window.rs

   1use crate::{
   2    px, size, transparent_black, Action, AnyDrag, AnyView, AppContext, Arena, AsyncWindowContext,
   3    AvailableSpace, Bounds, Context, Corners, CursorStyle, DispatchActionListener, DispatchNodeId,
   4    DispatchTree, DisplayId, Edges, Effect, Entity, EntityId, EventEmitter, FileDropEvent, Flatten,
   5    Global, GlobalElementId, Hsla, KeyBinding, KeyContext, KeyDownEvent, KeyMatch, KeymatchMode,
   6    KeymatchResult, Keystroke, KeystrokeEvent, Model, ModelContext, Modifiers, MouseButton,
   7    MouseMoveEvent, MouseUpEvent, Pixels, PlatformAtlas, PlatformDisplay, PlatformInput,
   8    PlatformWindow, Point, PromptLevel, Render, ScaledPixels, SharedString, Size, SubscriberSet,
   9    Subscription, TaffyLayoutEngine, Task, View, VisualContext, WeakView, WindowAppearance,
  10    WindowBounds, WindowOptions, WindowTextSystem,
  11};
  12use anyhow::{anyhow, Context as _, Result};
  13use collections::FxHashSet;
  14use derive_more::{Deref, DerefMut};
  15use futures::{
  16    channel::{mpsc, oneshot},
  17    StreamExt,
  18};
  19use parking_lot::RwLock;
  20use slotmap::SlotMap;
  21use smallvec::SmallVec;
  22use std::{
  23    any::{Any, TypeId},
  24    borrow::{Borrow, BorrowMut},
  25    cell::RefCell,
  26    collections::hash_map::Entry,
  27    fmt::{Debug, Display},
  28    future::Future,
  29    hash::{Hash, Hasher},
  30    marker::PhantomData,
  31    mem,
  32    rc::Rc,
  33    sync::{
  34        atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering::SeqCst},
  35        Arc,
  36    },
  37    time::Duration,
  38};
  39use util::{measure, ResultExt};
  40
  41mod element_cx;
  42pub use element_cx::*;
  43
  44const ACTIVE_DRAG_Z_INDEX: u16 = 1;
  45
  46/// A global stacking order, which is created by stacking successive z-index values.
  47/// Each z-index will always be interpreted in the context of its parent z-index.
  48#[derive(Debug, Deref, DerefMut, Clone, Ord, PartialOrd, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]
  49pub struct StackingOrder(SmallVec<[StackingContext; 64]>);
  50
  51/// A single entry in a primitive's z-index stacking order
  52#[derive(Clone, Ord, PartialOrd, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]
  53pub struct StackingContext {
  54    pub(crate) z_index: u16,
  55    pub(crate) id: u16,
  56}
  57
  58impl std::fmt::Debug for StackingContext {
  59    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
  60        write!(f, "{{{}.{}}} ", self.z_index, self.id)
  61    }
  62}
  63
  64/// Represents the two different phases when dispatching events.
  65#[derive(Default, Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
  66pub enum DispatchPhase {
  67    /// After the capture phase comes the bubble phase, in which mouse event listeners are
  68    /// invoked front to back and keyboard event listeners are invoked from the focused element
  69    /// to the root of the element tree. This is the phase you'll most commonly want to use when
  70    /// registering event listeners.
  71    #[default]
  72    Bubble,
  73    /// During the initial capture phase, mouse event listeners are invoked back to front, and keyboard
  74    /// listeners are invoked from the root of the tree downward toward the focused element. This phase
  75    /// is used for special purposes such as clearing the "pressed" state for click events. If
  76    /// you stop event propagation during this phase, you need to know what you're doing. Handlers
  77    /// outside of the immediate region may rely on detecting non-local events during this phase.
  78    Capture,
  79}
  80
  81impl DispatchPhase {
  82    /// Returns true if this represents the "bubble" phase.
  83    pub fn bubble(self) -> bool {
  84        self == DispatchPhase::Bubble
  85    }
  86
  87    /// Returns true if this represents the "capture" phase.
  88    pub fn capture(self) -> bool {
  89        self == DispatchPhase::Capture
  90    }
  91}
  92
  93type AnyObserver = Box<dyn FnMut(&mut WindowContext) -> bool + 'static>;
  94
  95type AnyWindowFocusListener = Box<dyn FnMut(&FocusEvent, &mut WindowContext) -> bool + 'static>;
  96
  97struct FocusEvent {
  98    previous_focus_path: SmallVec<[FocusId; 8]>,
  99    current_focus_path: SmallVec<[FocusId; 8]>,
 100}
 101
 102slotmap::new_key_type! {
 103    /// A globally unique identifier for a focusable element.
 104    pub struct FocusId;
 105}
 106
 107thread_local! {
 108    pub(crate) static ELEMENT_ARENA: RefCell<Arena> = RefCell::new(Arena::new(8 * 1024 * 1024));
 109}
 110
 111impl FocusId {
 112    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle is currently focused.
 113    pub fn is_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 114        cx.window.focus == Some(*self)
 115    }
 116
 117    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle contains the focused
 118    /// element or is itself focused.
 119    pub fn contains_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 120        cx.focused()
 121            .map_or(false, |focused| self.contains(focused.id, cx))
 122    }
 123
 124    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle is contained within the
 125    /// focused element or is itself focused.
 126    pub fn within_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 127        let focused = cx.focused();
 128        focused.map_or(false, |focused| focused.id.contains(*self, cx))
 129    }
 130
 131    /// Obtains whether this handle contains the given handle in the most recently rendered frame.
 132    pub(crate) fn contains(&self, other: Self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 133        cx.window
 134            .rendered_frame
 135            .dispatch_tree
 136            .focus_contains(*self, other)
 137    }
 138}
 139
 140/// A handle which can be used to track and manipulate the focused element in a window.
 141pub struct FocusHandle {
 142    pub(crate) id: FocusId,
 143    handles: Arc<RwLock<SlotMap<FocusId, AtomicUsize>>>,
 144}
 145
 146impl std::fmt::Debug for FocusHandle {
 147    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
 148        f.write_fmt(format_args!("FocusHandle({:?})", self.id))
 149    }
 150}
 151
 152impl FocusHandle {
 153    pub(crate) fn new(handles: &Arc<RwLock<SlotMap<FocusId, AtomicUsize>>>) -> Self {
 154        let id = handles.write().insert(AtomicUsize::new(1));
 155        Self {
 156            id,
 157            handles: handles.clone(),
 158        }
 159    }
 160
 161    pub(crate) fn for_id(
 162        id: FocusId,
 163        handles: &Arc<RwLock<SlotMap<FocusId, AtomicUsize>>>,
 164    ) -> Option<Self> {
 165        let lock = handles.read();
 166        let ref_count = lock.get(id)?;
 167        if ref_count.load(SeqCst) == 0 {
 168            None
 169        } else {
 170            ref_count.fetch_add(1, SeqCst);
 171            Some(Self {
 172                id,
 173                handles: handles.clone(),
 174            })
 175        }
 176    }
 177
 178    /// Moves the focus to the element associated with this handle.
 179    pub fn focus(&self, cx: &mut WindowContext) {
 180        cx.focus(self)
 181    }
 182
 183    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle is currently focused.
 184    pub fn is_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 185        self.id.is_focused(cx)
 186    }
 187
 188    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle contains the focused
 189    /// element or is itself focused.
 190    pub fn contains_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 191        self.id.contains_focused(cx)
 192    }
 193
 194    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle is contained within the
 195    /// focused element or is itself focused.
 196    pub fn within_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 197        self.id.within_focused(cx)
 198    }
 199
 200    /// Obtains whether this handle contains the given handle in the most recently rendered frame.
 201    pub fn contains(&self, other: &Self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 202        self.id.contains(other.id, cx)
 203    }
 204}
 205
 206impl Clone for FocusHandle {
 207    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
 208        Self::for_id(self.id, &self.handles).unwrap()
 209    }
 210}
 211
 212impl PartialEq for FocusHandle {
 213    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
 214        self.id == other.id
 215    }
 216}
 217
 218impl Eq for FocusHandle {}
 219
 220impl Drop for FocusHandle {
 221    fn drop(&mut self) {
 222        self.handles
 223            .read()
 224            .get(self.id)
 225            .unwrap()
 226            .fetch_sub(1, SeqCst);
 227    }
 228}
 229
 230/// FocusableView allows users of your view to easily
 231/// focus it (using cx.focus_view(view))
 232pub trait FocusableView: 'static + Render {
 233    /// Returns the focus handle associated with this view.
 234    fn focus_handle(&self, cx: &AppContext) -> FocusHandle;
 235}
 236
 237/// ManagedView is a view (like a Modal, Popover, Menu, etc.)
 238/// where the lifecycle of the view is handled by another view.
 239pub trait ManagedView: FocusableView + EventEmitter<DismissEvent> {}
 240
 241impl<M: FocusableView + EventEmitter<DismissEvent>> ManagedView for M {}
 242
 243/// Emitted by implementers of [`ManagedView`] to indicate the view should be dismissed, such as when a view is presented as a modal.
 244pub struct DismissEvent;
 245
 246// Holds the state for a specific window.
