binc.go

   1// Copyright (c) 2012-2018 Ugorji Nwoke. All rights reserved.
   2// Use of this source code is governed by a MIT license found in the LICENSE file.
   3
   4package codec
   5
   6import (
   7	"math"
   8	"reflect"
   9	"time"
  10)
  11
  12const bincDoPrune = true // No longer needed. Needed before as C lib did not support pruning.
  13
  14// vd as low 4 bits (there are 16 slots)
  15const (
  16	bincVdSpecial byte = iota
  17	bincVdPosInt
  18	bincVdNegInt
  19	bincVdFloat
  20
  21	bincVdString
  22	bincVdByteArray
  23	bincVdArray
  24	bincVdMap
  25
  26	bincVdTimestamp
  27	bincVdSmallInt
  28	bincVdUnicodeOther
  29	bincVdSymbol
  30
  31	bincVdDecimal
  32	_               // open slot
  33	_               // open slot
  34	bincVdCustomExt = 0x0f
  35)
  36
  37const (
  38	bincSpNil byte = iota
  39	bincSpFalse
  40	bincSpTrue
  41	bincSpNan
  42	bincSpPosInf
  43	bincSpNegInf
  44	bincSpZeroFloat
  45	bincSpZero
  46	bincSpNegOne
  47)
  48
  49const (
  50	bincFlBin16 byte = iota
  51	bincFlBin32
  52	_ // bincFlBin32e
  53	bincFlBin64
  54	_ // bincFlBin64e
  55	// others not currently supported
  56)
  57
  58func bincdesc(vd, vs byte) string {
  59	switch vd {
  60	case bincVdSpecial:
  61		switch vs {
  62		case bincSpNil:
  63			return "nil"
  64		case bincSpFalse:
  65			return "false"
  66		case bincSpTrue:
  67			return "true"
  68		case bincSpNan, bincSpPosInf, bincSpNegInf, bincSpZeroFloat:
  69			return "float"
  70		case bincSpZero:
  71			return "uint"
  72		case bincSpNegOne:
  73			return "int"
  74		default:
  75			return "unknown"
  76		}
  77	case bincVdSmallInt, bincVdPosInt:
  78		return "uint"
  79	case bincVdNegInt:
  80		return "int"
  81	case bincVdFloat:
  82		return "float"
  83	case bincVdSymbol:
  84		return "string"
  85	case bincVdString:
  86		return "string"
  87	case bincVdByteArray:
  88		return "bytes"
  89	case bincVdTimestamp:
  90		return "time"
  91	case bincVdCustomExt:
  92		return "ext"
  93	case bincVdArray:
  94		return "array"
  95	case bincVdMap:
  96		return "map"
  97	default:
  98		return "unknown"
  99	}
 100}
 101
 102type bincEncDriver struct {
 103	e *Encoder
 104	h *BincHandle
 105	w encWriter
 106	m map[string]uint16 // symbols
 107	b [16]byte          // scratch, used for encoding numbers - bigendian style
 108	s uint16            // symbols sequencer
 109	// c containerState
 110	encDriverTrackContainerWriter
 111	noBuiltInTypes
 112	// encNoSeparator
 113}
 114
 115func (e *bincEncDriver) EncodeNil() {
 116	e.w.writen1(bincVdSpecial<<4 | bincSpNil)
 117}
 118
 119func (e *bincEncDriver) EncodeTime(t time.Time) {
 120	if t.IsZero() {
 121		e.EncodeNil()
 122	} else {
 123		bs := bincEncodeTime(t)
 124		e.w.writen1(bincVdTimestamp<<4 | uint8(len(bs)))
 125		e.w.writeb(bs)
 126	}
 127}
 128
 129func (e *bincEncDriver) EncodeBool(b bool) {
 130	if b {
 131		e.w.writen1(bincVdSpecial<<4 | bincSpTrue)
 132	} else {
 133		e.w.writen1(bincVdSpecial<<4 | bincSpFalse)
 134	}
 135}
 136
 137func (e *bincEncDriver) EncodeFloat32(f float32) {
 138	if f == 0 {
 139		e.w.writen1(bincVdSpecial<<4 | bincSpZeroFloat)
 140		return
 141	}
 142	e.w.writen1(bincVdFloat<<4 | bincFlBin32)
 143	bigenHelper{e.b[:4], e.w}.writeUint32(math.Float32bits(f))
 144}
 145
 146func (e *bincEncDriver) EncodeFloat64(f float64) {
 147	if f == 0 {
