app.rs

   1mod async_context;
   2mod entity_map;
   3mod model_context;
   4#[cfg(any(test, feature = "test-support"))]
   5mod test_context;
   6
   7pub use async_context::*;
   8use derive_more::{Deref, DerefMut};
   9pub use entity_map::*;
  10pub use model_context::*;
  11use refineable::Refineable;
  12use smallvec::SmallVec;
  13#[cfg(any(test, feature = "test-support"))]
  14pub use test_context::*;
  15
  16use crate::{
  17    current_platform, image_cache::ImageCache, Action, AnyBox, AnyView, AnyWindowHandle,
  18    AppMetadata, AssetSource, BackgroundExecutor, ClipboardItem, Context, DispatchPhase, DisplayId,
  19    Entity, EventEmitter, FocusEvent, FocusHandle, FocusId, ForegroundExecutor, KeyBinding, Keymap,
  20    LayoutId, PathPromptOptions, Pixels, Platform, PlatformDisplay, Point, Render, SubscriberSet,
  21    Subscription, SvgRenderer, Task, TextStyle, TextStyleRefinement, TextSystem, View, Window,
  22    WindowContext, WindowHandle, WindowId,
  23};
  24use anyhow::{anyhow, Result};
  25use collections::{HashMap, HashSet, VecDeque};
  26use futures::{channel::oneshot, future::LocalBoxFuture, Future};
  27use parking_lot::Mutex;
  28use slotmap::SlotMap;
  29use std::{
  30    any::{type_name, Any, TypeId},
  31    cell::{Ref, RefCell, RefMut},
  32    marker::PhantomData,
  33    mem,
  34    ops::{Deref, DerefMut},
  35    path::{Path, PathBuf},
  36    rc::{Rc, Weak},
  37    sync::{atomic::Ordering::SeqCst, Arc},
  38    time::Duration,
  39};
  40use util::http::{self, HttpClient};
  41
  42/// Temporary(?) wrapper around RefCell<AppContext> to help us debug any double borrows.
  43/// Strongly consider removing after stabilization.
  44pub struct AppCell {
  45    app: RefCell<AppContext>,
  46}
  47
  48impl AppCell {
  49    #[track_caller]
  50    pub fn borrow(&self) -> AppRef {
  51        if let Some(_) = option_env!("TRACK_THREAD_BORROWS") {
  52            let thread_id = std::thread::current().id();
  53            eprintln!("borrowed {thread_id:?}");
  54        }
  55        AppRef(self.app.borrow())
  56    }
  57
  58    #[track_caller]
  59    pub fn borrow_mut(&self) -> AppRefMut {
  60        if let Some(_) = option_env!("TRACK_THREAD_BORROWS") {
  61            let thread_id = std::thread::current().id();
  62            eprintln!("borrowed {thread_id:?}");
  63        }
  64        AppRefMut(self.app.borrow_mut())
  65    }
  66}
  67
  68#[derive(Deref, DerefMut)]
  69pub struct AppRef<'a>(Ref<'a, AppContext>);
  70
  71impl<'a> Drop for AppRef<'a> {
  72    fn drop(&mut self) {
  73        if let Some(_) = option_env!("TRACK_THREAD_BORROWS") {
  74            let thread_id = std::thread::current().id();
  75            eprintln!("dropped borrow from {thread_id:?}");
  76        }
  77    }
  78}
  79
  80#[derive(Deref, DerefMut)]
  81pub struct AppRefMut<'a>(RefMut<'a, AppContext>);
  82
  83impl<'a> Drop for AppRefMut<'a> {
  84    fn drop(&mut self) {
  85        if let Some(_) = option_env!("TRACK_THREAD_BORROWS") {
  86            let thread_id = std::thread::current().id();
  87            eprintln!("dropped {thread_id:?}");
  88        }
  89    }
  90}
  91
  92pub struct App(Rc<AppCell>);
  93
  94/// Represents an application before it is fully launched. Once your app is
  95/// configured, you'll start the app with `App::run`.
  96impl App {
  97    /// Builds an app with the given asset source.
  98    pub fn production(asset_source: Arc<dyn AssetSource>) -> Self {
  99        Self(AppContext::new(
 100            current_platform(),
 101            asset_source,
 102            http::client(),
 103        ))
 104    }
 105
 106    /// Start the application. The provided callback will be called once the
 107    /// app is fully launched.
 108    pub fn run<F>(self, on_finish_launching: F)
 109    where
 110        F: 'static + FnOnce(&mut AppContext),
 111    {
 112        let this = self.0.clone();
 113        let platform = self.0.borrow().platform.clone();
 114        platform.run(Box::new(move || {
 115            let cx = &mut *this.borrow_mut();
 116            on_finish_launching(cx);
 117        }));
 118    }
 119
 120    /// Register a handler to be invoked when the platform instructs the application
 121    /// to open one or more URLs.