 247#[doc(hidden)]
 248pub struct Window {
 249    pub(crate) handle: AnyWindowHandle,
 250    pub(crate) removed: bool,
 251    pub(crate) platform_window: Box<dyn PlatformWindow>,
 252    display_id: DisplayId,
 253    sprite_atlas: Arc<dyn PlatformAtlas>,
 254    text_system: Arc<WindowTextSystem>,
 255    pub(crate) rem_size: Pixels,
 256    pub(crate) viewport_size: Size<Pixels>,
 257    layout_engine: Option<TaffyLayoutEngine>,
 258    pub(crate) root_view: Option<AnyView>,
 259    pub(crate) element_id_stack: GlobalElementId,
 260    pub(crate) rendered_frame: Frame,
 261    pub(crate) next_frame: Frame,
 262    pub(crate) dirty_views: FxHashSet<EntityId>,
 263    pub(crate) focus_handles: Arc<RwLock<SlotMap<FocusId, AtomicUsize>>>,
 264    focus_listeners: SubscriberSet<(), AnyWindowFocusListener>,
 265    focus_lost_listeners: SubscriberSet<(), AnyObserver>,
 266    default_prevented: bool,
 267    mouse_position: Point<Pixels>,
 268    modifiers: Modifiers,
 269    scale_factor: f32,
 270    bounds: WindowBounds,
 271    bounds_observers: SubscriberSet<(), AnyObserver>,
 272    appearance: WindowAppearance,
 273    appearance_observers: SubscriberSet<(), AnyObserver>,
 274    active: bool,
 275    pub(crate) dirty: bool,
 276    pub(crate) refreshing: bool,
 277    pub(crate) drawing: bool,
 278    activation_observers: SubscriberSet<(), AnyObserver>,
 279    pub(crate) focus: Option<FocusId>,
 280    focus_enabled: bool,
 281    pending_input: Option<PendingInput>,
 282}
 283
 284#[derive(Default, Debug)]
 285struct PendingInput {
 286    keystrokes: SmallVec<[Keystroke; 1]>,
 287    bindings: SmallVec<[KeyBinding; 1]>,
 288    focus: Option<FocusId>,
 289    timer: Option<Task<()>>,
 290}
 291
 292impl PendingInput {
 293    fn is_noop(&self) -> bool {
 294        self.bindings.is_empty() && (self.keystrokes.iter().all(|k| k.ime_key.is_none()))
 295    }
 296
 297    fn input(&self) -> String {
 298        self.keystrokes
 299            .iter()
 300            .flat_map(|k| k.ime_key.clone())
 301            .collect::<Vec<String>>()
 302            .join("")
 303    }
 304
 305    fn used_by_binding(&self, binding: &KeyBinding) -> bool {
 306        if self.keystrokes.is_empty() {
 307            return true;
 308        }
 309        let keystroke = &self.keystrokes[0];
 310        for candidate in keystroke.match_candidates() {
 311            if binding.match_keystrokes(&[candidate]) == KeyMatch::Pending {
 312                return true;
 313            }
 314        }
 315        false
 316    }
 317}
 318
 319pub(crate) struct ElementStateBox {
 320    pub(crate) inner: Box<dyn Any>,
 321    pub(crate) parent_view_id: EntityId,
 322    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
 323    pub(crate) type_name: &'static str,
 324}
 325
 326impl Window {
 327    pub(crate) fn new(
 328        handle: AnyWindowHandle,
 329        options: WindowOptions,
 330        cx: &mut AppContext,
 331    ) -> Self {
 332        let platform_window = cx.platform.open_window(handle, options);
 333        let display_id = platform_window.display().id();
 334        let sprite_atlas = platform_window.sprite_atlas();
 335        let mouse_position = platform_window.mouse_position();
 336        let modifiers = platform_window.modifiers();
 337        let content_size = platform_window.content_size();
 338        let scale_factor = platform_window.scale_factor();
 339        let bounds = platform_window.bounds();
 340        let appearance = platform_window.appearance();
 341        let text_system = Arc::new(WindowTextSystem::new(cx.text_system().clone()));
 342
 343        platform_window.on_request_frame(Box::new({
 344            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 345            move || {
 346                measure("frame duration", || {
 347                    handle.update(&mut cx, |_, cx| cx.draw()).log_err();
 348                })
 349            }
 350        }));
 351        platform_window.on_resize(Box::new({
 352            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 353            move |_, _| {
 354                handle
 355                    .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| cx.window_bounds_changed())
 356                    .log_err();
 357            }
 358        }));
 359        platform_window.on_moved(Box::new({
 360            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 361            move || {
 362                handle
 363                    .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| cx.window_bounds_changed())
 364                    .log_err();
 365            }
 366        }));
 367        platform_window.on_appearance_changed(Box::new({
 368            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 369            move || {
 370                handle
 371                    .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| cx.appearance_changed())
 372                    .log_err();
 373            }
 374        }));
 375        platform_window.on_active_status_change(Box::new({
 376            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 377            move |active| {
 378                handle
 379                    .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| {
 380                        cx.window.active = active;
 381                        cx.window
 382                            .activation_observers
 383                            .clone()
 384                            .retain(&(), |callback| callback(cx));
 385                    })
 386                    .log_err();
 387            }
 388        }));
 389
 390        platform_window.on_input({
 391            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 392            Box::new(move |event| {
 393                handle
 394                    .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| cx.dispatch_event(event))
 395                    .log_err()
 396                    .unwrap_or(false)
 397            })
 398        });
 399
 400        Window {
 401            handle,
 402            removed: false,
 403            platform_window,
 404            display_id,
 405            sprite_atlas,
 406            text_system,
 407            rem_size: px(16.),
 408            viewport_size: content_size,
 409            layout_engine: Some(TaffyLayoutEngine::new()),
 410            root_view: None,
 411            element_id_stack: GlobalElementId::default(),
 412            rendered_frame: Frame::new(DispatchTree::new(cx.keymap.clone(), cx.actions.clone())),
 413            next_frame: Frame::new(DispatchTree::new(cx.keymap.clone(), cx.actions.clone())),
 414            dirty_views: FxHashSet::default(),
 415            focus_handles: Arc::new(RwLock::new(SlotMap::with_key())),
 416            focus_listeners: SubscriberSet::new(),
 417            focus_lost_listeners: SubscriberSet::new(),
 418            default_prevented: true,
 419            mouse_position,
 420            modifiers,
 421            scale_factor,
 422            bounds,
 423            bounds_observers: SubscriberSet::new(),
 424            appearance,
 425            appearance_observers: SubscriberSet::new(),
 426            active: false,
 427            dirty: false,
 428            refreshing: false,
 429            drawing: false,
 430            activation_observers: SubscriberSet::new(),
 431            focus: None,
 432            focus_enabled: true,
 433            pending_input: None,
 434        }
 435    }
 436}
 437
 438/// Indicates which region of the window is visible. Content falling outside of this mask will not be
 439/// rendered. Currently, only rectangular content masks are supported, but we give the mask its own type
 440/// to leave room to support more complex shapes in the future.
 441#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
 442#[repr(C)]
 443pub struct ContentMask<P: Clone + Default + Debug> {
 444    /// The bounds
 445    pub bounds: Bounds<P>,
 446}
 447
 448impl ContentMask<Pixels> {
 449    /// Scale the content mask's pixel units by the given scaling factor.
 450    pub fn scale(&self, factor: f32) -> ContentMask<ScaledPixels> {
 451        ContentMask {
 452            bounds: self.bounds.scale(factor),
 453        }
 454    }
 455
 456    /// Intersect the content mask with the given content mask.
 457    pub fn intersect(&self, other: &Self) -> Self {
 458        let bounds = self.bounds.intersect(&other.bounds);
 459        ContentMask { bounds }
 460    }
 461}
 462
 463/// Provides access to application state in the context of a single window. Derefs
 464/// to an [`AppContext`], so you can also pass a [`WindowContext`] to any method that takes
 465/// an [`AppContext`] and call any [`AppContext`] methods.
 466pub struct WindowContext<'a> {
 467    pub(crate) app: &'a mut AppContext,
 468    pub(crate) window: &'a mut Window,
 469}
 470
 471impl<'a> WindowContext<'a> {
 472    pub(crate) fn new(app: &'a mut AppContext, window: &'a mut Window) -> Self {
 473        Self { app, window }
 474    }
 475
 476    /// Obtain a handle to the window that belongs to this context.
 477    pub fn window_handle(&self) -> AnyWindowHandle {
 478        self.window.handle
 479    }
 480
 481    /// Mark the window as dirty, scheduling it to be redrawn on the next frame.
 482    pub fn refresh(&mut self) {
 483        if !self.window.drawing {
 484            self.window.refreshing = true;
 485            self.window.dirty = true;
 486        }
 487    }
 488
 489    /// Close this window.
 490    pub fn remove_window(&mut self) {
 491        self.window.removed = true;
 492    }
 493
 494    /// Obtain a new [`FocusHandle`], which allows you to track and manipulate the keyboard focus
 495    /// for elements rendered within this window.
 496    pub fn focus_handle(&mut self) -> FocusHandle {
 497        FocusHandle::new(&self.window.focus_handles)
 498    }
 499
 500    /// Obtain the currently focused [`FocusHandle`]. If no elements are focused, returns `None`.
 501    pub fn focused(&self) -> Option<FocusHandle> {
 502        self.window
 503            .focus
 504            .and_then(|id| FocusHandle::for_id(id, &self.window.focus_handles))
 505    }
 506
 507    /// Move focus to the element associated with the given [`FocusHandle`].
 508    pub fn focus(&mut self, handle: &FocusHandle) {
 509        if !self.window.focus_enabled || self.window.focus == Some(handle.id) {
 510            return;
 511        }
 512
 513        self.window.focus = Some(handle.id);
 514        self.window
 515            .rendered_frame
 516            .dispatch_tree
 517            .clear_pending_keystrokes();
 518        self.refresh();
 519    }
 520
 521    /// Remove focus from all elements within this context's window.
 522    pub fn blur(&mut self) {
 523        if !self.window.focus_enabled {
 524            return;
 525        }
 526
 527        self.window.focus = None;
 528        self.refresh();
 529    }
 530
 531    /// Blur the window and don't allow anything in it to be focused again.
 532    pub fn disable_focus(&mut self) {
 533        self.blur();
 534        self.window.focus_enabled = false;
 535    }
 536
 537    /// Accessor for the text system.
 538    pub fn text_system(&self) -> &Arc<WindowTextSystem> {
 539        &self.window.text_system
 540    }
 541
 542    /// Dispatch the given action on the currently focused element.
 543    pub fn dispatch_action(&mut self, action: Box<dyn Action>) {
 544        let focus_handle = self.focused();
 545
 546        self.defer(move |cx| {
 547            let node_id = focus_handle
 548                .and_then(|handle| {
 549                    cx.window
 550                        .rendered_frame
 551                        .dispatch_tree
 552                        .focusable_node_id(handle.id)
 553                })
 554                .unwrap_or_else(|| cx.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.root_node_id());
 555
 556            cx.propagate_event = true;
 557            cx.dispatch_action_on_node(node_id, action);
 558        })
 559    }
 560
 561    pub(crate) fn dispatch_keystroke_observers(
 562        &mut self,
 563        event: &dyn Any,
 564        action: Option<Box<dyn Action>>,
 565    ) {
 566        let Some(key_down_event) = event.downcast_ref::<KeyDownEvent>() else {
 567            return;
 568        };
 569
 570        self.keystroke_observers
 571            .clone()
 572            .retain(&(), move |callback| {
 573                (callback)(
 574                    &KeystrokeEvent {
 575                        keystroke: key_down_event.keystroke.clone(),
 576                        action: action.as_ref().map(|action| action.boxed_clone()),
 577                    },
 578                    self,
 579                );
 580                true
 581            });
 582    }
 583
 584    pub(crate) fn clear_pending_keystrokes(&mut self) {
 585        self.window
 586            .rendered_frame
 587            .dispatch_tree
 588            .clear_pending_keystrokes();
 589        self.window
 590            .next_frame
 591            .dispatch_tree
 592            .clear_pending_keystrokes();
 593    }
 594
 595    /// Schedules the given function to be run at the end of the current effect cycle, allowing entities
 596    /// that are currently on the stack to be returned to the app.
 597    pub fn defer(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut WindowContext) + 'static) {
 598        let handle = self.window.handle;
 599        self.app.defer(move |cx| {
 600            handle.update(cx, |_, cx| f(cx)).ok();
 601        });
 602    }
 603
 604    /// Subscribe to events emitted by a model or view.
 605    /// The entity to which you're subscribing must implement the [`EventEmitter`] trait.
 606    /// The callback will be invoked a handle to the emitting entity (either a [`View`] or [`Model`]), the event, and a window context for the current window.
 607    pub fn subscribe<Emitter, E, Evt>(
 608        &mut self,
 609        entity: &E,
 610        mut on_event: impl FnMut(E, &Evt, &mut WindowContext<'_>) + 'static,
 611    ) -> Subscription
 612    where
 613        Emitter: EventEmitter<Evt>,
 614        E: Entity<Emitter>,
 615        Evt: 'static,
 616    {
 617        let entity_id = entity.entity_id();
 618        let entity = entity.downgrade();
 619        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
 620        let (subscription, activate) = self.app.event_listeners.insert(
 621            entity_id,
 622            (
 623                TypeId::of::<Evt>(),
 624                Box::new(move |event, cx| {
 625                    window_handle
 626                        .update(cx, |_, cx| {
 627                            if let Some(handle) = E::upgrade_from(&entity) {
 628                                let event = event.downcast_ref().expect("invalid event type");
 629                                on_event(handle, event, cx);
 630                                true
 631                            } else {
 632                                false
 633                            }
 634                        })
 635                        .unwrap_or(false)
 636                }),
 637            ),
 638        );
 639        self.app.defer(move |_| activate());
 640        subscription
 641    }
 642
 643    /// Creates an [`AsyncWindowContext`], which has a static lifetime and can be held across
 644    /// await points in async code.
 645    pub fn to_async(&self) -> AsyncWindowContext {
 646        AsyncWindowContext::new(self.app.to_async(), self.window.handle)
 647    }
 648
 649    /// Schedule the given closure to be run directly after the current frame is rendered.
 650    pub fn on_next_frame(&mut self, callback: impl FnOnce(&mut WindowContext) + 'static) {
 651        let handle = self.window.handle;
 652        let display_id = self.window.display_id;
 653
 654        let mut frame_consumers = std::mem::take(&mut self.app.frame_consumers);
 655        if let Entry::Vacant(e) = frame_consumers.entry(display_id) {
 656            let (tx, mut rx) = mpsc::unbounded::<()>();
 657            self.platform.set_display_link_output_callback(
 658                display_id,
 659                Box::new(move || _ = tx.unbounded_send(())),
 660            );
 661
 662            let consumer_task = self.app.spawn(|cx| async move {
 663                while rx.next().await.is_some() {
 664                    cx.update(|cx| {
 665                        for callback in cx
 666                            .next_frame_callbacks
 667                            .get_mut(&display_id)
 668                            .unwrap()
 669                            .drain(..)
