window.rs

   1use crate::{
   2    px, size, Action, AnyBox, AnyDrag, AnyView, AppContext, AsyncWindowContext, AvailableSpace,
   3    Bounds, BoxShadow, Context, Corners, DevicePixels, DispatchContext, DisplayId, Edges, Effect,
   4    Entity, EntityId, EventEmitter, FileDropEvent, FocusEvent, FontId, GlobalElementId, GlyphId,
   5    Hsla, ImageData, InputEvent, IsZero, KeyListener, KeyMatch, KeyMatcher, Keystroke, LayoutId,
   6    Model, ModelContext, Modifiers, MonochromeSprite, MouseButton, MouseDownEvent, MouseMoveEvent,
   7    MouseUpEvent, Path, Pixels, PlatformAtlas, PlatformWindow, Point, PolychromeSprite,
   8    PromptLevel, Quad, Render, RenderGlyphParams, RenderImageParams, RenderSvgParams, ScaledPixels,
   9    SceneBuilder, Shadow, SharedString, Size, Style, Subscription, TaffyLayoutEngine, Task,
  10    Underline, UnderlineStyle, View, VisualContext, WeakView, WindowOptions, SUBPIXEL_VARIANTS,
  11};
  12use anyhow::{anyhow, Result};
  13use collections::HashMap;
  14use derive_more::{Deref, DerefMut};
  15use futures::{
  16    channel::{mpsc, oneshot},
  17    StreamExt,
  18};
  19use parking_lot::RwLock;
  20use slotmap::SlotMap;
  21use smallvec::SmallVec;
  22use std::{
  23    any::{Any, TypeId},
  24    borrow::{Borrow, BorrowMut, Cow},
  25    fmt::Debug,
  26    future::Future,
  27    hash::{Hash, Hasher},
  28    marker::PhantomData,
  29    mem,
  30    sync::{
  31        atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering::SeqCst},
  32        Arc,
  33    },
  34};
  35use util::ResultExt;
  36
  37/// A global stacking order, which is created by stacking successive z-index values.
  38/// Each z-index will always be interpreted in the context of its parent z-index.
  39#[derive(Deref, DerefMut, Ord, PartialOrd, Eq, PartialEq, Clone, Default)]
  40pub(crate) struct StackingOrder(pub(crate) SmallVec<[u32; 16]>);
  41
  42/// Represents the two different phases when dispatching events.
  43#[derive(Default, Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
  44pub enum DispatchPhase {
  45    /// After the capture phase comes the bubble phase, in which mouse event listeners are
  46    /// invoked front to back and keyboard event listeners are invoked from the focused element
  47    /// to the root of the element tree. This is the phase you'll most commonly want to use when
  48    /// registering event listeners.
  49    #[default]
  50    Bubble,
  51    /// During the initial capture phase, mouse event listeners are invoked back to front, and keyboard
  52    /// listeners are invoked from the root of the tree downward toward the focused element. This phase
  53    /// is used for special purposes such as clearing the "pressed" state for click events. If
  54    /// you stop event propagation during this phase, you need to know what you're doing. Handlers
  55    /// outside of the immediate region may rely on detecting non-local events during this phase.
  56    Capture,
  57}
  58
  59type AnyListener = Box<dyn Fn(&dyn Any, DispatchPhase, &mut WindowContext) + 'static>;
  60type AnyKeyListener = Box<
  61    dyn Fn(
  62            &dyn Any,
  63            &[&DispatchContext],
  64            DispatchPhase,
  65            &mut WindowContext,
  66        ) -> Option<Box<dyn Action>>
  67        + 'static,
  68>;
  69type AnyFocusListener = Box<dyn Fn(&FocusEvent, &mut WindowContext) + 'static>;
  70
  71slotmap::new_key_type! { pub struct FocusId; }
  72
  73/// A handle which can be used to track and manipulate the focused element in a window.
  74pub struct FocusHandle {
  75    pub(crate) id: FocusId,
  76    handles: Arc<RwLock<SlotMap<FocusId, AtomicUsize>>>,
  77}
  78
  79impl FocusHandle {
  80    pub(crate) fn new(handles: &Arc<RwLock<SlotMap<FocusId, AtomicUsize>>>) -> Self {
  81        let id = handles.write().insert(AtomicUsize::new(1));
  82        Self {
  83            id,
  84            handles: handles.clone(),
  85        }
  86    }
  87
  88    pub(crate) fn for_id(
  89        id: FocusId,
  90        handles: &Arc<RwLock<SlotMap<FocusId, AtomicUsize>>>,
  91    ) -> Option<Self> {
  92        let lock = handles.read();
  93        let ref_count = lock.get(id)?;
  94        if ref_count.load(SeqCst) == 0 {
  95            None
  96        } else {
  97            ref_count.fetch_add(1, SeqCst);
  98            Some(Self {
  99                id,
 100                handles: handles.clone(),
 101            })
 102        }
 103    }
 104
 105    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle is currently focused.
 106    pub fn is_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 107        cx.window.focus == Some(self.id)
 108    }
 109
 110    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle contains the focused
 111    /// element or is itself focused.
 112    pub fn contains_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 113        cx.focused()
 114            .map_or(false, |focused| self.contains(&focused, cx))
 115    }
 116
 117    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle is contained within the
 118    /// focused element or is itself focused.
 119    pub fn within_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 120        let focused = cx.focused();
 121        focused.map_or(false, |focused| focused.contains(self, cx))
 122    }
 123
 124    /// Obtains whether this handle contains the given handle in the most recently rendered frame.
 125    pub(crate) fn contains(&self, other: &Self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 126        let mut ancestor = Some(other.id);
 127        while let Some(ancestor_id) = ancestor {
 128            if self.id == ancestor_id {
 129                return true;
 130            } else {
 131                ancestor = cx.window.focus_parents_by_child.get(&ancestor_id).copied();
 132            }
 133        }
 134        false
 135    }
 136}
 137
 138impl Clone for FocusHandle {
 139    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
 140        Self::for_id(self.id, &self.handles).unwrap()
 141    }
 142}
 143
 144impl PartialEq for FocusHandle {
 145    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
 146        self.id == other.id
 147    }
 148}
 149
 150impl Eq for FocusHandle {}
 151
 152impl Drop for FocusHandle {
 153    fn drop(&mut self) {
 154        self.handles
 155            .read()
 156            .get(self.id)
 157            .unwrap()
 158            .fetch_sub(1, SeqCst);
 159    }
 160}
 161
 162// Holds the state for a specific window.