 122    pub fn on_open_urls<F>(&self, mut callback: F) -> &Self
 123    where
 124        F: 'static + FnMut(Vec<String>, &mut AppContext),
 125    {
 126        let this = Rc::downgrade(&self.0);
 127        self.0.borrow().platform.on_open_urls(Box::new(move |urls| {
 128            if let Some(app) = this.upgrade() {
 129                callback(urls, &mut *app.borrow_mut());
 130            }
 131        }));
 132        self
 133    }
 134
 135    pub fn on_reopen<F>(&self, mut callback: F) -> &Self
 136    where
 137        F: 'static + FnMut(&mut AppContext),
 138    {
 139        let this = Rc::downgrade(&self.0);
 140        self.0.borrow_mut().platform.on_reopen(Box::new(move || {
 141            if let Some(app) = this.upgrade() {
 142                callback(&mut app.borrow_mut());
 143            }
 144        }));
 145        self
 146    }
 147
 148    pub fn metadata(&self) -> AppMetadata {
 149        self.0.borrow().app_metadata.clone()
 150    }
 151
 152    pub fn background_executor(&self) -> BackgroundExecutor {
 153        self.0.borrow().background_executor.clone()
 154    }
 155
 156    pub fn foreground_executor(&self) -> ForegroundExecutor {
 157        self.0.borrow().foreground_executor.clone()
 158    }
 159
 160    pub fn text_system(&self) -> Arc<TextSystem> {
 161        self.0.borrow().text_system.clone()
 162    }
 163}
 164
 165pub(crate) type FrameCallback = Box<dyn FnOnce(&mut AppContext)>;
 166type Handler = Box<dyn FnMut(&mut AppContext) -> bool + 'static>;
 167type Listener = Box<dyn FnMut(&dyn Any, &mut AppContext) -> bool + 'static>;
 168type QuitHandler = Box<dyn FnOnce(&mut AppContext) -> LocalBoxFuture<'static, ()> + 'static>;
 169type ReleaseListener = Box<dyn FnOnce(&mut dyn Any, &mut AppContext) + 'static>;
 170
 171// struct FrameConsumer {
 172//     next_frame_callbacks: Vec<FrameCallback>,
 173//     task: Task<()>,
 174//     display_linker
 175// }
 176
 177pub struct AppContext {
 178    pub(crate) this: Weak<AppCell>,
 179    pub(crate) platform: Rc<dyn Platform>,
 180    app_metadata: AppMetadata,
 181    text_system: Arc<TextSystem>,
 182    flushing_effects: bool,
 183    pending_updates: usize,
 184    pub(crate) active_drag: Option<AnyDrag>,
 185    pub(crate) active_tooltip: Option<AnyTooltip>,
 186    pub(crate) next_frame_callbacks: HashMap<DisplayId, Vec<FrameCallback>>,
 187    pub(crate) frame_consumers: HashMap<DisplayId, Task<()>>,
 188    pub(crate) background_executor: BackgroundExecutor,
 189    pub(crate) foreground_executor: ForegroundExecutor,
 190    pub(crate) svg_renderer: SvgRenderer,
 191    asset_source: Arc<dyn AssetSource>,
 192    pub(crate) image_cache: ImageCache,
 193    pub(crate) text_style_stack: Vec<TextStyleRefinement>,
 194    pub(crate) globals_by_type: HashMap<TypeId, AnyBox>,
 195    pub(crate) entities: EntityMap,
 196    pub(crate) windows: SlotMap<WindowId, Option<Window>>,
 197    pub(crate) keymap: Arc<Mutex<Keymap>>,
 198    pub(crate) global_action_listeners:
 199        HashMap<TypeId, Vec<Box<dyn Fn(&dyn Action, DispatchPhase, &mut Self)>>>,
 200    pending_effects: VecDeque<Effect>,
 201    pub(crate) pending_notifications: HashSet<EntityId>,
 202    pub(crate) pending_global_notifications: HashSet<TypeId>,
 203    pub(crate) observers: SubscriberSet<EntityId, Handler>,
 204    pub(crate) event_listeners: SubscriberSet<EntityId, Listener>,
 205    pub(crate) release_listeners: SubscriberSet<EntityId, ReleaseListener>,
 206    pub(crate) global_observers: SubscriberSet<TypeId, Handler>,
 207    pub(crate) quit_observers: SubscriberSet<(), QuitHandler>,
 208    pub(crate) layout_id_buffer: Vec<LayoutId>, // We recycle this memory across layout requests.