 670                            .collect::<SmallVec<[_; 32]>>()
 671                        {
 672                            callback(cx);
 673                        }
 674                    })
 675                    .ok();
 676
 677                    // Flush effects, then stop the display link if no new next_frame_callbacks have been added.
 678
 679                    cx.update(|cx| {
 680                        if cx.next_frame_callbacks.is_empty() {
 681                            cx.platform.stop_display_link(display_id);
 682                        }
 683                    })
 684                    .ok();
 685                }
 686            });
 687            e.insert(consumer_task);
 688        }
 689        debug_assert!(self.app.frame_consumers.is_empty());
 690        self.app.frame_consumers = frame_consumers;
 691
 692        if self.next_frame_callbacks.is_empty() {
 693            self.platform.start_display_link(display_id);
 694        }
 695
 696        self.next_frame_callbacks
 697            .entry(display_id)
 698            .or_default()
 699            .push(Box::new(move |cx: &mut AppContext| {
 700                cx.update_window(handle, |_root_view, cx| callback(cx)).ok();
 701            }));
 702    }
 703
 704    /// Spawn the future returned by the given closure on the application thread pool.
 705    /// The closure is provided a handle to the current window and an `AsyncWindowContext` for
 706    /// use within your future.
 707    pub fn spawn<Fut, R>(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(AsyncWindowContext) -> Fut) -> Task<R>
 708    where
 709        R: 'static,
 710        Fut: Future<Output = R> + 'static,
 711    {
 712        self.app
 713            .spawn(|app| f(AsyncWindowContext::new(app, self.window.handle)))
 714    }
 715
 716    /// Updates the global of the given type. The given closure is given simultaneous mutable
 717    /// access both to the global and the context.
 718    pub fn update_global<G, R>(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut G, &mut Self) -> R) -> R
 719    where
 720        G: Global,
 721    {
 722        let mut global = self.app.lease_global::<G>();
 723        let result = f(&mut global, self);
 724        self.app.end_global_lease(global);
 725        result
 726    }
 727
 728    fn window_bounds_changed(&mut self) {
 729        self.window.scale_factor = self.window.platform_window.scale_factor();
 730        self.window.viewport_size = self.window.platform_window.content_size();
 731        self.window.bounds = self.window.platform_window.bounds();
 732        self.window.display_id = self.window.platform_window.display().id();
 733        self.refresh();
 734
 735        self.window
 736            .bounds_observers
 737            .clone()
 738            .retain(&(), |callback| callback(self));
 739    }
 740
 741    /// Returns the bounds of the current window in the global coordinate space, which could span across multiple displays.
 742    pub fn window_bounds(&self) -> WindowBounds {
 743        self.window.bounds
 744    }
 745
 746    fn appearance_changed(&mut self) {
 747        self.window.appearance = self.window.platform_window.appearance();
 748
 749        self.window
 750            .appearance_observers
 751            .clone()
 752            .retain(&(), |callback| callback(self));
 753    }
 754
 755    /// Returns the appearance of the current window.
 756    pub fn appearance(&self) -> WindowAppearance {
 757        self.window.appearance
 758    }
 759
 760    /// Returns the size of the drawable area within the window.
 761    pub fn viewport_size(&self) -> Size<Pixels> {
 762        self.window.viewport_size
 763    }
 764
 765    /// Returns whether this window is focused by the operating system (receiving key events).
 766    pub fn is_window_active(&self) -> bool {
 767        self.window.active
 768    }
 769
 770    /// Toggle zoom on the window.
 771    pub fn zoom_window(&self) {
 772        self.window.platform_window.zoom();
 773    }
 774
 775    /// Updates the window's title at the platform level.
 776    pub fn set_window_title(&mut self, title: &str) {
 777        self.window.platform_window.set_title(title);
 778    }
 779
 780    /// Mark the window as dirty at the platform level.
 781    pub fn set_window_edited(&mut self, edited: bool) {
 782        self.window.platform_window.set_edited(edited);
 783    }
 784
 785    /// Determine the display on which the window is visible.
 786    pub fn display(&self) -> Option<Rc<dyn PlatformDisplay>> {
 787        self.platform
 788            .displays()
 789            .into_iter()
 790            .find(|display| display.id() == self.window.display_id)
 791    }
 792
 793    /// Show the platform character palette.
 794    pub fn show_character_palette(&self) {
 795        self.window.platform_window.show_character_palette();
 796    }
 797
 798    /// The scale factor of the display associated with the window. For example, it could
 799    /// return 2.0 for a "retina" display, indicating that each logical pixel should actually
 800    /// be rendered as two pixels on screen.
 801    pub fn scale_factor(&self) -> f32 {
 802        self.window.scale_factor
 803    }
 804
 805    /// The size of an em for the base font of the application. Adjusting this value allows the
 806    /// UI to scale, just like zooming a web page.
 807    pub fn rem_size(&self) -> Pixels {
 808        self.window.rem_size
 809    }
 810
 811    /// Sets the size of an em for the base font of the application. Adjusting this value allows the
 812    /// UI to scale, just like zooming a web page.
 813    pub fn set_rem_size(&mut self, rem_size: impl Into<Pixels>) {
 814        self.window.rem_size = rem_size.into();
 815    }
 816
 817    /// The line height associated with the current text style.
 818    pub fn line_height(&self) -> Pixels {
 819        let rem_size = self.rem_size();
 820        let text_style = self.text_style();
 821        text_style
 822            .line_height
 823            .to_pixels(text_style.font_size, rem_size)
 824    }
 825
 826    /// Call to prevent the default action of an event. Currently only used to prevent
 827    /// parent elements from becoming focused on mouse down.
 828    pub fn prevent_default(&mut self) {
 829        self.window.default_prevented = true;
 830    }
 831
 832    /// Obtain whether default has been prevented for the event currently being dispatched.
 833    pub fn default_prevented(&self) -> bool {
 834        self.window.default_prevented
 835    }
 836
 837    /// Determine whether the given action is available along the dispatch path to the currently focused element.
 838    pub fn is_action_available(&self, action: &dyn Action) -> bool {
 839        let target = self
 840            .focused()
 841            .and_then(|focused_handle| {
 842                self.window
 843                    .rendered_frame
 844                    .dispatch_tree
 845                    .focusable_node_id(focused_handle.id)
 846            })
 847            .unwrap_or_else(|| self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.root_node_id());
 848        self.window
 849            .rendered_frame
 850            .dispatch_tree
 851            .is_action_available(action, target)
 852    }
 853
 854    /// The position of the mouse relative to the window.
 855    pub fn mouse_position(&self) -> Point<Pixels> {
 856        self.window.mouse_position
 857    }
 858
 859    /// The current state of the keyboard's modifiers
 860    pub fn modifiers(&self) -> Modifiers {
 861        self.window.modifiers
 862    }
 863
 864    /// Returns true if there is no opaque layer containing the given point
 865    /// on top of the given level. Layers who are extensions of the queried layer
 866    /// are not considered to be on top of queried layer.
 867    pub fn was_top_layer(&self, point: &Point<Pixels>, layer: &StackingOrder) -> bool {
 868        // Precondition: the depth map is ordered from topmost to bottomost.
 869
 870        for (opaque_layer, _, bounds) in self.window.rendered_frame.depth_map.iter() {
 871            if layer >= opaque_layer {
 872                // The queried layer is either above or is the same as the this opaque layer.
 873                // Anything after this point is guaranteed to be below the queried layer.
 874                return true;
 875            }
 876
 877            if !bounds.contains(point) {
 878                // This opaque layer is above the queried layer but it doesn't contain
 879                // the given position, so we can ignore it even if it's above.
 880                continue;
 881            }
 882
 883            // At this point, we've established that this opaque layer is on top of the queried layer
 884            // and contains the position:
 885            // If neither the opaque layer or the queried layer is an extension of the other then
 886            // we know they are on different stacking orders, and return false.
 887            let is_on_same_layer = opaque_layer
 888                .iter()
 889                .zip(layer.iter())
 890                .all(|(a, b)| a.z_index == b.z_index);
 891
 892            if !is_on_same_layer {
 893                return false;
 894            }
 895        }
 896
 897        true
 898    }
 899
 900    pub(crate) fn was_top_layer_under_active_drag(
 901        &self,
 902        point: &Point<Pixels>,
 903        layer: &StackingOrder,
 904    ) -> bool {
 905        // Precondition: the depth map is ordered from topmost to bottomost.
 906
 907        for (opaque_layer, _, bounds) in self.window.rendered_frame.depth_map.iter() {
 908            if layer >= opaque_layer {
 909                // The queried layer is either above or is the same as the this opaque layer.
 910                // Anything after this point is guaranteed to be below the queried layer.
 911                return true;
 912            }
 913
 914            if !bounds.contains(point) {
 915                // This opaque layer is above the queried layer but it doesn't contain
 916                // the given position, so we can ignore it even if it's above.
 917                continue;
 918            }
 919
 920            // All normal content is rendered with a base z-index of 0, we know that if the root of this opaque layer
 921            // equals `ACTIVE_DRAG_Z_INDEX` then it must be the drag layer and we can ignore it as we are
 922            // looking to see if the queried layer was the topmost underneath the drag layer.
 923            if opaque_layer
 924                .first()
 925                .map(|c| c.z_index == ACTIVE_DRAG_Z_INDEX)
 926                .unwrap_or(false)
 927            {
 928                continue;
 929            }
 930
 931            // At this point, we've established that this opaque layer is on top of the queried layer
 932            // and contains the position:
 933            // If neither the opaque layer or the queried layer is an extension of the other then
 934            // we know they are on different stacking orders, and return false.
 935            let is_on_same_layer = opaque_layer
 936                .iter()
 937                .zip(layer.iter())
 938                .all(|(a, b)| a.z_index == b.z_index);
 939
 940            if !is_on_same_layer {
 941                return false;
 942            }
 943        }
 944
 945        true
 946    }
 947
 948    /// Called during painting to get the current stacking order.
 949    pub fn stacking_order(&self) -> &StackingOrder {
 950        &self.window.next_frame.z_index_stack
 951    }
 952
 953    /// Draw pixels to the display for this window based on the contents of its scene.
 954    pub(crate) fn draw(&mut self) {
 955        self.window.dirty = false;
 956        self.window.drawing = true;
 957
 958        if let Some(requested_handler) = self.window.rendered_frame.requested_input_handler.as_mut()
 959        {
 960            let input_handler = self.window.platform_window.take_input_handler();
 961            requested_handler.handler = input_handler;
 962        }
 963
 964        let root_view = self.window.root_view.take().unwrap();
 965        self.with_element_context(|cx| {
 966            cx.with_z_index(0, |cx| {
 967                cx.with_key_dispatch(Some(KeyContext::default()), None, |_, cx| {
 968                    // We need to use cx.cx here so we can utilize borrow splitting
 969                    for (action_type, action_listeners) in &cx.cx.app.global_action_listeners {
 970                        for action_listener in action_listeners.iter().cloned() {
 971                            cx.cx.window.next_frame.dispatch_tree.on_action(
 972                                *action_type,
 973                                Rc::new(
 974                                    move |action: &dyn Any, phase, cx: &mut WindowContext<'_>| {
 975                                        action_listener(action, phase, cx)
 976                                    },
 977                                ),
 978                            )
 979                        }
 980                    }
 981
 982                    let available_space = cx.window.viewport_size.map(Into::into);
 983                    root_view.draw(Point::default(), available_space, cx);
 984                })
 985            })
 986        });
 987
 988        if let Some(active_drag) = self.app.active_drag.take() {
 989            self.with_element_context(|cx| {
 990                cx.with_z_index(ACTIVE_DRAG_Z_INDEX, |cx| {
 991                    let offset = cx.mouse_position() - active_drag.cursor_offset;
 992                    let available_space =
 993                        size(AvailableSpace::MinContent, AvailableSpace::MinContent);
 994                    active_drag.view.draw(offset, available_space, cx);
 995                })
 996            });
 997            self.active_drag = Some(active_drag);
 998        } else if let Some(tooltip_request) = self.window.next_frame.tooltip_request.take() {
 999            self.with_element_context(|cx| {
1000                cx.with_z_index(1, |cx| {
1001                    let available_space =
1002                        size(AvailableSpace::MinContent, AvailableSpace::MinContent);
1003                    tooltip_request.tooltip.view.draw(
1004                        tooltip_request.tooltip.cursor_offset,
1005                        available_space,
1006                        cx,
1007                    );
1008                })
1009            });
1010            self.window.next_frame.tooltip_request = Some(tooltip_request);
1011        }
1012        self.window.dirty_views.clear();
1013
1014        self.window
1015            .next_frame
1016            .dispatch_tree
1017            .preserve_pending_keystrokes(
1018                &mut self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree,
1019                self.window.focus,
1020            );
1021        self.window.next_frame.focus = self.window.focus;
1022        self.window.next_frame.window_active = self.window.active;
1023        self.window.root_view = Some(root_view);
1024
1025        // Set the cursor only if we're the active window.