 163pub struct Window {
 164    pub(crate) handle: AnyWindowHandle,
 165    platform_window: Box<dyn PlatformWindow>,
 166    display_id: DisplayId,
 167    sprite_atlas: Arc<dyn PlatformAtlas>,
 168    rem_size: Pixels,
 169    content_size: Size<Pixels>,
 170    pub(crate) layout_engine: TaffyLayoutEngine,
 171    pub(crate) root_view: Option<AnyView>,
 172    pub(crate) element_id_stack: GlobalElementId,
 173    prev_frame_element_states: HashMap<GlobalElementId, AnyBox>,
 174    element_states: HashMap<GlobalElementId, AnyBox>,
 175    prev_frame_key_matchers: HashMap<GlobalElementId, KeyMatcher>,
 176    key_matchers: HashMap<GlobalElementId, KeyMatcher>,
 177    z_index_stack: StackingOrder,
 178    content_mask_stack: Vec<ContentMask<Pixels>>,
 179    element_offset_stack: Vec<Point<Pixels>>,
 180    mouse_listeners: HashMap<TypeId, Vec<(StackingOrder, AnyListener)>>,
 181    key_dispatch_stack: Vec<KeyDispatchStackFrame>,
 182    freeze_key_dispatch_stack: bool,
 183    focus_stack: Vec<FocusId>,
 184    focus_parents_by_child: HashMap<FocusId, FocusId>,
 185    pub(crate) focus_listeners: Vec<AnyFocusListener>,
 186    pub(crate) focus_handles: Arc<RwLock<SlotMap<FocusId, AtomicUsize>>>,
 187    default_prevented: bool,
 188    mouse_position: Point<Pixels>,
 189    scale_factor: f32,
 190    pub(crate) scene_builder: SceneBuilder,
 191    pub(crate) dirty: bool,
 192    pub(crate) last_blur: Option<Option<FocusId>>,
 193    pub(crate) focus: Option<FocusId>,
 194}
 195
 196impl Window {
 197    pub(crate) fn new(
 198        handle: AnyWindowHandle,
 199        options: WindowOptions,
 200        cx: &mut AppContext,
 201    ) -> Self {
 202        let platform_window = cx.platform.open_window(handle, options);
 203        let display_id = platform_window.display().id();
 204        let sprite_atlas = platform_window.sprite_atlas();
 205        let mouse_position = platform_window.mouse_position();
 206        let content_size = platform_window.content_size();
 207        let scale_factor = platform_window.scale_factor();
 208        platform_window.on_resize(Box::new({
 209            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 210            move |content_size, scale_factor| {
 211                handle
 212                    .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| {
 213                        cx.window.scale_factor = scale_factor;
 214                        cx.window.scene_builder = SceneBuilder::new();
 215                        cx.window.content_size = content_size;
 216                        cx.window.display_id = cx.window.platform_window.display().id();
 217                        cx.window.dirty = true;
 218                    })
 219                    .log_err();
 220            }
 221        }));
 222
 223        platform_window.on_input({
 224            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 225            Box::new(move |event| {
 226                handle
 227                    .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| cx.dispatch_event(event))
 228                    .log_err()
 229                    .unwrap_or(true)
 230            })
 231        });
 232
 233        Window {
 234            handle,
 235            platform_window,
 236            display_id,
 237            sprite_atlas,
 238            rem_size: px(16.),
 239            content_size,
 240            layout_engine: TaffyLayoutEngine::new(),
 241            root_view: None,
 242            element_id_stack: GlobalElementId::default(),
 243            prev_frame_element_states: HashMap::default(),
 244            element_states: HashMap::default(),
 245            prev_frame_key_matchers: HashMap::default(),
 246            key_matchers: HashMap::default(),
 247            z_index_stack: StackingOrder(SmallVec::new()),
 248            content_mask_stack: Vec::new(),
 249            element_offset_stack: Vec::new(),
 250            mouse_listeners: HashMap::default(),
 251            key_dispatch_stack: Vec::new(),
 252            freeze_key_dispatch_stack: false,
 253            focus_stack: Vec::new(),
 254            focus_parents_by_child: HashMap::default(),
 255            focus_listeners: Vec::new(),
 256            focus_handles: Arc::new(RwLock::new(SlotMap::with_key())),
 257            default_prevented: true,
 258            mouse_position,
 259            scale_factor,
 260            scene_builder: SceneBuilder::new(),
 261            dirty: true,
 262            last_blur: None,
 263            focus: None,
 264        }
 265    }
 266}
 267
 268/// When constructing the element tree, we maintain a stack of key dispatch frames until we
 269/// find the focused element. We interleave key listeners with dispatch contexts so we can use the
 270/// contexts when matching key events against the keymap.
 271enum KeyDispatchStackFrame {
 272    Listener {
 273        event_type: TypeId,
 274        listener: AnyKeyListener,
 275    },
 276    Context(DispatchContext),
 277}
 278
 279/// Indicates which region of the window is visible. Content falling outside of this mask will not be
 280/// rendered. Currently, only rectangular content masks are supported, but we give the mask its own type
 281/// to leave room to support more complex shapes in the future.
 282#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
 283#[repr(C)]
 284pub struct ContentMask<P: Clone + Default + Debug> {
 285    pub bounds: Bounds<P>,
 286}
 287
 288impl ContentMask<Pixels> {
 289    /// Scale the content mask's pixel units by the given scaling factor.
 290    pub fn scale(&self, factor: f32) -> ContentMask<ScaledPixels> {
 291        ContentMask {
 292            bounds: self.bounds.scale(factor),
 293        }
 294    }
 295
 296    /// Intersect the content mask with the given content mask.
 297    pub fn intersect(&self, other: &Self) -> Self {
 298        let bounds = self.bounds.intersect(&other.bounds);
 299        ContentMask { bounds }
 300    }
 301}
 302
 303/// Provides access to application state in the context of a single window. Derefs
 304/// to an `AppContext`, so you can also pass a `WindowContext` to any method that takes
 305/// an `AppContext` and call any `AppContext` methods.
 306pub struct WindowContext<'a> {
 307    pub(crate) app: &'a mut AppContext,
 308    pub(crate) window: &'a mut Window,
 309}
 310
 311impl<'a> WindowContext<'a> {
 312    pub(crate) fn new(app: &'a mut AppContext, window: &'a mut Window) -> Self {
 313        Self { app, window }
 314    }
 315
 316    /// Obtain a handle to the window that belongs to this context.
 317    pub fn window_handle(&self) -> AnyWindowHandle {
 318        self.window.handle
 319    }
 320
 321    /// Mark the window as dirty, scheduling it to be redrawn on the next frame.
 322    pub fn notify(&mut self) {
 323        self.window.dirty = true;
 324    }
 325
 326    /// Obtain a new `FocusHandle`, which allows you to track and manipulate the keyboard focus
 327    /// for elements rendered within this window.
 328    pub fn focus_handle(&mut self) -> FocusHandle {
 329        FocusHandle::new(&self.window.focus_handles)
 330    }
 331
 332    /// Obtain the currently focused `FocusHandle`. If no elements are focused, returns `None`.
 333    pub fn focused(&self) -> Option<FocusHandle> {
 334        self.window
 335            .focus
 336            .and_then(|id| FocusHandle::for_id(id, &self.window.focus_handles))
 337    }
 338
 339    /// Move focus to the element associated with the given `FocusHandle`.
 340    pub fn focus(&mut self, handle: &FocusHandle) {
 341        if self.window.last_blur.is_none() {
 342            self.window.last_blur = Some(self.window.focus);
 343        }
 344
 345        self.window.focus = Some(handle.id);
 346        self.app.push_effect(Effect::FocusChanged {
 347            window_handle: self.window.handle,
 348            focused: Some(handle.id),
 349        });
 350        self.notify();
 351    }
 352
 353    /// Remove focus from all elements within this context's window.
 354    pub fn blur(&mut self) {
 355        if self.window.last_blur.is_none() {
 356            self.window.last_blur = Some(self.window.focus);
 357        }
 358
 359        self.window.focus = None;
 360        self.app.push_effect(Effect::FocusChanged {
 361            window_handle: self.window.handle,
 362            focused: None,
 363        });
 364        self.notify();
 365    }
 366
 367    /// Schedules the given function to be run at the end of the current effect cycle, allowing entities
 368    /// that are currently on the stack to be returned to the app.
 369    pub fn defer(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut WindowContext) + 'static) {
 370        let handle = self.window.handle;
 371        self.app.defer(move |cx| {
 372            handle.update(cx, |_, cx| f(cx)).ok();
 373        });
 374    }
 375
 376    pub fn subscribe<Emitter, E>(
 377        &mut self,
 378        entity: &E,
 379        mut on_event: impl FnMut(E, &Emitter::Event, &mut WindowContext<'_>) + 'static,
 380    ) -> Subscription
 381    where
 382        Emitter: EventEmitter,
 383        E: Entity<Emitter>,
 384    {
 385        let entity_id = entity.entity_id();
 386        let entity = entity.downgrade();
 387        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
 388        self.app.event_listeners.insert(
 389            entity_id,
 390            Box::new(move |event, cx| {
 391                window_handle
 392                    .update(cx, |_, cx| {
 393                        if let Some(handle) = E::upgrade_from(&entity) {
 394                            let event = event.downcast_ref().expect("invalid event type");
 395                            on_event(handle, event, cx);
 396                            true
 397                        } else {
 398                            false
 399                        }
 400                    })
 401                    .unwrap_or(false)
 402            }),
 403        )
 404    }
 405
 406    /// Create an `AsyncWindowContext`, which has a static lifetime and can be held across
 407    /// await points in async code.
 408    pub fn to_async(&self) -> AsyncWindowContext {
 409        AsyncWindowContext::new(self.app.to_async(), self.window.handle)
 410    }
 411
 412    /// Schedule the given closure to be run directly after the current frame is rendered.
 413    pub fn on_next_frame(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut WindowContext) + 'static) {
 414        let f = Box::new(f);
 415        let display_id = self.window.display_id;
 416
 417        self.next_frame_callbacks
 418            .entry(display_id)
 419            .or_default()
 420            .push(f);
 421
 422        self.frame_consumers.entry(display_id).or_insert_with(|| {
 423            let (tx, rx) = mpsc::unbounded::<()>();
 424
 425            self.spawn(|cx| async move {
 426                while rx.next().await.is_some() {
 427                    let _ = cx.update(|_, cx| {
 428                        for callback in cx
 429                            .app
 430                            .next_frame_callbacks
 431                            .get_mut(&display_id)
 432                            .unwrap()
 433                            .drain(..)
 434                        {
 435                            callback(cx);
 436                        }
 437                    });
 438                }
 439            })
 440        });
 441
 442        if let Some(callbacks) = self.next_frame_callbacks.get_mut(&display_id) {
 443            callbacks.push(f);
 444            // If there was already a callback, it means that we already scheduled a frame.
