util.rs

   1pub mod arc_cow;
   2pub mod archive;
   3pub mod command;
   4pub mod fs;
   5pub mod markdown;
   6pub mod paths;
   7pub mod redact;
   8pub mod rel_path;
   9pub mod schemars;
  10pub mod serde;
  11pub mod shell_env;
  12pub mod size;
  13#[cfg(any(test, feature = "test-support"))]
  14pub mod test;
  15pub mod time;
  16
  17use anyhow::Result;
  18use futures::Future;
  19use itertools::Either;
  20use regex::Regex;
  21use std::sync::{LazyLock, OnceLock};
  22use std::{
  23    borrow::Cow,
  24    cmp::{self, Ordering},
  25    env,
  26    ops::{AddAssign, Range, RangeInclusive},
  27    panic::Location,
  28    pin::Pin,
  29    task::{Context, Poll},
  30    time::Instant,
  31};
  32use unicase::UniCase;
  33
  34pub use take_until::*;
  35#[cfg(any(test, feature = "test-support"))]
  36pub use util_macros::{line_endings, path, uri};
  37
  38#[macro_export]
  39macro_rules! debug_panic {
  40    ( $($fmt_arg:tt)* ) => {
  41        if cfg!(debug_assertions) {
  42            panic!( $($fmt_arg)* );
  43        } else {
  44            let backtrace = std::backtrace::Backtrace::capture();
  45            log::error!("{}\n{:?}", format_args!($($fmt_arg)*), backtrace);
  46        }
  47    };
  48}
  49
  50pub fn truncate(s: &str, max_chars: usize) -> &str {
  51    match s.char_indices().nth(max_chars) {
  52        None => s,
  53        Some((idx, _)) => &s[..idx],
  54    }
  55}
  56
  57/// Removes characters from the end of the string if its length is greater than `max_chars` and
  58/// appends "..." to the string. Returns string unchanged if its length is smaller than max_chars.
  59pub fn truncate_and_trailoff(s: &str, max_chars: usize) -> String {
  60    debug_assert!(max_chars >= 5);
  61
  62    // If the string's byte length is <= max_chars, walking the string can be skipped since the
  63    // number of chars is <= the number of bytes.
  64    if s.len() <= max_chars {
  65        return s.to_string();
  66    }
  67    let truncation_ix = s.char_indices().map(|(i, _)| i).nth(max_chars);
  68    match truncation_ix {
  69        Some(index) => s[..index].to_string() + "…",
  70        _ => s.to_string(),
  71    }
  72}
  73
  74/// Removes characters from the front of the string if its length is greater than `max_chars` and
  75/// prepends the string with "...". Returns string unchanged if its length is smaller than max_chars.
  76pub fn truncate_and_remove_front(s: &str, max_chars: usize) -> String {
  77    debug_assert!(max_chars >= 5);
  78
  79    // If the string's byte length is <= max_chars, walking the string can be skipped since the
  80    // number of chars is <= the number of bytes.
  81    if s.len() <= max_chars {
  82        return s.to_string();
  83    }
  84    let suffix_char_length = max_chars.saturating_sub(1);
  85    let truncation_ix = s
  86        .char_indices()
  87        .map(|(i, _)| i)
  88        .nth_back(suffix_char_length);
  89    match truncation_ix {
  90        Some(index) if index > 0 => "…".to_string() + &s[index..],
  91        _ => s.to_string(),
  92    }
  93}
  94
  95/// Takes only `max_lines` from the string and, if there were more than `max_lines-1`, appends a
  96/// a newline and "..." to the string, so that `max_lines` are returned.
  97/// Returns string unchanged if its length is smaller than max_lines.
  98pub fn truncate_lines_and_trailoff(s: &str, max_lines: usize) -> String {
  99    let mut lines = s.lines().take(max_lines).collect::<Vec<_>>();
 100    if lines.len() > max_lines - 1 {
 101        lines.pop();
 102        lines.join("\n") + "\n…"
 103    } else {
 104        lines.join("\n")
 105    }
 106}
 107
 108/// Truncates the string at a character boundary, such that the result is less than `max_bytes` in
 109/// length.
 110pub fn truncate_to_byte_limit(s: &str, max_bytes: usize) -> &str {
 111    if s.len() < max_bytes {
 112        return s;
 113    }
 114
 115    for i in (0..max_bytes).rev() {
 116        if s.is_char_boundary(i) {
 117            return &s[..i];
 118        }
 119    }
 120
 121    ""
 122}
 123
 124/// Takes a prefix of complete lines which fit within the byte limit. If the first line is longer
 125/// than the limit, truncates at a character boundary.
 126pub fn truncate_lines_to_byte_limit(s: &str, max_bytes: usize) -> &str {
 127    if s.len() < max_bytes {
 128        return s;
 129    }
 130
 131    for i in (0..max_bytes).rev() {
 132        if s.is_char_boundary(i) && s.as_bytes()[i] == b'\n' {
 133            // Since the i-th character is \n, valid to slice at i + 1.
 134            return &s[..i + 1];
 135        }
 136    }
 137
 138    truncate_to_byte_limit(s, max_bytes)
 139}
 140
 141#[test]
 142fn test_truncate_lines_to_byte_limit() {
 143    let text = "Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3\nLine 4";
 144
 145    // Limit that includes all lines
 146    assert_eq!(truncate_lines_to_byte_limit(text, 100), text);
 147
 148    // Exactly the first line
 149    assert_eq!(truncate_lines_to_byte_limit(text, 7), "Line 1\n");
 150
 151    // Limit between lines
 152    assert_eq!(truncate_lines_to_byte_limit(text, 13), "Line 1\n");
 153    assert_eq!(truncate_lines_to_byte_limit(text, 20), "Line 1\nLine 2\n");
 154
 155    // Limit before first newline
 156    assert_eq!(truncate_lines_to_byte_limit(text, 6), "Line ");
 157
 158    // Test with non-ASCII characters
 159    let text_utf8 = "Line 1\nLΓ­ne 2\nLine 3";
 160    assert_eq!(
 161        truncate_lines_to_byte_limit(text_utf8, 15),
 162        "Line 1\nLΓ­ne 2\n"
 163    );
 164}
 165
 166pub fn post_inc<T: From<u8> + AddAssign<T> + Copy>(value: &mut T) -> T {
 167    let prev = *value;
 168    *value += T::from(1);
 169    prev
 170}
 171
 172/// Extend a sorted vector with a sorted sequence of items, maintaining the vector's sort order and
 173/// enforcing a maximum length. This also de-duplicates items. Sort the items according to the given callback. Before calling this,
 174/// both `vec` and `new_items` should already be sorted according to the `cmp` comparator.
