window.rs

   1use crate::{
   2    px, size, Action, AnyBox, AnyDrag, AnyView, AppContext, AsyncWindowContext, AvailableSpace,
   3    Bounds, BoxShadow, Context, Corners, DevicePixels, DispatchContext, DisplayId, Edges, Effect,
   4    Entity, EntityId, EventEmitter, FileDropEvent, FocusEvent, FontId, GlobalElementId, GlyphId,
   5    Hsla, ImageData, InputEvent, IsZero, KeyListener, KeyMatch, KeyMatcher, Keystroke, LayoutId,
   6    MainThread, MainThreadOnly, Model, ModelContext, Modifiers, MonochromeSprite, MouseButton,
   7    MouseDownEvent, MouseMoveEvent, MouseUpEvent, Path, Pixels, PlatformAtlas, PlatformWindow,
   8    Point, PolychromeSprite, Quad, Render, RenderGlyphParams, RenderImageParams, RenderSvgParams,
   9    ScaledPixels, SceneBuilder, Shadow, SharedString, Size, Style, Subscription, TaffyLayoutEngine,
  10    Task, Underline, UnderlineStyle, View, VisualContext, WeakView, WindowOptions,
  11    SUBPIXEL_VARIANTS,
  12};
  13use anyhow::{anyhow, Result};
  14use collections::HashMap;
  15use derive_more::{Deref, DerefMut};
  16use parking_lot::RwLock;
  17use slotmap::SlotMap;
  18use smallvec::SmallVec;
  19use std::{
  20    any::{Any, TypeId},
  21    borrow::{Borrow, BorrowMut, Cow},
  22    fmt::Debug,
  23    future::Future,
  24    hash::{Hash, Hasher},
  25    marker::PhantomData,
  26    mem,
  27    sync::{
  28        atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering::SeqCst},
  29        Arc,
  30    },
  31};
  32use util::ResultExt;
  33
  34/// A global stacking order, which is created by stacking successive z-index values.
  35/// Each z-index will always be interpreted in the context of its parent z-index.
  36#[derive(Deref, DerefMut, Ord, PartialOrd, Eq, PartialEq, Clone, Default)]
  37pub(crate) struct StackingOrder(pub(crate) SmallVec<[u32; 16]>);
  38
  39/// Represents the two different phases when dispatching events.
  40#[derive(Default, Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
  41pub enum DispatchPhase {
  42    /// After the capture phase comes the bubble phase, in which mouse event listeners are
  43    /// invoked front to back and keyboard event listeners are invoked from the focused element
  44    /// to the root of the element tree. This is the phase you'll most commonly want to use when
  45    /// registering event listeners.
  46    #[default]
  47    Bubble,
  48    /// During the initial capture phase, mouse event listeners are invoked back to front, and keyboard
  49    /// listeners are invoked from the root of the tree downward toward the focused element. This phase
  50    /// is used for special purposes such as clearing the "pressed" state for click events. If
  51    /// you stop event propagation during this phase, you need to know what you're doing. Handlers
  52    /// outside of the immediate region may rely on detecting non-local events during this phase.
  53    Capture,
  54}
  55
  56type AnyListener = Box<dyn Fn(&dyn Any, DispatchPhase, &mut WindowContext) + Send + 'static>;
  57type AnyKeyListener = Box<
  58    dyn Fn(
  59            &dyn Any,
  60            &[&DispatchContext],
  61            DispatchPhase,
  62            &mut WindowContext,
  63        ) -> Option<Box<dyn Action>>
  64        + Send
  65        + 'static,
  66>;
  67type AnyFocusListener = Box<dyn Fn(&FocusEvent, &mut WindowContext) + Send + 'static>;
  68
  69slotmap::new_key_type! { pub struct FocusId; }
  70
  71/// A handle which can be used to track and manipulate the focused element in a window.
  72pub struct FocusHandle {
  73    pub(crate) id: FocusId,
  74    handles: Arc<RwLock<SlotMap<FocusId, AtomicUsize>>>,
  75}
  76
  77impl FocusHandle {
  78    pub(crate) fn new(handles: &Arc<RwLock<SlotMap<FocusId, AtomicUsize>>>) -> Self {
  79        let id = handles.write().insert(AtomicUsize::new(1));
  80        Self {
  81            id,
  82            handles: handles.clone(),
  83        }
  84    }
  85
  86    pub(crate) fn for_id(
  87        id: FocusId,
  88        handles: &Arc<RwLock<SlotMap<FocusId, AtomicUsize>>>,
  89    ) -> Option<Self> {
  90        let lock = handles.read();
  91        let ref_count = lock.get(id)?;
  92        if ref_count.load(SeqCst) == 0 {
  93            None
  94        } else {
  95            ref_count.fetch_add(1, SeqCst);
  96            Some(Self {
  97                id,
  98                handles: handles.clone(),
  99            })
 100        }
 101    }
 102
 103    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle is currently focused.
 104    pub fn is_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 105        cx.window.focus == Some(self.id)
 106    }
 107
 108    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle contains the focused
 109    /// element or is itself focused.
 110    pub fn contains_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 111        cx.focused()
 112            .map_or(false, |focused| self.contains(&focused, cx))
 113    }
 114
 115    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle is contained within the
 116    /// focused element or is itself focused.
 117    pub fn within_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 118        let focused = cx.focused();
 119        focused.map_or(false, |focused| focused.contains(self, cx))
 120    }
 121
 122    /// Obtains whether this handle contains the given handle in the most recently rendered frame.
 123    pub(crate) fn contains(&self, other: &Self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 124        let mut ancestor = Some(other.id);
 125        while let Some(ancestor_id) = ancestor {
 126            if self.id == ancestor_id {
 127                return true;
 128            } else {
 129                ancestor = cx.window.focus_parents_by_child.get(&ancestor_id).copied();
 130            }
 131        }
 132        false
 133    }
 134}
 135
 136impl Clone for FocusHandle {
 137    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
 138        Self::for_id(self.id, &self.handles).unwrap()
 139    }
 140}
 141
 142impl PartialEq for FocusHandle {
 143    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
 144        self.id == other.id
 145    }
 146}
 147
 148impl Eq for FocusHandle {}
 149
 150impl Drop for FocusHandle {
 151    fn drop(&mut self) {
 152        self.handles
 153            .read()
 154            .get(self.id)
 155            .unwrap()
 156            .fetch_sub(1, SeqCst);
 157    }
 158}
 159
 160// Holds the state for a specific window.
 161pub struct Window {
 162    pub(crate) handle: AnyWindowHandle,
 163    platform_window: MainThreadOnly<Box<dyn PlatformWindow>>,
 164    display_id: DisplayId,
 165    sprite_atlas: Arc<dyn PlatformAtlas>,
 166    rem_size: Pixels,
 167    content_size: Size<Pixels>,
 168    pub(crate) layout_engine: TaffyLayoutEngine,
 169    pub(crate) root_view: Option<AnyView>,
 170    pub(crate) element_id_stack: GlobalElementId,
 171    prev_frame_element_states: HashMap<GlobalElementId, AnyBox>,
 172    element_states: HashMap<GlobalElementId, AnyBox>,
 173    prev_frame_key_matchers: HashMap<GlobalElementId, KeyMatcher>,
 174    key_matchers: HashMap<GlobalElementId, KeyMatcher>,
 175    z_index_stack: StackingOrder,
 176    content_mask_stack: Vec<ContentMask<Pixels>>,
 177    element_offset_stack: Vec<Point<Pixels>>,
 178    mouse_listeners: HashMap<TypeId, Vec<(StackingOrder, AnyListener)>>,
 179    key_dispatch_stack: Vec<KeyDispatchStackFrame>,
 180    freeze_key_dispatch_stack: bool,
 181    focus_stack: Vec<FocusId>,
 182    focus_parents_by_child: HashMap<FocusId, FocusId>,
 183    pub(crate) focus_listeners: Vec<AnyFocusListener>,
 184    pub(crate) focus_handles: Arc<RwLock<SlotMap<FocusId, AtomicUsize>>>,
 185    default_prevented: bool,
 186    mouse_position: Point<Pixels>,
 187    scale_factor: f32,
 188    pub(crate) scene_builder: SceneBuilder,
 189    pub(crate) dirty: bool,
 190    pub(crate) last_blur: Option<Option<FocusId>>,
 191    pub(crate) focus: Option<FocusId>,
 192}
 193
 194impl Window {
 195    pub(crate) fn new(
 196        handle: AnyWindowHandle,
 197        options: WindowOptions,
 198        cx: &mut MainThread<AppContext>,
 199    ) -> Self {
 200        let platform_window = cx.platform().open_window(handle, options);
 201        let display_id = platform_window.display().id();
 202        let sprite_atlas = platform_window.sprite_atlas();
 203        let mouse_position = platform_window.mouse_position();
 204        let content_size = platform_window.content_size();
 205        let scale_factor = platform_window.scale_factor();
 206        platform_window.on_resize(Box::new({
 207            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 208            move |content_size, scale_factor| {
 209                cx.update_window(handle, |_, cx| {
 210                    cx.window.scale_factor = scale_factor;
 211                    cx.window.scene_builder = SceneBuilder::new();
 212                    cx.window.content_size = content_size;
 213                    cx.window.display_id = cx
 214                        .window
 215                        .platform_window
 216                        .borrow_on_main_thread()
 217                        .display()
 218                        .id();
 219                    cx.window.dirty = true;
 220                })
 221                .log_err();
 222            }
 223        }));
 224
 225        platform_window.on_input({
 226            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 227            Box::new(move |event| {
 228                cx.update_window(handle, |_, cx| cx.dispatch_event(event))
 229                    .log_err()
 230                    .unwrap_or(true)
 231            })
 232        });
 233
 234        let platform_window = MainThreadOnly::new(Arc::new(platform_window), cx.executor.clone());
 235
 236        Window {
 237            handle,
 238            platform_window,
 239            display_id,
 240            sprite_atlas,
 241            rem_size: px(16.),
 242            content_size,
 243            layout_engine: TaffyLayoutEngine::new(),
 244            root_view: None,
 245            element_id_stack: GlobalElementId::default(),
 246            prev_frame_element_states: HashMap::default(),
 247            element_states: HashMap::default(),
 248            prev_frame_key_matchers: HashMap::default(),
 249            key_matchers: HashMap::default(),
 250            z_index_stack: StackingOrder(SmallVec::new()),
 251            content_mask_stack: Vec::new(),
 252            element_offset_stack: Vec::new(),
 253            mouse_listeners: HashMap::default(),
 254            key_dispatch_stack: Vec::new(),
 255            freeze_key_dispatch_stack: false,
 256            focus_stack: Vec::new(),
 257            focus_parents_by_child: HashMap::default(),
 258            focus_listeners: Vec::new(),
 259            focus_handles: Arc::new(RwLock::new(SlotMap::with_key())),
 260            default_prevented: true,
 261            mouse_position,
 262            scale_factor,
 263            scene_builder: SceneBuilder::new(),
 264            dirty: true,
 265            last_blur: None,
 266            focus: None,
 267        }
 268    }
 269}
 270
 271/// When constructing the element tree, we maintain a stack of key dispatch frames until we
 272/// find the focused element. We interleave key listeners with dispatch contexts so we can use the
 273/// contexts when matching key events against the keymap.