 445            if callbacks.len() > 1 {
 446                return;
 447            }
 448        } else {
 449            let mut async_cx = self.to_async();
 450            self.next_frame_callbacks.insert(display_id, vec![f]);
 451            self.platform.set_display_link_output_callback(
 452                display_id,
 453                Box::new(move |_current_time, _output_time| {
 454                    let _ = async_cx.update(|_, cx| {
 455                        let callbacks = cx
 456                            .next_frame_callbacks
 457                            .get_mut(&display_id)
 458                            .unwrap()
 459                            .drain(..)
 460                            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
 461                        for callback in callbacks {
 462                            callback(cx);
 463                        }
 464
 465                        if cx.next_frame_callbacks.get(&display_id).unwrap().is_empty() {
 466                            cx.platform.stop_display_link(display_id);
 467                        }
 468                    });
 469                }),
 470            );
 471        }
 472
 473        self.platform.start_display_link(display_id);
 474    }
 475
 476    /// Spawn the future returned by the given closure on the application thread pool.
 477    /// The closure is provided a handle to the current window and an `AsyncWindowContext` for
 478    /// use within your future.
 479    pub fn spawn<Fut, R>(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(AsyncWindowContext) -> Fut) -> Task<R>
 480    where
 481        R: 'static,
 482        Fut: Future<Output = R> + 'static,
 483    {
 484        self.app
 485            .spawn(|app| f(AsyncWindowContext::new(app, self.window.handle)))
 486    }
 487
 488    /// Update the global of the given type. The given closure is given simultaneous mutable
 489    /// access both to the global and the context.
 490    pub fn update_global<G, R>(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut G, &mut Self) -> R) -> R
 491    where
 492        G: 'static,
 493    {
 494        let mut global = self.app.lease_global::<G>();
 495        let result = f(&mut global, self);
 496        self.app.end_global_lease(global);
 497        result
 498    }
 499
 500    /// Add a node to the layout tree for the current frame. Takes the `Style` of the element for which
 501    /// layout is being requested, along with the layout ids of any children. This method is called during
 502    /// calls to the `Element::layout` trait method and enables any element to participate in layout.
 503    pub fn request_layout(
 504        &mut self,
 505        style: &Style,
 506        children: impl IntoIterator<Item = LayoutId>,
 507    ) -> LayoutId {
 508        self.app.layout_id_buffer.clear();
 509        self.app.layout_id_buffer.extend(children.into_iter());
 510        let rem_size = self.rem_size();
 511
 512        self.window
 513            .layout_engine
 514            .request_layout(style, rem_size, &self.app.layout_id_buffer)
 515    }
 516
 517    /// Add a node to the layout tree for the current frame. Instead of taking a `Style` and children,
 518    /// this variant takes a function that is invoked during layout so you can use arbitrary logic to
 519    /// determine the element's size. One place this is used internally is when measuring text.
 520    ///
 521    /// The given closure is invoked at layout time with the known dimensions and available space and
 522    /// returns a `Size`.
 523    pub fn request_measured_layout<
 524        F: Fn(Size<Option<Pixels>>, Size<AvailableSpace>) -> Size<Pixels> + Send + Sync + 'static,
 525    >(
 526        &mut self,
 527        style: Style,
 528        rem_size: Pixels,
 529        measure: F,
 530    ) -> LayoutId {
 531        self.window
 532            .layout_engine
 533            .request_measured_layout(style, rem_size, measure)
 534    }
 535
 536    /// Obtain the bounds computed for the given LayoutId relative to the window. This method should not
 537    /// be invoked until the paint phase begins, and will usually be invoked by GPUI itself automatically
 538    /// in order to pass your element its `Bounds` automatically.
 539    pub fn layout_bounds(&mut self, layout_id: LayoutId) -> Bounds<Pixels> {
 540        let mut bounds = self
 541            .window
 542            .layout_engine
 543            .layout_bounds(layout_id)
 544            .map(Into::into);
 545        bounds.origin += self.element_offset();
 546        bounds
 547    }
 548
 549    /// The scale factor of the display associated with the window. For example, it could
 550    /// return 2.0 for a "retina" display, indicating that each logical pixel should actually
 551    /// be rendered as two pixels on screen.
 552    pub fn scale_factor(&self) -> f32 {
 553        self.window.scale_factor
 554    }
 555
 556    /// The size of an em for the base font of the application. Adjusting this value allows the
 557    /// UI to scale, just like zooming a web page.
 558    pub fn rem_size(&self) -> Pixels {
 559        self.window.rem_size
 560    }
 561
 562    /// Sets the size of an em for the base font of the application. Adjusting this value allows the
 563    /// UI to scale, just like zooming a web page.
 564    pub fn set_rem_size(&mut self, rem_size: impl Into<Pixels>) {
 565        self.window.rem_size = rem_size.into();
 566    }
 567
 568    /// The line height associated with the current text style.
 569    pub fn line_height(&self) -> Pixels {
 570        let rem_size = self.rem_size();
 571        let text_style = self.text_style();
 572        text_style
 573            .line_height
 574            .to_pixels(text_style.font_size.into(), rem_size)
 575    }
 576
 577    /// Call to prevent the default action of an event. Currently only used to prevent
 578    /// parent elements from becoming focused on mouse down.
 579    pub fn prevent_default(&mut self) {
 580        self.window.default_prevented = true;
 581    }
 582
 583    /// Obtain whether default has been prevented for the event currently being dispatched.
 584    pub fn default_prevented(&self) -> bool {
 585        self.window.default_prevented
 586    }
 587
 588    /// Register a mouse event listener on the window for the current frame. The type of event
 589    /// is determined by the first parameter of the given listener. When the next frame is rendered
 590    /// the listener will be cleared.
 591    ///
 592    /// This is a fairly low-level method, so prefer using event handlers on elements unless you have
 593    /// a specific need to register a global listener.
 594    pub fn on_mouse_event<Event: 'static>(
 595        &mut self,
 596        handler: impl Fn(&Event, DispatchPhase, &mut WindowContext) + 'static,
 597    ) {
 598        let order = self.window.z_index_stack.clone();
 599        self.window
 600            .mouse_listeners
 601            .entry(TypeId::of::<Event>())
 602            .or_default()
 603            .push((
 604                order,
 605                Box::new(move |event: &dyn Any, phase, cx| {
 606                    handler(event.downcast_ref().unwrap(), phase, cx)
 607                }),
 608            ))
 609    }
 610
 611    /// The position of the mouse relative to the window.
 612    pub fn mouse_position(&self) -> Point<Pixels> {
 613        self.window.mouse_position
 614    }
 615
 616    /// Called during painting to invoke the given closure in a new stacking context. The given
 617    /// z-index is interpreted relative to the previous call to `stack`.
 618    pub fn stack<R>(&mut self, z_index: u32, f: impl FnOnce(&mut Self) -> R) -> R {
 619        self.window.z_index_stack.push(z_index);
 620        let result = f(self);
 621        self.window.z_index_stack.pop();
 622        result
 623    }
 624
 625    /// Paint one or more drop shadows into the scene for the current frame at the current z-index.
 626    pub fn paint_shadows(
 627        &mut self,
 628        bounds: Bounds<Pixels>,
 629        corner_radii: Corners<Pixels>,
 630        shadows: &[BoxShadow],
 631    ) {
 632        let scale_factor = self.scale_factor();
 633        let content_mask = self.content_mask();
 634        let window = &mut *self.window;
 635        for shadow in shadows {
 636            let mut shadow_bounds = bounds;
 637            shadow_bounds.origin += shadow.offset;
 638            shadow_bounds.dilate(shadow.spread_radius);
 639            window.scene_builder.insert(
 640                &window.z_index_stack,
 641                Shadow {
 642                    order: 0,
 643                    bounds: shadow_bounds.scale(scale_factor),
 644                    content_mask: content_mask.scale(scale_factor),
 645                    corner_radii: corner_radii.scale(scale_factor),
 646                    color: shadow.color,
 647                    blur_radius: shadow.blur_radius.scale(scale_factor),
 648                },
 649            );
 650        }
 651    }
 652
 653    /// Paint one or more quads into the scene for the current frame at the current stacking context.
 654    /// Quads are colored rectangular regions with an optional background, border, and corner radius.
 655    pub fn paint_quad(
 656        &mut self,
 657        bounds: Bounds<Pixels>,
 658        corner_radii: Corners<Pixels>,
 659        background: impl Into<Hsla>,
 660        border_widths: Edges<Pixels>,
 661        border_color: impl Into<Hsla>,
 662    ) {
 663        let scale_factor = self.scale_factor();
 664        let content_mask = self.content_mask();
 665
 666        let window = &mut *self.window;
 667        window.scene_builder.insert(
 668            &window.z_index_stack,
 669            Quad {
 670                order: 0,
 671                bounds: bounds.scale(scale_factor),
 672                content_mask: content_mask.scale(scale_factor),
 673                background: background.into(),
 674                border_color: border_color.into(),
 675                corner_radii: corner_radii.scale(scale_factor),
 676                border_widths: border_widths.scale(scale_factor),
 677            },
 678        );
 679    }
 680
 681    /// Paint the given `Path` into the scene for the current frame at the current z-index.