 209    pub(crate) propagate_event: bool,
 210}
 211
 212impl AppContext {
 213    pub(crate) fn new(
 214        platform: Rc<dyn Platform>,
 215        asset_source: Arc<dyn AssetSource>,
 216        http_client: Arc<dyn HttpClient>,
 217    ) -> Rc<AppCell> {
 218        let executor = platform.background_executor();
 219        let foreground_executor = platform.foreground_executor();
 220        assert!(
 221            executor.is_main_thread(),
 222            "must construct App on main thread"
 223        );
 224
 225        let text_system = Arc::new(TextSystem::new(platform.text_system()));
 226        let entities = EntityMap::new();
 227
 228        let app_metadata = AppMetadata {
 229            os_name: platform.os_name(),
 230            os_version: platform.os_version().ok(),
 231            app_version: platform.app_version().ok(),
 232        };
 233
 234        Rc::new_cyclic(|this| AppCell {
 235            app: RefCell::new(AppContext {
 236                this: this.clone(),
 237                platform,
 238                app_metadata,
 239                text_system,
 240                flushing_effects: false,
 241                pending_updates: 0,
 242                active_drag: None,
 243                active_tooltip: None,
 244                next_frame_callbacks: HashMap::default(),
 245                frame_consumers: HashMap::default(),
 246                background_executor: executor,
 247                foreground_executor,
 248                svg_renderer: SvgRenderer::new(asset_source.clone()),
 249                asset_source,
 250                image_cache: ImageCache::new(http_client),
 251                text_style_stack: Vec::new(),
 252                globals_by_type: HashMap::default(),
 253                entities,
 254                windows: SlotMap::with_key(),
 255                keymap: Arc::new(Mutex::new(Keymap::default())),
 256                global_action_listeners: HashMap::default(),
 257                pending_effects: VecDeque::new(),
 258                pending_notifications: HashSet::default(),
 259                pending_global_notifications: HashSet::default(),
 260                observers: SubscriberSet::new(),
 261                event_listeners: SubscriberSet::new(),
 262                release_listeners: SubscriberSet::new(),
 263                global_observers: SubscriberSet::new(),
 264                quit_observers: SubscriberSet::new(),
 265                layout_id_buffer: Default::default(),
 266                propagate_event: true,
 267            }),
 268        })
 269    }
 270
 271    /// Quit the application gracefully. Handlers registered with `ModelContext::on_app_quit`
 272    /// will be given 100ms to complete before exiting.
 273    pub fn quit(&mut self) {
 274        let mut futures = Vec::new();
 275
 276        for observer in self.quit_observers.remove(&()) {
 277            futures.push(observer(self));
 278        }
 279
 280        self.windows.clear();
 281        self.flush_effects();
 282
 283        let futures = futures::future::join_all(futures);
 284        if self
 285            .background_executor
 286            .block_with_timeout(Duration::from_millis(100), futures)
 287            .is_err()
 288        {
 289            log::error!("timed out waiting on app_will_quit");
 290        }
 291
 292        self.globals_by_type.clear();
 293    }
 294
 295    pub fn app_metadata(&self) -> AppMetadata {
 296        self.app_metadata.clone()
 297    }
 298
 299    /// Schedules all windows in the application to be redrawn. This can be called
 300    /// multiple times in an update cycle and still result in a single redraw.
 301    pub fn refresh(&mut self) {
 302        self.pending_effects.push_back(Effect::Refresh);
 303    }
 304    pub(crate) fn update<R>(&mut self, update: impl FnOnce(&mut Self) -> R) -> R {
 305        self.pending_updates += 1;
 306        let result = update(self);
 307        if !self.flushing_effects && self.pending_updates == 1 {
 308            self.flushing_effects = true;
 309            self.flush_effects();
 310            self.flushing_effects = false;
 311        }
 312        self.pending_updates -= 1;
 313        result
 314    }
 315
 316    pub fn observe<W, E>(
 317        &mut self,
 318        entity: &E,
 319        mut on_notify: impl FnMut(E, &mut AppContext) + 'static,
 320    ) -> Subscription
 321    where
 322        W: 'static,
 323        E: Entity<W>,
 324    {
 325        self.observe_internal(entity, move |e, cx| {
 326            on_notify(e, cx);
 327            true
 328        })
 329    }
 330
 331    pub fn observe_internal<W, E>(
 332        &mut self,
 333        entity: &E,
 334        mut on_notify: impl FnMut(E, &mut AppContext) -> bool + 'static,
 335    ) -> Subscription
 336    where
 337        W: 'static,
 338        E: Entity<W>,
 339    {
 340        let entity_id = entity.entity_id();
 341        let handle = entity.downgrade();
 342        self.observers.insert(
 343            entity_id,
 344            Box::new(move |cx| {
 345                if let Some(handle) = E::upgrade_from(&handle) {
 346                    on_notify(handle, cx)
 347                } else {
 348                    false
 349                }
 350            }),
 351        )
 352    }
 353
 354    pub fn subscribe<T, E>(
 355        &mut self,
 356        entity: &E,
 357        mut on_event: impl FnMut(E, &T::Event, &mut AppContext) + 'static,
 358    ) -> Subscription
 359    where
 360        T: 'static + EventEmitter,
 361        E: Entity<T>,
 362    {
 363        self.subscribe_internal(entity, move |entity, event, cx| {
 364            on_event(entity, event, cx);
 365            true
 366        })
 367    }
 368
 369    pub(crate) fn subscribe_internal<T, E>(
 370        &mut self,
 371        entity: &E,
 372        mut on_event: impl FnMut(E, &T::Event, &mut AppContext) -> bool + 'static,
 373    ) -> Subscription
 374    where
 375        T: 'static + EventEmitter,
 376        E: Entity<T>,
 377    {
 378        let entity_id = entity.entity_id();
 379        let entity = entity.downgrade();
 380        self.event_listeners.insert(
 381            entity_id,
 382            Box::new(move |event, cx| {
 383                let event: &T::Event = event.downcast_ref().expect("invalid event type");
 384                if let Some(handle) = E::upgrade_from(&entity) {
 385                    on_event(handle, event, cx)
 386                } else {
 387                    false
 388                }
 389            }),
 390        )
 391    }
 392
 393    pub fn windows(&self) -> Vec<AnyWindowHandle> {
 394        self.windows
 395            .values()
 396            .filter_map(|window| Some(window.as_ref()?.handle.clone()))
 397            .collect()
 398    }
 399
 400    /// Opens a new window with the given option and the root view returned by the given function.