 274enum KeyDispatchStackFrame {
 275    Listener {
 276        event_type: TypeId,
 277        listener: AnyKeyListener,
 278    },
 279    Context(DispatchContext),
 280}
 281
 282/// Indicates which region of the window is visible. Content falling outside of this mask will not be
 283/// rendered. Currently, only rectangular content masks are supported, but we give the mask its own type
 284/// to leave room to support more complex shapes in the future.
 285#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
 286#[repr(C)]
 287pub struct ContentMask<P: Clone + Default + Debug> {
 288    pub bounds: Bounds<P>,
 289}
 290
 291impl ContentMask<Pixels> {
 292    /// Scale the content mask's pixel units by the given scaling factor.
 293    pub fn scale(&self, factor: f32) -> ContentMask<ScaledPixels> {
 294        ContentMask {
 295            bounds: self.bounds.scale(factor),
 296        }
 297    }
 298
 299    /// Intersect the content mask with the given content mask.
 300    pub fn intersect(&self, other: &Self) -> Self {
 301        let bounds = self.bounds.intersect(&other.bounds);
 302        ContentMask { bounds }
 303    }
 304}
 305
 306/// Provides access to application state in the context of a single window. Derefs
 307/// to an `AppContext`, so you can also pass a `WindowContext` to any method that takes
 308/// an `AppContext` and call any `AppContext` methods.
 309pub struct WindowContext<'a> {
 310    pub(crate) app: &'a mut AppContext,
 311    pub(crate) window: &'a mut Window,
 312}
 313
 314impl<'a> WindowContext<'a> {
 315    pub(crate) fn new(app: &'a mut AppContext, window: &'a mut Window) -> Self {
 316        Self { app, window }
 317    }
 318
 319    /// Obtain a handle to the window that belongs to this context.
 320    pub fn window_handle(&self) -> AnyWindowHandle {
 321        self.window.handle
 322    }
 323
 324    /// Mark the window as dirty, scheduling it to be redrawn on the next frame.
 325    pub fn notify(&mut self) {
 326        self.window.dirty = true;
 327    }
 328
 329    /// Obtain a new `FocusHandle`, which allows you to track and manipulate the keyboard focus
 330    /// for elements rendered within this window.
 331    pub fn focus_handle(&mut self) -> FocusHandle {
 332        FocusHandle::new(&self.window.focus_handles)
 333    }
 334
 335    /// Obtain the currently focused `FocusHandle`. If no elements are focused, returns `None`.
 336    pub fn focused(&self) -> Option<FocusHandle> {
 337        self.window
 338            .focus
 339            .and_then(|id| FocusHandle::for_id(id, &self.window.focus_handles))
 340    }
 341
 342    /// Move focus to the element associated with the given `FocusHandle`.
 343    pub fn focus(&mut self, handle: &FocusHandle) {
 344        if self.window.last_blur.is_none() {
 345            self.window.last_blur = Some(self.window.focus);
 346        }
 347
 348        self.window.focus = Some(handle.id);
 349        self.app.push_effect(Effect::FocusChanged {
 350            window_handle: self.window.handle,
 351            focused: Some(handle.id),
 352        });
 353        self.notify();
 354    }
 355
 356    /// Remove focus from all elements within this context's window.
 357    pub fn blur(&mut self) {
 358        if self.window.last_blur.is_none() {
 359            self.window.last_blur = Some(self.window.focus);
 360        }
 361
 362        self.window.focus = None;
 363        self.app.push_effect(Effect::FocusChanged {
 364            window_handle: self.window.handle,
 365            focused: None,
 366        });
 367        self.notify();
 368    }
 369
 370    /// Schedules the given function to be run at the end of the current effect cycle, allowing entities
 371    /// that are currently on the stack to be returned to the app.
 372    pub fn defer(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut WindowContext) + 'static + Send) {
 373        let window = self.window.handle;
 374        self.app.defer(move |cx| {
 375            cx.update_window(window, |_, cx| f(cx)).ok();
 376        });
 377    }
 378
 379    pub fn subscribe<Emitter, E>(
 380        &mut self,
 381        entity: &E,
 382        mut on_event: impl FnMut(E, &Emitter::Event, &mut WindowContext<'_>) + Send + 'static,
 383    ) -> Subscription
 384    where
 385        Emitter: EventEmitter,
 386        E: Entity<Emitter>,
 387    {
 388        let entity_id = entity.entity_id();
 389        let entity = entity.downgrade();
 390        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
 391        self.app.event_listeners.insert(
 392            entity_id,
 393            Box::new(move |event, cx| {
 394                cx.update_window(window_handle, |_, cx| {
 395                    if let Some(handle) = E::upgrade_from(&entity) {
 396                        let event = event.downcast_ref().expect("invalid event type");
 397                        on_event(handle, event, cx);
 398                        true
 399                    } else {
 400                        false
 401                    }
 402                })
 403                .unwrap_or(false)
 404            }),
 405        )
 406    }
 407
 408    /// Schedule the given closure to be run on the main thread. It will be invoked with
 409    /// a `MainThread<WindowContext>`, which provides access to platform-specific functionality
 410    /// of the window.
 411    pub fn run_on_main<R>(
 412        &mut self,
 413        f: impl FnOnce(&mut MainThread<WindowContext<'_>>) -> R + Send + 'static,
 414    ) -> Task<Result<R>>
 415    where
 416        R: Send + 'static,
 417    {
 418        if self.executor.is_main_thread() {
 419            Task::ready(Ok(f(unsafe {
 420                mem::transmute::<&mut Self, &mut MainThread<Self>>(self)
 421            })))
 422        } else {
 423            let handle = self.window.handle;
 424            self.app
 425                .run_on_main(move |cx| cx.update_window(handle, |_, cx| f(cx)))
 426        }
 427    }
 428
 429    /// Create an `AsyncWindowContext`, which has a static lifetime and can be held across
 430    /// await points in async code.
 431    pub fn to_async(&self) -> AsyncWindowContext {
 432        AsyncWindowContext::new(self.app.to_async(), self.window.handle)
 433    }
 434
 435    /// Schedule the given closure to be run directly after the current frame is rendered.
 436    pub fn on_next_frame(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut WindowContext) + Send + 'static) {
 437        let f = Box::new(f);
 438        let display_id = self.window.display_id;
 439        self.run_on_main(move |cx| {
 440            if let Some(callbacks) = cx.next_frame_callbacks.get_mut(&display_id) {
 441                callbacks.push(f);
 442                // If there was already a callback, it means that we already scheduled a frame.
 443                if callbacks.len() > 1 {
 444                    return;
 445                }
 446            } else {
 447                let mut async_cx = cx.to_async();
 448                cx.next_frame_callbacks.insert(display_id, vec![f]);
 449                cx.platform().set_display_link_output_callback(
 450                    display_id,
 451                    Box::new(move |_current_time, _output_time| {
 452                        let _ = async_cx.update(|_, cx| {
 453                            let callbacks = cx
 454                                .next_frame_callbacks
 455                                .get_mut(&display_id)
 456                                .unwrap()
 457                                .drain(..)
 458                                .collect::<Vec<_>>();
 459                            for callback in callbacks {
 460                                callback(cx);
 461                            }
 462
 463                            cx.run_on_main(move |cx| {
 464                                if cx.next_frame_callbacks.get(&display_id).unwrap().is_empty() {
 465                                    cx.platform().stop_display_link(display_id);
 466                                }
 467                            })
 468                            .detach();
 469                        });
 470                    }),
 471                );
 472            }
 473
 474            cx.platform().start_display_link(display_id);
 475        })
 476        .detach();
 477    }
 478
 479    /// Spawn the future returned by the given closure on the application thread pool.
 480    /// The closure is provided a handle to the current window and an `AsyncWindowContext` for
 481    /// use within your future.
