element.rs

  1//! Provides an `Element` type, which represents DOM nodes, and a builder to create them with.
  2
  3use std::io:: Write;
  4use std::collections::{btree_map, BTreeMap};
  5
  6use std::str;
  7
  8use error::{Error, ErrorKind, Result};
  9
 10use quick_xml::reader::Reader as EventReader;
 11use quick_xml::events::{Event, BytesStart};
 12
 13use std::io::BufRead;
 14
 15use std::str::FromStr;
 16
 17use std::slice;
 18
 19use convert::{IntoElements, IntoAttributeValue, ElementEmitter};
 20
 21/// A node in an element tree.
 22#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
 23pub enum Node {
 24    /// An `Element`.
 25    Element(Element),
 26    /// A text node.
 27    Text(String),
 28}
 29
 30impl Node {
 31    /// Turns this into an `Element` if possible, else returns None.
 32    ///
 33    /// # Examples
 34    ///
 35    /// ```rust
 36    /// use minidom::Node;
 37    ///
 38    /// let elm = Node::Element("<meow />".parse().unwrap());
 39    /// let txt = Node::Text("meow".to_owned());
 40    ///
 41    /// assert_eq!(elm.as_element().unwrap().name(), "meow");
 42    /// assert_eq!(txt.as_element(), None);
 43    /// ```
 44    pub fn as_element(&self) -> Option<&Element> {
 45        match *self {
 46            Node::Element(ref e) => Some(e),
 47            Node::Text(_) => None,
 48        }
 49    }
 50
 51    /// Turns this into a `String` if possible, else returns None.
 52    ///
 53    /// # Examples
 54    ///
 55    /// ```rust
 56    /// use minidom::Node;
 57    ///
 58    /// let elm = Node::Element("<meow />".parse().unwrap());
 59    /// let txt = Node::Text("meow".to_owned());
 60    ///
 61    /// assert_eq!(elm.as_text(), None);
 62    /// assert_eq!(txt.as_text().unwrap(), "meow");
 63    /// ```
 64    pub fn as_text(&self) -> Option<&str> {
 65        match *self {
 66            Node::Element(_) => None,
 67            Node::Text(ref s) => Some(s),
 68        }
 69    }
 70
 71    fn write_to_inner<W: Write>(&self, writer: &mut W, last_namespace: &mut Option<String>) -> Result<()>{
 72        match *self {
 73            Node::Element(ref elmt) => elmt.write_to_inner(writer, last_namespace)?,
 74            Node::Text(ref s) => write!(writer, "{}", s)?,
 75        }
 76
 77        Ok(())
 78    }
 79}
 80
 81#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
 82/// A struct representing a DOM Element.
 83pub struct Element {
 84    name: String,
 85    namespace: Option<String>,
 86    attributes: BTreeMap<String, String>,
 87    children: Vec<Node>,
 88}
 89
 90impl<'a> From<&'a Element> for String {
 91    fn from(elem: &'a Element) -> String {
 92        let mut writer = Vec::new();
 93        elem.write_to(&mut writer).unwrap();
 94        String::from_utf8(writer).unwrap()
 95    }
 96}
 97
 98
 99impl FromStr for Element {
100    type Err = Error;
101
102    fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Element> {
103        let mut reader = EventReader::from_str(s);
104        Element::from_reader(&mut reader)
105    }
106}
107
108impl Element {
109    fn new(name: String, namespace: Option<String>, attributes: BTreeMap<String, String>, children: Vec<Node>) -> Element {
110        Element {
111            name: name,
112            namespace: namespace,
113            attributes: attributes,
114            children: children,
115        }
116    }
117
118    /// Return a builder for an `Element` with the given `name`.
119    ///
120    /// # Examples
121    ///
122    /// ```rust
123    /// use minidom::Element;
124    ///
125    /// let elem = Element::builder("name")
126    ///                    .ns("namespace")
127    ///                    .attr("name", "value")
128    ///                    .append("inner")
129    ///                    .build();
130    ///
131    /// assert_eq!(elem.name(), "name");
132    /// assert_eq!(elem.ns(), Some("namespace"));
133    /// assert_eq!(elem.attr("name"), Some("value"));
134    /// assert_eq!(elem.attr("inexistent"), None);
135    /// assert_eq!(elem.text(), "inner");
136    /// ```
137    pub fn builder<S: Into<String>>(name: S) -> ElementBuilder {
138        ElementBuilder {
139            root: Element::new(name.into(), None, BTreeMap::new(), Vec::new()),
140        }
141    }
142
143    /// Returns a bare minimum `Element` with this name.
