wasm.go

  1// Package api includes constants and interfaces used by both end-users and internal implementations.
  2package api
  3
  4import (
  5	"context"
  6	"fmt"
  7	"math"
  8
  9	"github.com/tetratelabs/wazero/internal/internalapi"
 10)
 11
 12// ExternType classifies imports and exports with their respective types.
 13//
 14// See https://www.w3.org/TR/2019/REC-wasm-core-1-20191205/#external-types%E2%91%A0
 15type ExternType = byte
 16
 17const (
 18	ExternTypeFunc   ExternType = 0x00
 19	ExternTypeTable  ExternType = 0x01
 20	ExternTypeMemory ExternType = 0x02
 21	ExternTypeGlobal ExternType = 0x03
 22)
 23
 24// The below are exported to consolidate parsing behavior for external types.
 25const (
 26	// ExternTypeFuncName is the name of the WebAssembly 1.0 (20191205) Text Format field for ExternTypeFunc.
 27	ExternTypeFuncName = "func"
 28	// ExternTypeTableName is the name of the WebAssembly 1.0 (20191205) Text Format field for ExternTypeTable.
 29	ExternTypeTableName = "table"
 30	// ExternTypeMemoryName is the name of the WebAssembly 1.0 (20191205) Text Format field for ExternTypeMemory.
 31	ExternTypeMemoryName = "memory"
 32	// ExternTypeGlobalName is the name of the WebAssembly 1.0 (20191205) Text Format field for ExternTypeGlobal.
 33	ExternTypeGlobalName = "global"
 34)
 35
 36// ExternTypeName returns the name of the WebAssembly 1.0 (20191205) Text Format field of the given type.
 37//
 38// See https://www.w3.org/TR/2019/REC-wasm-core-1-20191205/#exports%E2%91%A4
 39func ExternTypeName(et ExternType) string {
 40	switch et {
 41	case ExternTypeFunc:
 42		return ExternTypeFuncName
 43	case ExternTypeTable:
 44		return ExternTypeTableName
 45	case ExternTypeMemory:
 46		return ExternTypeMemoryName
 47	case ExternTypeGlobal:
 48		return ExternTypeGlobalName
 49	}
 50	return fmt.Sprintf("%#x", et)
 51}
 52
 53// ValueType describes a parameter or result type mapped to a WebAssembly
 54// function signature.
 55//
 56// The following describes how to convert between Wasm and Golang types:
 57//
 58//   - ValueTypeI32 - EncodeU32 DecodeU32 for uint32 / EncodeI32 DecodeI32 for int32
 59//   - ValueTypeI64 - uint64(int64)
 60//   - ValueTypeF32 - EncodeF32 DecodeF32 from float32
 61//   - ValueTypeF64 - EncodeF64 DecodeF64 from float64
 62//   - ValueTypeExternref - unintptr(unsafe.Pointer(p)) where p is any pointer
 63//     type in Go (e.g. *string)
 64//
 65// e.g. Given a Text Format type use (param i64) (result i64), no conversion is
 66// necessary.
 67//
 68//	results, _ := fn(ctx, input)
 69//	result := result[0]
 70//
 71// e.g. Given a Text Format type use (param f64) (result f64), conversion is
 72// necessary.
 73//
 74//	results, _ := fn(ctx, api.EncodeF64(input))
 75//	result := api.DecodeF64(result[0])
 76//
 77// Note: This is a type alias as it is easier to encode and decode in the
 78// binary format.
 79//
 80// See https://www.w3.org/TR/2019/REC-wasm-core-1-20191205/#binary-valtype
 81type ValueType = byte
 82
 83const (
 84	// ValueTypeI32 is a 32-bit integer.
 85	ValueTypeI32 ValueType = 0x7f
 86	// ValueTypeI64 is a 64-bit integer.
 87	ValueTypeI64 ValueType = 0x7e
 88	// ValueTypeF32 is a 32-bit floating point number.
 89	ValueTypeF32 ValueType = 0x7d
 90	// ValueTypeF64 is a 64-bit floating point number.
 91	ValueTypeF64 ValueType = 0x7c
 92
 93	// ValueTypeExternref is a externref type.
 94	//
 95	// Note: in wazero, externref type value are opaque raw 64-bit pointers,
 96	// and the ValueTypeExternref type in the signature will be translated as
 97	// uintptr in wazero's API level.