 482    pub fn spawn<Fut, R>(
 483        &mut self,
 484        f: impl FnOnce(AnyWindowHandle, AsyncWindowContext) -> Fut + Send + 'static,
 485    ) -> Task<R>
 486    where
 487        R: Send + 'static,
 488        Fut: Future<Output = R> + Send + 'static,
 489    {
 490        let window = self.window.handle;
 491        self.app.spawn(move |app| {
 492            let cx = AsyncWindowContext::new(app, window);
 493            let future = f(window, cx);
 494            async move { future.await }
 495        })
 496    }
 497
 498    /// Update the global of the given type. The given closure is given simultaneous mutable
 499    /// access both to the global and the context.
 500    pub fn update_global<G, R>(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut G, &mut Self) -> R) -> R
 501    where
 502        G: 'static,
 503    {
 504        let mut global = self.app.lease_global::<G>();
 505        let result = f(&mut global, self);
 506        self.app.end_global_lease(global);
 507        result
 508    }
 509
 510    /// Add a node to the layout tree for the current frame. Takes the `Style` of the element for which
 511    /// layout is being requested, along with the layout ids of any children. This method is called during
 512    /// calls to the `Element::layout` trait method and enables any element to participate in layout.
 513    pub fn request_layout(
 514        &mut self,
 515        style: &Style,
 516        children: impl IntoIterator<Item = LayoutId>,
 517    ) -> LayoutId {
 518        self.app.layout_id_buffer.clear();
 519        self.app.layout_id_buffer.extend(children.into_iter());
 520        let rem_size = self.rem_size();
 521
 522        self.window
 523            .layout_engine
 524            .request_layout(style, rem_size, &self.app.layout_id_buffer)
 525    }
 526
 527    /// Add a node to the layout tree for the current frame. Instead of taking a `Style` and children,
 528    /// this variant takes a function that is invoked during layout so you can use arbitrary logic to
 529    /// determine the element's size. One place this is used internally is when measuring text.
 530    ///
 531    /// The given closure is invoked at layout time with the known dimensions and available space and
 532    /// returns a `Size`.
 533    pub fn request_measured_layout<
 534        F: Fn(Size<Option<Pixels>>, Size<AvailableSpace>) -> Size<Pixels> + Send + Sync + 'static,
 535    >(
 536        &mut self,
 537        style: Style,
 538        rem_size: Pixels,
 539        measure: F,
 540    ) -> LayoutId {
 541        self.window
 542            .layout_engine
 543            .request_measured_layout(style, rem_size, measure)
 544    }
 545
 546    /// Obtain the bounds computed for the given LayoutId relative to the window. This method should not
 547    /// be invoked until the paint phase begins, and will usually be invoked by GPUI itself automatically
 548    /// in order to pass your element its `Bounds` automatically.
 549    pub fn layout_bounds(&mut self, layout_id: LayoutId) -> Bounds<Pixels> {
 550        let mut bounds = self
 551            .window
 552            .layout_engine
 553            .layout_bounds(layout_id)
 554            .map(Into::into);
 555        bounds.origin += self.element_offset();
 556        bounds
 557    }
 558
 559    /// The scale factor of the display associated with the window. For example, it could
 560    /// return 2.0 for a "retina" display, indicating that each logical pixel should actually
 561    /// be rendered as two pixels on screen.
 562    pub fn scale_factor(&self) -> f32 {
 563        self.window.scale_factor
 564    }
 565
 566    /// The size of an em for the base font of the application. Adjusting this value allows the
 567    /// UI to scale, just like zooming a web page.
 568    pub fn rem_size(&self) -> Pixels {
 569        self.window.rem_size
 570    }
 571
 572    /// The line height associated with the current text style.
 573    pub fn line_height(&self) -> Pixels {
 574        let rem_size = self.rem_size();
 575        let text_style = self.text_style();
 576        text_style
 577            .line_height
 578            .to_pixels(text_style.font_size.into(), rem_size)
 579    }
 580
 581    /// Call to prevent the default action of an event. Currently only used to prevent
 582    /// parent elements from becoming focused on mouse down.
 583    pub fn prevent_default(&mut self) {
 584        self.window.default_prevented = true;
 585    }
 586
 587    /// Obtain whether default has been prevented for the event currently being dispatched.
 588    pub fn default_prevented(&self) -> bool {
 589        self.window.default_prevented
 590    }
 591
 592    /// Register a mouse event listener on the window for the current frame. The type of event
 593    /// is determined by the first parameter of the given listener. When the next frame is rendered
 594    /// the listener will be cleared.
 595    ///
 596    /// This is a fairly low-level method, so prefer using event handlers on elements unless you have
 597    /// a specific need to register a global listener.
 598    pub fn on_mouse_event<Event: 'static>(
 599        &mut self,
 600        handler: impl Fn(&Event, DispatchPhase, &mut WindowContext) + Send + 'static,
 601    ) {
 602        let order = self.window.z_index_stack.clone();
 603        self.window
 604            .mouse_listeners
 605            .entry(TypeId::of::<Event>())
 606            .or_default()
 607            .push((
 608                order,
 609                Box::new(move |event: &dyn Any, phase, cx| {
 610                    handler(event.downcast_ref().unwrap(), phase, cx)
 611                }),
 612            ))
 613    }
 614
 615    /// The position of the mouse relative to the window.
 616    pub fn mouse_position(&self) -> Point<Pixels> {
 617        self.window.mouse_position
 618    }
 619
 620    /// Called during painting to invoke the given closure in a new stacking context. The given
 621    /// z-index is interpreted relative to the previous call to `stack`.
 622    pub fn stack<R>(&mut self, z_index: u32, f: impl FnOnce(&mut Self) -> R) -> R {
 623        self.window.z_index_stack.push(z_index);
 624        let result = f(self);
 625        self.window.z_index_stack.pop();
 626        result
 627    }
 628
 629    /// Paint one or more drop shadows into the scene for the current frame at the current z-index.
 630    pub fn paint_shadows(
 631        &mut self,
 632        bounds: Bounds<Pixels>,
 633        corner_radii: Corners<Pixels>,
 634        shadows: &[BoxShadow],
 635    ) {
 636        let scale_factor = self.scale_factor();
 637        let content_mask = self.content_mask();
 638        let window = &mut *self.window;
 639        for shadow in shadows {
 640            let mut shadow_bounds = bounds;
 641            shadow_bounds.origin += shadow.offset;
 642            shadow_bounds.dilate(shadow.spread_radius);
 643            window.scene_builder.insert(
 644                &window.z_index_stack,
 645                Shadow {
 646                    order: 0,
 647                    bounds: shadow_bounds.scale(scale_factor),
 648                    content_mask: content_mask.scale(scale_factor),
 649                    corner_radii: corner_radii.scale(scale_factor),
 650                    color: shadow.color,
 651                    blur_radius: shadow.blur_radius.scale(scale_factor),
 652                },
 653            );
 654        }
 655    }
 656
 657    /// Paint one or more quads into the scene for the current frame at the current stacking context.
 658    /// Quads are colored rectangular regions with an optional background, border, and corner radius.
 659    pub fn paint_quad(
 660        &mut self,
 661        bounds: Bounds<Pixels>,
 662        corner_radii: Corners<Pixels>,
 663        background: impl Into<Hsla>,
 664        border_widths: Edges<Pixels>,
 665        border_color: impl Into<Hsla>,
 666    ) {
 667        let scale_factor = self.scale_factor();
 668        let content_mask = self.content_mask();
 669
 670        let window = &mut *self.window;
 671        window.scene_builder.insert(
 672            &window.z_index_stack,
 673            Quad {
 674                order: 0,
 675                bounds: bounds.scale(scale_factor),
 676                content_mask: content_mask.scale(scale_factor),
 677                background: background.into(),
 678                border_color: border_color.into(),
 679                corner_radii: corner_radii.scale(scale_factor),
 680                border_widths: border_widths.scale(scale_factor),
 681            },
 682        );
 683    }
 684
 685    /// Paint the given `Path` into the scene for the current frame at the current z-index.
 686    pub fn paint_path(&mut self, mut path: Path<Pixels>, color: impl Into<Hsla>) {
 687        let scale_factor = self.scale_factor();
 688        let content_mask = self.content_mask();
 689        path.content_mask = content_mask;
 690        path.color = color.into();
 691        let window = &mut *self.window;
 692        window
 693            .scene_builder
 694            .insert(&window.z_index_stack, path.scale(scale_factor));
 695    }
 696
 697    /// Paint an underline into the scene for the current frame at the current z-index.
 698    pub fn paint_underline(
 699        &mut self,
 700        origin: Point<Pixels>,
 701        width: Pixels,
 702        style: &UnderlineStyle,
 703    ) -> Result<()> {
 704        let scale_factor = self.scale_factor();
 705        let height = if style.wavy {
 706            style.thickness * 3.
 707        } else {
 708            style.thickness
 709        };
 710        let bounds = Bounds {
 711            origin,
 712            size: size(width, height),
 713        };
 714        let content_mask = self.content_mask();
 715        let window = &mut *self.window;
 716        window.scene_builder.insert(
 717            &window.z_index_stack,
 718            Underline {
 719                order: 0,
 720                bounds: bounds.scale(scale_factor),
 721                content_mask: content_mask.scale(scale_factor),
 722                thickness: style.thickness.scale(scale_factor),
 723                color: style.color.unwrap_or_default(),
 724                wavy: style.wavy,
 725            },
 726        );
 727        Ok(())
 728    }
 729
 730    /// Paint a monochrome (non-emoji) glyph into the scene for the current frame at the current z-index.