144    ///
145    /// # Examples
146    ///
147    /// ```rust
148    /// use minidom::Element;
149    ///
150    /// let bare = Element::bare("name");
151    ///
152    /// assert_eq!(bare.name(), "name");
153    /// assert_eq!(bare.ns(), None);
154    /// assert_eq!(bare.attr("name"), None);
155    /// assert_eq!(bare.text(), "");
156    /// ```
157    pub fn bare<S: Into<String>>(name: S) -> Element {
158        Element {
159            name: name.into(),
160            namespace: None,
161            attributes: BTreeMap::new(),
162            children: Vec::new(),
163        }
164    }
165
166    /// Returns a reference to the name of this element.
167    pub fn name(&self) -> &str {
168        &self.name
169    }
170
171    /// Returns a reference to the namespace of this element, if it has one, else `None`.
172    pub fn ns(&self) -> Option<&str> {
173        self.namespace.as_ref()
174                      .map(String::as_ref)
175    }
176
177    /// Returns a reference to the value of the given attribute, if it exists, else `None`.
178    pub fn attr(&self, name: &str) -> Option<&str> {
179        if let Some(value) = self.attributes.get(name) {
180            return Some(value)
181        }
182        None
183    }
184
185    /// Returns an iterator over the attributes of this element.
186    ///
187    /// # Example
188    ///
189    /// ```rust
190    /// use minidom::Element;
191    ///
192    /// let elm: Element = "<elem a=\"b\" />".parse().unwrap();
193    ///
194    /// let mut iter = elm.attrs();
195    ///
196    /// assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap(), ("a", "b"));
197    /// assert_eq!(iter.next(), None);
198    /// ```
199    pub fn attrs(&self) -> Attrs {
200        Attrs {
201            iter: self.attributes.iter(),
202        }
203    }
204
205    /// Returns an iterator over the attributes of this element, with the value being a mutable
206    /// reference.
207    pub fn attrs_mut(&mut self) -> AttrsMut {
208        AttrsMut {
209            iter: self.attributes.iter_mut(),
210        }
211    }
212
213    /// Modifies the value of an attribute.
214    pub fn set_attr<S: Into<String>, V: IntoAttributeValue>(&mut self, name: S, val: V) {
215        let name = name.into();
216        let val = val.into_attribute_value();
217
218        if let Some(value) = self.attributes.get_mut(&name) {
219            *value = val.expect("removing existing value via set_attr, this is not yet supported (TODO)"); // TODO
220            return;
221        }
222
223        if let Some(val) = val {
224            self.attributes.insert(name, val);
225        }
226    }
227
228    /// Returns whether the element has the given name and namespace.
229    ///
230    /// # Examples
231    ///
232    /// ```rust
233    /// use minidom::Element;
234    ///
235    /// let elem = Element::builder("name").ns("namespace").build();
236    ///
237    /// assert_eq!(elem.is("name", "namespace"), true);
238    /// assert_eq!(elem.is("name", "wrong"), false);
239    /// assert_eq!(elem.is("wrong", "namespace"), false);
240    /// assert_eq!(elem.is("wrong", "wrong"), false);
241    /// ```
242    pub fn is<N: AsRef<str>, NS: AsRef<str>>(&self, name: N, namespace: NS) -> bool {
243        let ns = self.namespace.as_ref().map(String::as_ref);
244        self.name == name.as_ref() && ns == Some(namespace.as_ref())
245    }
246
247    /// Parse a document from an `EventReader`.