 98	//
 99	// For example, given the import function:
100	//	(func (import "env" "f") (param externref) (result externref))
101	//
102	// This can be defined in Go as:
103	//  r.NewHostModuleBuilder("env").
104	//		NewFunctionBuilder().
105	//		WithFunc(func(context.Context, _ uintptr) (_ uintptr) { return }).
106	//		Export("f")
107	//
108	// Note: The usage of this type is toggled with api.CoreFeatureBulkMemoryOperations.
109	ValueTypeExternref ValueType = 0x6f
110)
111
112// ValueTypeName returns the type name of the given ValueType as a string.
113// These type names match the names used in the WebAssembly text format.
114//
115// Note: This returns "unknown", if an undefined ValueType value is passed.
116func ValueTypeName(t ValueType) string {
117	switch t {
118	case ValueTypeI32:
119		return "i32"
120	case ValueTypeI64:
121		return "i64"
122	case ValueTypeF32:
123		return "f32"
124	case ValueTypeF64:
125		return "f64"
126	case ValueTypeExternref:
127		return "externref"
128	}
129	return "unknown"
130}
131
132// Module is a sandboxed, ready to execute Wasm module. This can be used to get exported functions, etc.
133//
134// In WebAssembly terminology, this corresponds to a "Module Instance", but wazero calls pre-instantiation module as
135// "Compiled Module" as in wazero.CompiledModule, therefore we call this post-instantiation module simply "Module".
136// See https://www.w3.org/TR/2019/REC-wasm-core-1-20191205/#module-instances%E2%91%A0
137//
138// # Notes
139//
140//   - This is an interface for decoupling, not third-party implementations.
141//     All implementations are in wazero.
142//   - Closing the wazero.Runtime closes any Module it instantiated.
143type Module interface {
144	fmt.Stringer
145
146	// Name is the name this module was instantiated with. Exported functions can be imported with this name.
147	Name() string
148
149	// Memory returns a memory defined in this module or nil if there are none wasn't.
150	Memory() Memory
151
152	// ExportedFunction returns a function exported from this module or nil if it wasn't.
153	//
154	// # Notes
155	//   - The default wazero.ModuleConfig attempts to invoke `_start`, which
156	//     in rare cases can close the module. When in doubt, check IsClosed prior
157	//     to invoking a function export after instantiation.
158	//   - The semantics of host functions assumes the existence of an "importing module" because, for example, the host function needs access to
159	//     the memory of the importing module. Therefore, direct use of ExportedFunction is forbidden for host modules.
160	//     Practically speaking, it is usually meaningless to directly call a host function from Go code as it is already somewhere in Go code.
161	ExportedFunction(name string) Function
162
163	// ExportedFunctionDefinitions returns all the exported function
164	// definitions in this module, keyed on export name.
165	ExportedFunctionDefinitions() map[string]FunctionDefinition
166
167	// TODO: Table
168
169	// ExportedMemory returns a memory exported from this module or nil if it wasn't.
170	//
171	// WASI modules require exporting a Memory named "memory". This means that a module successfully initialized
172	// as a WASI Command or Reactor will never return nil for this name.
173	//
174	// See https://github.com/WebAssembly/WASI/blob/snapshot-01/design/application-abi.md#current-unstable-abi
175	ExportedMemory(name string) Memory
176
177	// ExportedMemoryDefinitions returns all the exported memory definitions
178	// in this module, keyed on export name.
179	//
180	// Note: As of WebAssembly Core Specification 2.0, there can be at most one
181	// memory.
182	ExportedMemoryDefinitions() map[string]MemoryDefinition
183
184	// ExportedGlobal a global exported from this module or nil if it wasn't.
185	ExportedGlobal(name string) Global
186
187	// CloseWithExitCode releases resources allocated for this Module. Use a non-zero exitCode parameter to indicate a
188	// failure to ExportedFunction callers.
189	//
190	// The error returned here, if present, is about resource de-allocation (such as I/O errors). Only the last error is
191	// returned, so a non-nil return means at least one error happened. Regardless of error, this Module will
192	// be removed, making its name available again.
193	//
194	// Calling this inside a host function is safe, and may cause ExportedFunction callers to receive a sys.ExitError
195	// with the exitCode.
196	CloseWithExitCode(ctx context.Context, exitCode uint32) error
197
198	// Closer closes this module by delegating to CloseWithExitCode with an exit code of zero.