 148		e.w.writen1(bincVdSpecial<<4 | bincSpZeroFloat)
 149		return
 150	}
 151	bigen.PutUint64(e.b[:8], math.Float64bits(f))
 152	if bincDoPrune {
 153		i := 7
 154		for ; i >= 0 && (e.b[i] == 0); i-- {
 155		}
 156		i++
 157		if i <= 6 {
 158			e.w.writen1(bincVdFloat<<4 | 0x8 | bincFlBin64)
 159			e.w.writen1(byte(i))
 160			e.w.writeb(e.b[:i])
 161			return
 162		}
 163	}
 164	e.w.writen1(bincVdFloat<<4 | bincFlBin64)
 165	e.w.writeb(e.b[:8])
 166}
 167
 168func (e *bincEncDriver) encIntegerPrune(bd byte, pos bool, v uint64, lim uint8) {
 169	if lim == 4 {
 170		bigen.PutUint32(e.b[:lim], uint32(v))
 171	} else {
 172		bigen.PutUint64(e.b[:lim], v)
 173	}
 174	if bincDoPrune {
 175		i := pruneSignExt(e.b[:lim], pos)
 176		e.w.writen1(bd | lim - 1 - byte(i))
 177		e.w.writeb(e.b[i:lim])
 178	} else {
 179		e.w.writen1(bd | lim - 1)
 180		e.w.writeb(e.b[:lim])
 181	}
 182}
 183
 184func (e *bincEncDriver) EncodeInt(v int64) {
 185	const nbd byte = bincVdNegInt << 4
 186	if v >= 0 {
 187		e.encUint(bincVdPosInt<<4, true, uint64(v))
 188	} else if v == -1 {
 189		e.w.writen1(bincVdSpecial<<4 | bincSpNegOne)
 190	} else {
 191		e.encUint(bincVdNegInt<<4, false, uint64(-v))
 192	}
 193}
 194
 195func (e *bincEncDriver) EncodeUint(v uint64) {
 196	e.encUint(bincVdPosInt<<4, true, v)
 197}
 198
 199func (e *bincEncDriver) encUint(bd byte, pos bool, v uint64) {
 200	if v == 0 {
 201		e.w.writen1(bincVdSpecial<<4 | bincSpZero)
 202	} else if pos && v >= 1 && v <= 16 {
 203		e.w.writen1(bincVdSmallInt<<4 | byte(v-1))
 204	} else if v <= math.MaxUint8 {
 205		e.w.writen2(bd|0x0, byte(v))
 206	} else if v <= math.MaxUint16 {
 207		e.w.writen1(bd | 0x01)
 208		bigenHelper{e.b[:2], e.w}.writeUint16(uint16(v))
 209	} else if v <= math.MaxUint32 {
 210		e.encIntegerPrune(bd, pos, v, 4)
 211	} else {
 212		e.encIntegerPrune(bd, pos, v, 8)
 213	}
 214}
 215
 216func (e *bincEncDriver) EncodeExt(rv interface{}, xtag uint64, ext Ext, _ *Encoder) {
 217	bs := ext.WriteExt(rv)
 218	if bs == nil {
 219		e.EncodeNil()
 220		return
 221	}
 222	e.encodeExtPreamble(uint8(xtag), len(bs))
 223	e.w.writeb(bs)
 224}
 225
 226func (e *bincEncDriver) EncodeRawExt(re *RawExt, _ *Encoder) {
 227	e.encodeExtPreamble(uint8(re.Tag), len(re.Data))
 228	e.w.writeb(re.Data)
 229}
 230
 231func (e *bincEncDriver) encodeExtPreamble(xtag byte, length int) {
 232	e.encLen(bincVdCustomExt<<4, uint64(length))
 233	e.w.writen1(xtag)
 234}
 235
 236func (e *bincEncDriver) WriteArrayStart(length int) {
 237	e.encLen(bincVdArray<<4, uint64(length))
 238	e.c = containerArrayStart
 239}
 240
 241func (e *bincEncDriver) WriteMapStart(length int) {
 242	e.encLen(bincVdMap<<4, uint64(length))
 243	e.c = containerMapStart
 244}
 245
 246func (e *bincEncDriver) EncodeString(c charEncoding, v string) {
 247	if e.c == containerMapKey && c == cUTF8 && (e.h.AsSymbols == 0 || e.h.AsSymbols == 1) {
 248		e.EncodeSymbol(v)
 249		return
 250	}
 251	l := uint64(len(v))
 252	e.encBytesLen(c, l)
 253	if l > 0 {
 254		e.w.writestr(v)
 255	}
 256}
 257
 258func (e *bincEncDriver) EncodeSymbol(v string) {
 259	// if WriteSymbolsNoRefs {
 260	// 	e.encodeString(cUTF8, v)
 261	// 	return
 262	// }
 263
 264	//symbols only offer benefit when string length > 1.
 265	//This is because strings with length 1 take only 2 bytes to store
 266	//(bd with embedded length, and single byte for string val).