 401    /// The function is invoked with a `WindowContext`, which can be used to interact with window-specific
 402    /// functionality.
 403    pub fn open_window<V: Render>(
 404        &mut self,
 405        options: crate::WindowOptions,
 406        build_root_view: impl FnOnce(&mut WindowContext) -> View<V>,
 407    ) -> WindowHandle<V> {
 408        self.update(|cx| {
 409            let id = cx.windows.insert(None);
 410            let handle = WindowHandle::new(id);
 411            let mut window = Window::new(handle.into(), options, cx);
 412            let root_view = build_root_view(&mut WindowContext::new(cx, &mut window));
 413            window.root_view.replace(root_view.into());
 414            cx.windows.get_mut(id).unwrap().replace(window);
 415            handle
 416        })
 417    }
 418
 419    /// Instructs the platform to activate the application by bringing it to the foreground.
 420    pub fn activate(&self, ignoring_other_apps: bool) {
 421        self.platform.activate(ignoring_other_apps);
 422    }
 423
 424    /// Returns the list of currently active displays.
 425    pub fn displays(&self) -> Vec<Rc<dyn PlatformDisplay>> {
 426        self.platform.displays()
 427    }
 428
 429    /// Writes data to the platform clipboard.
 430    pub fn write_to_clipboard(&self, item: ClipboardItem) {
 431        self.platform.write_to_clipboard(item)
 432    }
 433
 434    /// Reads data from the platform clipboard.
 435    pub fn read_from_clipboard(&self) -> Option<ClipboardItem> {
 436        self.platform.read_from_clipboard()
 437    }
 438
 439    /// Writes credentials to the platform keychain.
 440    pub fn write_credentials(&self, url: &str, username: &str, password: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
 441        self.platform.write_credentials(url, username, password)
 442    }
 443
 444    /// Reads credentials from the platform keychain.
 445    pub fn read_credentials(&self, url: &str) -> Result<Option<(String, Vec<u8>)>> {
 446        self.platform.read_credentials(url)
 447    }
 448
 449    /// Deletes credentials from the platform keychain.
 450    pub fn delete_credentials(&self, url: &str) -> Result<()> {
 451        self.platform.delete_credentials(url)
 452    }
 453
 454    /// Directs the platform's default browser to open the given URL.
 455    pub fn open_url(&self, url: &str) {
 456        self.platform.open_url(url);
 457    }
 458
 459    pub fn path_for_auxiliary_executable(&self, name: &str) -> Result<PathBuf> {
 460        self.platform.path_for_auxiliary_executable(name)
 461    }
 462
 463    pub fn prompt_for_paths(
 464        &self,
 465        options: PathPromptOptions,
 466    ) -> oneshot::Receiver<Option<Vec<PathBuf>>> {
 467        self.platform.prompt_for_paths(options)
 468    }
 469
 470    pub fn prompt_for_new_path(&self, directory: &Path) -> oneshot::Receiver<Option<PathBuf>> {
 471        self.platform.prompt_for_new_path(directory)
 472    }
 473
 474    pub fn reveal_path(&self, path: &Path) {
 475        self.platform.reveal_path(path)
 476    }
 477
 478    pub fn should_auto_hide_scrollbars(&self) -> bool {
 479        self.platform.should_auto_hide_scrollbars()
 480    }
 481
 482    pub(crate) fn push_effect(&mut self, effect: Effect) {
 483        match &effect {
 484            Effect::Notify { emitter } => {
 485                if !self.pending_notifications.insert(*emitter) {
 486                    return;
 487                }
 488            }
 489            Effect::NotifyGlobalObservers { global_type } => {
 490                if !self.pending_global_notifications.insert(*global_type) {
 491                    return;
 492                }
 493            }
 494            _ => {}
 495        };
 496
 497        self.pending_effects.push_back(effect);
 498    }
 499
 500    /// Called at the end of AppContext::update to complete any side effects
 501    /// such as notifying observers, emitting events, etc. Effects can themselves
 502    /// cause effects, so we continue looping until all effects are processed.