 175pub fn extend_sorted<T, I, F>(vec: &mut Vec<T>, new_items: I, limit: usize, mut cmp: F)
 176where
 177    I: IntoIterator<Item = T>,
 178    F: FnMut(&T, &T) -> Ordering,
 179{
 180    let mut start_index = 0;
 181    for new_item in new_items {
 182        if let Err(i) = vec[start_index..].binary_search_by(|m| cmp(m, &new_item)) {
 183            let index = start_index + i;
 184            if vec.len() < limit {
 185                vec.insert(index, new_item);
 186            } else if index < vec.len() {
 187                vec.pop();
 188                vec.insert(index, new_item);
 189            }
 190            start_index = index;
 191        }
 192    }
 193}
 194
 195pub fn truncate_to_bottom_n_sorted_by<T, F>(items: &mut Vec<T>, limit: usize, compare: &F)
 196where
 197    F: Fn(&T, &T) -> Ordering,
 198{
 199    if limit == 0 {
 200        items.truncate(0);
 201    }
 202    if items.len() <= limit {
 203        items.sort_by(compare);
 204        return;
 205    }
 206    // When limit is near to items.len() it may be more efficient to sort the whole list and
 207    // truncate, rather than always doing selection first as is done below. It's hard to analyze
 208    // where the threshold for this should be since the quickselect style algorithm used by
 209    // `select_nth_unstable_by` makes the prefix partially sorted, and so its work is not wasted -
 210    // the expected number of comparisons needed by `sort_by` is less than it is for some arbitrary
 211    // unsorted input.
 212    items.select_nth_unstable_by(limit, compare);
 213    items.truncate(limit);
 214    items.sort_by(compare);
 215}
 216
 217/// Prevents execution of the application with root privileges on Unix systems.
 218///
 219/// This function checks if the current process is running with root privileges
 220/// and terminates the program with an error message unless explicitly allowed via the
 221/// `ZED_ALLOW_ROOT` environment variable.
 222#[cfg(unix)]
 223pub fn prevent_root_execution() {
 224    let is_root = nix::unistd::geteuid().is_root();
 225    let allow_root = std::env::var("ZED_ALLOW_ROOT").is_ok_and(|val| val == "true");
 226
 227    if is_root && !allow_root {
 228        eprintln!(
 229            "\
 230Error: Running Zed as root or via sudo is unsupported.
 231       Doing so (even once) may subtly break things for all subsequent non-root usage of Zed.
 232       It is untested and not recommended, don't complain when things break.
 233       If you wish to proceed anyways, set `ZED_ALLOW_ROOT=true` in your environment."
 234        );
 235        std::process::exit(1);
 236    }
 237}
 238
 239#[cfg(unix)]
 240fn load_shell_from_passwd() -> Result<()> {
 241    let buflen = match unsafe { libc::sysconf(libc::_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX) } {
 242        n if n < 0 => 1024,
 243        n => n as usize,
 244    };
 245    let mut buffer = Vec::with_capacity(buflen);
 246
 247    let mut pwd: std::mem::MaybeUninit<libc::passwd> = std::mem::MaybeUninit::uninit();
 248    let mut result: *mut libc::passwd = std::ptr::null_mut();
 249
 250    let uid = unsafe { libc::getuid() };
 251    let status = unsafe {
 252        libc::getpwuid_r(
 253            uid,
 254            pwd.as_mut_ptr(),
 255            buffer.as_mut_ptr() as *mut libc::c_char,
 256            buflen,
 257            &mut result,
 258        )
 259    };
 260    anyhow::ensure!(!result.is_null(), "passwd entry for uid {} not found", uid);
 261
 262    // SAFETY: If `getpwuid_r` doesn't error, we have the entry here.
 263    let entry = unsafe { pwd.assume_init() };
 264
 265    anyhow::ensure!(
 266        status == 0,
 267        "call to getpwuid_r failed. uid: {}, status: {}",
 268        uid,
 269        status
 270    );
 271    anyhow::ensure!(
 272        entry.pw_uid == uid,
 273        "passwd entry has different uid ({}) than getuid ({}) returned",
 274        entry.pw_uid,
 275        uid,
 276    );
 277
 278    let shell = unsafe { std::ffi::CStr::from_ptr(entry.pw_shell).to_str().unwrap() };
 279    if env::var("SHELL").map_or(true, |shell_env| shell_env != shell) {
 280        log::info!(
 281            "updating SHELL environment variable to value from passwd entry: {:?}",
 282            shell,
 283        );
 284        unsafe { env::set_var("SHELL", shell) };
 285    }
 286
 287    Ok(())
 288}
 289
 290#[cfg(unix)]
 291/// Returns a shell escaped path for the current zed executable
 292pub fn get_shell_safe_zed_path() -> anyhow::Result<String> {
 293    use anyhow::Context;
 294
 295    let zed_path = std::env::current_exe()
 296        .context("Failed to determine current zed executable path.")?
 297        .to_string_lossy()
 298        .trim_end_matches(" (deleted)") // see https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/69343
 299        .to_string();
 300
 301    // As of writing, this can only be fail if the path contains a null byte, which shouldn't be possible
 302    // but shlex has annotated the error as #[non_exhaustive] so we can't make it a compile error if other
 303    // errors are introduced in the future :(
 304    let zed_path_escaped =
 305        shlex::try_quote(&zed_path).context("Failed to shell-escape Zed executable path.")?;
 306
 307    Ok(zed_path_escaped.to_string())
 308}
 309
 310#[cfg(unix)]
 311pub async fn load_login_shell_environment() -> Result<()> {
 312    load_shell_from_passwd().log_err();
 313
 314    // If possible, we want to `cd` in the user's `$HOME` to trigger programs
 315    // such as direnv, asdf, mise, ... to adjust the PATH. These tools often hook
 316    // into shell's `cd` command (and hooks) to manipulate env.
 317    // We do this so that we get the env a user would have when spawning a shell
 318    // in home directory.
 319    for (name, value) in shell_env::capture(paths::home_dir()).await? {
 320        unsafe { env::set_var(&name, &value) };
 321    }
 322
 323    log::info!(
 324        "set environment variables from shell:{}, path:{}",
 325        std::env::var("SHELL").unwrap_or_default(),
 326        std::env::var("PATH").unwrap_or_default(),
 327    );
 328
 329    Ok(())
 330}
 331
 332/// Configures the process to start a new session, to prevent interactive shells from taking control
 333/// of the terminal.
 334///
 335/// For more details: <https://registerspill.thorstenball.com/p/how-to-lose-control-of-your-shell>
 336pub fn set_pre_exec_to_start_new_session(
 337    command: &mut std::process::Command,
 338) -> &mut std::process::Command {
 339    // safety: code in pre_exec should be signal safe.