 267
 268	l := len(v)
 269	if l == 0 {
 270		e.encBytesLen(cUTF8, 0)
 271		return
 272	} else if l == 1 {
 273		e.encBytesLen(cUTF8, 1)
 274		e.w.writen1(v[0])
 275		return
 276	}
 277	if e.m == nil {
 278		e.m = make(map[string]uint16, 16)
 279	}
 280	ui, ok := e.m[v]
 281	if ok {
 282		if ui <= math.MaxUint8 {
 283			e.w.writen2(bincVdSymbol<<4, byte(ui))
 284		} else {
 285			e.w.writen1(bincVdSymbol<<4 | 0x8)
 286			bigenHelper{e.b[:2], e.w}.writeUint16(ui)
 287		}
 288	} else {
 289		e.s++
 290		ui = e.s
 291		//ui = uint16(atomic.AddUint32(&e.s, 1))
 292		e.m[v] = ui
 293		var lenprec uint8
 294		if l <= math.MaxUint8 {
 295			// lenprec = 0
 296		} else if l <= math.MaxUint16 {
 297			lenprec = 1
 298		} else if int64(l) <= math.MaxUint32 {
 299			lenprec = 2
 300		} else {
 301			lenprec = 3
 302		}
 303		if ui <= math.MaxUint8 {
 304			e.w.writen2(bincVdSymbol<<4|0x0|0x4|lenprec, byte(ui))
 305		} else {
 306			e.w.writen1(bincVdSymbol<<4 | 0x8 | 0x4 | lenprec)
 307			bigenHelper{e.b[:2], e.w}.writeUint16(ui)
 308		}
 309		if lenprec == 0 {
 310			e.w.writen1(byte(l))
 311		} else if lenprec == 1 {
 312			bigenHelper{e.b[:2], e.w}.writeUint16(uint16(l))
 313		} else if lenprec == 2 {
 314			bigenHelper{e.b[:4], e.w}.writeUint32(uint32(l))
 315		} else {
 316			bigenHelper{e.b[:8], e.w}.writeUint64(uint64(l))
 317		}
 318		e.w.writestr(v)
 319	}
 320}
 321
 322func (e *bincEncDriver) EncodeStringBytes(c charEncoding, v []byte) {
 323	if v == nil {
 324		e.EncodeNil()
 325		return
 326	}
 327	l := uint64(len(v))
 328	e.encBytesLen(c, l)
 329	if l > 0 {
 330		e.w.writeb(v)
 331	}
 332}
 333
 334func (e *bincEncDriver) encBytesLen(c charEncoding, length uint64) {
 335	//TODO: support bincUnicodeOther (for now, just use string or bytearray)
 336	if c == cRAW {
 337		e.encLen(bincVdByteArray<<4, length)
 338	} else {
 339		e.encLen(bincVdString<<4, length)
 340	}
 341}
 342
 343func (e *bincEncDriver) encLen(bd byte, l uint64) {
 344	if l < 12 {
 345		e.w.writen1(bd | uint8(l+4))
 346	} else {
 347		e.encLenNumber(bd, l)
 348	}
 349}
 350
 351func (e *bincEncDriver) encLenNumber(bd byte, v uint64) {
 352	if v <= math.MaxUint8 {
 353		e.w.writen2(bd, byte(v))
 354	} else if v <= math.MaxUint16 {
 355		e.w.writen1(bd | 0x01)
 356		bigenHelper{e.b[:2], e.w}.writeUint16(uint16(v))
 357	} else if v <= math.MaxUint32 {
 358		e.w.writen1(bd | 0x02)
 359		bigenHelper{e.b[:4], e.w}.writeUint32(uint32(v))
 360	} else {
 361		e.w.writen1(bd | 0x03)
 362		bigenHelper{e.b[:8], e.w}.writeUint64(uint64(v))
 363	}
 364}
 365
 366//------------------------------------
 367
 368type bincDecSymbol struct {
 369	s string
 370	b []byte
 371	i uint16
 372}
 373
 374type bincDecDriver struct {
 375	decDriverNoopContainerReader
 376	noBuiltInTypes
 377
 378	d      *Decoder
 379	h      *BincHandle
 380	r      decReader
 381	br     bool // bytes reader
 382	bdRead bool
 383	bd     byte
 384	vd     byte
 385	vs     byte
 386	_      [3]byte // padding
 387	// linear searching on this slice is ok,
 388	// because we typically expect < 32 symbols in each stream.
 389	s []bincDecSymbol
 390
 391	// noStreamingCodec
 392	// decNoSeparator
 393
 394	b [8 * 8]byte // scratch
 395}
 396
 397func (d *bincDecDriver) readNextBd() {
 398	d.bd = d.r.readn1()
 399	d.vd = d.bd >> 4
 400	d.vs = d.bd & 0x0f
 401	d.bdRead = true
 402}
 403
 404func (d *bincDecDriver) uncacheRead() {
 405	if d.bdRead {
 406		d.r.unreadn1()
 407		d.bdRead = false
 408	}
 409}
 410
 411func (d *bincDecDriver) ContainerType() (vt valueType) {
 412	if !d.bdRead {
 413		d.readNextBd()
 414	}
 415	if d.vd == bincVdSpecial && d.vs == bincSpNil {
 416		return valueTypeNil
 417	} else if d.vd == bincVdByteArray {
 418		return valueTypeBytes
 419	} else if d.vd == bincVdString {
 420		return valueTypeString
 421	} else if d.vd == bincVdArray {
 422		return valueTypeArray
 423	} else if d.vd == bincVdMap {
 424		return valueTypeMap
 425	}
 426	// else {
 427	// d.d.errorf("isContainerType: unsupported parameter: %v", vt)
 428	// }
 429	return valueTypeUnset
 430}
 431
 432func (d *bincDecDriver) TryDecodeAsNil() bool {
 433	if !d.bdRead {
 434		d.readNextBd()
 435	}
 436	if d.bd == bincVdSpecial<<4|bincSpNil {
 437		d.bdRead = false
 438		return true
 439	}
 440	return false
 441}
 442
 443func (d *bincDecDriver) DecodeTime() (t time.Time) {