 503    fn flush_effects(&mut self) {
 504        loop {
 505            self.release_dropped_entities();
 506            self.release_dropped_focus_handles();
 507            if let Some(effect) = self.pending_effects.pop_front() {
 508                match effect {
 509                    Effect::Notify { emitter } => {
 510                        self.apply_notify_effect(emitter);
 511                    }
 512                    Effect::Emit { emitter, event } => self.apply_emit_effect(emitter, event),
 513                    Effect::FocusChanged {
 514                        window_handle,
 515                        focused,
 516                    } => {
 517                        self.apply_focus_changed_effect(window_handle, focused);
 518                    }
 519                    Effect::Refresh => {
 520                        self.apply_refresh_effect();
 521                    }
 522                    Effect::NotifyGlobalObservers { global_type } => {
 523                        self.apply_notify_global_observers_effect(global_type);
 524                    }
 525                    Effect::Defer { callback } => {
 526                        self.apply_defer_effect(callback);
 527                    }
 528                }
 529            } else {
 530                break;
 531            }
 532        }
 533
 534        let dirty_window_ids = self
 535            .windows
 536            .iter()
 537            .filter_map(|(_, window)| {
 538                let window = window.as_ref().unwrap();
 539                if window.dirty {
 540                    Some(window.handle.clone())
 541                } else {
 542                    None
 543                }
 544            })
 545            .collect::<SmallVec<[_; 8]>>();
 546
 547        for dirty_window_handle in dirty_window_ids {
 548            dirty_window_handle.update(self, |_, cx| cx.draw()).unwrap();
 549        }
 550    }
 551
 552    /// Repeatedly called during `flush_effects` to release any entities whose
 553    /// reference count has become zero. We invoke any release observers before dropping
 554    /// each entity.
 555    fn release_dropped_entities(&mut self) {
 556        loop {
 557            let dropped = self.entities.take_dropped();
 558            if dropped.is_empty() {
 559                break;
 560            }
 561
 562            for (entity_id, mut entity) in dropped {
 563                self.observers.remove(&entity_id);
 564                self.event_listeners.remove(&entity_id);
 565                for release_callback in self.release_listeners.remove(&entity_id) {
 566                    release_callback(entity.as_mut(), self);
 567                }
 568            }
 569        }
 570    }
 571
 572    /// Repeatedly called during `flush_effects` to handle a focused handle being dropped.
 573    /// For now, we simply blur the window if this happens, but we may want to support invoking
 574    /// a window blur handler to restore focus to some logical element.
 575    fn release_dropped_focus_handles(&mut self) {
 576        for window_handle in self.windows() {
 577            window_handle
 578                .update(self, |_, cx| {
 579                    let mut blur_window = false;
 580                    let focus = cx.window.focus;
 581                    cx.window.focus_handles.write().retain(|handle_id, count| {
 582                        if count.load(SeqCst) == 0 {
 583                            if focus == Some(handle_id) {
 584                                blur_window = true;
 585                            }
 586                            false
 587                        } else {
 588                            true
 589                        }
 590                    });
 591
 592                    if blur_window {
 593                        cx.blur();
 594                    }
 595                })
 596                .unwrap();
 597        }
 598    }
 599
 600    fn apply_notify_effect(&mut self, emitter: EntityId) {
 601        self.pending_notifications.remove(&emitter);
 602        self.observers
 603            .clone()
 604            .retain(&emitter, |handler| handler(self));
 605    }
 606
 607    fn apply_emit_effect(&mut self, emitter: EntityId, event: Box<dyn Any>) {
 608        self.event_listeners
 609            .clone()
 610            .retain(&emitter, |handler| handler(event.as_ref(), self));
 611    }
 612
 613    fn apply_focus_changed_effect(
 614        &mut self,
 615        window_handle: AnyWindowHandle,
 616        focused: Option<FocusId>,
 617    ) {
 618        window_handle
 619            .update(self, |_, cx| {
 620                // The window might change focus multiple times in an effect cycle.
 621                // We only honor effects for the most recently focused handle.