 340    // https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/signal-safety.7.html
 341    #[cfg(not(target_os = "windows"))]
 342    unsafe {
 343        use std::os::unix::process::CommandExt;
 344        command.pre_exec(|| {
 345            libc::setsid();
 346            Ok(())
 347        });
 348    };
 349    command
 350}
 351
 352pub fn merge_json_lenient_value_into(
 353    source: serde_json_lenient::Value,
 354    target: &mut serde_json_lenient::Value,
 355) {
 356    match (source, target) {
 357        (serde_json_lenient::Value::Object(source), serde_json_lenient::Value::Object(target)) => {
 358            for (key, value) in source {
 359                if let Some(target) = target.get_mut(&key) {
 360                    merge_json_lenient_value_into(value, target);
 361                } else {
 362                    target.insert(key, value);
 363                }
 364            }
 365        }
 366
 367        (serde_json_lenient::Value::Array(source), serde_json_lenient::Value::Array(target)) => {
 368            for value in source {
 369                target.push(value);
 370            }
 371        }
 372
 373        (source, target) => *target = source,
 374    }
 375}
 376
 377pub fn merge_json_value_into(source: serde_json::Value, target: &mut serde_json::Value) {
 378    use serde_json::Value;
 379
 380    match (source, target) {
 381        (Value::Object(source), Value::Object(target)) => {
 382            for (key, value) in source {
 383                if let Some(target) = target.get_mut(&key) {
 384                    merge_json_value_into(value, target);
 385                } else {
 386                    target.insert(key, value);
 387                }
 388            }
 389        }
 390
 391        (Value::Array(source), Value::Array(target)) => {
 392            for value in source {
 393                target.push(value);
 394            }
 395        }
 396
 397        (source, target) => *target = source,
 398    }
 399}
 400
 401pub fn merge_non_null_json_value_into(source: serde_json::Value, target: &mut serde_json::Value) {
 402    use serde_json::Value;
 403    if let Value::Object(source_object) = source {
 404        let target_object = if let Value::Object(target) = target {
 405            target
 406        } else {
 407            *target = Value::Object(Default::default());
 408            target.as_object_mut().unwrap()
 409        };
 410        for (key, value) in source_object {
 411            if let Some(target) = target_object.get_mut(&key) {
 412                merge_non_null_json_value_into(value, target);
 413            } else if !value.is_null() {
 414                target_object.insert(key, value);
 415            }
 416        }
 417    } else if !source.is_null() {
 418        *target = source
 419    }
 420}
 421
 422pub fn measure<R>(label: &str, f: impl FnOnce() -> R) -> R {
 423    static ZED_MEASUREMENTS: OnceLock<bool> = OnceLock::new();
 424    let zed_measurements = ZED_MEASUREMENTS.get_or_init(|| {
 425        env::var("ZED_MEASUREMENTS")
 426            .map(|measurements| measurements == "1" || measurements == "true")
 427            .unwrap_or(false)
 428    });
 429
 430    if *zed_measurements {
 431        let start = Instant::now();
 432        let result = f();
 433        let elapsed = start.elapsed();
 434        eprintln!("{}: {:?}", label, elapsed);
 435        result
 436    } else {
 437        f()
 438    }
 439}
 440
 441pub fn expanded_and_wrapped_usize_range(
 442    range: Range<usize>,
 443    additional_before: usize,
 444    additional_after: usize,
 445    wrap_length: usize,
 446) -> impl Iterator<Item = usize> {
 447    let start_wraps = range.start < additional_before;
 448    let end_wraps = wrap_length < range.end + additional_after;
 449    if start_wraps && end_wraps {
 450        Either::Left(0..wrap_length)
 451    } else if start_wraps {
 452        let wrapped_start = (range.start + wrap_length).saturating_sub(additional_before);
 453        if wrapped_start <= range.end {
 454            Either::Left(0..wrap_length)
 455        } else {
 456            Either::Right((0..range.end + additional_after).chain(wrapped_start..wrap_length))
 457        }
 458    } else if end_wraps {
 459        let wrapped_end = range.end + additional_after - wrap_length;
 460        if range.start <= wrapped_end {
 461            Either::Left(0..wrap_length)
 462        } else {
 463            Either::Right((0..wrapped_end).chain(range.start - additional_before..wrap_length))
 464        }
 465    } else {
 466        Either::Left((range.start - additional_before)..(range.end + additional_after))
 467    }
 468}
 469
 470/// Yields `[i, i + 1, i - 1, i + 2, ..]`, each modulo `wrap_length` and bounded by
 471/// `additional_before` and `additional_after`. If the wrapping causes overlap, duplicates are not
 472/// emitted. If wrap_length is 0, nothing is yielded.
 473pub fn wrapped_usize_outward_from(
 474    start: usize,
 475    additional_before: usize,
 476    additional_after: usize,
 477    wrap_length: usize,
 478) -> impl Iterator<Item = usize> {
 479    let mut count = 0;
 480    let mut after_offset = 1;
 481    let mut before_offset = 1;
 482
 483    std::iter::from_fn(move || {
 484        count += 1;
 485        if count > wrap_length {
 486            None
 487        } else if count == 1 {
 488            Some(start % wrap_length)
 489        } else if after_offset <= additional_after && after_offset <= before_offset {
 490            let value = (start + after_offset) % wrap_length;
 491            after_offset += 1;
 492            Some(value)
 493        } else if before_offset <= additional_before {
 494            let value = (start + wrap_length - before_offset) % wrap_length;
 495            before_offset += 1;
 496            Some(value)
 497        } else if after_offset <= additional_after {
 498            let value = (start + after_offset) % wrap_length;
 499            after_offset += 1;
 500            Some(value)
 501        } else {
 502            None
 503        }
 504    })
 505}
 506
 507#[cfg(target_os = "windows")]
 508pub fn get_windows_system_shell() -> String {
 509    use std::path::PathBuf;
 510
 511    fn find_pwsh_in_programfiles(find_alternate: bool, find_preview: bool) -> Option<PathBuf> {
 512        #[cfg(target_pointer_width = "64")]
 513        let env_var = if find_alternate {
 514            "ProgramFiles(x86)"
 515        } else {
 516            "ProgramFiles"
 517        };
 518
 519        #[cfg(target_pointer_width = "32")]
 520        let env_var = if find_alternate {
 521            "ProgramW6432"
 522        } else {
 523            "ProgramFiles"
 524        };
 525
 526        let install_base_dir = PathBuf::from(std::env::var_os(env_var)?).join("PowerShell");
 527        install_base_dir
 528            .read_dir()
 529            .ok()?