1026        let cursor_style = self
1027            .window
1028            .next_frame
1029            .requested_cursor_style
1030            .take()
1031            .unwrap_or(CursorStyle::Arrow);
1032        if self.is_window_active() {
1033            self.platform.set_cursor_style(cursor_style);
1034        }
1035
1036        // Register requested input handler with the platform window.
1037        if let Some(requested_input) = self.window.next_frame.requested_input_handler.as_mut() {
1038            if let Some(handler) = requested_input.handler.take() {
1039                self.window.platform_window.set_input_handler(handler);
1040            }
1041        }
1042
1043        self.window.layout_engine.as_mut().unwrap().clear();
1044        self.text_system()
1045            .finish_frame(&self.window.next_frame.reused_views);
1046        self.window
1047            .next_frame
1048            .finish(&mut self.window.rendered_frame);
1049        ELEMENT_ARENA.with_borrow_mut(|element_arena| {
1050            let percentage = (element_arena.len() as f32 / element_arena.capacity() as f32) * 100.;
1051            if percentage >= 80. {
1052                log::warn!("elevated element arena occupation: {}.", percentage);
1053            }
1054            element_arena.clear();
1055        });
1056
1057        let previous_focus_path = self.window.rendered_frame.focus_path();
1058        let previous_window_active = self.window.rendered_frame.window_active;
1059        mem::swap(&mut self.window.rendered_frame, &mut self.window.next_frame);
1060        self.window.next_frame.clear();
1061        let current_focus_path = self.window.rendered_frame.focus_path();
1062        let current_window_active = self.window.rendered_frame.window_active;
1063
1064        if previous_focus_path != current_focus_path
1065            || previous_window_active != current_window_active
1066        {
1067            if !previous_focus_path.is_empty() && current_focus_path.is_empty() {
1068                self.window
1069                    .focus_lost_listeners
1070                    .clone()
1071                    .retain(&(), |listener| listener(self));
1072            }
1073
1074            let event = FocusEvent {
1075                previous_focus_path: if previous_window_active {
1076                    previous_focus_path
1077                } else {
1078                    Default::default()
1079                },
1080                current_focus_path: if current_window_active {
1081                    current_focus_path
1082                } else {
1083                    Default::default()
1084                },
1085            };
1086            self.window
1087                .focus_listeners
1088                .clone()
1089                .retain(&(), |listener| listener(&event, self));
1090        }
1091
1092        self.window
1093            .platform_window
1094            .draw(&self.window.rendered_frame.scene);
1095        self.window.refreshing = false;
1096        self.window.drawing = false;
1097    }
1098
1099    /// Dispatch a mouse or keyboard event on the window.
1100    pub fn dispatch_event(&mut self, event: PlatformInput) -> bool {
1101        // Handlers may set this to false by calling `stop_propagation`.
1102        self.app.propagate_event = true;
1103        // Handlers may set this to true by calling `prevent_default`.
1104        self.window.default_prevented = false;
1105
1106        let event = match event {
1107            // Track the mouse position with our own state, since accessing the platform
1108            // API for the mouse position can only occur on the main thread.
1109            PlatformInput::MouseMove(mouse_move) => {
1110                self.window.mouse_position = mouse_move.position;
1111                self.window.modifiers = mouse_move.modifiers;
1112                PlatformInput::MouseMove(mouse_move)
1113            }
1114            PlatformInput::MouseDown(mouse_down) => {
1115                self.window.mouse_position = mouse_down.position;
1116                self.window.modifiers = mouse_down.modifiers;
1117                PlatformInput::MouseDown(mouse_down)
1118            }
1119            PlatformInput::MouseUp(mouse_up) => {
1120                self.window.mouse_position = mouse_up.position;
1121                self.window.modifiers = mouse_up.modifiers;
1122                PlatformInput::MouseUp(mouse_up)
1123            }
1124            PlatformInput::MouseExited(mouse_exited) => {
1125                self.window.modifiers = mouse_exited.modifiers;
1126                PlatformInput::MouseExited(mouse_exited)
1127            }
1128            PlatformInput::ModifiersChanged(modifiers_changed) => {
1129                self.window.modifiers = modifiers_changed.modifiers;
1130                PlatformInput::ModifiersChanged(modifiers_changed)
1131            }
1132            PlatformInput::ScrollWheel(scroll_wheel) => {
1133                self.window.mouse_position = scroll_wheel.position;
1134                self.window.modifiers = scroll_wheel.modifiers;
1135                PlatformInput::ScrollWheel(scroll_wheel)
1136            }
1137            // Translate dragging and dropping of external files from the operating system
1138            // to internal drag and drop events.
1139            PlatformInput::FileDrop(file_drop) => match file_drop {
1140                FileDropEvent::Entered { position, paths } => {
1141                    self.window.mouse_position = position;
1142                    if self.active_drag.is_none() {
1143                        self.active_drag = Some(AnyDrag {
1144                            value: Box::new(paths.clone()),
1145                            view: self.new_view(|_| paths).into(),
1146                            cursor_offset: position,
1147                        });
1148                    }
1149                    PlatformInput::MouseMove(MouseMoveEvent {
1150                        position,
1151                        pressed_button: Some(MouseButton::Left),
1152                        modifiers: Modifiers::default(),
1153                    })
1154                }
1155                FileDropEvent::Pending { position } => {
1156                    self.window.mouse_position = position;
1157                    PlatformInput::MouseMove(MouseMoveEvent {
1158                        position,
1159                        pressed_button: Some(MouseButton::Left),
1160                        modifiers: Modifiers::default(),
1161                    })
1162                }
1163                FileDropEvent::Submit { position } => {
1164                    self.activate(true);
1165                    self.window.mouse_position = position;
1166                    PlatformInput::MouseUp(MouseUpEvent {
1167                        button: MouseButton::Left,
1168                        position,
1169                        modifiers: Modifiers::default(),
1170                        click_count: 1,
1171                    })
1172                }
1173                FileDropEvent::Exited => PlatformInput::MouseUp(MouseUpEvent {
1174                    button: MouseButton::Left,
1175                    position: Point::default(),
1176                    modifiers: Modifiers::default(),
1177                    click_count: 1,
1178                }),
1179            },
1180            PlatformInput::KeyDown(_) | PlatformInput::KeyUp(_) => event,
1181        };
1182
1183        if let Some(any_mouse_event) = event.mouse_event() {
1184            self.dispatch_mouse_event(any_mouse_event);
1185        } else if let Some(any_key_event) = event.keyboard_event() {
1186            self.dispatch_key_event(any_key_event);
1187        }
1188
1189        !self.app.propagate_event
1190    }
1191
1192    fn dispatch_mouse_event(&mut self, event: &dyn Any) {
1193        if let Some(mut handlers) = self
1194            .window
1195            .rendered_frame
1196            .mouse_listeners
1197            .remove(&event.type_id())
1198        {
1199            // Because handlers may add other handlers, we sort every time.
1200            handlers.sort_by(|(a, _, _), (b, _, _)| a.cmp(b));
1201
1202            // Capture phase, events bubble from back to front. Handlers for this phase are used for
1203            // special purposes, such as detecting events outside of a given Bounds.
1204            for (_, _, handler) in &mut handlers {
1205                self.with_element_context(|cx| {
1206                    handler(event, DispatchPhase::Capture, cx);
1207                });
1208                if !self.app.propagate_event {
1209                    break;
1210                }
1211            }
1212
1213            // Bubble phase, where most normal handlers do their work.
1214            if self.app.propagate_event {
1215                for (_, _, handler) in handlers.iter_mut().rev() {
1216                    self.with_element_context(|cx| {
1217                        handler(event, DispatchPhase::Bubble, cx);
1218                    });
1219                    if !self.app.propagate_event {
1220                        break;
1221                    }
1222                }
1223            }
1224
1225            self.window
1226                .rendered_frame
1227                .mouse_listeners
1228                .insert(event.type_id(), handlers);
1229        }
1230
1231        if self.app.propagate_event && self.has_active_drag() {
1232            if event.is::<MouseMoveEvent>() {
1233                // If this was a mouse move event, redraw the window so that the
1234                // active drag can follow the mouse cursor.
1235                self.refresh();
1236            } else if event.is::<MouseUpEvent>() {
1237                // If this was a mouse up event, cancel the active drag and redraw
1238                // the window.
1239                self.active_drag = None;
1240                self.refresh();
1241            }
1242        }
1243    }
1244
1245    fn dispatch_key_event(&mut self, event: &dyn Any) {
1246        let node_id = self
1247            .window
1248            .focus
1249            .and_then(|focus_id| {
1250                self.window
1251                    .rendered_frame
1252                    .dispatch_tree
1253                    .focusable_node_id(focus_id)
1254            })
1255            .unwrap_or_else(|| self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.root_node_id());
1256
1257        let dispatch_path = self
1258            .window
1259            .rendered_frame
1260            .dispatch_tree
1261            .dispatch_path(node_id);
1262
1263        if let Some(key_down_event) = event.downcast_ref::<KeyDownEvent>() {
1264            let KeymatchResult {
1265                bindings,
1266                mut pending,
1267            } = self
1268                .window
1269                .rendered_frame
1270                .dispatch_tree
1271                .dispatch_key(&key_down_event.keystroke, &dispatch_path);
1272
1273            if self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.keymatch_mode == KeymatchMode::Immediate
1274                && !bindings.is_empty()
1275            {
1276                pending = false;
1277            }
1278
1279            if pending {
1280                let mut currently_pending = self.window.pending_input.take().unwrap_or_default();
1281                if currently_pending.focus.is_some() && currently_pending.focus != self.window.focus
1282                {
1283                    currently_pending = PendingInput::default();
1284                }
1285                currently_pending.focus = self.window.focus;
1286                currently_pending
1287                    .keystrokes
1288                    .push(key_down_event.keystroke.clone());
1289                for binding in bindings {
1290                    currently_pending.bindings.push(binding);
1291                }
1292
1293                // for vim compatibility, we also should check "is input handler enabled"
1294                if !currently_pending.is_noop() {
1295                    currently_pending.timer = Some(self.spawn(|mut cx| async move {
1296                        cx.background_executor.timer(Duration::from_secs(1)).await;
1297                        cx.update(move |cx| {
1298                            cx.clear_pending_keystrokes();
1299                            let Some(currently_pending) = cx.window.pending_input.take() else {
1300                                return;
1301                            };
1302                            cx.replay_pending_input(currently_pending)
1303                        })
1304                        .log_err();
1305                    }));
1306                } else {
1307                    currently_pending.timer = None;
1308                }
1309                self.window.pending_input = Some(currently_pending);
1310
1311                self.propagate_event = false;
1312                return;
1313            } else if let Some(currently_pending) = self.window.pending_input.take() {
1314                if bindings
1315                    .iter()
1316                    .all(|binding| !currently_pending.used_by_binding(binding))
1317                {
1318                    self.replay_pending_input(currently_pending)
1319                }
1320            }
1321
1322            if !bindings.is_empty() {
1323                self.clear_pending_keystrokes();
1324            }
1325
1326            self.propagate_event = true;
1327            for binding in bindings {
1328                self.dispatch_action_on_node(node_id, binding.action.boxed_clone());
1329                if !self.propagate_event {
1330                    self.dispatch_keystroke_observers(event, Some(binding.action));
1331                    return;
1332                }
1333            }
1334        }
1335
1336        // Capture phase
1337        for node_id in &dispatch_path {
1338            let node = self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.node(*node_id);
1339
1340            for key_listener in node.key_listeners.clone() {
1341                self.with_element_context(|cx| {
1342                    key_listener(event, DispatchPhase::Capture, cx);
1343                });
1344                if !self.propagate_event {
1345                    return;
1346                }
1347            }
1348        }
1349
1350        // Bubble phase
1351        for node_id in dispatch_path.iter().rev() {
1352            // Handle low level key events
1353            let node = self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.node(*node_id);
1354            for key_listener in node.key_listeners.clone() {
1355                self.with_element_context(|cx| {
1356                    key_listener(event, DispatchPhase::Bubble, cx);
1357                });
1358                if !self.propagate_event {
1359                    return;
1360                }
1361            }
1362        }
1363
1364        self.dispatch_keystroke_observers(event, None);
1365    }
1366
1367    /// Determine whether a potential multi-stroke key binding is in progress on this window.