 682    pub fn paint_path(&mut self, mut path: Path<Pixels>, color: impl Into<Hsla>) {
 683        let scale_factor = self.scale_factor();
 684        let content_mask = self.content_mask();
 685        path.content_mask = content_mask;
 686        path.color = color.into();
 687        let window = &mut *self.window;
 688        window
 689            .scene_builder
 690            .insert(&window.z_index_stack, path.scale(scale_factor));
 691    }
 692
 693    /// Paint an underline into the scene for the current frame at the current z-index.
 694    pub fn paint_underline(
 695        &mut self,
 696        origin: Point<Pixels>,
 697        width: Pixels,
 698        style: &UnderlineStyle,
 699    ) -> Result<()> {
 700        let scale_factor = self.scale_factor();
 701        let height = if style.wavy {
 702            style.thickness * 3.
 703        } else {
 704            style.thickness
 705        };
 706        let bounds = Bounds {
 707            origin,
 708            size: size(width, height),
 709        };
 710        let content_mask = self.content_mask();
 711        let window = &mut *self.window;
 712        window.scene_builder.insert(
 713            &window.z_index_stack,
 714            Underline {
 715                order: 0,
 716                bounds: bounds.scale(scale_factor),
 717                content_mask: content_mask.scale(scale_factor),
 718                thickness: style.thickness.scale(scale_factor),
 719                color: style.color.unwrap_or_default(),
 720                wavy: style.wavy,
 721            },
 722        );
 723        Ok(())
 724    }
 725
 726    /// Paint a monochrome (non-emoji) glyph into the scene for the current frame at the current z-index.
 727    pub fn paint_glyph(
 728        &mut self,
 729        origin: Point<Pixels>,
 730        font_id: FontId,
 731        glyph_id: GlyphId,
 732        font_size: Pixels,
 733        color: Hsla,
 734    ) -> Result<()> {
 735        let scale_factor = self.scale_factor();
 736        let glyph_origin = origin.scale(scale_factor);
 737        let subpixel_variant = Point {
 738            x: (glyph_origin.x.0.fract() * SUBPIXEL_VARIANTS as f32).floor() as u8,
 739            y: (glyph_origin.y.0.fract() * SUBPIXEL_VARIANTS as f32).floor() as u8,
 740        };
 741        let params = RenderGlyphParams {
 742            font_id,
 743            glyph_id,
 744            font_size,
 745            subpixel_variant,
 746            scale_factor,
 747            is_emoji: false,
 748        };
 749
 750        let raster_bounds = self.text_system().raster_bounds(&params)?;
 751        if !raster_bounds.is_zero() {
 752            let tile =
 753                self.window
 754                    .sprite_atlas
 755                    .get_or_insert_with(&params.clone().into(), &mut || {
 756                        let (size, bytes) = self.text_system().rasterize_glyph(&params)?;
 757                        Ok((size, Cow::Owned(bytes)))
 758                    })?;
 759            let bounds = Bounds {
 760                origin: glyph_origin.map(|px| px.floor()) + raster_bounds.origin.map(Into::into),
 761                size: tile.bounds.size.map(Into::into),
 762            };
 763            let content_mask = self.content_mask().scale(scale_factor);
 764            let window = &mut *self.window;
 765            window.scene_builder.insert(
 766                &window.z_index_stack,
 767                MonochromeSprite {
 768                    order: 0,
 769                    bounds,
 770                    content_mask,
 771                    color,
 772                    tile,
 773                },
 774            );
 775        }
 776        Ok(())
 777    }
 778
 779    /// Paint an emoji glyph into the scene for the current frame at the current z-index.
 780    pub fn paint_emoji(
 781        &mut self,
 782        origin: Point<Pixels>,
 783        font_id: FontId,
 784        glyph_id: GlyphId,
 785        font_size: Pixels,
 786    ) -> Result<()> {
 787        let scale_factor = self.scale_factor();
 788        let glyph_origin = origin.scale(scale_factor);
 789        let params = RenderGlyphParams {
 790            font_id,
 791            glyph_id,
 792            font_size,
 793            // We don't render emojis with subpixel variants.
 794            subpixel_variant: Default::default(),
 795            scale_factor,
 796            is_emoji: true,
 797        };
 798
 799        let raster_bounds = self.text_system().raster_bounds(&params)?;
 800        if !raster_bounds.is_zero() {
 801            let tile =
 802                self.window
 803                    .sprite_atlas
 804                    .get_or_insert_with(&params.clone().into(), &mut || {
 805                        let (size, bytes) = self.text_system().rasterize_glyph(&params)?;
 806                        Ok((size, Cow::Owned(bytes)))
 807                    })?;
 808            let bounds = Bounds {
 809                origin: glyph_origin.map(|px| px.floor()) + raster_bounds.origin.map(Into::into),
 810                size: tile.bounds.size.map(Into::into),
 811            };
 812            let content_mask = self.content_mask().scale(scale_factor);
 813            let window = &mut *self.window;
 814
 815            window.scene_builder.insert(
 816                &window.z_index_stack,
 817                PolychromeSprite {
 818                    order: 0,
 819                    bounds,
 820                    corner_radii: Default::default(),
 821                    content_mask,
 822                    tile,
 823                    grayscale: false,
 824                },
 825            );
 826        }
 827        Ok(())
 828    }
 829
 830    /// Paint a monochrome SVG into the scene for the current frame at the current stacking context.
 831    pub fn paint_svg(
 832        &mut self,
 833        bounds: Bounds<Pixels>,
 834        path: SharedString,
 835        color: Hsla,
 836    ) -> Result<()> {
 837        let scale_factor = self.scale_factor();
 838        let bounds = bounds.scale(scale_factor);
 839        // Render the SVG at twice the size to get a higher quality result.
 840        let params = RenderSvgParams {
 841            path,
 842            size: bounds
 843                .size
 844                .map(|pixels| DevicePixels::from((pixels.0 * 2.).ceil() as i32)),
 845        };
 846
 847        let tile =
 848            self.window
 849                .sprite_atlas
 850                .get_or_insert_with(&params.clone().into(), &mut || {
 851                    let bytes = self.svg_renderer.render(&params)?;
 852                    Ok((params.size, Cow::Owned(bytes)))
 853                })?;
 854        let content_mask = self.content_mask().scale(scale_factor);
 855
 856        let window = &mut *self.window;
 857        window.scene_builder.insert(
 858            &window.z_index_stack,
 859            MonochromeSprite {
 860                order: 0,
 861                bounds,
 862                content_mask,
 863                color,
 864                tile,
 865            },
 866        );
 867
 868        Ok(())
 869    }
 870
 871    /// Paint an image into the scene for the current frame at the current z-index.
 872    pub fn paint_image(
 873        &mut self,
 874        bounds: Bounds<Pixels>,
 875        corner_radii: Corners<Pixels>,
 876        data: Arc<ImageData>,
 877        grayscale: bool,
 878    ) -> Result<()> {
 879        let scale_factor = self.scale_factor();
 880        let bounds = bounds.scale(scale_factor);
 881        let params = RenderImageParams { image_id: data.id };
 882
 883        let tile = self
 884            .window
 885            .sprite_atlas
 886            .get_or_insert_with(&params.clone().into(), &mut || {
 887                Ok((data.size(), Cow::Borrowed(data.as_bytes())))
 888            })?;
 889        let content_mask = self.content_mask().scale(scale_factor);
 890        let corner_radii = corner_radii.scale(scale_factor);
 891
 892        let window = &mut *self.window;
 893        window.scene_builder.insert(
 894            &window.z_index_stack,
 895            PolychromeSprite {
 896                order: 0,
 897                bounds,
 898                content_mask,
 899                corner_radii,
 900                tile,
 901                grayscale,
 902            },
 903        );
 904        Ok(())
 905    }
 906
 907    /// Draw pixels to the display for this window based on the contents of its scene.