 530            .filter_map(Result::ok)
 531            .filter(|entry| matches!(entry.file_type(), Ok(ft) if ft.is_dir()))
 532            .filter_map(|entry| {
 533                let dir_name = entry.file_name();
 534                let dir_name = dir_name.to_string_lossy();
 535
 536                let version = if find_preview {
 537                    let dash_index = dir_name.find('-')?;
 538                    if &dir_name[dash_index + 1..] != "preview" {
 539                        return None;
 540                    };
 541                    dir_name[..dash_index].parse::<u32>().ok()?
 542                } else {
 543                    dir_name.parse::<u32>().ok()?
 544                };
 545
 546                let exe_path = entry.path().join("pwsh.exe");
 547                if exe_path.exists() {
 548                    Some((version, exe_path))
 549                } else {
 550                    None
 551                }
 552            })
 553            .max_by_key(|(version, _)| *version)
 554            .map(|(_, path)| path)
 555    }
 556
 557    fn find_pwsh_in_msix(find_preview: bool) -> Option<PathBuf> {
 558        let msix_app_dir =
 559            PathBuf::from(std::env::var_os("LOCALAPPDATA")?).join("Microsoft\\WindowsApps");
 560        if !msix_app_dir.exists() {
 561            return None;
 562        }
 563
 564        let prefix = if find_preview {
 565            "Microsoft.PowerShellPreview_"
 566        } else {
 567            "Microsoft.PowerShell_"
 568        };
 569        msix_app_dir
 570            .read_dir()
 571            .ok()?
 572            .filter_map(|entry| {
 573                let entry = entry.ok()?;
 574                if !matches!(entry.file_type(), Ok(ft) if ft.is_dir()) {
 575                    return None;
 576                }
 577
 578                if !entry.file_name().to_string_lossy().starts_with(prefix) {
 579                    return None;
 580                }
 581
 582                let exe_path = entry.path().join("pwsh.exe");
 583                exe_path.exists().then_some(exe_path)
 584            })
 585            .next()
 586    }
 587
 588    fn find_pwsh_in_scoop() -> Option<PathBuf> {
 589        let pwsh_exe =
 590            PathBuf::from(std::env::var_os("USERPROFILE")?).join("scoop\\shims\\pwsh.exe");
 591        pwsh_exe.exists().then_some(pwsh_exe)
 592    }
 593
 594    static SYSTEM_SHELL: LazyLock<String> = LazyLock::new(|| {
 595        find_pwsh_in_programfiles(false, false)
 596            .or_else(|| find_pwsh_in_programfiles(true, false))
 597            .or_else(|| find_pwsh_in_msix(false))
 598            .or_else(|| find_pwsh_in_programfiles(false, true))
 599            .or_else(|| find_pwsh_in_msix(true))
 600            .or_else(|| find_pwsh_in_programfiles(true, true))
 601            .or_else(find_pwsh_in_scoop)
 602            .map(|p| p.to_string_lossy().into_owned())
 603            .unwrap_or("powershell.exe".to_string())
 604    });
 605
 606    (*SYSTEM_SHELL).clone()
 607}
 608
 609pub trait ResultExt<E> {
 610    type Ok;
 611
 612    fn log_err(self) -> Option<Self::Ok>;
 613    /// Assert that this result should never be an error in development or tests.
 614    fn debug_assert_ok(self, reason: &str) -> Self;
 615    fn warn_on_err(self) -> Option<Self::Ok>;
 616    fn log_with_level(self, level: log::Level) -> Option<Self::Ok>;
 617    fn anyhow(self) -> anyhow::Result<Self::Ok>
 618    where
 619        E: Into<anyhow::Error>;
 620}
 621
 622impl<T, E> ResultExt<E> for Result<T, E>
 623where
 624    E: std::fmt::Debug,
 625{
 626    type Ok = T;
 627
 628    #[track_caller]
 629    fn log_err(self) -> Option<T> {
 630        self.log_with_level(log::Level::Error)
 631    }
 632
 633    #[track_caller]
 634    fn debug_assert_ok(self, reason: &str) -> Self {
 635        if let Err(error) = &self {
 636            debug_panic!("{reason} - {error:?}");
 637        }
 638        self
 639    }
 640
 641    #[track_caller]
 642    fn warn_on_err(self) -> Option<T> {
 643        self.log_with_level(log::Level::Warn)
 644    }
 645
 646    #[track_caller]
 647    fn log_with_level(self, level: log::Level) -> Option<T> {
 648        match self {
 649            Ok(value) => Some(value),
 650            Err(error) => {
 651                log_error_with_caller(*Location::caller(), error, level);
 652                None
 653            }
 654        }
 655    }
 656
 657    fn anyhow(self) -> anyhow::Result<T>
 658    where
 659        E: Into<anyhow::Error>,
 660    {
 661        self.map_err(Into::into)
 662    }
 663}
 664
 665fn log_error_with_caller<E>(caller: core::panic::Location<'_>, error: E, level: log::Level)
 666where
 667    E: std::fmt::Debug,
 668{
 669    #[cfg(not(target_os = "windows"))]
 670    let file = caller.file();
 671    #[cfg(target_os = "windows")]
 672    let file = caller.file().replace('\\', "/");
 673    // In this codebase all crates reside in a `crates` directory,
 674    // so discard the prefix up to that segment to find the crate name
 675    let target = file
 676        .split_once("crates/")
 677        .and_then(|(_, s)| s.split_once('/'))
 678        .map(|(p, _)| p);
 679
 680    log::logger().log(
 681        &log::Record::builder()
 682            .target(target.unwrap_or(""))
 683            .module_path(target)
 684            .args(format_args!("{:?}", error))
 685            .file(Some(caller.file()))
 686            .line(Some(caller.line()))
 687            .level(level)
 688            .build(),
 689    );
 690}
 691
 692pub fn log_err<E: std::fmt::Debug>(error: &E) {
 693    log_error_with_caller(*Location::caller(), error, log::Level::Warn);
 694}
 695
 696pub trait TryFutureExt {
 697    fn log_err(self) -> LogErrorFuture<Self>
 698    where
 699        Self: Sized;
 700
 701    fn log_tracked_err(self, location: core::panic::Location<'static>) -> LogErrorFuture<Self>