199	Closer
200
201	// IsClosed returns true if the module is closed, so no longer usable.
202	//
203	// This can happen for the following reasons:
204	//   - Closer was called directly.
205	//   - A guest function called Closer indirectly, such as `_start` calling
206	//     `proc_exit`, which internally closed the module.
207	//   - wazero.RuntimeConfig `WithCloseOnContextDone` was enabled and a
208	//     context completion closed the module.
209	//
210	// Where any of the above are possible, check this value before calling an
211	// ExportedFunction, even if you didn't formerly receive a sys.ExitError.
212	// sys.ExitError is only returned on non-zero code, something that closes
213	// the module successfully will not result it one.
214	IsClosed() bool
215
216	internalapi.WazeroOnly
217}
218
219// Closer closes a resource.
220//
221// # Notes
222//
223//   - This is an interface for decoupling, not third-party implementations.
224//     All implementations are in wazero.
225type Closer interface {
226	// Close closes the resource.
227	//
228	// Note: The context parameter is used for value lookup, such as for
229	// logging. A canceled or otherwise done context will not prevent Close
230	// from succeeding.
231	Close(context.Context) error
232}
233
234// ExportDefinition is a WebAssembly type exported in a module
235// (wazero.CompiledModule).
236//
237// See https://www.w3.org/TR/2019/REC-wasm-core-1-20191205/#exports%E2%91%A0
238//
239// # Notes
240//
241//   - This is an interface for decoupling, not third-party implementations.
242//     All implementations are in wazero.
243type ExportDefinition interface {
244	// ModuleName is the possibly empty name of the module defining this
245	// export.
246	//
247	// Note: This may be different from Module.Name, because a compiled module
248	// can be instantiated multiple times as different names.
249	ModuleName() string
250
251	// Index is the position in the module's index, imports first.
252	Index() uint32
253
254	// Import returns true with the module and name when this was imported.
255	// Otherwise, it returns false.
256	//
257	// Note: Empty string is valid for both names in the WebAssembly Core
258	// Specification, so "" "" is possible.
259	Import() (moduleName, name string, isImport bool)
260
261	// ExportNames include all exported names.
262	//
263	// Note: The empty name is allowed in the WebAssembly Core Specification,
264	// so "" is possible.
265	ExportNames() []string
266
267	internalapi.WazeroOnly
268}
269
270// MemoryDefinition is a WebAssembly memory exported in a module
271// (wazero.CompiledModule). Units are in pages (64KB).
272//
273// See https://www.w3.org/TR/2019/REC-wasm-core-1-20191205/#exports%E2%91%A0
274//
275// # Notes
276//
277//   - This is an interface for decoupling, not third-party implementations.
278//     All implementations are in wazero.
279type MemoryDefinition interface {
280	ExportDefinition
281
282	// Min returns the possibly zero initial count of 64KB pages.
283	Min() uint32
284
285	// Max returns the possibly zero max count of 64KB pages, or false if
286	// unbounded.
287	Max() (uint32, bool)
288
289	internalapi.WazeroOnly
290}
291
292// FunctionDefinition is a WebAssembly function exported in a module
293// (wazero.CompiledModule).
294//
295// See https://www.w3.org/TR/2019/REC-wasm-core-1-20191205/#exports%E2%91%A0
296//
297// # Notes
298//
299//   - This is an interface for decoupling, not third-party implementations.
300//     All implementations are in wazero.
301type FunctionDefinition interface {
302	ExportDefinition
303
304	// Name is the module-defined name of the function, which is not necessarily
305	// the same as its export name.
306	Name() string
307
308	// DebugName identifies this function based on its Index or Name in the
309	// module. This is used for errors and stack traces. e.g. "env.abort".
310	//
311	// When the function name is empty, a substitute name is generated by
312	// prefixing '$' to its position in the index. Ex ".$0" is the
313	// first function (possibly imported) in an unnamed module.
314	//
315	// The format is dot-delimited module and function name, but there are no
316	// restrictions on the module and function name. This means either can be
317	// empty or include dots. e.g. "x.x.x" could mean module "x" and name "x.x",
318	// or it could mean module "x.x" and name "x".
319	//
320	// Note: This name is stable regardless of import or export. For example,
321	// if Import returns true, the value is still based on the Name or Index
322	// and not the imported function name.