1368    pub fn has_pending_keystrokes(&self) -> bool {
1369        self.window
1370            .rendered_frame
1371            .dispatch_tree
1372            .has_pending_keystrokes()
1373    }
1374
1375    fn replay_pending_input(&mut self, currently_pending: PendingInput) {
1376        let node_id = self
1377            .window
1378            .focus
1379            .and_then(|focus_id| {
1380                self.window
1381                    .rendered_frame
1382                    .dispatch_tree
1383                    .focusable_node_id(focus_id)
1384            })
1385            .unwrap_or_else(|| self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.root_node_id());
1386
1387        if self.window.focus != currently_pending.focus {
1388            return;
1389        }
1390
1391        let input = currently_pending.input();
1392
1393        self.propagate_event = true;
1394        for binding in currently_pending.bindings {
1395            self.dispatch_action_on_node(node_id, binding.action.boxed_clone());
1396            if !self.propagate_event {
1397                return;
1398            }
1399        }
1400
1401        if !input.is_empty() {
1402            if let Some(mut input_handler) = self.window.platform_window.take_input_handler() {
1403                input_handler.flush_pending_input(&input, self);
1404                self.window.platform_window.set_input_handler(input_handler)
1405            }
1406        }
1407    }
1408
1409    fn dispatch_action_on_node(&mut self, node_id: DispatchNodeId, action: Box<dyn Action>) {
1410        let dispatch_path = self
1411            .window
1412            .rendered_frame
1413            .dispatch_tree
1414            .dispatch_path(node_id);
1415
1416        // Capture phase
1417        for node_id in &dispatch_path {
1418            let node = self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.node(*node_id);
1419            for DispatchActionListener {
1420                action_type,
1421                listener,
1422            } in node.action_listeners.clone()
1423            {
1424                let any_action = action.as_any();
1425                if action_type == any_action.type_id() {
1426                    self.with_element_context(|cx| {
1427                        listener(any_action, DispatchPhase::Capture, cx);
1428                    });
1429
1430                    if !self.propagate_event {
1431                        return;
1432                    }
1433                }
1434            }
1435        }
1436        // Bubble phase
1437        for node_id in dispatch_path.iter().rev() {
1438            let node = self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.node(*node_id);
1439            for DispatchActionListener {
1440                action_type,
1441                listener,
1442            } in node.action_listeners.clone()
1443            {
1444                let any_action = action.as_any();
1445                if action_type == any_action.type_id() {
1446                    self.propagate_event = false; // Actions stop propagation by default during the bubble phase
1447
1448                    self.with_element_context(|cx| {
1449                        listener(any_action, DispatchPhase::Bubble, cx);
1450                    });
1451
1452                    if !self.propagate_event {
1453                        return;
1454                    }
1455                }
1456            }
1457        }
1458    }
1459
1460    /// Register the given handler to be invoked whenever the global of the given type
1461    /// is updated.
1462    pub fn observe_global<G: Global>(
1463        &mut self,
1464        f: impl Fn(&mut WindowContext<'_>) + 'static,
1465    ) -> Subscription {
1466        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
1467        let (subscription, activate) = self.global_observers.insert(
1468            TypeId::of::<G>(),
1469            Box::new(move |cx| window_handle.update(cx, |_, cx| f(cx)).is_ok()),
1470        );
1471        self.app.defer(move |_| activate());
1472        subscription
1473    }
1474
1475    /// Focus the current window and bring it to the foreground at the platform level.
1476    pub fn activate_window(&self) {
1477        self.window.platform_window.activate();
1478    }
1479
1480    /// Minimize the current window at the platform level.
1481    pub fn minimize_window(&self) {
1482        self.window.platform_window.minimize();
1483    }
1484
1485    /// Toggle full screen status on the current window at the platform level.
1486    pub fn toggle_full_screen(&self) {
1487        self.window.platform_window.toggle_full_screen();
1488    }
1489
1490    /// Present a platform dialog.
1491    /// The provided message will be presented, along with buttons for each answer.
1492    /// When a button is clicked, the returned Receiver will receive the index of the clicked button.
1493    pub fn prompt(
1494        &self,
1495        level: PromptLevel,
1496        message: &str,
1497        detail: Option<&str>,
1498        answers: &[&str],
1499    ) -> oneshot::Receiver<usize> {
1500        self.window
1501            .platform_window
1502            .prompt(level, message, detail, answers)
1503    }
1504
1505    /// Returns all available actions for the focused element.
1506    pub fn available_actions(&self) -> Vec<Box<dyn Action>> {
1507        let node_id = self
1508            .window
1509            .focus
1510            .and_then(|focus_id| {
1511                self.window
1512                    .rendered_frame
1513                    .dispatch_tree
1514                    .focusable_node_id(focus_id)
1515            })
1516            .unwrap_or_else(|| self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.root_node_id());
1517
1518        self.window
1519            .rendered_frame
1520            .dispatch_tree
1521            .available_actions(node_id)
1522    }
1523
1524    /// Returns key bindings that invoke the given action on the currently focused element.
1525    pub fn bindings_for_action(&self, action: &dyn Action) -> Vec<KeyBinding> {
1526        self.window
1527            .rendered_frame
1528            .dispatch_tree
1529            .bindings_for_action(
1530                action,
1531                &self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.context_stack,
1532            )
1533    }
1534
1535    /// Returns any bindings that would invoke the given action on the given focus handle if it were focused.
1536    pub fn bindings_for_action_in(
1537        &self,
1538        action: &dyn Action,
1539        focus_handle: &FocusHandle,
1540    ) -> Vec<KeyBinding> {
1541        let dispatch_tree = &self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree;
1542
1543        let Some(node_id) = dispatch_tree.focusable_node_id(focus_handle.id) else {
1544            return vec![];
1545        };
1546        let context_stack = dispatch_tree
1547            .dispatch_path(node_id)
1548            .into_iter()
1549            .filter_map(|node_id| dispatch_tree.node(node_id).context.clone())
1550            .collect();
1551        dispatch_tree.bindings_for_action(action, &context_stack)
1552    }
1553
1554    /// Returns a generic event listener that invokes the given listener with the view and context associated with the given view handle.
1555    pub fn listener_for<V: Render, E>(
1556        &self,
1557        view: &View<V>,
1558        f: impl Fn(&mut V, &E, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
1559    ) -> impl Fn(&E, &mut WindowContext) + 'static {
1560        let view = view.downgrade();
1561        move |e: &E, cx: &mut WindowContext| {
1562            view.update(cx, |view, cx| f(view, e, cx)).ok();
1563        }
1564    }
1565
1566    /// Returns a generic handler that invokes the given handler with the view and context associated with the given view handle.
1567    pub fn handler_for<V: Render>(
1568        &self,
1569        view: &View<V>,
1570        f: impl Fn(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
1571    ) -> impl Fn(&mut WindowContext) {
1572        let view = view.downgrade();
1573        move |cx: &mut WindowContext| {
1574            view.update(cx, |view, cx| f(view, cx)).ok();
1575        }
1576    }
1577
1578    /// Register a callback that can interrupt the closing of the current window based the returned boolean.
1579    /// If the callback returns false, the window won't be closed.
1580    pub fn on_window_should_close(&mut self, f: impl Fn(&mut WindowContext) -> bool + 'static) {
1581        let mut this = self.to_async();
1582        self.window
1583            .platform_window
1584            .on_should_close(Box::new(move || {
1585                this.update(|cx| {
1586                    // Ensure that the window is removed from the app if it's been closed
1587                    // by always pre-empting the system close event.
1588                    if f(cx) {
1589                        cx.remove_window();
1590                    }
1591                    false
1592                })
1593                .unwrap_or(true)
1594            }))
1595    }
1596
1597    pub(crate) fn parent_view_id(&self) -> EntityId {
1598        *self
1599            .window
1600            .next_frame
1601            .view_stack
1602            .last()
1603            .expect("a view should always be on the stack while drawing")
1604    }
1605
1606    /// Register an action listener on the window for the next frame. The type of action
1607    /// is determined by the first parameter of the given listener. When the next frame is rendered
1608    /// the listener will be cleared.
1609    ///
1610    /// This is a fairly low-level method, so prefer using action handlers on elements unless you have
1611    /// a specific need to register a global listener.
1612    pub fn on_action(
1613        &mut self,
1614        action_type: TypeId,
1615        listener: impl Fn(&dyn Any, DispatchPhase, &mut WindowContext) + 'static,
1616    ) {
1617        self.window
1618            .next_frame
1619            .dispatch_tree
1620            .on_action(action_type, Rc::new(listener));
1621    }
1622}
1623
1624impl Context for WindowContext<'_> {
1625    type Result<T> = T;
1626
1627    fn new_model<T>(&mut self, build_model: impl FnOnce(&mut ModelContext<'_, T>) -> T) -> Model<T>
1628    where
1629        T: 'static,
1630    {
1631        let slot = self.app.entities.reserve();
1632        let model = build_model(&mut ModelContext::new(&mut *self.app, slot.downgrade()));
1633        self.entities.insert(slot, model)
1634    }
1635
1636    fn update_model<T: 'static, R>(
1637        &mut self,
1638        model: &Model<T>,
1639        update: impl FnOnce(&mut T, &mut ModelContext<'_, T>) -> R,
1640    ) -> R {
1641        let mut entity = self.entities.lease(model);
1642        let result = update(
1643            &mut *entity,
1644            &mut ModelContext::new(&mut *self.app, model.downgrade()),
1645        );
1646        self.entities.end_lease(entity);
1647        result
1648    }
1649
1650    fn update_window<T, F>(&mut self, window: AnyWindowHandle, update: F) -> Result<T>
1651    where
1652        F: FnOnce(AnyView, &mut WindowContext<'_>) -> T,
1653    {
1654        if window == self.window.handle {
1655            let root_view = self.window.root_view.clone().unwrap();
1656            Ok(update(root_view, self))
1657        } else {
1658            window.update(self.app, update)
1659        }
1660    }
1661
1662    fn read_model<T, R>(
1663        &self,
1664        handle: &Model<T>,
1665        read: impl FnOnce(&T, &AppContext) -> R,
1666    ) -> Self::Result<R>
1667    where
1668        T: 'static,
1669    {
1670        let entity = self.entities.read(handle);
1671        read(entity, &*self.app)
1672    }
1673
1674    fn read_window<T, R>(
1675        &self,
1676        window: &WindowHandle<T>,
1677        read: impl FnOnce(View<T>, &AppContext) -> R,
1678    ) -> Result<R>
1679    where
1680        T: 'static,
1681    {
1682        if window.any_handle == self.window.handle {
1683            let root_view = self
1684                .window
1685                .root_view
1686                .clone()
1687                .unwrap()
1688                .downcast::<T>()
1689                .map_err(|_| anyhow!("the type of the window's root view has changed"))?;
1690            Ok(read(root_view, self))
1691        } else {
1692            self.app.read_window(window, read)
1693        }
1694    }
1695}
1696
1697impl VisualContext for WindowContext<'_> {
1698    fn new_view<V>(
1699        &mut self,
1700        build_view_state: impl FnOnce(&mut ViewContext<'_, V>) -> V,
1701    ) -> Self::Result<View<V>>
1702    where
1703        V: 'static + Render,
1704    {
1705        let slot = self.app.entities.reserve();
1706        let view = View {
1707            model: slot.clone(),
1708        };
1709        let mut cx = ViewContext::new(&mut *self.app, &mut *self.window, &view);
1710        let entity = build_view_state(&mut cx);
1711        cx.entities.insert(slot, entity);
1712
1713        cx.new_view_observers
1714            .clone()
1715            .retain(&TypeId::of::<V>(), |observer| {
1716                let any_view = AnyView::from(view.clone());
1717                (observer)(any_view, self);
1718                true
1719            });
1720
1721        view
1722    }
1723
1724    /// Updates the given view. Prefer calling [`View::update`] instead, which calls this method.