 731    pub fn paint_glyph(
 732        &mut self,
 733        origin: Point<Pixels>,
 734        font_id: FontId,
 735        glyph_id: GlyphId,
 736        font_size: Pixels,
 737        color: Hsla,
 738    ) -> Result<()> {
 739        let scale_factor = self.scale_factor();
 740        let glyph_origin = origin.scale(scale_factor);
 741        let subpixel_variant = Point {
 742            x: (glyph_origin.x.0.fract() * SUBPIXEL_VARIANTS as f32).floor() as u8,
 743            y: (glyph_origin.y.0.fract() * SUBPIXEL_VARIANTS as f32).floor() as u8,
 744        };
 745        let params = RenderGlyphParams {
 746            font_id,
 747            glyph_id,
 748            font_size,
 749            subpixel_variant,
 750            scale_factor,
 751            is_emoji: false,
 752        };
 753
 754        let raster_bounds = self.text_system().raster_bounds(&params)?;
 755        if !raster_bounds.is_zero() {
 756            let tile =
 757                self.window
 758                    .sprite_atlas
 759                    .get_or_insert_with(&params.clone().into(), &mut || {
 760                        let (size, bytes) = self.text_system().rasterize_glyph(&params)?;
 761                        Ok((size, Cow::Owned(bytes)))
 762                    })?;
 763            let bounds = Bounds {
 764                origin: glyph_origin.map(|px| px.floor()) + raster_bounds.origin.map(Into::into),
 765                size: tile.bounds.size.map(Into::into),
 766            };
 767            let content_mask = self.content_mask().scale(scale_factor);
 768            let window = &mut *self.window;
 769            window.scene_builder.insert(
 770                &window.z_index_stack,
 771                MonochromeSprite {
 772                    order: 0,
 773                    bounds,
 774                    content_mask,
 775                    color,
 776                    tile,
 777                },
 778            );
 779        }
 780        Ok(())
 781    }
 782
 783    /// Paint an emoji glyph into the scene for the current frame at the current z-index.
 784    pub fn paint_emoji(
 785        &mut self,
 786        origin: Point<Pixels>,
 787        font_id: FontId,
 788        glyph_id: GlyphId,
 789        font_size: Pixels,
 790    ) -> Result<()> {
 791        let scale_factor = self.scale_factor();
 792        let glyph_origin = origin.scale(scale_factor);
 793        let params = RenderGlyphParams {
 794            font_id,
 795            glyph_id,
 796            font_size,
 797            // We don't render emojis with subpixel variants.
 798            subpixel_variant: Default::default(),
 799            scale_factor,
 800            is_emoji: true,
 801        };
 802
 803        let raster_bounds = self.text_system().raster_bounds(&params)?;
 804        if !raster_bounds.is_zero() {
 805            let tile =
 806                self.window
 807                    .sprite_atlas
 808                    .get_or_insert_with(&params.clone().into(), &mut || {
 809                        let (size, bytes) = self.text_system().rasterize_glyph(&params)?;
 810                        Ok((size, Cow::Owned(bytes)))
 811                    })?;
 812            let bounds = Bounds {
 813                origin: glyph_origin.map(|px| px.floor()) + raster_bounds.origin.map(Into::into),
 814                size: tile.bounds.size.map(Into::into),
 815            };
 816            let content_mask = self.content_mask().scale(scale_factor);
 817            let window = &mut *self.window;
 818
 819            window.scene_builder.insert(
 820                &window.z_index_stack,
 821                PolychromeSprite {
 822                    order: 0,
 823                    bounds,
 824                    corner_radii: Default::default(),
 825                    content_mask,
 826                    tile,
 827                    grayscale: false,
 828                },
 829            );
 830        }
 831        Ok(())
 832    }
 833
 834    /// Paint a monochrome SVG into the scene for the current frame at the current stacking context.
 835    pub fn paint_svg(
 836        &mut self,
 837        bounds: Bounds<Pixels>,
 838        path: SharedString,
 839        color: Hsla,
 840    ) -> Result<()> {
 841        let scale_factor = self.scale_factor();
 842        let bounds = bounds.scale(scale_factor);
 843        // Render the SVG at twice the size to get a higher quality result.
 844        let params = RenderSvgParams {
 845            path,
 846            size: bounds
 847                .size
 848                .map(|pixels| DevicePixels::from((pixels.0 * 2.).ceil() as i32)),
 849        };
 850
 851        let tile =
 852            self.window
 853                .sprite_atlas
 854                .get_or_insert_with(&params.clone().into(), &mut || {
 855                    let bytes = self.svg_renderer.render(&params)?;
 856                    Ok((params.size, Cow::Owned(bytes)))
 857                })?;
 858        let content_mask = self.content_mask().scale(scale_factor);
 859
 860        let window = &mut *self.window;
 861        window.scene_builder.insert(
 862            &window.z_index_stack,
 863            MonochromeSprite {
 864                order: 0,
 865                bounds,
 866                content_mask,
 867                color,
 868                tile,
 869            },
 870        );
 871
 872        Ok(())
 873    }
 874
 875    /// Paint an image into the scene for the current frame at the current z-index.
 876    pub fn paint_image(
 877        &mut self,
 878        bounds: Bounds<Pixels>,
 879        corner_radii: Corners<Pixels>,
 880        data: Arc<ImageData>,
 881        grayscale: bool,
 882    ) -> Result<()> {
 883        let scale_factor = self.scale_factor();
 884        let bounds = bounds.scale(scale_factor);
 885        let params = RenderImageParams { image_id: data.id };
 886
 887        let tile = self
 888            .window
 889            .sprite_atlas
 890            .get_or_insert_with(&params.clone().into(), &mut || {
 891                Ok((data.size(), Cow::Borrowed(data.as_bytes())))
 892            })?;
 893        let content_mask = self.content_mask().scale(scale_factor);
 894        let corner_radii = corner_radii.scale(scale_factor);
 895
 896        let window = &mut *self.window;
 897        window.scene_builder.insert(
 898            &window.z_index_stack,
 899            PolychromeSprite {
 900                order: 0,
 901                bounds,
 902                content_mask,
 903                corner_radii,
 904                tile,
 905                grayscale,
 906            },
 907        );
 908        Ok(())
 909    }
 910
 911    /// Draw pixels to the display for this window based on the contents of its scene.
 912    pub(crate) fn draw(&mut self) {
 913        let root_view = self.window.root_view.take().unwrap();
 914
 915        self.start_frame();
 916
 917        self.stack(0, |cx| {
 918            let available_space = cx.window.content_size.map(Into::into);
 919            root_view.draw(available_space, cx);
 920        });
 921
 922        if let Some(active_drag) = self.app.active_drag.take() {
 923            self.stack(1, |cx| {
 924                let offset = cx.mouse_position() - active_drag.cursor_offset;
 925                cx.with_element_offset(Some(offset), |cx| {
 926                    let available_space =
 927                        size(AvailableSpace::MinContent, AvailableSpace::MinContent);
 928                    active_drag.view.draw(available_space, cx);
 929                    cx.active_drag = Some(active_drag);
 930                });
 931            });
 932        }
 933
 934        self.window.root_view = Some(root_view);
 935        let scene = self.window.scene_builder.build();
 936
 937        self.run_on_main(|cx| {
 938            cx.window
 939                .platform_window
 940                .borrow_on_main_thread()
 941                .draw(scene);
 942            cx.window.dirty = false;
 943        })
 944        .detach();
 945    }
 946
 947    fn start_frame(&mut self) {
 948        self.text_system().start_frame();
 949
 950        let window = &mut *self.window;
 951
 952        // Move the current frame element states to the previous frame.
 953        // The new empty element states map will be populated for any element states we
 954        // reference during the upcoming frame.
 955        mem::swap(
 956            &mut window.element_states,
 957            &mut window.prev_frame_element_states,
 958        );
 959        window.element_states.clear();
 960
 961        // Make the current key matchers the previous, and then clear the current.
 962        // An empty key matcher map will be created for every identified element in the
 963        // upcoming frame.
 964        mem::swap(
 965            &mut window.key_matchers,
 966            &mut window.prev_frame_key_matchers,
 967        );
 968        window.key_matchers.clear();
 969
 970        // Clear mouse event listeners, because elements add new element listeners
 971        // when the upcoming frame is painted.
 972        window.mouse_listeners.values_mut().for_each(Vec::clear);
 973
 974        // Clear focus state, because we determine what is focused when the new elements
 975        // in the upcoming frame are initialized.
 976        window.focus_listeners.clear();
 977        window.key_dispatch_stack.clear();
 978        window.focus_parents_by_child.clear();
 979        window.freeze_key_dispatch_stack = false;
 980    }
 981
 982    /// Dispatch a mouse or keyboard event on the window.
 983    fn dispatch_event(&mut self, event: InputEvent) -> bool {
 984        let event = match event {
 985            // Track the mouse position with our own state, since accessing the platform
 986            // API for the mouse position can only occur on the main thread.
 987            InputEvent::MouseMove(mouse_move) => {
 988                self.window.mouse_position = mouse_move.position;
 989                InputEvent::MouseMove(mouse_move)
 990            }
 991            // Translate dragging and dropping of external files from the operating system
 992            // to internal drag and drop events.