323	DebugName() string
324
325	// GoFunction is non-nil when implemented by the embedder instead of a wasm
326	// binary, e.g. via wazero.HostModuleBuilder
327	//
328	// The expected results are nil, GoFunction or GoModuleFunction.
329	GoFunction() interface{}
330
331	// ParamTypes are the possibly empty sequence of value types accepted by a
332	// function with this signature.
333	//
334	// See ValueType documentation for encoding rules.
335	ParamTypes() []ValueType
336
337	// ParamNames are index-correlated with ParamTypes or nil if not available
338	// for one or more parameters.
339	ParamNames() []string
340
341	// ResultTypes are the results of the function.
342	//
343	// When WebAssembly 1.0 (20191205), there can be at most one result.
344	// See https://www.w3.org/TR/2019/REC-wasm-core-1-20191205/#result-types%E2%91%A0
345	//
346	// See ValueType documentation for encoding rules.
347	ResultTypes() []ValueType
348
349	// ResultNames are index-correlated with ResultTypes or nil if not
350	// available for one or more results.
351	ResultNames() []string
352
353	internalapi.WazeroOnly
354}
355
356// Function is a WebAssembly function exported from an instantiated module
357// (wazero.Runtime InstantiateModule).
358//
359// See https://www.w3.org/TR/2019/REC-wasm-core-1-20191205/#syntax-func
360//
361// # Notes
362//
363//   - This is an interface for decoupling, not third-party implementations.
364//     All implementations are in wazero.
365type Function interface {
366	// Definition is metadata about this function from its defining module.
367	Definition() FunctionDefinition
368
369	// Call invokes the function with the given parameters and returns any
370	// results or an error for any failure looking up or invoking the function.
371	//
372	// Encoding is described in Definition, and supplying an incorrect count of
373	// parameters vs FunctionDefinition.ParamTypes is an error.
374	//
375	// If the exporting Module was closed during this call, the error returned
376	// may be a sys.ExitError. See Module.CloseWithExitCode for details.
377	//
378	// Call is not goroutine-safe, therefore it is recommended to create
379	// another Function if you want to invoke the same function concurrently.
380	// On the other hand, sequential invocations of Call is allowed.
381	// However, this should not be called multiple times until the previous Call returns.
382	//
383	// To safely encode/decode params/results expressed as uint64, users are encouraged to
384	// use api.EncodeXXX or DecodeXXX functions. See the docs on api.ValueType.
385	//
386	// When RuntimeConfig.WithCloseOnContextDone is toggled, the invocation of this Call method is ensured to be closed
387	// whenever one of the three conditions is met. In the event of close, sys.ExitError will be returned and
388	// the api.Module from which this api.Function is derived will be made closed. See the documentation of
389	// WithCloseOnContextDone on wazero.RuntimeConfig for detail. See examples in context_done_example_test.go for
390	// the end-to-end demonstrations of how these terminations can be performed.
391	Call(ctx context.Context, params ...uint64) ([]uint64, error)
392
393	// CallWithStack is an optimized variation of Call that saves memory
394	// allocations when the stack slice is reused across calls.
395	//
396	// Stack length must be at least the max of parameter or result length.
397	// The caller adds parameters in order to the stack, and reads any results
398	// in order from the stack, except in the error case.
399	//
400	// For example, the following reuses the same stack slice to call searchFn
401	// repeatedly saving one allocation per iteration:
402	//
403	//	stack := make([]uint64, 4)
404	//	for i, search := range searchParams {
405	//		// copy the next params to the stack
406	//		copy(stack, search)
407	//		if err := searchFn.CallWithStack(ctx, stack); err != nil {
408	//			return err
409	//		} else if stack[0] == 1 { // found
410	//			return i // searchParams[i] matched!
411	//		}
412	//	}
413	//
414	// # Notes
415	//
416	//   - This is similar to GoModuleFunction, except for using calling functions
417	//     instead of implementing them. Moreover, this is used regardless of
418	//     whether the callee is a host or wasm defined function.
419	CallWithStack(ctx context.Context, stack []uint64) error
420
421	internalapi.WazeroOnly
422}
423
424// GoModuleFunction is a Function implemented in Go instead of a wasm binary.
425// The Module parameter is the calling module, used to access memory or
426// exported functions. See GoModuleFunc for an example.