 702    where
 703        Self: Sized;
 704
 705    fn warn_on_err(self) -> LogErrorFuture<Self>
 706    where
 707        Self: Sized;
 708    fn unwrap(self) -> UnwrapFuture<Self>
 709    where
 710        Self: Sized;
 711}
 712
 713impl<F, T, E> TryFutureExt for F
 714where
 715    F: Future<Output = Result<T, E>>,
 716    E: std::fmt::Debug,
 717{
 718    #[track_caller]
 719    fn log_err(self) -> LogErrorFuture<Self>
 720    where
 721        Self: Sized,
 722    {
 723        let location = Location::caller();
 724        LogErrorFuture(self, log::Level::Error, *location)
 725    }
 726
 727    fn log_tracked_err(self, location: core::panic::Location<'static>) -> LogErrorFuture<Self>
 728    where
 729        Self: Sized,
 730    {
 731        LogErrorFuture(self, log::Level::Error, location)
 732    }
 733
 734    #[track_caller]
 735    fn warn_on_err(self) -> LogErrorFuture<Self>
 736    where
 737        Self: Sized,
 738    {
 739        let location = Location::caller();
 740        LogErrorFuture(self, log::Level::Warn, *location)
 741    }
 742
 743    fn unwrap(self) -> UnwrapFuture<Self>
 744    where
 745        Self: Sized,
 746    {
 747        UnwrapFuture(self)
 748    }
 749}
 750
 751#[must_use]
 752pub struct LogErrorFuture<F>(F, log::Level, core::panic::Location<'static>);
 753
 754impl<F, T, E> Future for LogErrorFuture<F>
 755where
 756    F: Future<Output = Result<T, E>>,
 757    E: std::fmt::Debug,
 758{
 759    type Output = Option<T>;
 760
 761    fn poll(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context) -> Poll<Self::Output> {
 762        let level = self.1;
 763        let location = self.2;
 764        let inner = unsafe { Pin::new_unchecked(&mut self.get_unchecked_mut().0) };
 765        match inner.poll(cx) {
 766            Poll::Ready(output) => Poll::Ready(match output {
 767                Ok(output) => Some(output),
 768                Err(error) => {
 769                    log_error_with_caller(location, error, level);
 770                    None
 771                }
 772            }),
 773            Poll::Pending => Poll::Pending,
 774        }
 775    }
 776}
 777
 778pub struct UnwrapFuture<F>(F);
 779
 780impl<F, T, E> Future for UnwrapFuture<F>
 781where
 782    F: Future<Output = Result<T, E>>,
 783    E: std::fmt::Debug,
 784{
 785    type Output = T;
 786
 787    fn poll(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context) -> Poll<Self::Output> {
 788        let inner = unsafe { Pin::new_unchecked(&mut self.get_unchecked_mut().0) };
 789        match inner.poll(cx) {
 790            Poll::Ready(result) => Poll::Ready(result.unwrap()),
 791            Poll::Pending => Poll::Pending,
 792        }
 793    }
 794}
 795
 796pub struct Deferred<F: FnOnce()>(Option<F>);
 797
 798impl<F: FnOnce()> Deferred<F> {
 799    /// Drop without running the deferred function.
 800    pub fn abort(mut self) {
 801        self.0.take();
 802    }
 803}
 804
 805impl<F: FnOnce()> Drop for Deferred<F> {
 806    fn drop(&mut self) {
 807        if let Some(f) = self.0.take() {
 808            f()
 809        }
 810    }
 811}
 812
 813/// Run the given function when the returned value is dropped (unless it's cancelled).
 814#[must_use]
 815pub fn defer<F: FnOnce()>(f: F) -> Deferred<F> {
 816    Deferred(Some(f))
 817}
 818
 819#[cfg(any(test, feature = "test-support"))]
 820mod rng {
 821    use rand::prelude::*;
 822
 823    pub struct RandomCharIter<T: Rng> {
 824        rng: T,
 825        simple_text: bool,
 826    }
 827
 828    impl<T: Rng> RandomCharIter<T> {
 829        pub fn new(rng: T) -> Self {
 830            Self {
 831                rng,
 832                simple_text: std::env::var("SIMPLE_TEXT").is_ok_and(|v| !v.is_empty()),
 833            }
 834        }
 835
 836        pub fn with_simple_text(mut self) -> Self {
 837            self.simple_text = true;
 838            self
 839        }
 840    }
 841
 842    impl<T: Rng> Iterator for RandomCharIter<T> {
 843        type Item = char;
 844
 845        fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
 846            if self.simple_text {
 847                return if self.rng.random_range(0..100) < 5 {
 848                    Some('\n')
 849                } else {
 850                    Some(self.rng.random_range(b'a'..b'z' + 1).into())
 851                };
 852            }
 853
 854            match self.rng.random_range(0..100) {
 855                // whitespace
 856                0..=19 => [' ', '\n', '\r', '\t'].choose(&mut self.rng).copied(),
 857                // two-byte greek letters
 858                20..=32 => char::from_u32(self.rng.random_range(('Ξ±' as u32)..('Ο‰' as u32 + 1))),
 859                // // three-byte characters
 860                33..=45 => ['βœ‹', 'βœ…', '❌', '❎', '⭐']
 861                    .choose(&mut self.rng)
 862                    .copied(),
 863                // // four-byte characters
 864                46..=58 => ['🍐', 'πŸ€', 'πŸ—', 'πŸŽ‰'].choose(&mut self.rng).copied(),
 865                // ascii letters
 866                _ => Some(self.rng.random_range(b'a'..b'z' + 1).into()),
 867            }
 868        }
 869    }
 870}
 871#[cfg(any(test, feature = "test-support"))]
 872pub use rng::RandomCharIter;
 873
 874/// Get an embedded file as a string.
 875pub fn asset_str<A: rust_embed::RustEmbed>(path: &str) -> Cow<'static, str> {
 876    match A::get(path).expect(path).data {
 877        Cow::Borrowed(bytes) => Cow::Borrowed(std::str::from_utf8(bytes).unwrap()),
 878        Cow::Owned(bytes) => Cow::Owned(String::from_utf8(bytes).unwrap()),
 879    }
 880}
 881
 882/// Expands to an immediately-invoked function expression. Good for using the ? operator
 883/// in functions which do not return an Option or Result.
 884///
 885/// Accepts a normal block, an async block, or an async move block.