1725    fn update_view<T: 'static, R>(
1726        &mut self,
1727        view: &View<T>,
1728        update: impl FnOnce(&mut T, &mut ViewContext<'_, T>) -> R,
1729    ) -> Self::Result<R> {
1730        let mut lease = self.app.entities.lease(&view.model);
1731        let mut cx = ViewContext::new(&mut *self.app, &mut *self.window, view);
1732        let result = update(&mut *lease, &mut cx);
1733        cx.app.entities.end_lease(lease);
1734        result
1735    }
1736
1737    fn replace_root_view<V>(
1738        &mut self,
1739        build_view: impl FnOnce(&mut ViewContext<'_, V>) -> V,
1740    ) -> Self::Result<View<V>>
1741    where
1742        V: 'static + Render,
1743    {
1744        let view = self.new_view(build_view);
1745        self.window.root_view = Some(view.clone().into());
1746        self.refresh();
1747        view
1748    }
1749
1750    fn focus_view<V: crate::FocusableView>(&mut self, view: &View<V>) -> Self::Result<()> {
1751        self.update_view(view, |view, cx| {
1752            view.focus_handle(cx).clone().focus(cx);
1753        })
1754    }
1755
1756    fn dismiss_view<V>(&mut self, view: &View<V>) -> Self::Result<()>
1757    where
1758        V: ManagedView,
1759    {
1760        self.update_view(view, |_, cx| cx.emit(DismissEvent))
1761    }
1762}
1763
1764impl<'a> std::ops::Deref for WindowContext<'a> {
1765    type Target = AppContext;
1766
1767    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
1768        self.app
1769    }
1770}
1771
1772impl<'a> std::ops::DerefMut for WindowContext<'a> {
1773    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
1774        self.app
1775    }
1776}
1777
1778impl<'a> Borrow<AppContext> for WindowContext<'a> {
1779    fn borrow(&self) -> &AppContext {
1780        self.app
1781    }
1782}
1783
1784impl<'a> BorrowMut<AppContext> for WindowContext<'a> {
1785    fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut AppContext {
1786        self.app
1787    }
1788}
1789
1790/// This trait contains functionality that is shared across [`ViewContext`] and [`WindowContext`]
1791pub trait BorrowWindow: BorrowMut<Window> + BorrowMut<AppContext> {
1792    #[doc(hidden)]
1793    fn app_mut(&mut self) -> &mut AppContext {
1794        self.borrow_mut()
1795    }
1796
1797    #[doc(hidden)]
1798    fn app(&self) -> &AppContext {
1799        self.borrow()
1800    }
1801
1802    #[doc(hidden)]
1803    fn window(&self) -> &Window {
1804        self.borrow()
1805    }
1806
1807    #[doc(hidden)]
1808    fn window_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Window {
1809        self.borrow_mut()
1810    }
1811}
1812
1813impl Borrow<Window> for WindowContext<'_> {
1814    fn borrow(&self) -> &Window {
1815        self.window
1816    }
1817}
1818
1819impl BorrowMut<Window> for WindowContext<'_> {
1820    fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Window {
1821        self.window
1822    }
1823}
1824
1825impl<T> BorrowWindow for T where T: BorrowMut<AppContext> + BorrowMut<Window> {}
1826
1827/// Provides access to application state that is specialized for a particular [`View`].
1828/// Allows you to interact with focus, emit events, etc.
1829/// ViewContext also derefs to [`WindowContext`], giving you access to all of its methods as well.
1830/// When you call [`View::update`], you're passed a `&mut V` and an `&mut ViewContext<V>`.
1831pub struct ViewContext<'a, V> {
1832    window_cx: WindowContext<'a>,
1833    view: &'a View<V>,
1834}
1835
1836impl<V> Borrow<AppContext> for ViewContext<'_, V> {
1837    fn borrow(&self) -> &AppContext {
1838        &*self.window_cx.app
1839    }
1840}
1841
1842impl<V> BorrowMut<AppContext> for ViewContext<'_, V> {
1843    fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut AppContext {
1844        &mut *self.window_cx.app
1845    }
1846}
1847
1848impl<V> Borrow<Window> for ViewContext<'_, V> {
1849    fn borrow(&self) -> &Window {
1850        &*self.window_cx.window
1851    }
1852}
1853
1854impl<V> BorrowMut<Window> for ViewContext<'_, V> {
1855    fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Window {
1856        &mut *self.window_cx.window
1857    }
1858}
1859
1860impl<'a, V: 'static> ViewContext<'a, V> {
1861    pub(crate) fn new(app: &'a mut AppContext, window: &'a mut Window, view: &'a View<V>) -> Self {
1862        Self {
1863            window_cx: WindowContext::new(app, window),
1864            view,
1865        }
1866    }
1867
1868    /// Get the entity_id of this view.
1869    pub fn entity_id(&self) -> EntityId {
1870        self.view.entity_id()
1871    }
1872
1873    /// Get the view pointer underlying this context.
1874    pub fn view(&self) -> &View<V> {
1875        self.view
1876    }
1877
1878    /// Get the model underlying this view.
1879    pub fn model(&self) -> &Model<V> {
1880        &self.view.model
1881    }
1882
1883    /// Access the underlying window context.
1884    pub fn window_context(&mut self) -> &mut WindowContext<'a> {
1885        &mut self.window_cx
1886    }
1887
1888    /// Sets a given callback to be run on the next frame.
1889    pub fn on_next_frame(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static)
1890    where
1891        V: 'static,
1892    {
1893        let view = self.view().clone();
1894        self.window_cx.on_next_frame(move |cx| view.update(cx, f));
1895    }
1896
1897    /// Schedules the given function to be run at the end of the current effect cycle, allowing entities
1898    /// that are currently on the stack to be returned to the app.
1899    pub fn defer(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static) {
1900        let view = self.view().downgrade();
1901        self.window_cx.defer(move |cx| {
1902            view.update(cx, f).ok();
1903        });
1904    }
1905
1906    /// Observe another model or view for changes to its state, as tracked by [`ModelContext::notify`].
1907    pub fn observe<V2, E>(
1908        &mut self,
1909        entity: &E,
1910        mut on_notify: impl FnMut(&mut V, E, &mut ViewContext<'_, V>) + 'static,
1911    ) -> Subscription
1912    where
1913        V2: 'static,
1914        V: 'static,
1915        E: Entity<V2>,
1916    {
1917        let view = self.view().downgrade();
1918        let entity_id = entity.entity_id();
1919        let entity = entity.downgrade();
1920        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
1921        let (subscription, activate) = self.app.observers.insert(
1922            entity_id,
1923            Box::new(move |cx| {
1924                window_handle
1925                    .update(cx, |_, cx| {
1926                        if let Some(handle) = E::upgrade_from(&entity) {
1927                            view.update(cx, |this, cx| on_notify(this, handle, cx))
1928                                .is_ok()
1929                        } else {
1930                            false
1931                        }
1932                    })
1933                    .unwrap_or(false)
1934            }),
1935        );
1936        self.app.defer(move |_| activate());
1937        subscription
1938    }
1939
1940    /// Subscribe to events emitted by another model or view.
1941    /// The entity to which you're subscribing must implement the [`EventEmitter`] trait.
1942    /// The callback will be invoked with a reference to the current view, a handle to the emitting entity (either a [`View`] or [`Model`]), the event, and a view context for the current view.
1943    pub fn subscribe<V2, E, Evt>(
1944        &mut self,
1945        entity: &E,
1946        mut on_event: impl FnMut(&mut V, E, &Evt, &mut ViewContext<'_, V>) + 'static,
1947    ) -> Subscription
1948    where
1949        V2: EventEmitter<Evt>,
1950        E: Entity<V2>,
1951        Evt: 'static,
1952    {
1953        let view = self.view().downgrade();
1954        let entity_id = entity.entity_id();
1955        let handle = entity.downgrade();
1956        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
1957        let (subscription, activate) = self.app.event_listeners.insert(
1958            entity_id,
1959            (
1960                TypeId::of::<Evt>(),
1961                Box::new(move |event, cx| {
1962                    window_handle
1963                        .update(cx, |_, cx| {
1964                            if let Some(handle) = E::upgrade_from(&handle) {
1965                                let event = event.downcast_ref().expect("invalid event type");
1966                                view.update(cx, |this, cx| on_event(this, handle, event, cx))
1967                                    .is_ok()
1968                            } else {
1969                                false
1970                            }
1971                        })
1972                        .unwrap_or(false)
1973                }),
1974            ),
1975        );
1976        self.app.defer(move |_| activate());
1977        subscription
1978    }
1979
1980    /// Register a callback to be invoked when the view is released.
1981    ///
1982    /// The callback receives a handle to the view's window. This handle may be
1983    /// invalid, if the window was closed before the view was released.
1984    pub fn on_release(
1985        &mut self,
1986        on_release: impl FnOnce(&mut V, AnyWindowHandle, &mut AppContext) + 'static,
1987    ) -> Subscription {
1988        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
1989        let (subscription, activate) = self.app.release_listeners.insert(
1990            self.view.model.entity_id,
1991            Box::new(move |this, cx| {
1992                let this = this.downcast_mut().expect("invalid entity type");
1993                on_release(this, window_handle, cx)
1994            }),
1995        );
1996        activate();
1997        subscription
1998    }
1999
2000    /// Register a callback to be invoked when the given Model or View is released.
2001    pub fn observe_release<V2, E>(
2002        &mut self,
2003        entity: &E,
2004        mut on_release: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut V2, &mut ViewContext<'_, V>) + 'static,
2005    ) -> Subscription
2006    where
2007        V: 'static,
2008        V2: 'static,
2009        E: Entity<V2>,
2010    {
2011        let view = self.view().downgrade();
2012        let entity_id = entity.entity_id();
2013        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
2014        let (subscription, activate) = self.app.release_listeners.insert(
2015            entity_id,
2016            Box::new(move |entity, cx| {
2017                let entity = entity.downcast_mut().expect("invalid entity type");
2018                let _ = window_handle.update(cx, |_, cx| {
2019                    view.update(cx, |this, cx| on_release(this, entity, cx))
2020                });
2021            }),
2022        );
2023        activate();
2024        subscription
2025    }
2026
2027    /// Indicate that this view has changed, which will invoke any observers and also mark the window as dirty.
2028    /// If this view or any of its ancestors are *cached*, notifying it will cause it or its ancestors to be redrawn.
2029    pub fn notify(&mut self) {
2030        for view_id in self
2031            .window
2032            .rendered_frame
2033            .dispatch_tree
2034            .view_path(self.view.entity_id())
2035            .into_iter()
2036            .rev()
2037        {
2038            if !self.window.dirty_views.insert(view_id) {
2039                break;
2040            }
2041        }
2042
2043        if !self.window.drawing {
2044            self.window_cx.window.dirty = true;
2045            self.window_cx.app.push_effect(Effect::Notify {
2046                emitter: self.view.model.entity_id,
2047            });
2048        }
2049    }
2050
2051    /// Register a callback to be invoked when the window is resized.
2052    pub fn observe_window_bounds(
2053        &mut self,
2054        mut callback: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2055    ) -> Subscription {
2056        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2057        let (subscription, activate) = self.window.bounds_observers.insert(
2058            (),
2059            Box::new(move |cx| view.update(cx, |view, cx| callback(view, cx)).is_ok()),
2060        );
2061        activate();
2062        subscription
2063    }
2064
2065    /// Register a callback to be invoked when the window is activated or deactivated.