 444	if !d.bdRead {
 445		d.readNextBd()
 446	}
 447	if d.bd == bincVdSpecial<<4|bincSpNil {
 448		d.bdRead = false
 449		return
 450	}
 451	if d.vd != bincVdTimestamp {
 452		d.d.errorf("cannot decode time - %s %x-%x/%s", msgBadDesc, d.vd, d.vs, bincdesc(d.vd, d.vs))
 453		return
 454	}
 455	t, err := bincDecodeTime(d.r.readx(int(d.vs)))
 456	if err != nil {
 457		panic(err)
 458	}
 459	d.bdRead = false
 460	return
 461}
 462
 463func (d *bincDecDriver) decFloatPre(vs, defaultLen byte) {
 464	if vs&0x8 == 0 {
 465		d.r.readb(d.b[0:defaultLen])
 466	} else {
 467		l := d.r.readn1()
 468		if l > 8 {
 469			d.d.errorf("cannot read float - at most 8 bytes used to represent float - received %v bytes", l)
 470			return
 471		}
 472		for i := l; i < 8; i++ {
 473			d.b[i] = 0
 474		}
 475		d.r.readb(d.b[0:l])
 476	}
 477}
 478
 479func (d *bincDecDriver) decFloat() (f float64) {
 480	//if true { f = math.Float64frombits(bigen.Uint64(d.r.readx(8))); break; }
 481	if x := d.vs & 0x7; x == bincFlBin32 {
 482		d.decFloatPre(d.vs, 4)
 483		f = float64(math.Float32frombits(bigen.Uint32(d.b[0:4])))
 484	} else if x == bincFlBin64 {
 485		d.decFloatPre(d.vs, 8)
 486		f = math.Float64frombits(bigen.Uint64(d.b[0:8]))
 487	} else {
 488		d.d.errorf("read float - only float32 and float64 are supported - %s %x-%x/%s", msgBadDesc, d.vd, d.vs, bincdesc(d.vd, d.vs))
 489		return
 490	}
 491	return
 492}
 493
 494func (d *bincDecDriver) decUint() (v uint64) {
 495	// need to inline the code (interface conversion and type assertion expensive)
 496	switch d.vs {
 497	case 0:
 498		v = uint64(d.r.readn1())
 499	case 1:
 500		d.r.readb(d.b[6:8])
 501		v = uint64(bigen.Uint16(d.b[6:8]))
 502	case 2:
 503		d.b[4] = 0
 504		d.r.readb(d.b[5:8])
 505		v = uint64(bigen.Uint32(d.b[4:8]))
 506	case 3:
 507		d.r.readb(d.b[4:8])
 508		v = uint64(bigen.Uint32(d.b[4:8]))
 509	case 4, 5, 6:
 510		lim := int(7 - d.vs)
 511		d.r.readb(d.b[lim:8])
 512		for i := 0; i < lim; i++ {
 513			d.b[i] = 0
 514		}
 515		v = uint64(bigen.Uint64(d.b[:8]))
 516	case 7:
 517		d.r.readb(d.b[:8])
 518		v = uint64(bigen.Uint64(d.b[:8]))
 519	default:
 520		d.d.errorf("unsigned integers with greater than 64 bits of precision not supported")
 521		return
 522	}
 523	return
 524}
 525
 526func (d *bincDecDriver) decCheckInteger() (ui uint64, neg bool) {
 527	if !d.bdRead {
 528		d.readNextBd()
 529	}
 530	vd, vs := d.vd, d.vs
 531	if vd == bincVdPosInt {
 532		ui = d.decUint()
 533	} else if vd == bincVdNegInt {
 534		ui = d.decUint()
 535		neg = true
 536	} else if vd == bincVdSmallInt {
 537		ui = uint64(d.vs) + 1
 538	} else if vd == bincVdSpecial {
 539		if vs == bincSpZero {
 540			//i = 0
 541		} else if vs == bincSpNegOne {
 542			neg = true
 543			ui = 1
 544		} else {
 545			d.d.errorf("integer decode fails - invalid special value from descriptor %x-%x/%s",
 546				d.vd, d.vs, bincdesc(d.vd, d.vs))
 547			return
 548		}
 549	} else {
 550		d.d.errorf("integer can only be decoded from int/uint. d.bd: 0x%x, d.vd: 0x%x", d.bd, d.vd)
 551		return
 552	}
 553	return
 554}
 555
 556func (d *bincDecDriver) DecodeInt64() (i int64) {
 557	ui, neg := d.decCheckInteger()
 558	i = chkOvf.SignedIntV(ui)
 559	if neg {
 560		i = -i
 561	}
 562	d.bdRead = false
 563	return
 564}
 565
 566func (d *bincDecDriver) DecodeUint64() (ui uint64) {
 567	ui, neg := d.decCheckInteger()
 568	if neg {
 569		d.d.errorf("assigning negative signed value to unsigned integer type")
 570		return
 571	}
 572	d.bdRead = false
 573	return
 574}
 575
 576func (d *bincDecDriver) DecodeFloat64() (f float64) {
 577	if !d.bdRead {
 578		d.readNextBd()
 579	}
 580	vd, vs := d.vd, d.vs
 581	if vd == bincVdSpecial {
 582		d.bdRead = false
 583		if vs == bincSpNan {
 584			return math.NaN()
 585		} else if vs == bincSpPosInf {
 586			return math.Inf(1)
 587		} else if vs == bincSpZeroFloat || vs == bincSpZero {
 588			return
 589		} else if vs == bincSpNegInf {
 590			return math.Inf(-1)
 591		} else {
 592			d.d.errorf("float - invalid special value from descriptor %x-%x/%s",
 593				d.vd, d.vs, bincdesc(d.vd, d.vs))
 594			return
 595		}
 596	} else if vd == bincVdFloat {
 597		f = d.decFloat()
 598	} else {
 599		f = float64(d.DecodeInt64())
 600	}
 601	d.bdRead = false
 602	return
 603}
 604
 605// bool can be decoded from bool only (single byte).