 622                if cx.window.focus == focused {
 623                    let focused = focused
 624                        .map(|id| FocusHandle::for_id(id, &cx.window.focus_handles).unwrap());
 625                    let blurred = cx
 626                        .window
 627                        .last_blur
 628                        .take()
 629                        .unwrap()
 630                        .and_then(|id| FocusHandle::for_id(id, &cx.window.focus_handles));
 631                    let focus_changed = focused.is_some() || blurred.is_some();
 632                    let event = FocusEvent { focused, blurred };
 633
 634                    let mut listeners = mem::take(&mut cx.window.current_frame.focus_listeners);
 635                    if focus_changed {
 636                        for listener in &mut listeners {
 637                            listener(&event, cx);
 638                        }
 639                    }
 640                    listeners.extend(cx.window.current_frame.focus_listeners.drain(..));
 641                    cx.window.current_frame.focus_listeners = listeners;
 642
 643                    if focus_changed {
 644                        cx.window
 645                            .focus_listeners
 646                            .clone()
 647                            .retain(&(), |listener| listener(&event, cx));
 648                    }
 649                }
 650            })
 651            .ok();
 652    }
 653
 654    fn apply_refresh_effect(&mut self) {
 655        for window in self.windows.values_mut() {
 656            if let Some(window) = window.as_mut() {
 657                window.dirty = true;
 658            }
 659        }
 660    }
 661
 662    fn apply_notify_global_observers_effect(&mut self, type_id: TypeId) {
 663        self.pending_global_notifications.remove(&type_id);
 664        self.global_observers
 665            .clone()
 666            .retain(&type_id, |observer| observer(self));
 667    }
 668
 669    fn apply_defer_effect(&mut self, callback: Box<dyn FnOnce(&mut Self) + 'static>) {
 670        callback(self);
 671    }
 672
 673    /// Creates an `AsyncAppContext`, which can be cloned and has a static lifetime
 674    /// so it can be held across `await` points.
 675    pub fn to_async(&self) -> AsyncAppContext {
 676        AsyncAppContext {
 677            app: unsafe { mem::transmute(self.this.clone()) },
 678            background_executor: self.background_executor.clone(),
 679            foreground_executor: self.foreground_executor.clone(),
 680        }
 681    }
 682
 683    /// Obtains a reference to the executor, which can be used to spawn futures.
 684    pub fn background_executor(&self) -> &BackgroundExecutor {
 685        &self.background_executor
 686    }
 687
 688    /// Obtains a reference to the executor, which can be used to spawn futures.
 689    pub fn foreground_executor(&self) -> &ForegroundExecutor {
 690        &self.foreground_executor
 691    }
 692
 693    /// Spawns the future returned by the given function on the thread pool. The closure will be invoked
 694    /// with AsyncAppContext, which allows the application state to be accessed across await points.
 695    pub fn spawn<Fut, R>(&self, f: impl FnOnce(AsyncAppContext) -> Fut) -> Task<R>
 696    where
 697        Fut: Future<Output = R> + 'static,
 698        R: 'static,
 699    {
 700        self.foreground_executor.spawn(f(self.to_async()))
 701    }
 702
 703    /// Schedules the given function to be run at the end of the current effect cycle, allowing entities
 704    /// that are currently on the stack to be returned to the app.
 705    pub fn defer(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut AppContext) + 'static) {
 706        self.push_effect(Effect::Defer {
 707            callback: Box::new(f),
 708        });
 709    }
 710
 711    /// Accessor for the application's asset source, which is provided when constructing the `App`.
 712    pub fn asset_source(&self) -> &Arc<dyn AssetSource> {
 713        &self.asset_source
 714    }
 715
 716    /// Accessor for the text system.
 717    pub fn text_system(&self) -> &Arc<TextSystem> {
 718        &self.text_system
 719    }
 720
 721    /// The current text style. Which is composed of all the style refinements provided to `with_text_style`.
 722    pub fn text_style(&self) -> TextStyle {
 723        let mut style = TextStyle::default();
 724        for refinement in &self.text_style_stack {
 725            style.refine(refinement);
 726        }
 727        style
 728    }
 729
 730    /// Check whether a global of the given type has been assigned.
 731    pub fn has_global<G: 'static>(&self) -> bool {
 732        self.globals_by_type.contains_key(&TypeId::of::<G>())
 733    }
 734
 735    /// Access the global of the given type. Panics if a global for that type has not been assigned.
 736    #[track_caller]
 737    pub fn global<G: 'static>(&self) -> &G {
 738        self.globals_by_type
 739            .get(&TypeId::of::<G>())
 740            .map(|any_state| any_state.downcast_ref::<G>().unwrap())
 741            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("no state of type {} exists", type_name::<G>()))
 742            .unwrap()
 743    }
 744
 745    /// Access the global of the given type if a value has been assigned.
 746    pub fn try_global<G: 'static>(&self) -> Option<&G> {
 747        self.globals_by_type
 748            .get(&TypeId::of::<G>())
 749            .map(|any_state| any_state.downcast_ref::<G>().unwrap())
 750    }
 751
 752    /// Access the global of the given type mutably. Panics if a global for that type has not been assigned.
 753    #[track_caller]
 754    pub fn global_mut<G: 'static>(&mut self) -> &mut G {
 755        let global_type = TypeId::of::<G>();
 756        self.push_effect(Effect::NotifyGlobalObservers { global_type });
 757        self.globals_by_type
 758            .get_mut(&global_type)
 759            .and_then(|any_state| any_state.downcast_mut::<G>())
 760            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("no state of type {} exists", type_name::<G>()))
 761            .unwrap()
 762    }
 763
 764    /// Access the global of the given type mutably. A default value is assigned if a global of this type has not
 765    /// yet been assigned.