 886#[macro_export]
 887macro_rules! maybe {
 888    ($block:block) => {
 889        (|| $block)()
 890    };
 891    (async $block:block) => {
 892        (async || $block)()
 893    };
 894    (async move $block:block) => {
 895        (async move || $block)()
 896    };
 897}
 898
 899pub trait RangeExt<T> {
 900    fn sorted(&self) -> Self;
 901    fn to_inclusive(&self) -> RangeInclusive<T>;
 902    fn overlaps(&self, other: &Range<T>) -> bool;
 903    fn contains_inclusive(&self, other: &Range<T>) -> bool;
 904}
 905
 906impl<T: Ord + Clone> RangeExt<T> for Range<T> {
 907    fn sorted(&self) -> Self {
 908        cmp::min(&self.start, &self.end).clone()..cmp::max(&self.start, &self.end).clone()
 909    }
 910
 911    fn to_inclusive(&self) -> RangeInclusive<T> {
 912        self.start.clone()..=self.end.clone()
 913    }
 914
 915    fn overlaps(&self, other: &Range<T>) -> bool {
 916        self.start < other.end && other.start < self.end
 917    }
 918
 919    fn contains_inclusive(&self, other: &Range<T>) -> bool {
 920        self.start <= other.start && other.end <= self.end
 921    }
 922}
 923
 924impl<T: Ord + Clone> RangeExt<T> for RangeInclusive<T> {
 925    fn sorted(&self) -> Self {
 926        cmp::min(self.start(), self.end()).clone()..=cmp::max(self.start(), self.end()).clone()
 927    }
 928
 929    fn to_inclusive(&self) -> RangeInclusive<T> {
 930        self.clone()
 931    }
 932
 933    fn overlaps(&self, other: &Range<T>) -> bool {
 934        self.start() < &other.end && &other.start <= self.end()
 935    }
 936
 937    fn contains_inclusive(&self, other: &Range<T>) -> bool {
 938        self.start() <= &other.start && &other.end <= self.end()
 939    }
 940}
 941
 942/// A way to sort strings with starting numbers numerically first, falling back to alphanumeric one,
 943/// case-insensitive.
 944///
 945/// This is useful for turning regular alphanumerically sorted sequences as `1-abc, 10, 11-def, .., 2, 21-abc`
 946/// into `1-abc, 2, 10, 11-def, .., 21-abc`
 947#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
 948pub struct NumericPrefixWithSuffix<'a>(Option<u64>, &'a str);
 949
 950impl<'a> NumericPrefixWithSuffix<'a> {
 951    pub fn from_numeric_prefixed_str(str: &'a str) -> Self {
 952        let i = str.chars().take_while(|c| c.is_ascii_digit()).count();
 953        let (prefix, remainder) = str.split_at(i);
 954
 955        let prefix = prefix.parse().ok();
 956        Self(prefix, remainder)
 957    }
 958}
 959
 960/// When dealing with equality, we need to consider the case of the strings to achieve strict equality
 961/// to handle cases like "a" < "A" instead of "a" == "A".
 962impl Ord for NumericPrefixWithSuffix<'_> {
 963    fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Ordering {
 964        match (self.0, other.0) {
 965            (None, None) => UniCase::new(self.1)
 966                .cmp(&UniCase::new(other.1))
 967                .then_with(|| self.1.cmp(other.1).reverse()),
 968            (None, Some(_)) => Ordering::Greater,
 969            (Some(_), None) => Ordering::Less,
 970            (Some(a), Some(b)) => a.cmp(&b).then_with(|| {
 971                UniCase::new(self.1)
 972                    .cmp(&UniCase::new(other.1))
 973                    .then_with(|| self.1.cmp(other.1).reverse())
 974            }),
 975        }
 976    }
 977}
 978
 979impl PartialOrd for NumericPrefixWithSuffix<'_> {
 980    fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<Ordering> {
 981        Some(self.cmp(other))
 982    }
 983}
 984
 985/// Capitalizes the first character of a string.
 986///
 987/// This function takes a string slice as input and returns a new `String` with the first character
 988/// capitalized.
 989///
 990/// # Examples
 991///
 992/// ```
 993/// use util::capitalize;
 994///
 995/// assert_eq!(capitalize("hello"), "Hello");
 996/// assert_eq!(capitalize("WORLD"), "WORLD");
 997/// assert_eq!(capitalize(""), "");
 998/// ```
 999pub fn capitalize(str: &str) -> String {
1000    let mut chars = str.chars();
1001    match chars.next() {
1002        None => String::new(),
1003        Some(first_char) => first_char.to_uppercase().collect::<String>() + chars.as_str(),
1004    }
1005}
1006
1007fn emoji_regex() -> &'static Regex {
1008    static EMOJI_REGEX: LazyLock<Regex> =
1009        LazyLock::new(|| Regex::new("(\\p{Emoji}|\u{200D})").unwrap());
1010    &EMOJI_REGEX
1011}
1012
1013/// Returns true if the given string consists of emojis only.
1014/// E.g. "πŸ‘¨β€πŸ‘©β€πŸ‘§β€πŸ‘§πŸ‘‹" will return true, but "πŸ‘‹!" will return false.
1015pub fn word_consists_of_emojis(s: &str) -> bool {
1016    let mut prev_end = 0;
1017    for capture in emoji_regex().find_iter(s) {
1018        if capture.start() != prev_end {
1019            return false;
1020        }
1021        prev_end = capture.end();
1022    }
1023    prev_end == s.len()
1024}
1025
1026/// Similar to `str::split`, but also provides byte-offset ranges of the results. Unlike
1027/// `str::split`, this is not generic on pattern types and does not return an `Iterator`.