427//
428// The stack is includes any parameters encoded according to their ValueType.
429// Its length is the max of parameter or result length. When there are results,
430// write them in order beginning at index zero. Do not use the stack after the
431// function returns.
432//
433// Here's a typical way to read three parameters and write back one.
434//
435//	// read parameters off the stack in index order
436//	argv, argvBuf := api.DecodeU32(stack[0]), api.DecodeU32(stack[1])
437//
438//	// write results back to the stack in index order
439//	stack[0] = api.EncodeU32(ErrnoSuccess)
440//
441// This function can be non-deterministic or cause side effects. It also
442// has special properties not defined in the WebAssembly Core specification.
443// Notably, this uses the caller's memory (via Module.Memory). See
444// https://www.w3.org/TR/wasm-core-1/#host-functions%E2%91%A0
445//
446// Most end users will not define functions directly with this, as they will
447// use reflection or code generators instead. These approaches are more
448// idiomatic as they can map go types to ValueType. This type is exposed for
449// those willing to trade usability and safety for performance.
450//
451// To safely decode/encode values from/to the uint64 stack, users are encouraged to use
452// api.EncodeXXX or api.DecodeXXX functions. See the docs on api.ValueType.
453type GoModuleFunction interface {
454	Call(ctx context.Context, mod Module, stack []uint64)
455}
456
457// GoModuleFunc is a convenience for defining an inlined function.
458//
459// For example, the following returns an uint32 value read from parameter zero:
460//
461//	api.GoModuleFunc(func(ctx context.Context, mod api.Module, stack []uint64) {
462//		offset := api.DecodeU32(stack[0]) // read the parameter from the stack
463//
464//		ret, ok := mod.Memory().ReadUint32Le(offset)
465//		if !ok {
466//			panic("out of memory")
467//		}
468//
469//		stack[0] = api.EncodeU32(ret) // add the result back to the stack.
470//	})
471type GoModuleFunc func(ctx context.Context, mod Module, stack []uint64)
472
473// Call implements GoModuleFunction.Call.
474func (f GoModuleFunc) Call(ctx context.Context, mod Module, stack []uint64) {
475	f(ctx, mod, stack)
476}
477
478// GoFunction is an optimized form of GoModuleFunction which doesn't require
479// the Module parameter. See GoFunc for an example.
480//
481// For example, this function does not need to use the importing module's
482// memory or exported functions.
483type GoFunction interface {
484	Call(ctx context.Context, stack []uint64)
485}
486
487// GoFunc is a convenience for defining an inlined function.
488//
489// For example, the following returns the sum of two uint32 parameters:
490//
491//	api.GoFunc(func(ctx context.Context, stack []uint64) {
492//		x, y := api.DecodeU32(stack[0]), api.DecodeU32(stack[1])
493//		stack[0] = api.EncodeU32(x + y)
494//	})
495type GoFunc func(ctx context.Context, stack []uint64)
496
497// Call implements GoFunction.Call.
498func (f GoFunc) Call(ctx context.Context, stack []uint64) {
499	f(ctx, stack)
500}
501
502// Global is a WebAssembly 1.0 (20191205) global exported from an instantiated module (wazero.Runtime InstantiateModule).
503//
504// For example, if the value is not mutable, you can read it once:
505//
506//	offset := module.ExportedGlobal("memory.offset").Get()
507//
508// Globals are allowed by specification to be mutable. However, this can be disabled by configuration. When in doubt,
509// safe cast to find out if the value can change. Here's an example:
510//
511//	offset := module.ExportedGlobal("memory.offset")
512//	if _, ok := offset.(api.MutableGlobal); ok {
513//		// value can change
514//	} else {
515//		// value is constant
516//	}
517//
518// See https://www.w3.org/TR/2019/REC-wasm-core-1-20191205/#globals%E2%91%A0
519//
520// # Notes
521//
522//   - This is an interface for decoupling, not third-party implementations.
523//     All implementations are in wazero.
524type Global interface {
525	fmt.Stringer
526
527	// Type describes the numeric type of the global.
528	Type() ValueType
529
530	// Get returns the last known value of this global.
531	//
532	// See Type for how to decode this value to a Go type.
533	Get() uint64
534}
535
536// MutableGlobal is a Global whose value can be updated at runtime (variable).
537//
538// # Notes
539//
540//   - This is an interface for decoupling, not third-party implementations.