 766    pub fn default_global<G: 'static + Default>(&mut self) -> &mut G {
 767        let global_type = TypeId::of::<G>();
 768        self.push_effect(Effect::NotifyGlobalObservers { global_type });
 769        self.globals_by_type
 770            .entry(global_type)
 771            .or_insert_with(|| Box::new(G::default()))
 772            .downcast_mut::<G>()
 773            .unwrap()
 774    }
 775
 776    /// Set the value of the global of the given type.
 777    pub fn set_global<G: Any>(&mut self, global: G) {
 778        let global_type = TypeId::of::<G>();
 779        self.push_effect(Effect::NotifyGlobalObservers { global_type });
 780        self.globals_by_type.insert(global_type, Box::new(global));
 781    }
 782
 783    /// Clear all stored globals. Does not notify global observers.
 784    #[cfg(any(test, feature = "test-support"))]
 785    pub fn clear_globals(&mut self) {
 786        self.globals_by_type.drain();
 787    }
 788
 789    /// Remove the global of the given type from the app context. Does not notify global observers.
 790    #[cfg(any(test, feature = "test-support"))]
 791    pub fn remove_global<G: Any>(&mut self) -> G {
 792        let global_type = TypeId::of::<G>();
 793        *self
 794            .globals_by_type
 795            .remove(&global_type)
 796            .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("no global added for {}", std::any::type_name::<G>()))
 797            .downcast()
 798            .unwrap()
 799    }
 800
 801    /// Update the global of the given type with a closure. Unlike `global_mut`, this method provides
 802    /// your closure with mutable access to the `AppContext` and the global simultaneously.
 803    pub fn update_global<G: 'static, R>(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut G, &mut Self) -> R) -> R {
 804        let mut global = self.lease_global::<G>();
 805        let result = f(&mut global, self);
 806        self.end_global_lease(global);
 807        result
 808    }
 809
 810    /// Register a callback to be invoked when a global of the given type is updated.
 811    pub fn observe_global<G: 'static>(
 812        &mut self,
 813        mut f: impl FnMut(&mut Self) + 'static,
 814    ) -> Subscription {
 815        self.global_observers.insert(
 816            TypeId::of::<G>(),
 817            Box::new(move |cx| {
 818                f(cx);
 819                true
 820            }),
 821        )
 822    }
 823
 824    /// Move the global of the given type to the stack.
 825    pub(crate) fn lease_global<G: 'static>(&mut self) -> GlobalLease<G> {
 826        GlobalLease::new(
 827            self.globals_by_type
 828                .remove(&TypeId::of::<G>())
 829                .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("no global registered of type {}", type_name::<G>()))
 830                .unwrap(),
 831        )
 832    }
 833
 834    /// Restore the global of the given type after it is moved to the stack.
 835    pub(crate) fn end_global_lease<G: 'static>(&mut self, lease: GlobalLease<G>) {
 836        let global_type = TypeId::of::<G>();
 837        self.push_effect(Effect::NotifyGlobalObservers { global_type });
 838        self.globals_by_type.insert(global_type, lease.global);
 839    }
 840
 841    pub fn observe_release<E, T>(
 842        &mut self,
 843        handle: &E,
 844        on_release: impl FnOnce(&mut T, &mut AppContext) + 'static,
 845    ) -> Subscription
 846    where
 847        E: Entity<T>,
 848        T: 'static,
 849    {
 850        self.release_listeners.insert(
 851            handle.entity_id(),
 852            Box::new(move |entity, cx| {
 853                let entity = entity.downcast_mut().expect("invalid entity type");
 854                on_release(entity, cx)
 855            }),
 856        )
 857    }
 858
 859    pub(crate) fn push_text_style(&mut self, text_style: TextStyleRefinement) {
 860        self.text_style_stack.push(text_style);
 861    }
 862
 863    pub(crate) fn pop_text_style(&mut self) {
 864        self.text_style_stack.pop();
 865    }
 866
 867    /// Register key bindings.
 868    pub fn bind_keys(&mut self, bindings: impl IntoIterator<Item = KeyBinding>) {
 869        self.keymap.lock().add_bindings(bindings);
 870        self.pending_effects.push_back(Effect::Refresh);
 871    }
 872
 873    /// Register a global listener for actions invoked via the keyboard.
 874    pub fn on_action<A: Action>(&mut self, listener: impl Fn(&A, &mut Self) + 'static) {
 875        self.global_action_listeners
 876            .entry(TypeId::of::<A>())
 877            .or_default()
 878            .push(Box::new(move |action, phase, cx| {
 879                if phase == DispatchPhase::Bubble {
 880                    let action = action.as_any().downcast_ref().unwrap();
 881                    listener(action, cx)
 882                }
 883            }));
 884    }
 885
 886    /// Event handlers propagate events by default. Call this method to stop dispatching to
 887    /// event handlers with a lower z-index (mouse) or higher in the tree (keyboard). This is
 888    /// the opposite of [propagate]. It's also possible to cancel a call to [propagate] by
 889    /// calling this method before effects are flushed.