 908    pub(crate) fn draw(&mut self) {
 909        let root_view = self.window.root_view.take().unwrap();
 910
 911        self.start_frame();
 912
 913        self.stack(0, |cx| {
 914            let available_space = cx.window.content_size.map(Into::into);
 915            root_view.draw(available_space, cx);
 916        });
 917
 918        if let Some(active_drag) = self.app.active_drag.take() {
 919            self.stack(1, |cx| {
 920                let offset = cx.mouse_position() - active_drag.cursor_offset;
 921                cx.with_element_offset(Some(offset), |cx| {
 922                    let available_space =
 923                        size(AvailableSpace::MinContent, AvailableSpace::MinContent);
 924                    active_drag.view.draw(available_space, cx);
 925                    cx.active_drag = Some(active_drag);
 926                });
 927            });
 928        }
 929
 930        self.window.root_view = Some(root_view);
 931        let scene = self.window.scene_builder.build();
 932
 933        self.window.platform_window.draw(scene);
 934        self.window.dirty = false;
 935    }
 936
 937    fn start_frame(&mut self) {
 938        self.text_system().start_frame();
 939
 940        let window = &mut *self.window;
 941
 942        // Move the current frame element states to the previous frame.
 943        // The new empty element states map will be populated for any element states we
 944        // reference during the upcoming frame.
 945        mem::swap(
 946            &mut window.element_states,
 947            &mut window.prev_frame_element_states,
 948        );
 949        window.element_states.clear();
 950
 951        // Make the current key matchers the previous, and then clear the current.
 952        // An empty key matcher map will be created for every identified element in the
 953        // upcoming frame.
 954        mem::swap(
 955            &mut window.key_matchers,
 956            &mut window.prev_frame_key_matchers,
 957        );
 958        window.key_matchers.clear();
 959
 960        // Clear mouse event listeners, because elements add new element listeners
 961        // when the upcoming frame is painted.
 962        window.mouse_listeners.values_mut().for_each(Vec::clear);
 963
 964        // Clear focus state, because we determine what is focused when the new elements
 965        // in the upcoming frame are initialized.
 966        window.focus_listeners.clear();
 967        window.key_dispatch_stack.clear();
 968        window.focus_parents_by_child.clear();
 969        window.freeze_key_dispatch_stack = false;
 970    }
 971
 972    /// Dispatch a mouse or keyboard event on the window.
 973    fn dispatch_event(&mut self, event: InputEvent) -> bool {
 974        let event = match event {
 975            // Track the mouse position with our own state, since accessing the platform
 976            // API for the mouse position can only occur on the main thread.
 977            InputEvent::MouseMove(mouse_move) => {
 978                self.window.mouse_position = mouse_move.position;
 979                InputEvent::MouseMove(mouse_move)
 980            }
 981            // Translate dragging and dropping of external files from the operating system
 982            // to internal drag and drop events.
 983            InputEvent::FileDrop(file_drop) => match file_drop {
 984                FileDropEvent::Entered { position, files } => {
 985                    self.window.mouse_position = position;
 986                    if self.active_drag.is_none() {
 987                        self.active_drag = Some(AnyDrag {
 988                            view: self.build_view(|_| files).into(),
 989                            cursor_offset: position,
 990                        });
 991                    }
 992                    InputEvent::MouseDown(MouseDownEvent {
 993                        position,
 994                        button: MouseButton::Left,
 995                        click_count: 1,
 996                        modifiers: Modifiers::default(),
 997                    })
 998                }
 999                FileDropEvent::Pending { position } => {
1000                    self.window.mouse_position = position;
1001                    InputEvent::MouseMove(MouseMoveEvent {
1002                        position,
1003                        pressed_button: Some(MouseButton::Left),
1004                        modifiers: Modifiers::default(),
1005                    })
1006                }
1007                FileDropEvent::Submit { position } => {
1008                    self.window.mouse_position = position;
1009                    InputEvent::MouseUp(MouseUpEvent {
1010                        button: MouseButton::Left,
1011                        position,
1012                        modifiers: Modifiers::default(),
1013                        click_count: 1,
1014                    })
1015                }
1016                FileDropEvent::Exited => InputEvent::MouseUp(MouseUpEvent {
1017                    button: MouseButton::Left,
1018                    position: Point::default(),
1019                    modifiers: Modifiers::default(),
1020                    click_count: 1,
1021                }),
1022            },
1023            _ => event,
1024        };
1025
1026        if let Some(any_mouse_event) = event.mouse_event() {
1027            // Handlers may set this to false by calling `stop_propagation`
1028            self.app.propagate_event = true;
1029            self.window.default_prevented = false;
1030
1031            if let Some(mut handlers) = self
1032                .window
1033                .mouse_listeners
1034                .remove(&any_mouse_event.type_id())
1035            {
1036                // Because handlers may add other handlers, we sort every time.
1037                handlers.sort_by(|(a, _), (b, _)| a.cmp(b));
1038
1039                // Capture phase, events bubble from back to front. Handlers for this phase are used for
1040                // special purposes, such as detecting events outside of a given Bounds.
1041                for (_, handler) in &handlers {
1042                    handler(any_mouse_event, DispatchPhase::Capture, self);
1043                    if !self.app.propagate_event {
1044                        break;
1045                    }
1046                }
1047
1048                // Bubble phase, where most normal handlers do their work.
1049                if self.app.propagate_event {
1050                    for (_, handler) in handlers.iter().rev() {
1051                        handler(any_mouse_event, DispatchPhase::Bubble, self);
1052                        if !self.app.propagate_event {
1053                            break;
1054                        }
1055                    }
1056                }
1057
1058                if self.app.propagate_event
1059                    && any_mouse_event.downcast_ref::<MouseUpEvent>().is_some()
1060                {
1061                    self.active_drag = None;
1062                }
1063
1064                // Just in case any handlers added new handlers, which is weird, but possible.
1065                handlers.extend(
1066                    self.window
1067                        .mouse_listeners
1068                        .get_mut(&any_mouse_event.type_id())
1069                        .into_iter()
1070                        .flat_map(|handlers| handlers.drain(..)),
1071                );
1072                self.window
1073                    .mouse_listeners
1074                    .insert(any_mouse_event.type_id(), handlers);
1075            }
1076        } else if let Some(any_key_event) = event.keyboard_event() {
1077            let key_dispatch_stack = mem::take(&mut self.window.key_dispatch_stack);
1078            let key_event_type = any_key_event.type_id();
1079            let mut context_stack = SmallVec::<[&DispatchContext; 16]>::new();
1080
1081            for (ix, frame) in key_dispatch_stack.iter().enumerate() {
1082                match frame {
1083                    KeyDispatchStackFrame::Listener {
1084                        event_type,
1085                        listener,
1086                    } => {
1087                        if key_event_type == *event_type {
1088                            if let Some(action) = listener(
1089                                any_key_event,
1090                                &context_stack,
1091                                DispatchPhase::Capture,
1092                                self,
1093                            ) {
1094                                self.dispatch_action(action, &key_dispatch_stack[..ix]);
1095                            }
1096                            if !self.app.propagate_event {
1097                                break;
1098                            }
1099                        }
1100                    }
1101                    KeyDispatchStackFrame::Context(context) => {
1102                        context_stack.push(&context);
1103                    }
1104                }
1105            }
1106
1107            if self.app.propagate_event {
1108                for (ix, frame) in key_dispatch_stack.iter().enumerate().rev() {
1109                    match frame {
1110                        KeyDispatchStackFrame::Listener {
1111                            event_type,
1112                            listener,
1113                        } => {
1114                            if key_event_type == *event_type {
1115                                if let Some(action) = listener(
1116                                    any_key_event,
1117                                    &context_stack,
1118                                    DispatchPhase::Bubble,
1119                                    self,
1120                                ) {
1121                                    self.dispatch_action(action, &key_dispatch_stack[..ix]);
1122                                }
1123
1124                                if !self.app.propagate_event {
1125                                    break;
1126                                }
1127                            }
1128                        }
1129                        KeyDispatchStackFrame::Context(_) => {
1130                            context_stack.pop();
1131                        }
1132                    }
1133                }
1134            }
1135
1136            drop(context_stack);
1137            self.window.key_dispatch_stack = key_dispatch_stack;
1138        }
1139
1140        true
1141    }
1142
1143    /// Attempt to map a keystroke to an action based on the keymap.
1144    pub fn match_keystroke(
1145        &mut self,
1146        element_id: &GlobalElementId,
1147        keystroke: &Keystroke,
1148        context_stack: &[&DispatchContext],
1149    ) -> KeyMatch {
1150        let key_match = self
1151            .window
1152            .key_matchers
1153            .get_mut(element_id)
1154            .unwrap()
1155            .match_keystroke(keystroke, context_stack);
1156
1157        if key_match.is_some() {
1158            for matcher in self.window.key_matchers.values_mut() {
1159                matcher.clear_pending();
1160            }
1161        }
1162
1163        key_match
1164    }
1165
1166    /// Register the given handler to be invoked whenever the global of the given type
1167    /// is updated.