 993            InputEvent::FileDrop(file_drop) => match file_drop {
 994                FileDropEvent::Entered { position, files } => {
 995                    self.window.mouse_position = position;
 996                    if self.active_drag.is_none() {
 997                        self.active_drag = Some(AnyDrag {
 998                            view: self.build_view(|_| files).into(),
 999                            cursor_offset: position,
1000                        });
1001                    }
1002                    InputEvent::MouseDown(MouseDownEvent {
1003                        position,
1004                        button: MouseButton::Left,
1005                        click_count: 1,
1006                        modifiers: Modifiers::default(),
1007                    })
1008                }
1009                FileDropEvent::Pending { position } => {
1010                    self.window.mouse_position = position;
1011                    InputEvent::MouseMove(MouseMoveEvent {
1012                        position,
1013                        pressed_button: Some(MouseButton::Left),
1014                        modifiers: Modifiers::default(),
1015                    })
1016                }
1017                FileDropEvent::Submit { position } => {
1018                    self.window.mouse_position = position;
1019                    InputEvent::MouseUp(MouseUpEvent {
1020                        button: MouseButton::Left,
1021                        position,
1022                        modifiers: Modifiers::default(),
1023                        click_count: 1,
1024                    })
1025                }
1026                FileDropEvent::Exited => InputEvent::MouseUp(MouseUpEvent {
1027                    button: MouseButton::Left,
1028                    position: Point::default(),
1029                    modifiers: Modifiers::default(),
1030                    click_count: 1,
1031                }),
1032            },
1033            _ => event,
1034        };
1035
1036        if let Some(any_mouse_event) = event.mouse_event() {
1037            // Handlers may set this to false by calling `stop_propagation`
1038            self.app.propagate_event = true;
1039            self.window.default_prevented = false;
1040
1041            if let Some(mut handlers) = self
1042                .window
1043                .mouse_listeners
1044                .remove(&any_mouse_event.type_id())
1045            {
1046                // Because handlers may add other handlers, we sort every time.
1047                handlers.sort_by(|(a, _), (b, _)| a.cmp(b));
1048
1049                // Capture phase, events bubble from back to front. Handlers for this phase are used for
1050                // special purposes, such as detecting events outside of a given Bounds.
1051                for (_, handler) in &handlers {
1052                    handler(any_mouse_event, DispatchPhase::Capture, self);
1053                    if !self.app.propagate_event {
1054                        break;
1055                    }
1056                }
1057
1058                // Bubble phase, where most normal handlers do their work.
1059                if self.app.propagate_event {
1060                    for (_, handler) in handlers.iter().rev() {
1061                        handler(any_mouse_event, DispatchPhase::Bubble, self);
1062                        if !self.app.propagate_event {
1063                            break;
1064                        }
1065                    }
1066                }
1067
1068                if self.app.propagate_event
1069                    && any_mouse_event.downcast_ref::<MouseUpEvent>().is_some()
1070                {
1071                    self.active_drag = None;
1072                }
1073
1074                // Just in case any handlers added new handlers, which is weird, but possible.
1075                handlers.extend(
1076                    self.window
1077                        .mouse_listeners
1078                        .get_mut(&any_mouse_event.type_id())
1079                        .into_iter()
1080                        .flat_map(|handlers| handlers.drain(..)),
1081                );
1082                self.window
1083                    .mouse_listeners
1084                    .insert(any_mouse_event.type_id(), handlers);
1085            }
1086        } else if let Some(any_key_event) = event.keyboard_event() {
1087            let key_dispatch_stack = mem::take(&mut self.window.key_dispatch_stack);
1088            let key_event_type = any_key_event.type_id();
1089            let mut context_stack = SmallVec::<[&DispatchContext; 16]>::new();
1090
1091            for (ix, frame) in key_dispatch_stack.iter().enumerate() {
1092                match frame {
1093                    KeyDispatchStackFrame::Listener {
1094                        event_type,
1095                        listener,
1096                    } => {
1097                        if key_event_type == *event_type {
1098                            if let Some(action) = listener(
1099                                any_key_event,
1100                                &context_stack,
1101                                DispatchPhase::Capture,
1102                                self,
1103                            ) {
1104                                self.dispatch_action(action, &key_dispatch_stack[..ix]);
1105                            }
1106                            if !self.app.propagate_event {
1107                                break;
1108                            }
1109                        }
1110                    }
1111                    KeyDispatchStackFrame::Context(context) => {
1112                        context_stack.push(&context);
1113                    }
1114                }
1115            }
1116
1117            if self.app.propagate_event {
1118                for (ix, frame) in key_dispatch_stack.iter().enumerate().rev() {
1119                    match frame {
1120                        KeyDispatchStackFrame::Listener {
1121                            event_type,
1122                            listener,
1123                        } => {
1124                            if key_event_type == *event_type {
1125                                if let Some(action) = listener(
1126                                    any_key_event,
1127                                    &context_stack,
1128                                    DispatchPhase::Bubble,
1129                                    self,
1130                                ) {
1131                                    self.dispatch_action(action, &key_dispatch_stack[..ix]);
1132                                }
1133
1134                                if !self.app.propagate_event {
1135                                    break;
1136                                }
1137                            }
1138                        }
1139                        KeyDispatchStackFrame::Context(_) => {
1140                            context_stack.pop();
1141                        }
1142                    }
1143                }
1144            }
1145
1146            drop(context_stack);
1147            self.window.key_dispatch_stack = key_dispatch_stack;
1148        }
1149
1150        true
1151    }
1152
1153    /// Attempt to map a keystroke to an action based on the keymap.
1154    pub fn match_keystroke(
1155        &mut self,
1156        element_id: &GlobalElementId,
1157        keystroke: &Keystroke,
1158        context_stack: &[&DispatchContext],
1159    ) -> KeyMatch {
1160        let key_match = self
1161            .window
1162            .key_matchers
1163            .get_mut(element_id)
1164            .unwrap()
1165            .match_keystroke(keystroke, context_stack);
1166
1167        if key_match.is_some() {
1168            for matcher in self.window.key_matchers.values_mut() {
1169                matcher.clear_pending();
1170            }
1171        }
1172
1173        key_match
1174    }
1175
1176    /// Register the given handler to be invoked whenever the global of the given type
1177    /// is updated.
1178    pub fn observe_global<G: 'static>(
1179        &mut self,
1180        f: impl Fn(&mut WindowContext<'_>) + Send + 'static,
1181    ) -> Subscription {
1182        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
1183        self.global_observers.insert(
1184            TypeId::of::<G>(),
1185            Box::new(move |cx| cx.update_window(window_handle, |_, cx| f(cx)).is_ok()),
1186        )
1187    }
1188
1189    fn dispatch_action(
1190        &mut self,
1191        action: Box<dyn Action>,
1192        dispatch_stack: &[KeyDispatchStackFrame],
1193    ) {
1194        let action_type = action.as_any().type_id();
1195
1196        if let Some(mut global_listeners) = self.app.global_action_listeners.remove(&action_type) {
1197            for listener in &global_listeners {
1198                listener(action.as_ref(), DispatchPhase::Capture, self);
1199                if !self.app.propagate_event {
1200                    break;
1201                }
1202            }
1203            global_listeners.extend(
1204                self.global_action_listeners
1205                    .remove(&action_type)
1206                    .unwrap_or_default(),
1207            );
1208            self.global_action_listeners
1209                .insert(action_type, global_listeners);
1210        }
1211
1212        if self.app.propagate_event {
1213            for stack_frame in dispatch_stack {
1214                if let KeyDispatchStackFrame::Listener {
1215                    event_type,
1216                    listener,
1217                } = stack_frame
1218                {
1219                    if action_type == *event_type {
1220                        listener(action.as_any(), &[], DispatchPhase::Capture, self);
1221                        if !self.app.propagate_event {
1222                            break;
1223                        }
1224                    }
1225                }
1226            }
1227        }
1228
1229        if self.app.propagate_event {
1230            for stack_frame in dispatch_stack.iter().rev() {
1231                if let KeyDispatchStackFrame::Listener {
1232                    event_type,
1233                    listener,
1234                } = stack_frame
1235                {
1236                    if action_type == *event_type {
1237                        listener(action.as_any(), &[], DispatchPhase::Bubble, self);
1238                        if !self.app.propagate_event {
1239                            break;
1240                        }
1241                    }
1242                }
1243            }
1244        }
1245
1246        if self.app.propagate_event {
1247            if let Some(mut global_listeners) =
1248                self.app.global_action_listeners.remove(&action_type)
1249            {
1250                for listener in global_listeners.iter().rev() {
1251                    listener(action.as_ref(), DispatchPhase::Bubble, self);
1252                    if !self.app.propagate_event {
1253                        break;
1254                    }
1255                }
1256                global_listeners.extend(
1257                    self.global_action_listeners
1258                        .remove(&action_type)
1259                        .unwrap_or_default(),
1260                );
1261                self.global_action_listeners
1262                    .insert(action_type, global_listeners);
1263            }
1264        }
1265    }
1266}
1267
1268impl Context for WindowContext<'_> {
1269    type WindowContext<'a> = WindowContext<'a>;
1270    type ModelContext<'a, T> = ModelContext<'a, T>;
1271    type Result<T> = T;
1272
1273    fn build_model<T>(
1274        &mut self,
1275        build_model: impl FnOnce(&mut Self::ModelContext<'_, T>) -> T,
1276    ) -> Model<T>
1277    where
1278        T: 'static + Send,
1279    {
1280        let slot = self.app.entities.reserve();
1281        let model = build_model(&mut ModelContext::new(&mut *self.app, slot.downgrade()));
1282        self.entities.insert(slot, model)
1283    }
1284
1285    fn update_model<T: 'static, R>(
1286        &mut self,
1287        model: &Model<T>,
1288        update: impl FnOnce(&mut T, &mut Self::ModelContext<'_, T>) -> R,
1289    ) -> R {
1290        let mut entity = self.entities.lease(model);
1291        let result = update(
1292            &mut *entity,
1293            &mut ModelContext::new(&mut *self.app, model.downgrade()),
1294        );
1295        self.entities.end_lease(entity);
1296        result
1297    }
1298
1299    fn update_window<T, F>(&mut self, window: AnyWindowHandle, update: F) -> Result<T>
1300    where
1301        F: FnOnce(AnyView, &mut Self::WindowContext<'_>) -> T,
1302    {
1303        if window == self.window.handle {
1304            let root_view = self.window.root_view.clone().unwrap();
1305            Ok(update(root_view, self))
1306        } else {
1307            self.app.update_window(window, update)
1308        }
1309    }
1310}
1311
1312impl VisualContext for WindowContext<'_> {
1313    type ViewContext<'a, V: 'static> = ViewContext<'a, V>;
1314
1315    fn build_view<V>(
1316        &mut self,
1317        build_view_state: impl FnOnce(&mut Self::ViewContext<'_, V>) -> V,
1318    ) -> Self::Result<View<V>>
1319    where
1320        V: 'static + Send,
1321    {
1322        let slot = self.app.entities.reserve();
1323        let view = View {
1324            model: slot.clone(),
1325        };
1326        let mut cx = ViewContext::new(&mut *self.app, &mut *self.window, &view);
1327        let entity = build_view_state(&mut cx);
1328        self.entities.insert(slot, entity);
1329        view
1330    }
1331
1332    /// Update the given view. Prefer calling `View::update` instead, which calls this method.