 890    pub fn stop_propagation(&mut self) {
 891        self.propagate_event = false;
 892    }
 893
 894    /// Action handlers stop propagation by default during the bubble phase of action dispatch
 895    /// dispatching to action handlers higher in the element tree. This is the opposite of
 896    /// [stop_propagation]. It's also possible to cancel a call to [stop_propagate] by calling
 897    /// this method before effects are flushed.
 898    pub fn propagate(&mut self) {
 899        self.propagate_event = true;
 900    }
 901}
 902
 903impl Context for AppContext {
 904    type Result<T> = T;
 905
 906    /// Build an entity that is owned by the application. The given function will be invoked with
 907    /// a `ModelContext` and must return an object representing the entity. A `Model` will be returned
 908    /// which can be used to access the entity in a context.
 909    fn build_model<T: 'static>(
 910        &mut self,
 911        build_model: impl FnOnce(&mut ModelContext<'_, T>) -> T,
 912    ) -> Model<T> {
 913        self.update(|cx| {
 914            let slot = cx.entities.reserve();
 915            let entity = build_model(&mut ModelContext::new(cx, slot.downgrade()));
 916            cx.entities.insert(slot, entity)
 917        })
 918    }
 919
 920    /// Update the entity referenced by the given model. The function is passed a mutable reference to the
 921    /// entity along with a `ModelContext` for the entity.
 922    fn update_model<T: 'static, R>(
 923        &mut self,
 924        model: &Model<T>,
 925        update: impl FnOnce(&mut T, &mut ModelContext<'_, T>) -> R,
 926    ) -> R {
 927        self.update(|cx| {
 928            let mut entity = cx.entities.lease(model);
 929            let result = update(&mut entity, &mut ModelContext::new(cx, model.downgrade()));
 930            cx.entities.end_lease(entity);
 931            result
 932        })
 933    }
 934
 935    fn update_window<T, F>(&mut self, handle: AnyWindowHandle, update: F) -> Result<T>
 936    where
 937        F: FnOnce(AnyView, &mut WindowContext<'_>) -> T,
 938    {
 939        self.update(|cx| {
 940            let mut window = cx
 941                .windows
 942                .get_mut(handle.id)
 943                .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("window not found"))?
 944                .take()
 945                .unwrap();
 946
 947            let root_view = window.root_view.clone().unwrap();
 948            let result = update(root_view, &mut WindowContext::new(cx, &mut window));
 949
 950            if !window.removed {
 951                cx.windows
 952                    .get_mut(handle.id)
 953                    .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("window not found"))?
 954                    .replace(window);
 955            }
 956
 957            Ok(result)
 958        })
 959    }
 960
 961    fn read_model<T, R>(
 962        &self,
 963        handle: &Model<T>,
 964        read: impl FnOnce(&T, &AppContext) -> R,
 965    ) -> Self::Result<R>
 966    where
 967        T: 'static,
 968    {
 969        let entity = self.entities.read(handle);
 970        read(entity, self)
 971    }
 972}
 973
 974/// These effects are processed at the end of each application update cycle.
 975pub(crate) enum Effect {
 976    Notify {
 977        emitter: EntityId,
 978    },
 979    Emit {
 980        emitter: EntityId,
 981        event: Box<dyn Any>,
 982    },
 983    FocusChanged {
 984        window_handle: AnyWindowHandle,
 985        focused: Option<FocusId>,
 986    },
 987    Refresh,
 988    NotifyGlobalObservers {
 989        global_type: TypeId,
 990    },
 991    Defer {
 992        callback: Box<dyn FnOnce(&mut AppContext) + 'static>,
 993    },
 994}
 995
 996/// Wraps a global variable value during `update_global` while the value has been moved to the stack.
 997pub(crate) struct GlobalLease<G: 'static> {
 998    global: AnyBox,
 999    global_type: PhantomData<G>,
1000}
1001
1002impl<G: 'static> GlobalLease<G> {
1003    fn new(global: AnyBox) -> Self {
1004        GlobalLease {
1005            global,
1006            global_type: PhantomData,
1007        }
1008    }
1009}
1010
1011impl<G: 'static> Deref for GlobalLease<G> {
1012    type Target = G;
1013
1014    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
1015        self.global.downcast_ref().unwrap()
1016    }
1017}
1018
1019impl<G: 'static> DerefMut for GlobalLease<G> {
1020    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
1021        self.global.downcast_mut().unwrap()
1022    }
1023}
1024
1025/// Contains state associated with an active drag operation, started by dragging an element
1026/// within the window or by dragging into the app from the underlying platform.
1027pub(crate) struct AnyDrag {
1028    pub view: AnyView,
1029    pub cursor_offset: Point<Pixels>,
1030}
1031
1032#[derive(Clone)]
1033pub(crate) struct AnyTooltip {
1034    pub view: AnyView,
1035    pub cursor_offset: Point<Pixels>,
1036}