 606func (d *bincDecDriver) DecodeBool() (b bool) {
 607	if !d.bdRead {
 608		d.readNextBd()
 609	}
 610	if bd := d.bd; bd == (bincVdSpecial | bincSpFalse) {
 611		// b = false
 612	} else if bd == (bincVdSpecial | bincSpTrue) {
 613		b = true
 614	} else {
 615		d.d.errorf("bool - %s %x-%x/%s", msgBadDesc, d.vd, d.vs, bincdesc(d.vd, d.vs))
 616		return
 617	}
 618	d.bdRead = false
 619	return
 620}
 621
 622func (d *bincDecDriver) ReadMapStart() (length int) {
 623	if !d.bdRead {
 624		d.readNextBd()
 625	}
 626	if d.vd != bincVdMap {
 627		d.d.errorf("map - %s %x-%x/%s", msgBadDesc, d.vd, d.vs, bincdesc(d.vd, d.vs))
 628		return
 629	}
 630	length = d.decLen()
 631	d.bdRead = false
 632	return
 633}
 634
 635func (d *bincDecDriver) ReadArrayStart() (length int) {
 636	if !d.bdRead {
 637		d.readNextBd()
 638	}
 639	if d.vd != bincVdArray {
 640		d.d.errorf("array - %s %x-%x/%s", msgBadDesc, d.vd, d.vs, bincdesc(d.vd, d.vs))
 641		return
 642	}
 643	length = d.decLen()
 644	d.bdRead = false
 645	return
 646}
 647
 648func (d *bincDecDriver) decLen() int {
 649	if d.vs > 3 {
 650		return int(d.vs - 4)
 651	}
 652	return int(d.decLenNumber())
 653}
 654
 655func (d *bincDecDriver) decLenNumber() (v uint64) {
 656	if x := d.vs; x == 0 {
 657		v = uint64(d.r.readn1())
 658	} else if x == 1 {
 659		d.r.readb(d.b[6:8])
 660		v = uint64(bigen.Uint16(d.b[6:8]))
 661	} else if x == 2 {
 662		d.r.readb(d.b[4:8])
 663		v = uint64(bigen.Uint32(d.b[4:8]))
 664	} else {
 665		d.r.readb(d.b[:8])
 666		v = bigen.Uint64(d.b[:8])
 667	}
 668	return
 669}
 670
 671func (d *bincDecDriver) decStringAndBytes(bs []byte, withString, zerocopy bool) (
 672	bs2 []byte, s string) {
 673	if !d.bdRead {
 674		d.readNextBd()
 675	}
 676	if d.bd == bincVdSpecial<<4|bincSpNil {
 677		d.bdRead = false
 678		return
 679	}
 680	var slen = -1
 681	// var ok bool
 682	switch d.vd {
 683	case bincVdString, bincVdByteArray:
 684		slen = d.decLen()
 685		if zerocopy {
 686			if d.br {
 687				bs2 = d.r.readx(slen)
 688			} else if len(bs) == 0 {
 689				bs2 = decByteSlice(d.r, slen, d.d.h.MaxInitLen, d.b[:])
 690			} else {
 691				bs2 = decByteSlice(d.r, slen, d.d.h.MaxInitLen, bs)
 692			}
 693		} else {
 694			bs2 = decByteSlice(d.r, slen, d.d.h.MaxInitLen, bs)
 695		}
 696		if withString {
 697			s = string(bs2)
 698		}
 699	case bincVdSymbol:
 700		// zerocopy doesn't apply for symbols,
 701		// as the values must be stored in a table for later use.
 702		//
 703		//from vs: extract numSymbolBytes, containsStringVal, strLenPrecision,
 704		//extract symbol
 705		//if containsStringVal, read it and put in map
 706		//else look in map for string value
 707		var symbol uint16
 708		vs := d.vs
 709		if vs&0x8 == 0 {
 710			symbol = uint16(d.r.readn1())
 711		} else {
 712			symbol = uint16(bigen.Uint16(d.r.readx(2)))
 713		}
 714		if d.s == nil {
 715			d.s = make([]bincDecSymbol, 0, 16)
 716		}
 717
 718		if vs&0x4 == 0 {
 719			for i := range d.s {
 720				j := &d.s[i]
 721				if j.i == symbol {
 722					bs2 = j.b
 723					if withString {
 724						if j.s == "" && bs2 != nil {
 725							j.s = string(bs2)
 726						}
 727						s = j.s
 728					}
 729					break
 730				}
 731			}
 732		} else {
 733			switch vs & 0x3 {
 734			case 0:
 735				slen = int(d.r.readn1())
 736			case 1:
 737				slen = int(bigen.Uint16(d.r.readx(2)))
 738			case 2:
 739				slen = int(bigen.Uint32(d.r.readx(4)))
 740			case 3:
 741				slen = int(bigen.Uint64(d.r.readx(8)))
 742			}
 743			// since using symbols, do not store any part of
 744			// the parameter bs in the map, as it might be a shared buffer.
 745			// bs2 = decByteSlice(d.r, slen, bs)
 746			bs2 = decByteSlice(d.r, slen, d.d.h.MaxInitLen, nil)
 747			if withString {
 748				s = string(bs2)
 749			}
 750			d.s = append(d.s, bincDecSymbol{i: symbol, s: s, b: bs2})
 751		}
 752	default:
 753		d.d.errorf("string/bytes - %s %x-%x/%s", msgBadDesc, d.vd, d.vs, bincdesc(d.vd, d.vs))
 754		return
 755	}
 756	d.bdRead = false
 757	return
 758}
 759
 760func (d *bincDecDriver) DecodeString() (s string) {
 761	// DecodeBytes does not accommodate symbols, whose impl stores string version in map.
 762	// Use decStringAndBytes directly.