1168    pub fn observe_global<G: 'static>(
1169        &mut self,
1170        f: impl Fn(&mut WindowContext<'_>) + 'static,
1171    ) -> Subscription {
1172        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
1173        self.global_observers.insert(
1174            TypeId::of::<G>(),
1175            Box::new(move |cx| window_handle.update(cx, |_, cx| f(cx)).is_ok()),
1176        )
1177    }
1178
1179    pub fn activate_window(&self) {
1180        self.window.platform_window.activate();
1181    }
1182
1183    pub fn prompt(
1184        &self,
1185        level: PromptLevel,
1186        msg: &str,
1187        answers: &[&str],
1188    ) -> oneshot::Receiver<usize> {
1189        self.window.platform_window.prompt(level, msg, answers)
1190    }
1191
1192    fn dispatch_action(
1193        &mut self,
1194        action: Box<dyn Action>,
1195        dispatch_stack: &[KeyDispatchStackFrame],
1196    ) {
1197        let action_type = action.as_any().type_id();
1198
1199        if let Some(mut global_listeners) = self.app.global_action_listeners.remove(&action_type) {
1200            for listener in &global_listeners {
1201                listener(action.as_ref(), DispatchPhase::Capture, self);
1202                if !self.app.propagate_event {
1203                    break;
1204                }
1205            }
1206            global_listeners.extend(
1207                self.global_action_listeners
1208                    .remove(&action_type)
1209                    .unwrap_or_default(),
1210            );
1211            self.global_action_listeners
1212                .insert(action_type, global_listeners);
1213        }
1214
1215        if self.app.propagate_event {
1216            for stack_frame in dispatch_stack {
1217                if let KeyDispatchStackFrame::Listener {
1218                    event_type,
1219                    listener,
1220                } = stack_frame
1221                {
1222                    if action_type == *event_type {
1223                        listener(action.as_any(), &[], DispatchPhase::Capture, self);
1224                        if !self.app.propagate_event {
1225                            break;
1226                        }
1227                    }
1228                }
1229            }
1230        }
1231
1232        if self.app.propagate_event {
1233            for stack_frame in dispatch_stack.iter().rev() {
1234                if let KeyDispatchStackFrame::Listener {
1235                    event_type,
1236                    listener,
1237                } = stack_frame
1238                {
1239                    if action_type == *event_type {
1240                        listener(action.as_any(), &[], DispatchPhase::Bubble, self);
1241                        if !self.app.propagate_event {
1242                            break;
1243                        }
1244                    }
1245                }
1246            }
1247        }
1248
1249        if self.app.propagate_event {
1250            if let Some(mut global_listeners) =
1251                self.app.global_action_listeners.remove(&action_type)
1252            {
1253                for listener in global_listeners.iter().rev() {
1254                    listener(action.as_ref(), DispatchPhase::Bubble, self);
1255                    if !self.app.propagate_event {
1256                        break;
1257                    }
1258                }
1259                global_listeners.extend(
1260                    self.global_action_listeners
1261                        .remove(&action_type)
1262                        .unwrap_or_default(),
1263                );
1264                self.global_action_listeners
1265                    .insert(action_type, global_listeners);
1266            }
1267        }
1268    }
1269}
1270
1271impl Context for WindowContext<'_> {
1272    type Result<T> = T;
1273
1274    fn build_model<T>(
1275        &mut self,
1276        build_model: impl FnOnce(&mut ModelContext<'_, T>) -> T,
1277    ) -> Model<T>
1278    where
1279        T: 'static,
1280    {
1281        let slot = self.app.entities.reserve();
1282        let model = build_model(&mut ModelContext::new(&mut *self.app, slot.downgrade()));
1283        self.entities.insert(slot, model)
1284    }
1285
1286    fn update_model<T: 'static, R>(
1287        &mut self,
1288        model: &Model<T>,
1289        update: impl FnOnce(&mut T, &mut ModelContext<'_, T>) -> R,
1290    ) -> R {
1291        let mut entity = self.entities.lease(model);
1292        let result = update(
1293            &mut *entity,
1294            &mut ModelContext::new(&mut *self.app, model.downgrade()),
1295        );
1296        self.entities.end_lease(entity);
1297        result
1298    }
1299
1300    fn update_window<T, F>(&mut self, window: AnyWindowHandle, update: F) -> Result<T>
1301    where
1302        F: FnOnce(AnyView, &mut WindowContext<'_>) -> T,
1303    {
1304        if window == self.window.handle {
1305            let root_view = self.window.root_view.clone().unwrap();
1306            Ok(update(root_view, self))
1307        } else {
1308            window.update(self.app, update)
1309        }
1310    }
1311}
1312
1313impl VisualContext for WindowContext<'_> {
1314    fn build_view<V>(
1315        &mut self,
1316        build_view_state: impl FnOnce(&mut ViewContext<'_, V>) -> V,
1317    ) -> Self::Result<View<V>>
1318    where
1319        V: 'static,
1320    {
1321        let slot = self.app.entities.reserve();
1322        let view = View {
1323            model: slot.clone(),
1324        };
1325        let mut cx = ViewContext::new(&mut *self.app, &mut *self.window, &view);
1326        let entity = build_view_state(&mut cx);
1327        self.entities.insert(slot, entity);
1328        view
1329    }
1330
1331    /// Update the given view. Prefer calling `View::update` instead, which calls this method.
1332    fn update_view<T: 'static, R>(
1333        &mut self,
1334        view: &View<T>,
1335        update: impl FnOnce(&mut T, &mut ViewContext<'_, T>) -> R,
1336    ) -> Self::Result<R> {
1337        let mut lease = self.app.entities.lease(&view.model);
1338        let mut cx = ViewContext::new(&mut *self.app, &mut *self.window, &view);
1339        let result = update(&mut *lease, &mut cx);
1340        cx.app.entities.end_lease(lease);
1341        result
1342    }
1343
1344    fn replace_root_view<V>(
1345        &mut self,
1346        build_view: impl FnOnce(&mut ViewContext<'_, V>) -> V,
1347    ) -> Self::Result<View<V>>
1348    where
1349        V: Render,
1350    {
1351        let slot = self.app.entities.reserve();
1352        let view = View {
1353            model: slot.clone(),
1354        };
1355        let mut cx = ViewContext::new(&mut *self.app, &mut *self.window, &view);
1356        let entity = build_view(&mut cx);
1357        self.entities.insert(slot, entity);
1358        self.window.root_view = Some(view.clone().into());
1359        view
1360    }
1361}
1362
1363impl<'a> std::ops::Deref for WindowContext<'a> {
1364    type Target = AppContext;
1365
1366    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
1367        &self.app
1368    }
1369}
1370
1371impl<'a> std::ops::DerefMut for WindowContext<'a> {
1372    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
1373        &mut self.app
1374    }
1375}
1376
1377impl<'a> Borrow<AppContext> for WindowContext<'a> {
1378    fn borrow(&self) -> &AppContext {
1379        &self.app
1380    }
1381}
1382
1383impl<'a> BorrowMut<AppContext> for WindowContext<'a> {
1384    fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut AppContext {
1385        &mut self.app
1386    }
1387}
1388
1389pub trait BorrowWindow: BorrowMut<Window> + BorrowMut<AppContext> {
1390    fn app_mut(&mut self) -> &mut AppContext {
1391        self.borrow_mut()
1392    }
1393
1394    fn window(&self) -> &Window {
1395        self.borrow()
1396    }
1397
1398    fn window_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Window {
1399        self.borrow_mut()
1400    }
1401
1402    /// Pushes the given element id onto the global stack and invokes the given closure
1403    /// with a `GlobalElementId`, which disambiguates the given id in the context of its ancestor
1404    /// ids. Because elements are discarded and recreated on each frame, the `GlobalElementId` is
1405    /// used to associate state with identified elements across separate frames.
1406    fn with_element_id<R>(
1407        &mut self,
1408        id: impl Into<ElementId>,
1409        f: impl FnOnce(GlobalElementId, &mut Self) -> R,
1410    ) -> R {
1411        let keymap = self.app_mut().keymap.clone();
1412        let window = self.window_mut();
1413        window.element_id_stack.push(id.into());
1414        let global_id = window.element_id_stack.clone();
1415
1416        if window.key_matchers.get(&global_id).is_none() {
1417            window.key_matchers.insert(
1418                global_id.clone(),
1419                window
1420                    .prev_frame_key_matchers
1421                    .remove(&global_id)
1422                    .unwrap_or_else(|| KeyMatcher::new(keymap)),
1423            );
1424        }
1425
1426        let result = f(global_id, self);
1427        let window: &mut Window = self.borrow_mut();
1428        window.element_id_stack.pop();
1429        result
1430    }
1431
1432    /// Invoke the given function with the given content mask after intersecting it
1433    /// with the current mask.