1028pub fn split_str_with_ranges(s: &str, pat: impl Fn(char) -> bool) -> Vec<(Range<usize>, &str)> {
1029    let mut result = Vec::new();
1030    let mut start = 0;
1031
1032    for (i, ch) in s.char_indices() {
1033        if pat(ch) {
1034            if i > start {
1035                result.push((start..i, &s[start..i]));
1036            }
1037            start = i + ch.len_utf8();
1038        }
1039    }
1040
1041    if s.len() > start {
1042        result.push((start..s.len(), &s[start..s.len()]));
1043    }
1044
1045    result
1046}
1047
1048pub fn default<D: Default>() -> D {
1049    Default::default()
1050}
1051
1052pub fn get_system_shell() -> String {
1053    #[cfg(target_os = "windows")]
1054    {
1055        get_windows_system_shell()
1056    }
1057
1058    #[cfg(not(target_os = "windows"))]
1059    {
1060        std::env::var("SHELL").unwrap_or("/bin/sh".to_string())
1061    }
1062}
1063
1064pub fn get_default_system_shell() -> String {
1065    #[cfg(target_os = "windows")]
1066    {
1067        get_windows_system_shell()
1068    }
1069
1070    #[cfg(not(target_os = "windows"))]
1071    {
1072        "/bin/sh".to_string()
1073    }
1074}
1075
1076#[derive(Debug)]
1077pub enum ConnectionResult<O> {
1078    Timeout,
1079    ConnectionReset,
1080    Result(anyhow::Result<O>),
1081}
1082
1083impl<O> ConnectionResult<O> {
1084    pub fn into_response(self) -> anyhow::Result<O> {
1085        match self {
1086            ConnectionResult::Timeout => anyhow::bail!("Request timed out"),
1087            ConnectionResult::ConnectionReset => anyhow::bail!("Server reset the connection"),
1088            ConnectionResult::Result(r) => r,
1089        }
1090    }
1091}
1092
1093impl<O> From<anyhow::Result<O>> for ConnectionResult<O> {
1094    fn from(result: anyhow::Result<O>) -> Self {
1095        ConnectionResult::Result(result)
1096    }
1097}
1098
1099#[track_caller]
1100pub fn some_or_debug_panic<T>(option: Option<T>) -> Option<T> {
1101    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
1102    if option.is_none() {
1103        panic!("Unexpected None");
1104    }
1105    option
1106}
1107
1108#[cfg(test)]
1109mod tests {
1110    use super::*;
1111
1112    #[test]
1113    fn test_extend_sorted() {
1114        let mut vec = vec![];
1115
1116        extend_sorted(&mut vec, vec![21, 17, 13, 8, 1, 0], 5, |a, b| b.cmp(a));
1117        assert_eq!(vec, &[21, 17, 13, 8, 1]);
1118
1119        extend_sorted(&mut vec, vec![101, 19, 17, 8, 2], 8, |a, b| b.cmp(a));
1120        assert_eq!(vec, &[101, 21, 19, 17, 13, 8, 2, 1]);
1121
1122        extend_sorted(&mut vec, vec![1000, 19, 17, 9, 5], 8, |a, b| b.cmp(a));
1123        assert_eq!(vec, &[1000, 101, 21, 19, 17, 13, 9, 8]);
1124    }
1125
1126    #[test]
1127    fn test_truncate_to_bottom_n_sorted_by() {
1128        let mut vec: Vec<u32> = vec![5, 2, 3, 4, 1];
1129        truncate_to_bottom_n_sorted_by(&mut vec, 10, &u32::cmp);
1130        assert_eq!(vec, &[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
1131
1132        vec = vec![5, 2, 3, 4, 1];
1133        truncate_to_bottom_n_sorted_by(&mut vec, 5, &u32::cmp);
1134        assert_eq!(vec, &[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
1135
1136        vec = vec![5, 2, 3, 4, 1];
1137        truncate_to_bottom_n_sorted_by(&mut vec, 4, &u32::cmp);
1138        assert_eq!(vec, &[1, 2, 3, 4]);
1139
1140        vec = vec![5, 2, 3, 4, 1];
1141        truncate_to_bottom_n_sorted_by(&mut vec, 1, &u32::cmp);
1142        assert_eq!(vec, &[1]);
1143
1144        vec = vec![5, 2, 3, 4, 1];
1145        truncate_to_bottom_n_sorted_by(&mut vec, 0, &u32::cmp);
1146        assert!(vec.is_empty());
1147    }
1148
1149    #[test]
1150    fn test_iife() {
1151        fn option_returning_function() -> Option<()> {
1152            None
1153        }
1154
1155        let foo = maybe!({
1156            option_returning_function()?;
1157            Some(())
1158        });
1159
1160        assert_eq!(foo, None);
1161    }
1162
1163    #[test]
1164    fn test_truncate_and_trailoff() {
1165        assert_eq!(truncate_and_trailoff("", 5), "");
1166        assert_eq!(truncate_and_trailoff("aaaaaa", 7), "aaaaaa");
1167        assert_eq!(truncate_and_trailoff("aaaaaa", 6), "aaaaaa");
1168        assert_eq!(truncate_and_trailoff("aaaaaa", 5), "aaaaa…");
1169        assert_eq!(truncate_and_trailoff("èèèèèè", 7), "èèèèèè");
1170        assert_eq!(truncate_and_trailoff("èèèèèè", 6), "èèèèèè");
1171        assert_eq!(truncate_and_trailoff("èèèèèè", 5), "èèèèè…");
1172    }
1173
1174    #[test]
1175    fn test_truncate_and_remove_front() {
1176        assert_eq!(truncate_and_remove_front("", 5), "");
1177        assert_eq!(truncate_and_remove_front("aaaaaa", 7), "aaaaaa");
1178        assert_eq!(truncate_and_remove_front("aaaaaa", 6), "aaaaaa");
1179        assert_eq!(truncate_and_remove_front("aaaaaa", 5), "…aaaaa");
1180        assert_eq!(truncate_and_remove_front("èèèèèè", 7), "èèèèèè");
1181        assert_eq!(truncate_and_remove_front("èèèèèè", 6), "èèèèèè");
1182        assert_eq!(truncate_and_remove_front("èèèèèè", 5), "…èèèèè");
1183    }
1184
1185    #[test]
1186    fn test_numeric_prefix_str_method() {
1187        let target = "1a";
1188        assert_eq!(
1189            NumericPrefixWithSuffix::from_numeric_prefixed_str(target),
1190            NumericPrefixWithSuffix(Some(1), "a")
1191        );
1192
1193        let target = "12ab";
1194        assert_eq!(
1195            NumericPrefixWithSuffix::from_numeric_prefixed_str(target),
1196            NumericPrefixWithSuffix(Some(12), "ab")
1197        );
1198
1199        let target = "12_ab";
1200        assert_eq!(
1201            NumericPrefixWithSuffix::from_numeric_prefixed_str(target),
1202            NumericPrefixWithSuffix(Some(12), "_ab")
1203        );
1204
1205        let target = "1_2ab";
1206        assert_eq!(
1207            NumericPrefixWithSuffix::from_numeric_prefixed_str(target),
1208            NumericPrefixWithSuffix(Some(1), "_2ab")
1209        );
1210
1211        let target = "1.2";
1212        assert_eq!(
1213            NumericPrefixWithSuffix::from_numeric_prefixed_str(target),
1214            NumericPrefixWithSuffix(Some(1), ".2")
1215        );
1216
1217        let target = "1.2_a";
1218        assert_eq!(