 763	// return string(d.DecodeBytes(d.b[:], true, true))
 764	_, s = d.decStringAndBytes(d.b[:], true, true)
 765	return
 766}
 767
 768func (d *bincDecDriver) DecodeStringAsBytes() (s []byte) {
 769	s, _ = d.decStringAndBytes(d.b[:], false, true)
 770	return
 771}
 772
 773func (d *bincDecDriver) DecodeBytes(bs []byte, zerocopy bool) (bsOut []byte) {
 774	if !d.bdRead {
 775		d.readNextBd()
 776	}
 777	if d.bd == bincVdSpecial<<4|bincSpNil {
 778		d.bdRead = false
 779		return nil
 780	}
 781	// check if an "array" of uint8's (see ContainerType for how to infer if an array)
 782	if d.vd == bincVdArray {
 783		bsOut, _ = fastpathTV.DecSliceUint8V(bs, true, d.d)
 784		return
 785	}
 786	var clen int
 787	if d.vd == bincVdString || d.vd == bincVdByteArray {
 788		clen = d.decLen()
 789	} else {
 790		d.d.errorf("bytes - %s %x-%x/%s", msgBadDesc, d.vd, d.vs, bincdesc(d.vd, d.vs))
 791		return
 792	}
 793	d.bdRead = false
 794	if zerocopy {
 795		if d.br {
 796			return d.r.readx(clen)
 797		} else if len(bs) == 0 {
 798			bs = d.b[:]
 799		}
 800	}
 801	return decByteSlice(d.r, clen, d.d.h.MaxInitLen, bs)
 802}
 803
 804func (d *bincDecDriver) DecodeExt(rv interface{}, xtag uint64, ext Ext) (realxtag uint64) {
 805	if xtag > 0xff {
 806		d.d.errorf("ext: tag must be <= 0xff; got: %v", xtag)
 807		return
 808	}
 809	realxtag1, xbs := d.decodeExtV(ext != nil, uint8(xtag))
 810	realxtag = uint64(realxtag1)
 811	if ext == nil {
 812		re := rv.(*RawExt)
 813		re.Tag = realxtag
 814		re.Data = detachZeroCopyBytes(d.br, re.Data, xbs)
 815	} else {
 816		ext.ReadExt(rv, xbs)
 817	}
 818	return
 819}
 820
 821func (d *bincDecDriver) decodeExtV(verifyTag bool, tag byte) (xtag byte, xbs []byte) {
 822	if !d.bdRead {
 823		d.readNextBd()
 824	}
 825	if d.vd == bincVdCustomExt {
 826		l := d.decLen()
 827		xtag = d.r.readn1()
 828		if verifyTag && xtag != tag {
 829			d.d.errorf("wrong extension tag - got %b, expecting: %v", xtag, tag)
 830			return
 831		}
 832		xbs = d.r.readx(l)
 833	} else if d.vd == bincVdByteArray {
 834		xbs = d.DecodeBytes(nil, true)
 835	} else {
 836		d.d.errorf("ext - expecting extensions or byte array - %s %x-%x/%s", msgBadDesc, d.vd, d.vs, bincdesc(d.vd, d.vs))
 837		return
 838	}
 839	d.bdRead = false
 840	return
 841}
 842
 843func (d *bincDecDriver) DecodeNaked() {
 844	if !d.bdRead {
 845		d.readNextBd()
 846	}
 847
 848	n := d.d.n
 849	var decodeFurther bool
 850
 851	switch d.vd {
 852	case bincVdSpecial:
 853		switch d.vs {
 854		case bincSpNil:
 855			n.v = valueTypeNil
 856		case bincSpFalse:
 857			n.v = valueTypeBool
 858			n.b = false
 859		case bincSpTrue:
 860			n.v = valueTypeBool
 861			n.b = true
 862		case bincSpNan:
 863			n.v = valueTypeFloat
 864			n.f = math.NaN()
 865		case bincSpPosInf:
 866			n.v = valueTypeFloat
 867			n.f = math.Inf(1)
 868		case bincSpNegInf:
 869			n.v = valueTypeFloat
 870			n.f = math.Inf(-1)
 871		case bincSpZeroFloat:
 872			n.v = valueTypeFloat
 873			n.f = float64(0)
 874		case bincSpZero:
 875			n.v = valueTypeUint
 876			n.u = uint64(0) // int8(0)
 877		case bincSpNegOne:
 878			n.v = valueTypeInt
 879			n.i = int64(-1) // int8(-1)
 880		default:
 881			d.d.errorf("cannot infer value - unrecognized special value from descriptor %x-%x/%s", d.vd, d.vs, bincdesc(d.vd, d.vs))
 882		}
 883	case bincVdSmallInt:
 884		n.v = valueTypeUint
 885		n.u = uint64(int8(d.vs)) + 1 // int8(d.vs) + 1
 886	case bincVdPosInt:
 887		n.v = valueTypeUint
 888		n.u = d.decUint()
 889	case bincVdNegInt:
 890		n.v = valueTypeInt
 891		n.i = -(int64(d.decUint()))
 892	case bincVdFloat:
 893		n.v = valueTypeFloat
 894		n.f = d.decFloat()
 895	case bincVdSymbol:
 896		n.v = valueTypeSymbol
 897		n.s = d.DecodeString()
 898	case bincVdString:
 899		n.v = valueTypeString
 900		n.s = d.DecodeString()
 901	case bincVdByteArray:
 902		n.v = valueTypeBytes
 903		n.l = d.DecodeBytes(nil, false)
 904	case bincVdTimestamp:
 905		n.v = valueTypeTime
 906		tt, err := bincDecodeTime(d.r.readx(int(d.vs)))
 907		if err != nil {
 908			panic(err)
 909		}
 910		n.t = tt
 911	case bincVdCustomExt:
 912		n.v = valueTypeExt
 913		l := d.decLen()
 914		n.u = uint64(d.r.readn1())
 915		n.l = d.r.readx(l)
 916	case bincVdArray:
 917		n.v = valueTypeArray
 918		decodeFurther = true
 919	case bincVdMap:
 920		n.v = valueTypeMap
 921		decodeFurther = true
 922	default:
 923		d.d.errorf("cannot infer value - %s %x-%x/%s", msgBadDesc, d.vd, d.vs, bincdesc(d.vd, d.vs))
 924	}
 925
 926	if !decodeFurther {
 927		d.bdRead = false
 928	}
 929	if n.v == valueTypeUint && d.h.SignedInteger {
 930		n.v = valueTypeInt
 931		n.i = int64(n.u)
 932	}
 933	return
 934}
 935
 936//------------------------------------
 937
 938//BincHandle is a Handle for the Binc Schema-Free Encoding Format
 939//defined at https://github.com/ugorji/binc .