1434    fn with_content_mask<R>(
1435        &mut self,
1436        mask: ContentMask<Pixels>,
1437        f: impl FnOnce(&mut Self) -> R,
1438    ) -> R {
1439        let mask = mask.intersect(&self.content_mask());
1440        self.window_mut().content_mask_stack.push(mask);
1441        let result = f(self);
1442        self.window_mut().content_mask_stack.pop();
1443        result
1444    }
1445
1446    /// Update the global element offset based on the given offset. This is used to implement
1447    /// scrolling and position drag handles.
1448    fn with_element_offset<R>(
1449        &mut self,
1450        offset: Option<Point<Pixels>>,
1451        f: impl FnOnce(&mut Self) -> R,
1452    ) -> R {
1453        let Some(offset) = offset else {
1454            return f(self);
1455        };
1456
1457        let offset = self.element_offset() + offset;
1458        self.window_mut().element_offset_stack.push(offset);
1459        let result = f(self);
1460        self.window_mut().element_offset_stack.pop();
1461        result
1462    }
1463
1464    /// Obtain the current element offset.
1465    fn element_offset(&self) -> Point<Pixels> {
1466        self.window()
1467            .element_offset_stack
1468            .last()
1469            .copied()
1470            .unwrap_or_default()
1471    }
1472
1473    /// Update or intialize state for an element with the given id that lives across multiple
1474    /// frames. If an element with this id existed in the previous frame, its state will be passed
1475    /// to the given closure. The state returned by the closure will be stored so it can be referenced
1476    /// when drawing the next frame.
1477    fn with_element_state<S, R>(
1478        &mut self,
1479        id: ElementId,
1480        f: impl FnOnce(Option<S>, &mut Self) -> (R, S),
1481    ) -> R
1482    where
1483        S: 'static,
1484    {
1485        self.with_element_id(id, |global_id, cx| {
1486            if let Some(any) = cx
1487                .window_mut()
1488                .element_states
1489                .remove(&global_id)
1490                .or_else(|| cx.window_mut().prev_frame_element_states.remove(&global_id))
1491            {
1492                // Using the extra inner option to avoid needing to reallocate a new box.
1493                let mut state_box = any
1494                    .downcast::<Option<S>>()
1495                    .expect("invalid element state type for id");
1496                let state = state_box
1497                    .take()
1498                    .expect("element state is already on the stack");
1499                let (result, state) = f(Some(state), cx);
1500                state_box.replace(state);
1501                cx.window_mut().element_states.insert(global_id, state_box);
1502                result
1503            } else {
1504                let (result, state) = f(None, cx);
1505                cx.window_mut()
1506                    .element_states
1507                    .insert(global_id, Box::new(Some(state)));
1508                result
1509            }
1510        })
1511    }
1512
1513    /// Like `with_element_state`, but for situations where the element_id is optional. If the
1514    /// id is `None`, no state will be retrieved or stored.
1515    fn with_optional_element_state<S, R>(
1516        &mut self,
1517        element_id: Option<ElementId>,
1518        f: impl FnOnce(Option<S>, &mut Self) -> (R, S),
1519    ) -> R
1520    where
1521        S: 'static,
1522    {
1523        if let Some(element_id) = element_id {
1524            self.with_element_state(element_id, f)
1525        } else {
1526            f(None, self).0
1527        }
1528    }
1529
1530    /// Obtain the current content mask.
1531    fn content_mask(&self) -> ContentMask<Pixels> {
1532        self.window()
1533            .content_mask_stack
1534            .last()
1535            .cloned()
1536            .unwrap_or_else(|| ContentMask {
1537                bounds: Bounds {
1538                    origin: Point::default(),
1539                    size: self.window().content_size,
1540                },
1541            })
1542    }
1543
1544    /// The size of an em for the base font of the application. Adjusting this value allows the
1545    /// UI to scale, just like zooming a web page.
1546    fn rem_size(&self) -> Pixels {
1547        self.window().rem_size
1548    }
1549}
1550
1551impl Borrow<Window> for WindowContext<'_> {
1552    fn borrow(&self) -> &Window {
1553        &self.window
1554    }
1555}
1556
1557impl BorrowMut<Window> for WindowContext<'_> {
1558    fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Window {
1559        &mut self.window
1560    }
1561}
1562
1563impl<T> BorrowWindow for T where T: BorrowMut<AppContext> + BorrowMut<Window> {}
1564
1565pub struct ViewContext<'a, V> {
1566    window_cx: WindowContext<'a>,
1567    view: &'a View<V>,
1568}
1569
1570impl<V> Borrow<AppContext> for ViewContext<'_, V> {
1571    fn borrow(&self) -> &AppContext {
1572        &*self.window_cx.app
1573    }
1574}
1575
1576impl<V> BorrowMut<AppContext> for ViewContext<'_, V> {
1577    fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut AppContext {
1578        &mut *self.window_cx.app
1579    }
1580}
1581
1582impl<V> Borrow<Window> for ViewContext<'_, V> {
1583    fn borrow(&self) -> &Window {
1584        &*self.window_cx.window
1585    }
1586}
1587
1588impl<V> BorrowMut<Window> for ViewContext<'_, V> {
1589    fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Window {
1590        &mut *self.window_cx.window
1591    }
1592}
1593
1594impl<'a, V: 'static> ViewContext<'a, V> {
1595    pub(crate) fn new(app: &'a mut AppContext, window: &'a mut Window, view: &'a View<V>) -> Self {
1596        Self {
1597            window_cx: WindowContext::new(app, window),
1598            view,
1599        }
1600    }
1601
1602    pub fn view(&self) -> View<V> {
1603        self.view.clone()
1604    }
1605
1606    pub fn model(&self) -> Model<V> {
1607        self.view.model.clone()
1608    }
1609
1610    pub fn stack<R>(&mut self, order: u32, f: impl FnOnce(&mut Self) -> R) -> R {
1611        self.window.z_index_stack.push(order);
1612        let result = f(self);
1613        self.window.z_index_stack.pop();
1614        result
1615    }
1616
1617    pub fn on_next_frame(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static)
1618    where
1619        V: 'static,
1620    {
1621        let view = self.view();
1622        self.window_cx.on_next_frame(move |cx| view.update(cx, f));
1623    }
1624
1625    /// Schedules the given function to be run at the end of the current effect cycle, allowing entities
1626    /// that are currently on the stack to be returned to the app.