541//     All implementations are in wazero.
542type MutableGlobal interface {
543	Global
544
545	// Set updates the value of this global.
546	//
547	// See Global.Type for how to encode this value from a Go type.
548	Set(v uint64)
549
550	internalapi.WazeroOnly
551}
552
553// Memory allows restricted access to a module's memory. Notably, this does not allow growing.
554//
555// See https://www.w3.org/TR/2019/REC-wasm-core-1-20191205/#storage%E2%91%A0
556//
557// # Notes
558//
559//   - This is an interface for decoupling, not third-party implementations.
560//     All implementations are in wazero.
561//   - This includes all value types available in WebAssembly 1.0 (20191205) and all are encoded little-endian.
562type Memory interface {
563	// Definition is metadata about this memory from its defining module.
564	Definition() MemoryDefinition
565
566	// Size returns the memory size in bytes available.
567	// e.g. If the underlying memory has 1 page: 65536
568	//
569	// # Notes
570	//
571	//   - This overflows (returns zero) if the memory has the maximum 65536 pages.
572	// 	   As a workaround until wazero v2 to fix the return type, use Grow(0) to obtain the current pages and
573	//     multiply by 65536.
574	//
575	// See https://www.w3.org/TR/2019/REC-wasm-core-1-20191205/#-hrefsyntax-instr-memorymathsfmemorysize%E2%91%A0
576	Size() uint32
577
578	// Grow increases memory by the delta in pages (65536 bytes per page).
579	// The return val is the previous memory size in pages, or false if the
580	// delta was ignored as it exceeds MemoryDefinition.Max.
581	//
582	// # Notes
583	//
584	//   - This is the same as the "memory.grow" instruction defined in the
585	//	   WebAssembly Core Specification, except returns false instead of -1.
586	//   - When this returns true, any shared views via Read must be refreshed.
587	//
588	// See MemorySizer Read and https://www.w3.org/TR/2019/REC-wasm-core-1-20191205/#grow-mem
589	Grow(deltaPages uint32) (previousPages uint32, ok bool)
590
591	// ReadByte reads a single byte from the underlying buffer at the offset or returns false if out of range.
592	ReadByte(offset uint32) (byte, bool)
593
594	// ReadUint16Le reads a uint16 in little-endian encoding from the underlying buffer at the offset in or returns
595	// false if out of range.
596	ReadUint16Le(offset uint32) (uint16, bool)
597
598	// ReadUint32Le reads a uint32 in little-endian encoding from the underlying buffer at the offset in or returns
599	// false if out of range.
600	ReadUint32Le(offset uint32) (uint32, bool)
601
602	// ReadFloat32Le reads a float32 from 32 IEEE 754 little-endian encoded bits in the underlying buffer at the offset
603	// or returns false if out of range.
604	// See math.Float32bits
605	ReadFloat32Le(offset uint32) (float32, bool)
606
607	// ReadUint64Le reads a uint64 in little-endian encoding from the underlying buffer at the offset or returns false
608	// if out of range.
609	ReadUint64Le(offset uint32) (uint64, bool)
610
611	// ReadFloat64Le reads a float64 from 64 IEEE 754 little-endian encoded bits in the underlying buffer at the offset
612	// or returns false if out of range.
613	//
614	// See math.Float64bits
615	ReadFloat64Le(offset uint32) (float64, bool)
616
617	// Read reads byteCount bytes from the underlying buffer at the offset or
618	// returns false if out of range.
619	//
620	// For example, to search for a NUL-terminated string:
621	//	buf, _ = memory.Read(offset, byteCount)
622	//	n := bytes.IndexByte(buf, 0)
623	//	if n < 0 {
624	//		// Not found!
625	//	}
626	//
627	// Write-through
628	//
629	// This returns a view of the underlying memory, not a copy. This means any
630	// writes to the slice returned are visible to Wasm, and any updates from
631	// Wasm are visible reading the returned slice.
632	//
633	// For example:
634	//	buf, _ = memory.Read(offset, byteCount)
635	//	buf[1] = 'a' // writes through to memory, meaning Wasm code see 'a'.
636	//
637	// If you don't intend-write through, make a copy of the returned slice.