 940//
 941//BincHandle currently supports all Binc features with the following EXCEPTIONS:
 942//  - only integers up to 64 bits of precision are supported.
 943//    big integers are unsupported.
 944//  - Only IEEE 754 binary32 and binary64 floats are supported (ie Go float32 and float64 types).
 945//    extended precision and decimal IEEE 754 floats are unsupported.
 946//  - Only UTF-8 strings supported.
 947//    Unicode_Other Binc types (UTF16, UTF32) are currently unsupported.
 948//
 949//Note that these EXCEPTIONS are temporary and full support is possible and may happen soon.
 950type BincHandle struct {
 951	BasicHandle
 952	binaryEncodingType
 953	noElemSeparators
 954
 955	// AsSymbols defines what should be encoded as symbols.
 956	//
 957	// Encoding as symbols can reduce the encoded size significantly.
 958	//
 959	// However, during decoding, each string to be encoded as a symbol must
 960	// be checked to see if it has been seen before. Consequently, encoding time
 961	// will increase if using symbols, because string comparisons has a clear cost.
 962	//
 963	// Values:
 964	// - 0: default: library uses best judgement
 965	// - 1: use symbols
 966	// - 2: do not use symbols
 967	AsSymbols uint8
 968
 969	// AsSymbols: may later on introduce more options ...
 970	// - m: map keys
 971	// - s: struct fields
 972	// - n: none
 973	// - a: all: same as m, s, ...
 974
 975	// _ [1]uint64 // padding
 976}
 977
 978// Name returns the name of the handle: binc
 979func (h *BincHandle) Name() string { return "binc" }
 980
 981// SetBytesExt sets an extension
 982func (h *BincHandle) SetBytesExt(rt reflect.Type, tag uint64, ext BytesExt) (err error) {
 983	return h.SetExt(rt, tag, &extWrapper{ext, interfaceExtFailer{}})
 984}
 985
 986func (h *BincHandle) newEncDriver(e *Encoder) encDriver {
 987	return &bincEncDriver{e: e, h: h, w: e.w}
 988}
 989
 990func (h *BincHandle) newDecDriver(d *Decoder) decDriver {
 991	return &bincDecDriver{d: d, h: h, r: d.r, br: d.bytes}
 992}
 993
 994func (e *bincEncDriver) reset() {
 995	e.w = e.e.w
 996	e.s = 0
 997	e.c = 0
 998	e.m = nil
 999}
1000
1001func (d *bincDecDriver) reset() {
1002	d.r, d.br = d.d.r, d.d.bytes
1003	d.s = nil
1004	d.bd, d.bdRead, d.vd, d.vs = 0, false, 0, 0
1005}
1006
1007// var timeDigits = [...]byte{'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9'}
1008
1009// EncodeTime encodes a time.Time as a []byte, including
1010// information on the instant in time and UTC offset.
1011//
1012// Format Description
1013//
1014//   A timestamp is composed of 3 components:
1015//
1016//   - secs: signed integer representing seconds since unix epoch
1017//   - nsces: unsigned integer representing fractional seconds as a
1018//     nanosecond offset within secs, in the range 0 <= nsecs < 1e9
1019//   - tz: signed integer representing timezone offset in minutes east of UTC,
1020//     and a dst (daylight savings time) flag
1021//
1022//   When encoding a timestamp, the first byte is the descriptor, which
1023//   defines which components are encoded and how many bytes are used to
1024//   encode secs and nsecs components. *If secs/nsecs is 0 or tz is UTC, it
1025//   is not encoded in the byte array explicitly*.
1026//
1027//       Descriptor 8 bits are of the form `A B C DDD EE`:
1028//           A:   Is secs component encoded? 1 = true
1029//           B:   Is nsecs component encoded? 1 = true
1030//           C:   Is tz component encoded? 1 = true
1031//           DDD: Number of extra bytes for secs (range 0-7).
1032//                If A = 1, secs encoded in DDD+1 bytes.
1033//                    If A = 0, secs is not encoded, and is assumed to be 0.
1034//                    If A = 1, then we need at least 1 byte to encode secs.
1035//                    DDD says the number of extra bytes beyond that 1.
1036//                    E.g. if DDD=0, then secs is represented in 1 byte.
1037//                         if DDD=2, then secs is represented in 3 bytes.
1038//           EE:  Number of extra bytes for nsecs (range 0-3).