2066    pub fn observe_window_activation(
2067        &mut self,
2068        mut callback: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2069    ) -> Subscription {
2070        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2071        let (subscription, activate) = self.window.activation_observers.insert(
2072            (),
2073            Box::new(move |cx| view.update(cx, |view, cx| callback(view, cx)).is_ok()),
2074        );
2075        activate();
2076        subscription
2077    }
2078
2079    /// Registers a callback to be invoked when the window appearance changes.
2080    pub fn observe_window_appearance(
2081        &mut self,
2082        mut callback: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2083    ) -> Subscription {
2084        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2085        let (subscription, activate) = self.window.appearance_observers.insert(
2086            (),
2087            Box::new(move |cx| view.update(cx, |view, cx| callback(view, cx)).is_ok()),
2088        );
2089        activate();
2090        subscription
2091    }
2092
2093    /// Register a listener to be called when the given focus handle receives focus.
2094    /// Returns a subscription and persists until the subscription is dropped.
2095    pub fn on_focus(
2096        &mut self,
2097        handle: &FocusHandle,
2098        mut listener: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2099    ) -> Subscription {
2100        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2101        let focus_id = handle.id;
2102        let (subscription, activate) = self.window.focus_listeners.insert(
2103            (),
2104            Box::new(move |event, cx| {
2105                view.update(cx, |view, cx| {
2106                    if event.previous_focus_path.last() != Some(&focus_id)
2107                        && event.current_focus_path.last() == Some(&focus_id)
2108                    {
2109                        listener(view, cx)
2110                    }
2111                })
2112                .is_ok()
2113            }),
2114        );
2115        self.app.defer(move |_| activate());
2116        subscription
2117    }
2118
2119    /// Register a listener to be called when the given focus handle or one of its descendants receives focus.
2120    /// Returns a subscription and persists until the subscription is dropped.
2121    pub fn on_focus_in(
2122        &mut self,
2123        handle: &FocusHandle,
2124        mut listener: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2125    ) -> Subscription {
2126        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2127        let focus_id = handle.id;
2128        let (subscription, activate) = self.window.focus_listeners.insert(
2129            (),
2130            Box::new(move |event, cx| {
2131                view.update(cx, |view, cx| {
2132                    if !event.previous_focus_path.contains(&focus_id)
2133                        && event.current_focus_path.contains(&focus_id)
2134                    {
2135                        listener(view, cx)
2136                    }
2137                })
2138                .is_ok()
2139            }),
2140        );
2141        self.app.defer(move |_| activate());
2142        subscription
2143    }
2144
2145    /// Register a listener to be called when the given focus handle loses focus.
2146    /// Returns a subscription and persists until the subscription is dropped.
2147    pub fn on_blur(
2148        &mut self,
2149        handle: &FocusHandle,
2150        mut listener: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2151    ) -> Subscription {
2152        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2153        let focus_id = handle.id;
2154        let (subscription, activate) = self.window.focus_listeners.insert(
2155            (),
2156            Box::new(move |event, cx| {
2157                view.update(cx, |view, cx| {
2158                    if event.previous_focus_path.last() == Some(&focus_id)
2159                        && event.current_focus_path.last() != Some(&focus_id)
2160                    {
2161                        listener(view, cx)
2162                    }
2163                })
2164                .is_ok()
2165            }),
2166        );
2167        self.app.defer(move |_| activate());
2168        subscription
2169    }
2170
2171    /// Register a listener to be called when nothing in the window has focus.
2172    /// This typically happens when the node that was focused is removed from the tree,
2173    /// and this callback lets you chose a default place to restore the users focus.
2174    /// Returns a subscription and persists until the subscription is dropped.
2175    pub fn on_focus_lost(
2176        &mut self,
2177        mut listener: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2178    ) -> Subscription {
2179        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2180        let (subscription, activate) = self.window.focus_lost_listeners.insert(
2181            (),
2182            Box::new(move |cx| view.update(cx, |view, cx| listener(view, cx)).is_ok()),
2183        );
2184        activate();
2185        subscription
2186    }
2187
2188    /// Register a listener to be called when the given focus handle or one of its descendants loses focus.
2189    /// Returns a subscription and persists until the subscription is dropped.
2190    pub fn on_focus_out(
2191        &mut self,
2192        handle: &FocusHandle,
2193        mut listener: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2194    ) -> Subscription {
2195        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2196        let focus_id = handle.id;
2197        let (subscription, activate) = self.window.focus_listeners.insert(
2198            (),
2199            Box::new(move |event, cx| {
2200                view.update(cx, |view, cx| {
2201                    if event.previous_focus_path.contains(&focus_id)
2202                        && !event.current_focus_path.contains(&focus_id)
2203                    {
2204                        listener(view, cx)
2205                    }
2206                })
2207                .is_ok()
2208            }),
2209        );
2210        self.app.defer(move |_| activate());
2211        subscription
2212    }
2213
2214    /// Schedule a future to be run asynchronously.
2215    /// The given callback is invoked with a [`WeakView<V>`] to avoid leaking the view for a long-running process.
2216    /// It's also given an [`AsyncWindowContext`], which can be used to access the state of the view across await points.
2217    /// The returned future will be polled on the main thread.
2218    pub fn spawn<Fut, R>(
2219        &mut self,
2220        f: impl FnOnce(WeakView<V>, AsyncWindowContext) -> Fut,
2221    ) -> Task<R>
2222    where
2223        R: 'static,
2224        Fut: Future<Output = R> + 'static,
2225    {
2226        let view = self.view().downgrade();
2227        self.window_cx.spawn(|cx| f(view, cx))
2228    }
2229
2230    /// Updates the global state of the given type.
2231    pub fn update_global<G, R>(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut G, &mut Self) -> R) -> R
2232    where
2233        G: Global,
2234    {
2235        let mut global = self.app.lease_global::<G>();
2236        let result = f(&mut global, self);
2237        self.app.end_global_lease(global);
2238        result
2239    }
2240
2241    /// Register a callback to be invoked when the given global state changes.
2242    pub fn observe_global<G: Global>(
2243        &mut self,
2244        mut f: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<'_, V>) + 'static,
2245    ) -> Subscription {
2246        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
2247        let view = self.view().downgrade();
2248        let (subscription, activate) = self.global_observers.insert(
2249            TypeId::of::<G>(),
2250            Box::new(move |cx| {
2251                window_handle
2252                    .update(cx, |_, cx| view.update(cx, |view, cx| f(view, cx)).is_ok())
2253                    .unwrap_or(false)
2254            }),
2255        );
2256        self.app.defer(move |_| activate());
2257        subscription
2258    }
2259
2260    /// Register a callback to be invoked when the given Action type is dispatched to the window.
2261    pub fn on_action(
2262        &mut self,
2263        action_type: TypeId,
2264        listener: impl Fn(&mut V, &dyn Any, DispatchPhase, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2265    ) {
2266        let handle = self.view().clone();
2267        self.window_cx
2268            .on_action(action_type, move |action, phase, cx| {
2269                handle.update(cx, |view, cx| {
2270                    listener(view, action, phase, cx);
2271                })
2272            });
2273    }
2274
2275    /// Emit an event to be handled any other views that have subscribed via [ViewContext::subscribe].
2276    pub fn emit<Evt>(&mut self, event: Evt)
2277    where
2278        Evt: 'static,
2279        V: EventEmitter<Evt>,
2280    {
2281        let emitter = self.view.model.entity_id;
2282        self.app.push_effect(Effect::Emit {
2283            emitter,
2284            event_type: TypeId::of::<Evt>(),
2285            event: Box::new(event),
2286        });
2287    }
2288
2289    /// Move focus to the current view, assuming it implements [`FocusableView`].
2290    pub fn focus_self(&mut self)
2291    where
2292        V: FocusableView,
2293    {
2294        self.defer(|view, cx| view.focus_handle(cx).focus(cx))
2295    }
2296
2297    /// Convenience method for accessing view state in an event callback.
2298    ///
2299    /// Many GPUI callbacks take the form of `Fn(&E, &mut WindowContext)`,
2300    /// but it's often useful to be able to access view state in these
2301    /// callbacks. This method provides a convenient way to do so.
2302    pub fn listener<E>(
2303        &self,
2304        f: impl Fn(&mut V, &E, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2305    ) -> impl Fn(&E, &mut WindowContext) + 'static {
2306        let view = self.view().downgrade();
2307        move |e: &E, cx: &mut WindowContext| {
2308            view.update(cx, |view, cx| f(view, e, cx)).ok();
2309        }
2310    }
2311}
2312
2313impl<V> Context for ViewContext<'_, V> {
2314    type Result<U> = U;
2315
2316    fn new_model<T: 'static>(
2317        &mut self,
2318        build_model: impl FnOnce(&mut ModelContext<'_, T>) -> T,
2319    ) -> Model<T> {
2320        self.window_cx.new_model(build_model)
2321    }
2322
2323    fn update_model<T: 'static, R>(
2324        &mut self,
2325        model: &Model<T>,
2326        update: impl FnOnce(&mut T, &mut ModelContext<'_, T>) -> R,
2327    ) -> R {
2328        self.window_cx.update_model(model, update)
2329    }
2330
2331    fn update_window<T, F>(&mut self, window: AnyWindowHandle, update: F) -> Result<T>
2332    where
2333        F: FnOnce(AnyView, &mut WindowContext<'_>) -> T,
2334    {
2335        self.window_cx.update_window(window, update)
2336    }
2337
2338    fn read_model<T, R>(
2339        &self,
2340        handle: &Model<T>,
2341        read: impl FnOnce(&T, &AppContext) -> R,
2342    ) -> Self::Result<R>
2343    where
2344        T: 'static,
2345    {
2346        self.window_cx.read_model(handle, read)
2347    }
2348
2349    fn read_window<T, R>(
2350        &self,
2351        window: &WindowHandle<T>,
2352        read: impl FnOnce(View<T>, &AppContext) -> R,
2353    ) -> Result<R>
2354    where
2355        T: 'static,
2356    {
2357        self.window_cx.read_window(window, read)
2358    }
2359}
2360
2361impl<V: 'static> VisualContext for ViewContext<'_, V> {
2362    fn new_view<W: Render + 'static>(
2363        &mut self,
2364        build_view_state: impl FnOnce(&mut ViewContext<'_, W>) -> W,
2365    ) -> Self::Result<View<W>> {
2366        self.window_cx.new_view(build_view_state)
2367    }
2368
2369    fn update_view<V2: 'static, R>(
2370        &mut self,
2371        view: &View<V2>,
2372        update: impl FnOnce(&mut V2, &mut ViewContext<'_, V2>) -> R,
2373    ) -> Self::Result<R> {
2374        self.window_cx.update_view(view, update)
2375    }
2376
2377    fn replace_root_view<W>(
2378        &mut self,
2379        build_view: impl FnOnce(&mut ViewContext<'_, W>) -> W,
2380    ) -> Self::Result<View<W>>
2381    where
2382        W: 'static + Render,
2383    {
2384        self.window_cx.replace_root_view(build_view)
2385    }
2386
2387    fn focus_view<W: FocusableView>(&mut self, view: &View<W>) -> Self::Result<()> {
2388        self.window_cx.focus_view(view)
2389    }
2390
2391    fn dismiss_view<W: ManagedView>(&mut self, view: &View<W>) -> Self::Result<()> {
2392        self.window_cx.dismiss_view(view)
2393    }
2394}
2395
2396impl<'a, V> std::ops::Deref for ViewContext<'a, V> {
2397    type Target = WindowContext<'a>;
2398
2399    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
2400        &self.window_cx
2401    }
2402}
2403
2404impl<'a, V> std::ops::DerefMut for ViewContext<'a, V> {
2405    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
2406        &mut self.window_cx
2407    }
2408}
2409
2410// #[derive(Clone, Copy, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
2411slotmap::new_key_type! {
2412    /// A unique identifier for a window.
2413    pub struct WindowId;
2414}
2415
2416impl WindowId {
2417    /// Converts this window ID to a `u64`.
2418    pub fn as_u64(&self) -> u64 {
2419        self.0.as_ffi()
2420    }
2421}
2422
2423/// A handle to a window with a specific root view type.