248    pub fn from_reader<R: BufRead>(reader: &mut EventReader<R>) -> Result<Element> {
249        let mut buf = Vec::new();
250        let root: Element;
251
252        loop {
253            let e = reader.read_event(&mut buf)?;
254            match e {
255                Event::Empty(ref e) | Event::Start(ref e) => {
256                    root = build_element(e)?; // FIXME: could be break build_element(e)? when break value is stable
257                    break;
258                },
259                Event::Eof => {
260                    bail!(ErrorKind::EndOfDocument);
261                },
262                _ => () // TODO: may need more errors
263            }
264        };
265
266        let mut stack = vec![root];
267
268        loop {
269            match reader.read_event(&mut buf)? {
270                Event::Empty(ref e) => {
271                    let elem = build_element(e)?;
272                    // Since there is no Event::End after, directly append it to the current node
273                    stack.last_mut().unwrap().append_child(elem);
274                },
275                Event::Start(ref e) => {
276                    let elem = build_element(e)?;
277                    stack.push(elem);
278                },
279                Event::End(ref e) => {
280                    if stack.len() <= 1 {
281                        break;
282                    }
283                    let elem = stack.pop().unwrap();
284                    if let Some(to) = stack.last_mut() {
285                        if elem.name().as_bytes() != e.name() {
286                            bail!(ErrorKind::InvalidElementClosed);
287                        }
288                        to.append_child(elem);
289                    }
290                },
291                Event::Text(s) | Event::CData(s) => {
292                    let text = s.unescape_and_decode(reader)?;
293                    if text != "" {
294                        let mut current_elem = stack.last_mut().unwrap();
295                        current_elem.append_text_node(text);
296                    }
297                },
298                Event::Eof => {
299                    break;
300                },
301                _ => (), // TODO: may need to implement more
302            }
303        }
304        Ok(stack.pop().unwrap())
305    }
306
307    /// Output a document to a `Writer`.
308    pub fn write_to<W: Write>(&self, writer: &mut W) -> Result<()> {
309        let mut last_namespace = None;
310        write!(writer, "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?>")?;
311        self.write_to_inner(writer, &mut last_namespace)
312    }
313
314    /// Output a document to a `Writer` assuming you're already in the provided namespace
315    pub fn write_to_in_namespace<W: Write>(&self, writer: &mut W, namespace: &str) -> Result<()> {
316        write!(writer, "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?>")?;
317        self.write_to_inner(writer, &mut Some(namespace.to_owned()))
318    }
319
320    fn write_to_inner<W: Write>(&self, writer: &mut W, last_namespace: &mut Option<String>) -> Result<()> {
321        write!(writer, "<")?;
322        write!(writer, "{}", self.name)?;
323
324        if let Some(ref ns) = self.namespace {
325            if *last_namespace != self.namespace {
326                write!(writer, " xmlns=\"{}\"", ns)?;
327                *last_namespace = Some(ns.clone());
328            }
329        }
330
331        for (key, value) in &self.attributes {
332            write!(writer, " {}=\"{}\"", key, value)?;
333        }
334
335        if self.children.is_empty() {
336            write!(writer, " />")?;
337            return Ok(())
338        }
339
340        write!(writer, ">")?;
341
342        for child in &self.children {
343            child.write_to_inner(writer, last_namespace)?;
344        }
345
346        write!(writer, "</{}>", self.name)?;
347        Ok(())
348    }
349
350    /// Returns an iterator over references to every child node of this element.
351    ///
352    /// # Examples
353    ///
354    /// ```rust
355    /// use minidom::Element;
356    ///
357    /// let elem: Element = "<root>a<c1 />b<c2 />c</root>".parse().unwrap();
358    ///
359    /// let mut iter = elem.nodes();
360    ///
361    /// assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap().as_text().unwrap(), "a");
362    /// assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap().as_element().unwrap().name(), "c1");
363    /// assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap().as_text().unwrap(), "b");
364    /// assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap().as_element().unwrap().name(), "c2");
365    /// assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap().as_text().unwrap(), "c");
366    /// assert_eq!(iter.next(), None);
367    /// ```
368    #[inline] pub fn nodes(&self) -> Nodes {
369        self.children.iter()
370    }
371
372    /// Returns an iterator over mutable references to every child node of this element.
373    #[inline] pub fn nodes_mut(&mut self) -> NodesMut {
374        self.children.iter_mut()
375    }
376
377    /// Returns an iterator over references to every child element of this element.