1039//                If B = 1, nsecs encoded in EE+1 bytes (similar to secs/DDD above)
1040//
1041//   Following the descriptor bytes, subsequent bytes are:
1042//
1043//       secs component encoded in `DDD + 1` bytes (if A == 1)
1044//       nsecs component encoded in `EE + 1` bytes (if B == 1)
1045//       tz component encoded in 2 bytes (if C == 1)
1046//
1047//   secs and nsecs components are integers encoded in a BigEndian
1048//   2-complement encoding format.
1049//
1050//   tz component is encoded as 2 bytes (16 bits). Most significant bit 15 to
1051//   Least significant bit 0 are described below:
1052//
1053//       Timezone offset has a range of -12:00 to +14:00 (ie -720 to +840 minutes).
1054//       Bit 15 = have\_dst: set to 1 if we set the dst flag.
1055//       Bit 14 = dst\_on: set to 1 if dst is in effect at the time, or 0 if not.
1056//       Bits 13..0 = timezone offset in minutes. It is a signed integer in Big Endian format.
1057//
1058func bincEncodeTime(t time.Time) []byte {
1059	//t := rv.Interface().(time.Time)
1060	tsecs, tnsecs := t.Unix(), t.Nanosecond()
1061	var (
1062		bd   byte
1063		btmp [8]byte
1064		bs   [16]byte
1065		i    int = 1
1066	)
1067	l := t.Location()
1068	if l == time.UTC {
1069		l = nil
1070	}
1071	if tsecs != 0 {
1072		bd = bd | 0x80
1073		bigen.PutUint64(btmp[:], uint64(tsecs))
1074		f := pruneSignExt(btmp[:], tsecs >= 0)
1075		bd = bd | (byte(7-f) << 2)
1076		copy(bs[i:], btmp[f:])
1077		i = i + (8 - f)
1078	}
1079	if tnsecs != 0 {
1080		bd = bd | 0x40
1081		bigen.PutUint32(btmp[:4], uint32(tnsecs))
1082		f := pruneSignExt(btmp[:4], true)
1083		bd = bd | byte(3-f)
1084		copy(bs[i:], btmp[f:4])
1085		i = i + (4 - f)
1086	}
1087	if l != nil {
1088		bd = bd | 0x20
1089		// Note that Go Libs do not give access to dst flag.
1090		_, zoneOffset := t.Zone()
1091		//zoneName, zoneOffset := t.Zone()
1092		zoneOffset /= 60
1093		z := uint16(zoneOffset)
1094		bigen.PutUint16(btmp[:2], z)
1095		// clear dst flags
1096		bs[i] = btmp[0] & 0x3f
1097		bs[i+1] = btmp[1]
1098		i = i + 2
1099	}
1100	bs[0] = bd
1101	return bs[0:i]
1102}
1103
1104// bincDecodeTime decodes a []byte into a time.Time.
1105func bincDecodeTime(bs []byte) (tt time.Time, err error) {
1106	bd := bs[0]
1107	var (
1108		tsec  int64
1109		tnsec uint32
1110		tz    uint16
1111		i     byte = 1
1112		i2    byte
1113		n     byte
1114	)
1115	if bd&(1<<7) != 0 {
1116		var btmp [8]byte
1117		n = ((bd >> 2) & 0x7) + 1
1118		i2 = i + n
1119		copy(btmp[8-n:], bs[i:i2])
1120		//if first bit of bs[i] is set, then fill btmp[0..8-n] with 0xff (ie sign extend it)
1121		if bs[i]&(1<<7) != 0 {
1122			copy(btmp[0:8-n], bsAll0xff)
1123			//for j,k := byte(0), 8-n; j < k; j++ {	btmp[j] = 0xff }
1124		}
1125		i = i2
1126		tsec = int64(bigen.Uint64(btmp[:]))
1127	}
1128	if bd&(1<<6) != 0 {
1129		var btmp [4]byte
1130		n = (bd & 0x3) + 1
1131		i2 = i + n
1132		copy(btmp[4-n:], bs[i:i2])
1133		i = i2
1134		tnsec = bigen.Uint32(btmp[:])
1135	}
1136	if bd&(1<<5) == 0 {
1137		tt = time.Unix(tsec, int64(tnsec)).UTC()
1138		return
1139	}
1140	// In stdlib time.Parse, when a date is parsed without a zone name, it uses "" as zone name.
1141	// However, we need name here, so it can be shown when time is printed.
1142	// Zone name is in form: UTC-08:00.
1143	// Note that Go Libs do not give access to dst flag, so we ignore dst bits
1144
1145	i2 = i + 2
1146	tz = bigen.Uint16(bs[i:i2])
1147	// i = i2
1148	// sign extend sign bit into top 2 MSB (which were dst bits):
1149	if tz&(1<<13) == 0 { // positive
1150		tz = tz & 0x3fff //clear 2 MSBs: dst bits
1151	} else { // negative
1152		tz = tz | 0xc000 //set 2 MSBs: dst bits
1153	}
1154	tzint := int16(tz)
1155	if tzint == 0 {
1156		tt = time.Unix(tsec, int64(tnsec)).UTC()
1157	} else {
1158		// For Go Time, do not use a descriptive timezone.
1159		// It's unnecessary, and makes it harder to do a reflect.DeepEqual.
1160		// The Offset already tells what the offset should be, if not on UTC and unknown zone name.
1161		// var zoneName = timeLocUTCName(tzint)
1162		tt = time.Unix(tsec, int64(tnsec)).In(time.FixedZone("", int(tzint)*60))
1163	}
1164	return
1165}
1166
1167var _ decDriver = (*bincDecDriver)(nil)
1168var _ encDriver = (*bincEncDriver)(nil)