2424/// Note that this does not keep the window alive on its own.
2425#[derive(Deref, DerefMut)]
2426pub struct WindowHandle<V> {
2427    #[deref]
2428    #[deref_mut]
2429    pub(crate) any_handle: AnyWindowHandle,
2430    state_type: PhantomData<V>,
2431}
2432
2433impl<V: 'static + Render> WindowHandle<V> {
2434    /// Creates a new handle from a window ID.
2435    /// This does not check if the root type of the window is `V`.
2436    pub fn new(id: WindowId) -> Self {
2437        WindowHandle {
2438            any_handle: AnyWindowHandle {
2439                id,
2440                state_type: TypeId::of::<V>(),
2441            },
2442            state_type: PhantomData,
2443        }
2444    }
2445
2446    /// Get the root view out of this window.
2447    ///
2448    /// This will fail if the window is closed or if the root view's type does not match `V`.
2449    pub fn root<C>(&self, cx: &mut C) -> Result<View<V>>
2450    where
2451        C: Context,
2452    {
2453        Flatten::flatten(cx.update_window(self.any_handle, |root_view, _| {
2454            root_view
2455                .downcast::<V>()
2456                .map_err(|_| anyhow!("the type of the window's root view has changed"))
2457        }))
2458    }
2459
2460    /// Updates the root view of this window.
2461    ///
2462    /// This will fail if the window has been closed or if the root view's type does not match
2463    pub fn update<C, R>(
2464        &self,
2465        cx: &mut C,
2466        update: impl FnOnce(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<'_, V>) -> R,
2467    ) -> Result<R>
2468    where
2469        C: Context,
2470    {
2471        cx.update_window(self.any_handle, |root_view, cx| {
2472            let view = root_view
2473                .downcast::<V>()
2474                .map_err(|_| anyhow!("the type of the window's root view has changed"))?;
2475            Ok(cx.update_view(&view, update))
2476        })?
2477    }
2478
2479    /// Read the root view out of this window.
2480    ///
2481    /// This will fail if the window is closed or if the root view's type does not match `V`.
2482    pub fn read<'a>(&self, cx: &'a AppContext) -> Result<&'a V> {
2483        let x = cx
2484            .windows
2485            .get(self.id)
2486            .and_then(|window| {
2487                window
2488                    .as_ref()
2489                    .and_then(|window| window.root_view.clone())
2490                    .map(|root_view| root_view.downcast::<V>())
2491            })
2492            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("window not found"))?
2493            .map_err(|_| anyhow!("the type of the window's root view has changed"))?;
2494
2495        Ok(x.read(cx))
2496    }
2497
2498    /// Read the root view out of this window, with a callback
2499    ///
2500    /// This will fail if the window is closed or if the root view's type does not match `V`.
2501    pub fn read_with<C, R>(&self, cx: &C, read_with: impl FnOnce(&V, &AppContext) -> R) -> Result<R>
2502    where
2503        C: Context,
2504    {
2505        cx.read_window(self, |root_view, cx| read_with(root_view.read(cx), cx))
2506    }
2507
2508    /// Read the root view pointer off of this window.
2509    ///
2510    /// This will fail if the window is closed or if the root view's type does not match `V`.
2511    pub fn root_view<C>(&self, cx: &C) -> Result<View<V>>
2512    where
2513        C: Context,
2514    {
2515        cx.read_window(self, |root_view, _cx| root_view.clone())
2516    }
2517
2518    /// Check if this window is 'active'.
2519    ///
2520    /// Will return `None` if the window is closed.
2521    pub fn is_active(&self, cx: &AppContext) -> Option<bool> {
2522        cx.windows
2523            .get(self.id)
2524            .and_then(|window| window.as_ref().map(|window| window.active))
2525    }
2526}
2527
2528impl<V> Copy for WindowHandle<V> {}
2529
2530impl<V> Clone for WindowHandle<V> {
2531    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
2532        *self
2533    }
2534}
2535
2536impl<V> PartialEq for WindowHandle<V> {
2537    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
2538        self.any_handle == other.any_handle
2539    }
2540}
2541
2542impl<V> Eq for WindowHandle<V> {}
2543
2544impl<V> Hash for WindowHandle<V> {
2545    fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
2546        self.any_handle.hash(state);
2547    }
2548}
2549
2550impl<V: 'static> From<WindowHandle<V>> for AnyWindowHandle {
2551    fn from(val: WindowHandle<V>) -> Self {
2552        val.any_handle
2553    }
2554}
2555
2556/// A handle to a window with any root view type, which can be downcast to a window with a specific root view type.
2557#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
2558pub struct AnyWindowHandle {
2559    pub(crate) id: WindowId,
2560    state_type: TypeId,
2561}
2562
2563impl AnyWindowHandle {
2564    /// Get the ID of this window.
2565    pub fn window_id(&self) -> WindowId {
2566        self.id
2567    }
2568
2569    /// Attempt to convert this handle to a window handle with a specific root view type.
2570    /// If the types do not match, this will return `None`.
2571    pub fn downcast<T: 'static>(&self) -> Option<WindowHandle<T>> {
2572        if TypeId::of::<T>() == self.state_type {
2573            Some(WindowHandle {
2574                any_handle: *self,
2575                state_type: PhantomData,
2576            })
2577        } else {
2578            None
2579        }
2580    }
2581
2582    /// Updates the state of the root view of this window.
2583    ///
2584    /// This will fail if the window has been closed.
2585    pub fn update<C, R>(
2586        self,
2587        cx: &mut C,
2588        update: impl FnOnce(AnyView, &mut WindowContext<'_>) -> R,
2589    ) -> Result<R>
2590    where
2591        C: Context,
2592    {
2593        cx.update_window(self, update)
2594    }
2595
2596    /// Read the state of the root view of this window.
2597    ///
2598    /// This will fail if the window has been closed.
2599    pub fn read<T, C, R>(self, cx: &C, read: impl FnOnce(View<T>, &AppContext) -> R) -> Result<R>
2600    where
2601        C: Context,
2602        T: 'static,
2603    {
2604        let view = self
2605            .downcast::<T>()
2606            .context("the type of the window's root view has changed")?;
2607
2608        cx.read_window(&view, read)
2609    }
2610}
2611
2612/// An identifier for an [`Element`](crate::Element).
2613///
2614/// Can be constructed with a string, a number, or both, as well
2615/// as other internal representations.
2616#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
2617pub enum ElementId {
2618    /// The ID of a View element
2619    View(EntityId),
2620    /// An integer ID.
2621    Integer(usize),
2622    /// A string based ID.
2623    Name(SharedString),
2624    /// An ID that's equated with a focus handle.
2625    FocusHandle(FocusId),
2626    /// A combination of a name and an integer.
2627    NamedInteger(SharedString, usize),
2628}
2629
2630impl Display for ElementId {
2631    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
2632        match self {
2633            ElementId::View(entity_id) => write!(f, "view-{}", entity_id)?,
2634            ElementId::Integer(ix) => write!(f, "{}", ix)?,
2635            ElementId::Name(name) => write!(f, "{}", name)?,
2636            ElementId::FocusHandle(_) => write!(f, "FocusHandle")?,
2637            ElementId::NamedInteger(s, i) => write!(f, "{}-{}", s, i)?,
2638        }
2639
2640        Ok(())
2641    }
2642}
2643
2644impl ElementId {
2645    pub(crate) fn from_entity_id(entity_id: EntityId) -> Self {
2646        ElementId::View(entity_id)
2647    }
2648}
2649
2650impl TryInto<SharedString> for ElementId {
2651    type Error = anyhow::Error;
2652
2653    fn try_into(self) -> anyhow::Result<SharedString> {
2654        if let ElementId::Name(name) = self {
2655            Ok(name)
2656        } else {
2657            Err(anyhow!("element id is not string"))
2658        }
2659    }
2660}
2661
2662impl From<usize> for ElementId {
2663    fn from(id: usize) -> Self {
2664        ElementId::Integer(id)
2665    }
2666}
2667
2668impl From<i32> for ElementId {
2669    fn from(id: i32) -> Self {
2670        Self::Integer(id as usize)
2671    }
2672}
2673
2674impl From<SharedString> for ElementId {
2675    fn from(name: SharedString) -> Self {
2676        ElementId::Name(name)
2677    }
2678}
2679
2680impl From<&'static str> for ElementId {
2681    fn from(name: &'static str) -> Self {
2682        ElementId::Name(name.into())
2683    }
2684}
2685
2686impl<'a> From<&'a FocusHandle> for ElementId {
2687    fn from(handle: &'a FocusHandle) -> Self {
2688        ElementId::FocusHandle(handle.id)
2689    }
2690}
2691
2692impl From<(&'static str, EntityId)> for ElementId {
2693    fn from((name, id): (&'static str, EntityId)) -> Self {
2694        ElementId::NamedInteger(name.into(), id.as_u64() as usize)
2695    }
2696}
2697
2698impl From<(&'static str, usize)> for ElementId {
2699    fn from((name, id): (&'static str, usize)) -> Self {
2700        ElementId::NamedInteger(name.into(), id)
2701    }
2702}
2703
2704impl From<(&'static str, u64)> for ElementId {
2705    fn from((name, id): (&'static str, u64)) -> Self {
2706        ElementId::NamedInteger(name.into(), id as usize)
2707    }
2708}
2709
2710/// A rectangle to be rendered in the window at the given position and size.
2711/// Passed as an argument [`ElementContext::paint_quad`].
2712#[derive(Clone)]
2713pub struct PaintQuad {
2714    bounds: Bounds<Pixels>,
2715    corner_radii: Corners<Pixels>,
2716    background: Hsla,
2717    border_widths: Edges<Pixels>,
2718    border_color: Hsla,
2719}
2720
2721impl PaintQuad {
2722    /// Sets the corner radii of the quad.
2723    pub fn corner_radii(self, corner_radii: impl Into<Corners<Pixels>>) -> Self {
2724        PaintQuad {
2725            corner_radii: corner_radii.into(),
2726            ..self
2727        }
2728    }
2729
2730    /// Sets the border widths of the quad.
2731    pub fn border_widths(self, border_widths: impl Into<Edges<Pixels>>) -> Self {
2732        PaintQuad {
2733            border_widths: border_widths.into(),
2734            ..self
2735        }
2736    }
2737
2738    /// Sets the border color of the quad.
2739    pub fn border_color(self, border_color: impl Into<Hsla>) -> Self {
2740        PaintQuad {
2741            border_color: border_color.into(),
2742            ..self
2743        }
2744    }
2745
2746    /// Sets the background color of the quad.
2747    pub fn background(self, background: impl Into<Hsla>) -> Self {
2748        PaintQuad {
2749            background: background.into(),
2750            ..self
2751        }
2752    }
2753}
2754
2755/// Creates a quad with the given parameters.
2756pub fn quad(
2757    bounds: Bounds<Pixels>,
2758    corner_radii: impl Into<Corners<Pixels>>,
2759    background: impl Into<Hsla>,
2760    border_widths: impl Into<Edges<Pixels>>,
2761    border_color: impl Into<Hsla>,
2762) -> PaintQuad {
2763    PaintQuad {
2764        bounds,
2765        corner_radii: corner_radii.into(),
2766        background: background.into(),
2767        border_widths: border_widths.into(),
2768        border_color: border_color.into(),
2769    }
2770}
2771
2772/// Creates a filled quad with the given bounds and background color.
2773pub fn fill(bounds: impl Into<Bounds<Pixels>>, background: impl Into<Hsla>) -> PaintQuad {
2774    PaintQuad {
2775        bounds: bounds.into(),
2776        corner_radii: (0.).into(),
2777        background: background.into(),
2778        border_widths: (0.).into(),
2779        border_color: transparent_black(),
2780    }
2781}
2782
2783/// Creates a rectangle outline with the given bounds, border color, and a 1px border width
2784pub fn outline(bounds: impl Into<Bounds<Pixels>>, border_color: impl Into<Hsla>) -> PaintQuad {
2785    PaintQuad {
2786        bounds: bounds.into(),
2787        corner_radii: (0.).into(),
2788        background: transparent_black(),
2789        border_widths: (1.).into(),
2790        border_color: border_color.into(),
2791    }
2792}