378    ///
379    /// # Examples
380    ///
381    /// ```rust
382    /// use minidom::Element;
383    ///
384    /// let elem: Element = "<root>hello<child1 />this<child2 />is<child3 />ignored</root>".parse().unwrap();
385    ///
386    /// let mut iter = elem.children();
387    /// assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap().name(), "child1");
388    /// assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap().name(), "child2");
389    /// assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap().name(), "child3");
390    /// assert_eq!(iter.next(), None);
391    /// ```
392    #[inline] pub fn children(&self) -> Children {
393        Children {
394            iter: self.children.iter(),
395        }
396    }
397
398    /// Returns an iterator over mutable references to every child element of this element.
399    #[inline] pub fn children_mut(&mut self) -> ChildrenMut {
400        ChildrenMut {
401            iter: self.children.iter_mut(),
402        }
403    }
404
405    /// Returns an iterator over references to every text node of this element.
406    ///
407    /// # Examples
408    ///
409    /// ```rust
410    /// use minidom::Element;
411    ///
412    /// let elem: Element = "<root>hello<c /> world!</root>".parse().unwrap();
413    ///
414    /// let mut iter = elem.texts();
415    /// assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap(), "hello");
416    /// assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap(), " world!");
417    /// assert_eq!(iter.next(), None);
418    /// ```
419    #[inline] pub fn texts(&self) -> Texts {
420        Texts {
421            iter: self.children.iter(),
422        }
423    }
424
425    /// Returns an iterator over mutable references to every text node of this element.
426    #[inline] pub fn texts_mut(&mut self) -> TextsMut {
427        TextsMut {
428            iter: self.children.iter_mut(),
429        }
430    }
431
432    /// Appends a child node to the `Element`, returning the appended node.
433    ///
434    /// # Examples
435    ///
436    /// ```rust
437    /// use minidom::Element;
438    ///
439    /// let mut elem = Element::bare("root");
440    ///
441    /// assert_eq!(elem.children().count(), 0);
442    ///
443    /// elem.append_child(Element::bare("child"));
444    ///
445    /// {
446    ///     let mut iter = elem.children();
447    ///     assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap().name(), "child");
448    ///     assert_eq!(iter.next(), None);
449    /// }
450    ///
451    /// let child = elem.append_child(Element::bare("new"));
452    ///
453    /// assert_eq!(child.name(), "new");
454    /// ```
455    pub fn append_child(&mut self, mut child: Element) -> &mut Element {
456        if child.namespace.is_none() && self.namespace.is_some() {
457            child.namespace = self.namespace.clone();
458            child.propagate_namespaces();
459        }
460        self.children.push(Node::Element(child));
461        if let Node::Element(ref mut cld) = *self.children.last_mut().unwrap() {
462            cld
463        }
464        else {
465            unreachable!()
466        }
467    }
468
469    fn propagate_namespaces(&mut self) {
470        let ns = self.namespace.clone();
471        for child in self.children_mut() {
472            if child.namespace.is_none() {
473                child.namespace = ns.clone();
474                child.propagate_namespaces();
475            }
476        }
477    }
478
479    /// Appends a text node to an `Element`.
480    ///
481    /// # Examples
482    ///
483    /// ```rust
484    /// use minidom::Element;
485    ///
486    /// let mut elem = Element::bare("node");
487    ///
488    /// assert_eq!(elem.text(), "");
489    ///
490    /// elem.append_text_node("text");
491    ///
492    /// assert_eq!(elem.text(), "text");
493    /// ```
494    pub fn append_text_node<S: Into<String>>(&mut self, child: S) {
495        self.children.push(Node::Text(child.into()));
496    }
497
498    /// Appends a node to an `Element`.
499    ///
500    /// # Examples
501    ///
502    /// ```rust
503    /// use minidom::{Element, Node};
504    ///
505    /// let mut elem = Element::bare("node");
506    ///
507    /// elem.append_node(Node::Text("hello".to_owned()));
508    ///
509    /// assert_eq!(elem.text(), "hello");
510    /// ```
511    pub fn append_node(&mut self, node: Node) {
512        self.children.push(node);
513    }
514
515    /// Returns the concatenation of all text nodes in the `Element`.