1333    fn update_view<T: 'static, R>(
1334        &mut self,
1335        view: &View<T>,
1336        update: impl FnOnce(&mut T, &mut Self::ViewContext<'_, T>) -> R,
1337    ) -> Self::Result<R> {
1338        let mut lease = self.app.entities.lease(&view.model);
1339        let mut cx = ViewContext::new(&mut *self.app, &mut *self.window, &view);
1340        let result = update(&mut *lease, &mut cx);
1341        cx.app.entities.end_lease(lease);
1342        result
1343    }
1344
1345    fn replace_root_view<V>(
1346        &mut self,
1347        build_view: impl FnOnce(&mut Self::ViewContext<'_, V>) -> V,
1348    ) -> Self::Result<View<V>>
1349    where
1350        V: 'static + Send + Render,
1351    {
1352        let slot = self.app.entities.reserve();
1353        let view = View {
1354            model: slot.clone(),
1355        };
1356        let mut cx = ViewContext::new(&mut *self.app, &mut *self.window, &view);
1357        let entity = build_view(&mut cx);
1358        self.entities.insert(slot, entity);
1359        self.window.root_view = Some(view.clone().into());
1360        view
1361    }
1362}
1363
1364impl<'a> std::ops::Deref for WindowContext<'a> {
1365    type Target = AppContext;
1366
1367    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
1368        &self.app
1369    }
1370}
1371
1372impl<'a> std::ops::DerefMut for WindowContext<'a> {
1373    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
1374        &mut self.app
1375    }
1376}
1377
1378impl<'a> Borrow<AppContext> for WindowContext<'a> {
1379    fn borrow(&self) -> &AppContext {
1380        &self.app
1381    }
1382}
1383
1384impl<'a> BorrowMut<AppContext> for WindowContext<'a> {
1385    fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut AppContext {
1386        &mut self.app
1387    }
1388}
1389
1390pub trait BorrowWindow: BorrowMut<Window> + BorrowMut<AppContext> {
1391    fn app_mut(&mut self) -> &mut AppContext {
1392        self.borrow_mut()
1393    }
1394
1395    fn window(&self) -> &Window {
1396        self.borrow()
1397    }
1398
1399    fn window_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Window {
1400        self.borrow_mut()
1401    }
1402
1403    /// Pushes the given element id onto the global stack and invokes the given closure
1404    /// with a `GlobalElementId`, which disambiguates the given id in the context of its ancestor
1405    /// ids. Because elements are discarded and recreated on each frame, the `GlobalElementId` is
1406    /// used to associate state with identified elements across separate frames.
1407    fn with_element_id<R>(
1408        &mut self,
1409        id: impl Into<ElementId>,
1410        f: impl FnOnce(GlobalElementId, &mut Self) -> R,
1411    ) -> R {
1412        let keymap = self.app_mut().keymap.clone();
1413        let window = self.window_mut();
1414        window.element_id_stack.push(id.into());
1415        let global_id = window.element_id_stack.clone();
1416
1417        if window.key_matchers.get(&global_id).is_none() {
1418            window.key_matchers.insert(
1419                global_id.clone(),
1420                window
1421                    .prev_frame_key_matchers
1422                    .remove(&global_id)
1423                    .unwrap_or_else(|| KeyMatcher::new(keymap)),
1424            );
1425        }
1426
1427        let result = f(global_id, self);
1428        let window: &mut Window = self.borrow_mut();
1429        window.element_id_stack.pop();
1430        result
1431    }
1432
1433    /// Invoke the given function with the given content mask after intersecting it
1434    /// with the current mask.
1435    fn with_content_mask<R>(
1436        &mut self,
1437        mask: ContentMask<Pixels>,
1438        f: impl FnOnce(&mut Self) -> R,
1439    ) -> R {
1440        let mask = mask.intersect(&self.content_mask());
1441        self.window_mut().content_mask_stack.push(mask);
1442        let result = f(self);
1443        self.window_mut().content_mask_stack.pop();
1444        result
1445    }
1446
1447    /// Update the global element offset based on the given offset. This is used to implement
1448    /// scrolling and position drag handles.
1449    fn with_element_offset<R>(
1450        &mut self,
1451        offset: Option<Point<Pixels>>,
1452        f: impl FnOnce(&mut Self) -> R,
1453    ) -> R {
1454        let Some(offset) = offset else {
1455            return f(self);
1456        };
1457
1458        let offset = self.element_offset() + offset;
1459        self.window_mut().element_offset_stack.push(offset);
1460        let result = f(self);
1461        self.window_mut().element_offset_stack.pop();
1462        result
1463    }
1464
1465    /// Obtain the current element offset.
1466    fn element_offset(&self) -> Point<Pixels> {
1467        self.window()
1468            .element_offset_stack
1469            .last()
1470            .copied()
1471            .unwrap_or_default()
1472    }
1473
1474    /// Update or intialize state for an element with the given id that lives across multiple
1475    /// frames. If an element with this id existed in the previous frame, its state will be passed
1476    /// to the given closure. The state returned by the closure will be stored so it can be referenced
1477    /// when drawing the next frame.
1478    fn with_element_state<S, R>(
1479        &mut self,
1480        id: ElementId,
1481        f: impl FnOnce(Option<S>, &mut Self) -> (R, S),
1482    ) -> R
1483    where
1484        S: 'static + Send,
1485    {
1486        self.with_element_id(id, |global_id, cx| {
1487            if let Some(any) = cx
1488                .window_mut()
1489                .element_states
1490                .remove(&global_id)
1491                .or_else(|| cx.window_mut().prev_frame_element_states.remove(&global_id))
1492            {
1493                // Using the extra inner option to avoid needing to reallocate a new box.
1494                let mut state_box = any
1495                    .downcast::<Option<S>>()
1496                    .expect("invalid element state type for id");
1497                let state = state_box
1498                    .take()
1499                    .expect("element state is already on the stack");
1500                let (result, state) = f(Some(state), cx);
1501                state_box.replace(state);
1502                cx.window_mut().element_states.insert(global_id, state_box);
1503                result
1504            } else {
1505                let (result, state) = f(None, cx);
1506                cx.window_mut()
1507                    .element_states
1508                    .insert(global_id, Box::new(Some(state)));
1509                result
1510            }
1511        })
1512    }
1513
1514    /// Like `with_element_state`, but for situations where the element_id is optional. If the
1515    /// id is `None`, no state will be retrieved or stored.
1516    fn with_optional_element_state<S, R>(
1517        &mut self,
1518        element_id: Option<ElementId>,
1519        f: impl FnOnce(Option<S>, &mut Self) -> (R, S),
1520    ) -> R
1521    where
1522        S: 'static + Send,
1523    {
1524        if let Some(element_id) = element_id {
1525            self.with_element_state(element_id, f)
1526        } else {
1527            f(None, self).0
1528        }
1529    }
1530
1531    /// Obtain the current content mask.
1532    fn content_mask(&self) -> ContentMask<Pixels> {
1533        self.window()
1534            .content_mask_stack
1535            .last()
1536            .cloned()
1537            .unwrap_or_else(|| ContentMask {
1538                bounds: Bounds {
1539                    origin: Point::default(),
1540                    size: self.window().content_size,
1541                },
1542            })
1543    }
1544
1545    /// The size of an em for the base font of the application. Adjusting this value allows the
1546    /// UI to scale, just like zooming a web page.