638	//
639	// When to refresh Read
640	//
641	// The returned slice disconnects on any capacity change. For example,
642	// `buf = append(buf, 'a')` might result in a slice that is no longer
643	// shared. The same exists Wasm side. For example, if Wasm changes its
644	// memory capacity, ex via "memory.grow"), the host slice is no longer
645	// shared. Those who need a stable view must set Wasm memory min=max, or
646	// use wazero.RuntimeConfig WithMemoryCapacityPages to ensure max is always
647	// allocated.
648	Read(offset, byteCount uint32) ([]byte, bool)
649
650	// WriteByte writes a single byte to the underlying buffer at the offset in or returns false if out of range.
651	WriteByte(offset uint32, v byte) bool
652
653	// WriteUint16Le writes the value in little-endian encoding to the underlying buffer at the offset in or returns
654	// false if out of range.
655	WriteUint16Le(offset uint32, v uint16) bool
656
657	// WriteUint32Le writes the value in little-endian encoding to the underlying buffer at the offset in or returns
658	// false if out of range.
659	WriteUint32Le(offset, v uint32) bool
660
661	// WriteFloat32Le writes the value in 32 IEEE 754 little-endian encoded bits to the underlying buffer at the offset
662	// or returns false if out of range.
663	//
664	// See math.Float32bits
665	WriteFloat32Le(offset uint32, v float32) bool
666
667	// WriteUint64Le writes the value in little-endian encoding to the underlying buffer at the offset in or returns
668	// false if out of range.
669	WriteUint64Le(offset uint32, v uint64) bool
670
671	// WriteFloat64Le writes the value in 64 IEEE 754 little-endian encoded bits to the underlying buffer at the offset
672	// or returns false if out of range.
673	//
674	// See math.Float64bits
675	WriteFloat64Le(offset uint32, v float64) bool
676
677	// Write writes the slice to the underlying buffer at the offset or returns false if out of range.
678	Write(offset uint32, v []byte) bool
679
680	// WriteString writes the string to the underlying buffer at the offset or returns false if out of range.
681	WriteString(offset uint32, v string) bool
682
683	internalapi.WazeroOnly
684}
685
686// CustomSection contains the name and raw data of a custom section.
687//
688// # Notes
689//
690//   - This is an interface for decoupling, not third-party implementations.
691//     All implementations are in wazero.
692type CustomSection interface {
693	// Name is the name of the custom section
694	Name() string
695	// Data is the raw data of the custom section
696	Data() []byte
697
698	internalapi.WazeroOnly
699}
700
701// EncodeExternref encodes the input as a ValueTypeExternref.
702//
703// See DecodeExternref
704func EncodeExternref(input uintptr) uint64 {
705	return uint64(input)
706}
707
708// DecodeExternref decodes the input as a ValueTypeExternref.
709//
710// See EncodeExternref
711func DecodeExternref(input uint64) uintptr {
712	return uintptr(input)
713}
714
715// EncodeI32 encodes the input as a ValueTypeI32.
716func EncodeI32(input int32) uint64 {
717	return uint64(uint32(input))
718}
719
720// DecodeI32 decodes the input as a ValueTypeI32.
721func DecodeI32(input uint64) int32 {
722	return int32(input)
723}
724
725// EncodeU32 encodes the input as a ValueTypeI32.
726func EncodeU32(input uint32) uint64 {
727	return uint64(input)
728}
729
730// DecodeU32 decodes the input as a ValueTypeI32.
731func DecodeU32(input uint64) uint32 {
732	return uint32(input)
733}
734
735// EncodeI64 encodes the input as a ValueTypeI64.
736func EncodeI64(input int64) uint64 {
737	return uint64(input)
738}
739
740// EncodeF32 encodes the input as a ValueTypeF32.
741//
742// See DecodeF32
743func EncodeF32(input float32) uint64 {
744	return uint64(math.Float32bits(input))
745}
746
747// DecodeF32 decodes the input as a ValueTypeF32.
748//
749// See EncodeF32
750func DecodeF32(input uint64) float32 {
751	return math.Float32frombits(uint32(input))
752}
753
754// EncodeF64 encodes the input as a ValueTypeF64.
755//
756// See EncodeF32
757func EncodeF64(input float64) uint64 {
758	return math.Float64bits(input)
759}
760
761// DecodeF64 decodes the input as a ValueTypeF64.
762//
763// See EncodeF64
764func DecodeF64(input uint64) float64 {
765	return math.Float64frombits(input)
766}