516    ///
517    /// # Examples
518    ///
519    /// ```rust
520    /// use minidom::Element;
521    ///
522    /// let elem: Element = "<node>hello,<split /> world!</node>".parse().unwrap();
523    ///
524    /// assert_eq!(elem.text(), "hello, world!");
525    /// ```
526    pub fn text(&self) -> String {
527        self.texts().fold(String::new(), |ret, new| ret + new)
528    }
529
530    /// Returns a reference to the first child element with the specific name and namespace, if it
531    /// exists in the direct descendants of this `Element`, else returns `None`.
532    ///
533    /// # Examples
534    ///
535    /// ```rust
536    /// use minidom::Element;
537    ///
538    /// let elem: Element = r#"<node xmlns="ns"><a /><a xmlns="other_ns" /><b /></node>"#.parse().unwrap();
539    ///
540    /// assert!(elem.get_child("a", "ns").unwrap().is("a", "ns"));
541    /// assert!(elem.get_child("a", "other_ns").unwrap().is("a", "other_ns"));
542    /// assert!(elem.get_child("b", "ns").unwrap().is("b", "ns"));
543    /// assert_eq!(elem.get_child("c", "ns"), None);
544    /// assert_eq!(elem.get_child("b", "other_ns"), None);
545    /// assert_eq!(elem.get_child("a", "inexistent_ns"), None);
546    /// ```
547    pub fn get_child<N: AsRef<str>, NS: AsRef<str>>(&self, name: N, namespace: NS) -> Option<&Element> {
548        for fork in &self.children {
549            if let Node::Element(ref e) = *fork {
550                if e.is(name.as_ref(), namespace.as_ref()) {
551                    return Some(e);
552                }
553            }
554        }
555        None
556    }
557
558    /// Returns a mutable reference to the first child element with the specific name and namespace,
559    /// if it exists in the direct descendants of this `Element`, else returns `None`.
560    pub fn get_child_mut<N: AsRef<str>, NS: AsRef<str>>(&mut self, name: N, namespace: NS) -> Option<&mut Element> {
561        for fork in &mut self.children {
562            if let Node::Element(ref mut e) = *fork {
563                if e.is(name.as_ref(), namespace.as_ref()) {
564                    return Some(e);
565                }
566            }
567        }
568        None
569    }
570
571    /// Returns whether a specific child with this name and namespace exists in the direct
572    /// descendants of the `Element`.
573    ///
574    /// # Examples
575    ///
576    /// ```rust
577    /// use minidom::Element;
578    ///
579    /// let elem: Element = r#"<node xmlns="ns"><a /><a xmlns="other_ns" /><b /></node>"#.parse().unwrap();
580    ///
581    /// assert_eq!(elem.has_child("a", "other_ns"), true);
582    /// assert_eq!(elem.has_child("a", "ns"), true);
583    /// assert_eq!(elem.has_child("a", "inexistent_ns"), false);
584    /// assert_eq!(elem.has_child("b", "ns"), true);
585    /// assert_eq!(elem.has_child("b", "other_ns"), false);
586    /// assert_eq!(elem.has_child("b", "inexistent_ns"), false);
587    /// ```
588    pub fn has_child<N: AsRef<str>, NS: AsRef<str>>(&self, name: N, namespace: NS) -> bool {
589        self.get_child(name, namespace).is_some()
590    }
591}
592
593fn build_element(event: &BytesStart) -> Result<Element> {
594    let mut attributes = event.attributes()
595                               .map(|o| {
596                                    let o = o?;
597                                    let key = str::from_utf8(o.key)?.to_owned();
598                                    let value = str::from_utf8(o.value)?.to_owned();
599                                    Ok((key, value))
600                                   }
601                                )
602                               .collect::<Result<BTreeMap<String, String>>>()?;
603        let mut ns_key = None;
604        for (key, _) in &attributes {
605            if key == "xmlns" || key.starts_with("xmlns:") {
606                ns_key = Some(key.clone());
607            }
608        }
609
610        let ns = match ns_key {
611            None => None,
612            Some(key) => attributes.remove(&key),
613        };
614        let name = str::from_utf8(event.name())?.to_owned();
615        Ok(Element::new(name, ns, attributes, Vec::new()))
616}
617
618/// An iterator over references to child elements of an `Element`.