1547    fn rem_size(&self) -> Pixels {
1548        self.window().rem_size
1549    }
1550}
1551
1552impl Borrow<Window> for WindowContext<'_> {
1553    fn borrow(&self) -> &Window {
1554        &self.window
1555    }
1556}
1557
1558impl BorrowMut<Window> for WindowContext<'_> {
1559    fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Window {
1560        &mut self.window
1561    }
1562}
1563
1564impl<T> BorrowWindow for T where T: BorrowMut<AppContext> + BorrowMut<Window> {}
1565
1566pub struct ViewContext<'a, V> {
1567    window_cx: WindowContext<'a>,
1568    view: &'a View<V>,
1569}
1570
1571impl<V> Borrow<AppContext> for ViewContext<'_, V> {
1572    fn borrow(&self) -> &AppContext {
1573        &*self.window_cx.app
1574    }
1575}
1576
1577impl<V> BorrowMut<AppContext> for ViewContext<'_, V> {
1578    fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut AppContext {
1579        &mut *self.window_cx.app
1580    }
1581}
1582
1583impl<V> Borrow<Window> for ViewContext<'_, V> {
1584    fn borrow(&self) -> &Window {
1585        &*self.window_cx.window
1586    }
1587}
1588
1589impl<V> BorrowMut<Window> for ViewContext<'_, V> {
1590    fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Window {
1591        &mut *self.window_cx.window
1592    }
1593}
1594
1595impl<'a, V: 'static> ViewContext<'a, V> {
1596    pub(crate) fn new(app: &'a mut AppContext, window: &'a mut Window, view: &'a View<V>) -> Self {
1597        Self {
1598            window_cx: WindowContext::new(app, window),
1599            view,
1600        }
1601    }
1602
1603    pub fn view(&self) -> View<V> {
1604        self.view.clone()
1605    }
1606
1607    pub fn model(&self) -> Model<V> {
1608        self.view.model.clone()
1609    }
1610
1611    pub fn stack<R>(&mut self, order: u32, f: impl FnOnce(&mut Self) -> R) -> R {
1612        self.window.z_index_stack.push(order);
1613        let result = f(self);
1614        self.window.z_index_stack.pop();
1615        result
1616    }
1617
1618    pub fn on_next_frame(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + Send + 'static)
1619    where
1620        V: Any + Send,
1621    {
1622        let view = self.view();
1623        self.window_cx.on_next_frame(move |cx| view.update(cx, f));
1624    }
1625
1626    /// Schedules the given function to be run at the end of the current effect cycle, allowing entities
1627    /// that are currently on the stack to be returned to the app.
1628    pub fn defer(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static + Send) {
1629        let view = self.view().downgrade();
1630        self.window_cx.defer(move |cx| {
1631            view.update(cx, f).ok();
1632        });
1633    }
1634
1635    pub fn observe<V2, E>(
1636        &mut self,
1637        entity: &E,
1638        mut on_notify: impl FnMut(&mut V, E, &mut ViewContext<'_, V>) + Send + 'static,
1639    ) -> Subscription
1640    where
1641        V2: 'static,
1642        V: 'static + Send,
1643        E: Entity<V2>,
1644    {
1645        let view = self.view().downgrade();
1646        let entity_id = entity.entity_id();
1647        let entity = entity.downgrade();
1648        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
1649        self.app.observers.insert(
1650            entity_id,
1651            Box::new(move |cx| {
1652                cx.update_window(window_handle, |_, cx| {
1653                    if let Some(handle) = E::upgrade_from(&entity) {
1654                        view.update(cx, |this, cx| on_notify(this, handle, cx))
1655                            .is_ok()
1656                    } else {
1657                        false
1658                    }
1659                })
1660                .unwrap_or(false)
1661            }),
1662        )
1663    }
1664
1665    pub fn subscribe<V2, E>(
1666        &mut self,
1667        entity: &E,
1668        mut on_event: impl FnMut(&mut V, E, &V2::Event, &mut ViewContext<'_, V>) + Send + 'static,
1669    ) -> Subscription
1670    where
1671        V2: EventEmitter,
1672        E: Entity<V2>,
1673    {
1674        let view = self.view().downgrade();
1675        let entity_id = entity.entity_id();
1676        let handle = entity.downgrade();
1677        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
1678        self.app.event_listeners.insert(
1679            entity_id,
1680            Box::new(move |event, cx| {
1681                cx.update_window(window_handle, |_, cx| {
1682                    if let Some(handle) = E::upgrade_from(&handle) {
1683                        let event = event.downcast_ref().expect("invalid event type");
1684                        view.update(cx, |this, cx| on_event(this, handle, event, cx))
1685                            .is_ok()
1686                    } else {
1687                        false
1688                    }
1689                })
1690                .unwrap_or(false)
1691            }),
1692        )
1693    }
1694
1695    pub fn on_release(
1696        &mut self,
1697        on_release: impl FnOnce(&mut V, &mut WindowContext) + Send + 'static,
1698    ) -> Subscription {
1699        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
1700        self.app.release_listeners.insert(
1701            self.view.model.entity_id,
1702            Box::new(move |this, cx| {
1703                let this = this.downcast_mut().expect("invalid entity type");
1704                // todo!("are we okay with silently swallowing the error?")
1705                let _ = cx.update_window(window_handle, |_, cx| on_release(this, cx));
1706            }),
1707        )
1708    }
1709
1710    pub fn observe_release<V2, E>(
1711        &mut self,
1712        entity: &E,
1713        mut on_release: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut V2, &mut ViewContext<'_, V>) + Send + 'static,
1714    ) -> Subscription
1715    where
1716        V: Any + Send,
1717        V2: 'static,
1718        E: Entity<V2>,
1719    {
1720        let view = self.view().downgrade();
1721        let entity_id = entity.entity_id();
1722        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
1723        self.app.release_listeners.insert(
1724            entity_id,
1725            Box::new(move |entity, cx| {
1726                let entity = entity.downcast_mut().expect("invalid entity type");
1727                let _ = cx.update_window(window_handle, |_, cx| {
1728                    view.update(cx, |this, cx| on_release(this, entity, cx))
1729                });
1730            }),
1731        )
1732    }
1733
1734    pub fn notify(&mut self) {
1735        self.window_cx.notify();
1736        self.window_cx.app.push_effect(Effect::Notify {
1737            emitter: self.view.model.entity_id,
1738        });
1739    }
1740
1741    pub fn on_focus_changed(
1742        &mut self,
1743        listener: impl Fn(&mut V, &FocusEvent, &mut ViewContext<V>) + Send + 'static,
1744    ) {
1745        let handle = self.view().downgrade();
1746        self.window.focus_listeners.push(Box::new(move |event, cx| {
1747            handle
1748                .update(cx, |view, cx| listener(view, event, cx))
1749                .log_err();
1750        }));
1751    }
1752
1753    pub fn with_key_listeners<R>(
1754        &mut self,
1755        key_listeners: impl IntoIterator<Item = (TypeId, KeyListener<V>)>,
1756        f: impl FnOnce(&mut Self) -> R,
1757    ) -> R {
1758        let old_stack_len = self.window.key_dispatch_stack.len();
1759        if !self.window.freeze_key_dispatch_stack {
1760            for (event_type, listener) in key_listeners {
1761                let handle = self.view().downgrade();
1762                let listener = Box::new(
1763                    move |event: &dyn Any,
1764                          context_stack: &[&DispatchContext],
1765                          phase: DispatchPhase,
1766                          cx: &mut WindowContext<'_>| {
1767                        handle
1768                            .update(cx, |view, cx| {
1769                                listener(view, event, context_stack, phase, cx)
1770                            })
1771                            .log_err()
1772                            .flatten()
1773                    },
1774                );
1775                self.window
1776                    .key_dispatch_stack
1777                    .push(KeyDispatchStackFrame::Listener {
1778                        event_type,
1779                        listener,
1780                    });
1781            }
1782        }
1783
1784        let result = f(self);
1785
1786        if !self.window.freeze_key_dispatch_stack {
1787            self.window.key_dispatch_stack.truncate(old_stack_len);
1788        }
1789
1790        result
1791    }
1792
1793    pub fn with_key_dispatch_context<R>(
1794        &mut self,
1795        context: DispatchContext,
1796        f: impl FnOnce(&mut Self) -> R,
1797    ) -> R {
1798        if context.is_empty() {
1799            return f(self);
1800        }
1801
1802        if !self.window.freeze_key_dispatch_stack {
1803            self.window
1804                .key_dispatch_stack
1805                .push(KeyDispatchStackFrame::Context(context));
1806        }
1807
1808        let result = f(self);
1809
1810        if !self.window.freeze_key_dispatch_stack {
1811            self.window.key_dispatch_stack.pop();
1812        }
1813
1814        result
1815    }
1816
1817    pub fn with_focus<R>(
1818        &mut self,
1819        focus_handle: FocusHandle,
1820        f: impl FnOnce(&mut Self) -> R,
1821    ) -> R {
1822        if let Some(parent_focus_id) = self.window.focus_stack.last().copied() {
1823            self.window
1824                .focus_parents_by_child
1825                .insert(focus_handle.id, parent_focus_id);
1826        }
1827        self.window.focus_stack.push(focus_handle.id);
1828
1829        if Some(focus_handle.id) == self.window.focus {