1219            NumericPrefixWithSuffix::from_numeric_prefixed_str(target),
1220            NumericPrefixWithSuffix(Some(1), ".2_a")
1221        );
1222
1223        let target = "12.2_a";
1224        assert_eq!(
1225            NumericPrefixWithSuffix::from_numeric_prefixed_str(target),
1226            NumericPrefixWithSuffix(Some(12), ".2_a")
1227        );
1228
1229        let target = "12a.2_a";
1230        assert_eq!(
1231            NumericPrefixWithSuffix::from_numeric_prefixed_str(target),
1232            NumericPrefixWithSuffix(Some(12), "a.2_a")
1233        );
1234    }
1235
1236    #[test]
1237    fn test_numeric_prefix_with_suffix() {
1238        let mut sorted = vec!["1-abc", "10", "11def", "2", "21-abc"];
1239        sorted.sort_by_key(|s| NumericPrefixWithSuffix::from_numeric_prefixed_str(s));
1240        assert_eq!(sorted, ["1-abc", "2", "10", "11def", "21-abc"]);
1241
1242        for numeric_prefix_less in ["numeric_prefix_less", "aaa", "~β„’Β£"] {
1243            assert_eq!(
1244                NumericPrefixWithSuffix::from_numeric_prefixed_str(numeric_prefix_less),
1245                NumericPrefixWithSuffix(None, numeric_prefix_less),
1246                "String without numeric prefix `{numeric_prefix_less}` should not be converted into NumericPrefixWithSuffix"
1247            )
1248        }
1249    }
1250
1251    #[test]
1252    fn test_word_consists_of_emojis() {
1253        let words_to_test = vec![
1254            ("πŸ‘¨β€πŸ‘©β€πŸ‘§β€πŸ‘§πŸ‘‹πŸ₯’", true),
1255            ("πŸ‘‹", true),
1256            ("!πŸ‘‹", false),
1257            ("πŸ‘‹!", false),
1258            ("πŸ‘‹ ", false),
1259            (" πŸ‘‹", false),
1260            ("Test", false),
1261        ];
1262
1263        for (text, expected_result) in words_to_test {
1264            assert_eq!(word_consists_of_emojis(text), expected_result);
1265        }
1266    }
1267
1268    #[test]
1269    fn test_truncate_lines_and_trailoff() {
1270        let text = r#"Line 1
1271Line 2
1272Line 3"#;
1273
1274        assert_eq!(
1275            truncate_lines_and_trailoff(text, 2),
1276            r#"Line 1
1277…"#
1278        );
1279
1280        assert_eq!(
1281            truncate_lines_and_trailoff(text, 3),
1282            r#"Line 1
1283Line 2
1284…"#
1285        );
1286
1287        assert_eq!(
1288            truncate_lines_and_trailoff(text, 4),
1289            r#"Line 1
1290Line 2
1291Line 3"#
1292        );
1293    }
1294
1295    #[test]
1296    fn test_expanded_and_wrapped_usize_range() {
1297        // Neither wrap
1298        assert_eq!(
1299            expanded_and_wrapped_usize_range(2..4, 1, 1, 8).collect::<Vec<usize>>(),
1300            (1..5).collect::<Vec<usize>>()
1301        );
1302        // Start wraps
1303        assert_eq!(
1304            expanded_and_wrapped_usize_range(2..4, 3, 1, 8).collect::<Vec<usize>>(),
1305            ((0..5).chain(7..8)).collect::<Vec<usize>>()
1306        );
1307        // Start wraps all the way around
1308        assert_eq!(
1309            expanded_and_wrapped_usize_range(2..4, 5, 1, 8).collect::<Vec<usize>>(),
1310            (0..8).collect::<Vec<usize>>()
1311        );
1312        // Start wraps all the way around and past 0
1313        assert_eq!(
1314            expanded_and_wrapped_usize_range(2..4, 10, 1, 8).collect::<Vec<usize>>(),
1315            (0..8).collect::<Vec<usize>>()
1316        );
1317        // End wraps
1318        assert_eq!(
1319            expanded_and_wrapped_usize_range(3..5, 1, 4, 8).collect::<Vec<usize>>(),
1320            (0..1).chain(2..8).collect::<Vec<usize>>()
1321        );
1322        // End wraps all the way around
1323        assert_eq!(
1324            expanded_and_wrapped_usize_range(3..5, 1, 5, 8).collect::<Vec<usize>>(),
1325            (0..8).collect::<Vec<usize>>()
1326        );
1327        // End wraps all the way around and past the end
1328        assert_eq!(
1329            expanded_and_wrapped_usize_range(3..5, 1, 10, 8).collect::<Vec<usize>>(),
1330            (0..8).collect::<Vec<usize>>()
1331        );
1332        // Both start and end wrap
1333        assert_eq!(
1334            expanded_and_wrapped_usize_range(3..5, 4, 4, 8).collect::<Vec<usize>>(),
1335            (0..8).collect::<Vec<usize>>()
1336        );
1337    }
1338
1339    #[test]
1340    fn test_wrapped_usize_outward_from() {
1341        // No wrapping
1342        assert_eq!(
1343            wrapped_usize_outward_from(4, 2, 2, 10).collect::<Vec<usize>>(),
1344            vec![4, 5, 3, 6, 2]
1345        );
1346        // Wrapping at end
1347        assert_eq!(
1348            wrapped_usize_outward_from(8, 2, 3, 10).collect::<Vec<usize>>(),
1349            vec![8, 9, 7, 0, 6, 1]
1350        );
1351        // Wrapping at start
1352        assert_eq!(
1353            wrapped_usize_outward_from(1, 3, 2, 10).collect::<Vec<usize>>(),
1354            vec![1, 2, 0, 3, 9, 8]
1355        );
1356        // All values wrap around
1357        assert_eq!(
1358            wrapped_usize_outward_from(5, 10, 10, 8).collect::<Vec<usize>>(),
1359            vec![5, 6, 4, 7, 3, 0, 2, 1]
1360        );
1361        // None before / after
1362        assert_eq!(
1363            wrapped_usize_outward_from(3, 0, 0, 8).collect::<Vec<usize>>(),
1364            vec![3]
1365        );
1366        // Starting point already wrapped
1367        assert_eq!(
1368            wrapped_usize_outward_from(15, 2, 2, 10).collect::<Vec<usize>>(),
1369            vec![5, 6, 4, 7, 3]
1370        );
1371        // wrap_length of 0
1372        assert_eq!(
1373            wrapped_usize_outward_from(4, 2, 2, 0).collect::<Vec<usize>>(),
1374            Vec::<usize>::new()
1375        );
1376    }
1377
1378    #[test]
1379    fn test_split_with_ranges() {
1380        let input = "hi";
1381        let result = split_str_with_ranges(input, |c| c == ' ');
1382
1383        assert_eq!(result.len(), 1);
1384        assert_eq!(result[0], (0..2, "hi"));
1385
1386        let input = "hΓ©lloπŸ¦€world";
1387        let result = split_str_with_ranges(input, |c| c == 'πŸ¦€');
1388
1389        assert_eq!(result.len(), 2);
1390        assert_eq!(result[0], (0..6, "hΓ©llo")); // 'Γ©' is 2 bytes
1391        assert_eq!(result[1], (10..15, "world")); // 'πŸ¦€' is 4 bytes
1392    }
1393}