619pub struct Children<'a> {
620    iter: slice::Iter<'a, Node>,
621}
622
623impl<'a> Iterator for Children<'a> {
624    type Item = &'a Element;
625
626    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<&'a Element> {
627        for item in &mut self.iter {
628            if let Node::Element(ref child) = *item {
629                return Some(child);
630            }
631        }
632        None
633    }
634}
635
636/// An iterator over mutable references to child elements of an `Element`.
637pub struct ChildrenMut<'a> {
638    iter: slice::IterMut<'a, Node>,
639}
640
641impl<'a> Iterator for ChildrenMut<'a> {
642    type Item = &'a mut Element;
643
644    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<&'a mut Element> {
645        for item in &mut self.iter {
646            if let Node::Element(ref mut child) = *item {
647                return Some(child);
648            }
649        }
650        None
651    }
652}
653
654/// An iterator over references to child text nodes of an `Element`.
655pub struct Texts<'a> {
656    iter: slice::Iter<'a, Node>,
657}
658
659impl<'a> Iterator for Texts<'a> {
660    type Item = &'a str;
661
662    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<&'a str> {
663        for item in &mut self.iter {
664            if let Node::Text(ref child) = *item {
665                return Some(child);
666            }
667        }
668        None
669    }
670}
671
672/// An iterator over mutable references to child text nodes of an `Element`.
673pub struct TextsMut<'a> {
674    iter: slice::IterMut<'a, Node>,
675}
676
677impl<'a> Iterator for TextsMut<'a> {
678    type Item = &'a mut String;
679
680    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<&'a mut String> {
681        for item in &mut self.iter {
682            if let Node::Text(ref mut child) = *item {
683                return Some(child);
684            }
685        }
686        None
687    }
688}
689
690/// An iterator over references to all child nodes of an `Element`.
691pub type Nodes<'a> = slice::Iter<'a, Node>;
692
693/// An iterator over mutable references to all child nodes of an `Element`.
694pub type NodesMut<'a> = slice::IterMut<'a, Node>;
695
696/// An iterator over the attributes of an `Element`.
697pub struct Attrs<'a> {
698    iter: btree_map::Iter<'a, String, String>,
699}
700
701impl<'a> Iterator for Attrs<'a> {
702    type Item = (&'a str, &'a str);
703
704    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
705        self.iter.next().map(|(x, y)| (x.as_ref(), y.as_ref()))
706    }
707}
708
709/// An iterator over the attributes of an `Element`, with the values mutable.
710pub struct AttrsMut<'a> {
711    iter: btree_map::IterMut<'a, String, String>,
712}
713
714impl<'a> Iterator for AttrsMut<'a> {
715    type Item = (&'a str, &'a mut String);
716
717    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
718        self.iter.next().map(|(x, y)| (x.as_ref(), y))
719    }
720}
721
722/// A builder for `Element`s.
723pub struct ElementBuilder {
724    root: Element,
725}
726
727impl ElementBuilder {
728    /// Sets the namespace.
729    pub fn ns<S: Into<String>>(mut self, namespace: S) -> ElementBuilder {
730        self.root.namespace = Some(namespace.into());
731        self
732    }
733
734    /// Sets an attribute.
735    pub fn attr<S: Into<String>, V: IntoAttributeValue>(mut self, name: S, value: V) -> ElementBuilder {
736        self.root.set_attr(name, value);
737        self
738    }
739
740    /// Appends anything implementing `IntoElements` into the tree.
741    pub fn append<T: IntoElements>(mut self, into: T) -> ElementBuilder {
742        {
743            let mut emitter = ElementEmitter::new(&mut self.root);
744            into.into_elements(&mut emitter);
745        }
746        self
747    }
748
749    /// Builds the `Element`.
750    pub fn build(self) -> Element {
751        self.root
752    }
753}
754
755#[test]
756fn test_element_new() {
757    use std::iter::FromIterator;
758
759    let elem = Element::new( "name".to_owned()
760                           , Some("namespace".to_owned())
761                           , BTreeMap::from_iter(vec![ ("name".to_string(), "value".to_string()) ].into_iter() )
762                           , Vec::new() );
763
764    assert_eq!(elem.name(), "name");
765    assert_eq!(elem.ns(), Some("namespace"));
766    assert_eq!(elem.attr("name"), Some("value"));
767    assert_eq!(elem.attr("inexistent"), None);
768}