1830            self.window.freeze_key_dispatch_stack = true;
1831        }
1832
1833        let result = f(self);
1834
1835        self.window.focus_stack.pop();
1836        result
1837    }
1838
1839    pub fn run_on_main<R>(
1840        &mut self,
1841        view: &mut V,
1842        f: impl FnOnce(&mut V, &mut MainThread<ViewContext<'_, V>>) -> R + Send + 'static,
1843    ) -> Task<Result<R>>
1844    where
1845        R: Send + 'static,
1846    {
1847        if self.executor.is_main_thread() {
1848            let cx = unsafe { mem::transmute::<&mut Self, &mut MainThread<Self>>(self) };
1849            Task::ready(Ok(f(view, cx)))
1850        } else {
1851            let view = self.view();
1852            self.window_cx.run_on_main(move |cx| view.update(cx, f))
1853        }
1854    }
1855
1856    pub fn spawn<Fut, R>(
1857        &mut self,
1858        f: impl FnOnce(WeakView<V>, AsyncWindowContext) -> Fut + Send + 'static,
1859    ) -> Task<R>
1860    where
1861        R: Send + 'static,
1862        Fut: Future<Output = R> + Send + 'static,
1863    {
1864        let view = self.view().downgrade();
1865        self.window_cx.spawn(move |_, cx| {
1866            let result = f(view, cx);
1867            async move { result.await }
1868        })
1869    }
1870
1871    pub fn update_global<G, R>(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut G, &mut Self) -> R) -> R
1872    where
1873        G: 'static + Send,
1874    {
1875        let mut global = self.app.lease_global::<G>();
1876        let result = f(&mut global, self);
1877        self.app.end_global_lease(global);
1878        result
1879    }
1880
1881    pub fn observe_global<G: 'static>(
1882        &mut self,
1883        f: impl Fn(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<'_, V>) + Send + 'static,
1884    ) -> Subscription {
1885        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
1886        let view = self.view().downgrade();
1887        self.global_observers.insert(
1888            TypeId::of::<G>(),
1889            Box::new(move |cx| {
1890                cx.update_window(window_handle, |_, cx| {
1891                    view.update(cx, |view, cx| f(view, cx)).is_ok()
1892                })
1893                .unwrap_or(false)
1894            }),
1895        )
1896    }
1897
1898    pub fn on_mouse_event<Event: 'static>(
1899        &mut self,
1900        handler: impl Fn(&mut V, &Event, DispatchPhase, &mut ViewContext<V>) + Send + 'static,
1901    ) {
1902        let handle = self.view();
1903        self.window_cx.on_mouse_event(move |event, phase, cx| {
1904            handle.update(cx, |view, cx| {
1905                handler(view, event, phase, cx);
1906            })
1907        });
1908    }
1909}
1910
1911impl<V> ViewContext<'_, V>
1912where
1913    V: EventEmitter,
1914    V::Event: 'static + Send,
1915{
1916    pub fn emit(&mut self, event: V::Event) {
1917        let emitter = self.view.model.entity_id;
1918        self.app.push_effect(Effect::Emit {
1919            emitter,
1920            event: Box::new(event),
1921        });
1922    }
1923}
1924
1925impl<V: 'static> MainThread<ViewContext<'_, V>> {
1926    fn platform_window(&self) -> &dyn PlatformWindow {
1927        self.window.platform_window.borrow_on_main_thread().as_ref()
1928    }
1929
1930    pub fn activate_window(&self) {
1931        self.platform_window().activate();
1932    }
1933}
1934
1935impl<V> Context for ViewContext<'_, V> {
1936    type WindowContext<'a> = WindowContext<'a>;
1937    type ModelContext<'b, U> = ModelContext<'b, U>;
1938    type Result<U> = U;
1939
1940    fn build_model<T>(
1941        &mut self,
1942        build_model: impl FnOnce(&mut Self::ModelContext<'_, T>) -> T,
1943    ) -> Model<T>
1944    where
1945        T: 'static + Send,
1946    {
1947        self.window_cx.build_model(build_model)
1948    }
1949
1950    fn update_model<T: 'static, R>(
1951        &mut self,
1952        model: &Model<T>,
1953        update: impl FnOnce(&mut T, &mut Self::ModelContext<'_, T>) -> R,
1954    ) -> R {
1955        self.window_cx.update_model(model, update)
1956    }
1957
1958    fn update_window<T, F>(&mut self, window: AnyWindowHandle, update: F) -> Result<T>
1959    where
1960        F: FnOnce(AnyView, &mut Self::WindowContext<'_>) -> T,
1961    {
1962        self.window_cx.update_window(window, update)
1963    }
1964}
1965
1966impl<V: 'static> VisualContext for ViewContext<'_, V> {
1967    type ViewContext<'a, W: 'static> = ViewContext<'a, W>;
1968
1969    fn build_view<W: 'static + Send>(
1970        &mut self,
1971        build_view: impl FnOnce(&mut Self::ViewContext<'_, W>) -> W,
1972    ) -> Self::Result<View<W>> {
1973        self.window_cx.build_view(build_view)
1974    }
1975
1976    fn update_view<V2: 'static, R>(
1977        &mut self,
1978        view: &View<V2>,
1979        update: impl FnOnce(&mut V2, &mut Self::ViewContext<'_, V2>) -> R,
1980    ) -> Self::Result<R> {
1981        self.window_cx.update_view(view, update)
1982    }
1983
1984    fn replace_root_view<W>(
1985        &mut self,
1986        build_view: impl FnOnce(&mut Self::ViewContext<'_, W>) -> W,
1987    ) -> Self::Result<View<W>>
1988    where
1989        W: 'static + Send + Render,
1990    {
1991        self.window_cx.replace_root_view(build_view)
1992    }
1993}
1994
1995impl<'a, V> std::ops::Deref for ViewContext<'a, V> {
1996    type Target = WindowContext<'a>;
1997
1998    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
1999        &self.window_cx
2000    }
2001}
2002
2003impl<'a, V> std::ops::DerefMut for ViewContext<'a, V> {
2004    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
2005        &mut self.window_cx
2006    }
2007}
2008
2009// #[derive(Clone, Copy, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
2010slotmap::new_key_type! { pub struct WindowId; }
2011
2012impl WindowId {
2013    pub fn as_u64(&self) -> u64 {
2014        self.0.as_ffi()
2015    }
2016}
2017
2018#[derive(Deref, DerefMut)]
2019pub struct WindowHandle<V> {
2020    #[deref]
2021    #[deref_mut]
2022    pub(crate) any_handle: AnyWindowHandle,
2023    state_type: PhantomData<V>,
2024}
2025
2026impl<V: 'static + Render> WindowHandle<V> {
2027    pub fn new(id: WindowId) -> Self {
2028        WindowHandle {
2029            any_handle: AnyWindowHandle {
2030                id,
2031                state_type: TypeId::of::<V>(),
2032            },
2033            state_type: PhantomData,
2034        }
2035    }
2036
2037    pub fn update_root<C, R, W>(
2038        &self,
2039        cx: &mut C,
2040        update: impl FnOnce(
2041            &mut V,
2042            &mut <C::WindowContext<'_> as VisualContext>::ViewContext<'_, V>,
2043        ) -> R,
2044    ) -> Result<R>
2045    where
2046        C: for<'a> Context<WindowContext<'a> = W>,
2047        W: VisualContext<Result<R> = R>,
2048    {
2049        cx.update_window(self.any_handle, |root_view, cx| {
2050            let view = root_view
2051                .downcast::<V>()
2052                .map_err(|_| anyhow!("the type of the window's root view has changed"))?;
2053            Ok(view.update(cx, update))
2054        })?
2055    }
2056}
2057
2058impl<V> Copy for WindowHandle<V> {}
2059
2060impl<V> Clone for WindowHandle<V> {
2061    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
2062        WindowHandle {
2063            any_handle: self.any_handle,
2064            state_type: PhantomData,
2065        }
2066    }
2067}
2068
2069impl<V> PartialEq for WindowHandle<V> {
2070    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
2071        self.any_handle == other.any_handle
2072    }
2073}
2074
2075impl<V> Eq for WindowHandle<V> {}
2076
2077impl<V> Hash for WindowHandle<V> {
2078    fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
2079        self.any_handle.hash(state);
2080    }
2081}
2082
2083impl<V: 'static> Into<AnyWindowHandle> for WindowHandle<V> {
2084    fn into(self) -> AnyWindowHandle {
2085        self.any_handle
2086    }
2087}
2088
2089#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
2090pub struct AnyWindowHandle {
2091    pub(crate) id: WindowId,
2092    state_type: TypeId,
2093}
2094
2095impl AnyWindowHandle {
2096    pub fn window_id(&self) -> WindowId {
2097        self.id
2098    }
2099
2100    pub fn downcast<T: 'static>(&self) -> Option<WindowHandle<T>> {
2101        if TypeId::of::<T>() == self.state_type {
2102            Some(WindowHandle {
2103                any_handle: *self,
2104                state_type: PhantomData,
2105            })
2106        } else {
2107            None
2108        }
2109    }
2110}
2111
2112#[cfg(any(test, feature = "test-support"))]
2113impl From<SmallVec<[u32; 16]>> for StackingOrder {
2114    fn from(small_vec: SmallVec<[u32; 16]>) -> Self {
2115        StackingOrder(small_vec)
2116    }
2117}
2118
2119#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
2120pub enum ElementId {
2121    View(EntityId),
2122    Number(usize),
2123    Name(SharedString),
2124    FocusHandle(FocusId),
2125}
2126
2127impl From<EntityId> for ElementId {
2128    fn from(id: EntityId) -> Self {
2129        ElementId::View(id)
2130    }
2131}
2132
2133impl From<usize> for ElementId {
2134    fn from(id: usize) -> Self {
2135        ElementId::Number(id)
2136    }
2137}
2138
2139impl From<i32> for ElementId {
2140    fn from(id: i32) -> Self {
2141        Self::Number(id as usize)
2142    }
2143}
2144
2145impl From<SharedString> for ElementId {
2146    fn from(name: SharedString) -> Self {
2147        ElementId::Name(name)
2148    }
2149}
2150
2151impl From<&'static str> for ElementId {
2152    fn from(name: &'static str) -> Self {
2153        ElementId::Name(name.into())
2154    }
2155}
2156
2157impl<'a> From<&'a FocusHandle> for ElementId {
2158    fn from(handle: &'a FocusHandle) -> Self {
2159        ElementId::FocusHandle(handle.id)
2160    }
2161}