1627    pub fn defer(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static) {
1628        let view = self.view().downgrade();
1629        self.window_cx.defer(move |cx| {
1630            view.update(cx, f).ok();
1631        });
1632    }
1633
1634    pub fn observe<V2, E>(
1635        &mut self,
1636        entity: &E,
1637        mut on_notify: impl FnMut(&mut V, E, &mut ViewContext<'_, V>) + 'static,
1638    ) -> Subscription
1639    where
1640        V2: 'static,
1641        V: 'static,
1642        E: Entity<V2>,
1643    {
1644        let view = self.view().downgrade();
1645        let entity_id = entity.entity_id();
1646        let entity = entity.downgrade();
1647        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
1648        self.app.observers.insert(
1649            entity_id,
1650            Box::new(move |cx| {
1651                window_handle
1652                    .update(cx, |_, cx| {
1653                        if let Some(handle) = E::upgrade_from(&entity) {
1654                            view.update(cx, |this, cx| on_notify(this, handle, cx))
1655                                .is_ok()
1656                        } else {
1657                            false
1658                        }
1659                    })
1660                    .unwrap_or(false)
1661            }),
1662        )
1663    }
1664
1665    pub fn subscribe<V2, E>(
1666        &mut self,
1667        entity: &E,
1668        mut on_event: impl FnMut(&mut V, E, &V2::Event, &mut ViewContext<'_, V>) + 'static,
1669    ) -> Subscription
1670    where
1671        V2: EventEmitter,
1672        E: Entity<V2>,
1673    {
1674        let view = self.view().downgrade();
1675        let entity_id = entity.entity_id();
1676        let handle = entity.downgrade();
1677        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
1678        self.app.event_listeners.insert(
1679            entity_id,
1680            Box::new(move |event, cx| {
1681                window_handle
1682                    .update(cx, |_, cx| {
1683                        if let Some(handle) = E::upgrade_from(&handle) {
1684                            let event = event.downcast_ref().expect("invalid event type");
1685                            view.update(cx, |this, cx| on_event(this, handle, event, cx))
1686                                .is_ok()
1687                        } else {
1688                            false
1689                        }
1690                    })
1691                    .unwrap_or(false)
1692            }),
1693        )
1694    }
1695
1696    pub fn on_release(
1697        &mut self,
1698        on_release: impl FnOnce(&mut V, &mut WindowContext) + 'static,
1699    ) -> Subscription {
1700        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
1701        self.app.release_listeners.insert(
1702            self.view.model.entity_id,
1703            Box::new(move |this, cx| {
1704                let this = this.downcast_mut().expect("invalid entity type");
1705                let _ = window_handle.update(cx, |_, cx| on_release(this, cx));
1706            }),
1707        )
1708    }
1709
1710    pub fn observe_release<V2, E>(
1711        &mut self,
1712        entity: &E,
1713        mut on_release: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut V2, &mut ViewContext<'_, V>) + 'static,
1714    ) -> Subscription
1715    where
1716        V: 'static,
1717        V2: 'static,
1718        E: Entity<V2>,
1719    {
1720        let view = self.view().downgrade();
1721        let entity_id = entity.entity_id();
1722        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
1723        self.app.release_listeners.insert(
1724            entity_id,
1725            Box::new(move |entity, cx| {
1726                let entity = entity.downcast_mut().expect("invalid entity type");
1727                let _ = window_handle.update(cx, |_, cx| {
1728                    view.update(cx, |this, cx| on_release(this, entity, cx))
1729                });
1730            }),
1731        )
1732    }
1733
1734    pub fn notify(&mut self) {
1735        self.window_cx.notify();
1736        self.window_cx.app.push_effect(Effect::Notify {
1737            emitter: self.view.model.entity_id,
1738        });
1739    }
1740
1741    pub fn on_focus_changed(
1742        &mut self,
1743        listener: impl Fn(&mut V, &FocusEvent, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
1744    ) {
1745        let handle = self.view().downgrade();
1746        self.window.focus_listeners.push(Box::new(move |event, cx| {
1747            handle
1748                .update(cx, |view, cx| listener(view, event, cx))
1749                .log_err();
1750        }));
1751    }
1752
1753    pub fn with_key_listeners<R>(
1754        &mut self,
1755        key_listeners: impl IntoIterator<Item = (TypeId, KeyListener<V>)>,
1756        f: impl FnOnce(&mut Self) -> R,
1757    ) -> R {
1758        let old_stack_len = self.window.key_dispatch_stack.len();
1759        if !self.window.freeze_key_dispatch_stack {
1760            for (event_type, listener) in key_listeners {
1761                let handle = self.view().downgrade();
1762                let listener = Box::new(
1763                    move |event: &dyn Any,
1764                          context_stack: &[&DispatchContext],
1765                          phase: DispatchPhase,
1766                          cx: &mut WindowContext<'_>| {
1767                        handle
1768                            .update(cx, |view, cx| {
1769                                listener(view, event, context_stack, phase, cx)
1770                            })
1771                            .log_err()
1772                            .flatten()
1773                    },
1774                );
1775                self.window
1776                    .key_dispatch_stack
1777                    .push(KeyDispatchStackFrame::Listener {
1778                        event_type,
1779                        listener,
1780                    });
1781            }
1782        }
1783
1784        let result = f(self);
1785
1786        if !self.window.freeze_key_dispatch_stack {
1787            self.window.key_dispatch_stack.truncate(old_stack_len);
1788        }
1789
1790        result
1791    }
1792
1793    pub fn with_key_dispatch_context<R>(
1794        &mut self,
1795        context: DispatchContext,
1796        f: impl FnOnce(&mut Self) -> R,
1797    ) -> R {
1798        if context.is_empty() {
1799            return f(self);
1800        }
1801
1802        if !self.window.freeze_key_dispatch_stack {
1803            self.window
1804                .key_dispatch_stack
1805                .push(KeyDispatchStackFrame::Context(context));
1806        }
1807
1808        let result = f(self);
1809
1810        if !self.window.freeze_key_dispatch_stack {
1811            self.window.key_dispatch_stack.pop();
1812        }
1813
1814        result
1815    }
1816
1817    pub fn with_focus<R>(
1818        &mut self,
1819        focus_handle: FocusHandle,
1820        f: impl FnOnce(&mut Self) -> R,
1821    ) -> R {
1822        if let Some(parent_focus_id) = self.window.focus_stack.last().copied() {
1823            self.window
1824                .focus_parents_by_child
1825                .insert(focus_handle.id, parent_focus_id);
1826        }
1827        self.window.focus_stack.push(focus_handle.id);
1828
1829        if Some(focus_handle.id) == self.window.focus {
1830            self.window.freeze_key_dispatch_stack = true;
1831        }
1832
1833        let result = f(self);
1834
1835        self.window.focus_stack.pop();
1836        result
1837    }
1838
1839    pub fn spawn<Fut, R>(
1840        &mut self,
1841        f: impl FnOnce(WeakView<V>, AsyncWindowContext) -> Fut,
1842    ) -> Task<R>
1843    where
1844        R: 'static,
1845        Fut: Future<Output = R> + 'static,
1846    {
1847        let view = self.view().downgrade();
1848        self.window_cx.spawn(|cx| f(view, cx))
1849    }
1850
1851    pub fn update_global<G, R>(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut G, &mut Self) -> R) -> R
1852    where
1853        G: 'static,
1854    {
1855        let mut global = self.app.lease_global::<G>();
1856        let result = f(&mut global, self);
1857        self.app.end_global_lease(global);
1858        result
1859    }
1860
1861    pub fn observe_global<G: 'static>(
1862        &mut self,
1863        f: impl Fn(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<'_, V>) + 'static,
1864    ) -> Subscription {
1865        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
1866        let view = self.view().downgrade();
1867        self.global_observers.insert(
1868            TypeId::of::<G>(),
1869            Box::new(move |cx| {
1870                window_handle
1871                    .update(cx, |_, cx| view.update(cx, |view, cx| f(view, cx)).is_ok())
1872                    .unwrap_or(false)
1873            }),
1874        )
1875    }
1876
1877    pub fn on_mouse_event<Event: 'static>(
1878        &mut self,
1879        handler: impl Fn(&mut V, &Event, DispatchPhase, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
1880    ) {
1881        let handle = self.view();
1882        self.window_cx.on_mouse_event(move |event, phase, cx| {
1883            handle.update(cx, |view, cx| {
1884                handler(view, event, phase, cx);
1885            })
1886        });
1887    }
1888}
1889
1890impl<V> ViewContext<'_, V>
1891where
1892    V: EventEmitter,
1893    V::Event: 'static,
1894{
1895    pub fn emit(&mut self, event: V::Event) {
1896        let emitter = self.view.model.entity_id;
1897        self.app.push_effect(Effect::Emit {
1898            emitter,
1899            event: Box::new(event),
1900        });
1901    }
1902}
1903
1904impl<V> Context for ViewContext<'_, V> {
1905    type Result<U> = U;
1906
1907    fn build_model<T: 'static>(
1908        &mut self,
1909        build_model: impl FnOnce(&mut ModelContext<'_, T>) -> T,
1910    ) -> Model<T> {
1911        self.window_cx.build_model(build_model)
1912    }
1913
1914    fn update_model<T: 'static, R>(
1915        &mut self,
1916        model: &Model<T>,
1917        update: impl FnOnce(&mut T, &mut ModelContext<'_, T>) -> R,
1918    ) -> R {
1919        self.window_cx.update_model(model, update)
1920    }
1921
1922    fn update_window<T, F>(&mut self, window: AnyWindowHandle, update: F) -> Result<T>
1923    where
1924        F: FnOnce(AnyView, &mut WindowContext<'_>) -> T,
1925    {
1926        self.window_cx.update_window(window, update)
1927    }
1928}
1929
1930impl<V: 'static> VisualContext for ViewContext<'_, V> {
1931    fn build_view<W: 'static>(
1932        &mut self,
1933        build_view: impl FnOnce(&mut ViewContext<'_, W>) -> W,
1934    ) -> Self::Result<View<W>> {
1935        self.window_cx.build_view(build_view)
1936    }
1937
1938    fn update_view<V2: 'static, R>(
1939        &mut self,
1940        view: &View<V2>,
1941        update: impl FnOnce(&mut V2, &mut ViewContext<'_, V2>) -> R,
1942    ) -> Self::Result<R> {
1943        self.window_cx.update_view(view, update)
1944    }
1945
1946    fn replace_root_view<W>(
1947        &mut self,
1948        build_view: impl FnOnce(&mut ViewContext<'_, W>) -> W,
1949    ) -> Self::Result<View<W>>
1950    where
1951        W: Render,
1952    {
1953        self.window_cx.replace_root_view(build_view)
1954    }
1955}
1956
1957impl<'a, V> std::ops::Deref for ViewContext<'a, V> {
1958    type Target = WindowContext<'a>;
1959
1960    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
1961        &self.window_cx
1962    }
1963}
1964
1965impl<'a, V> std::ops::DerefMut for ViewContext<'a, V> {
1966    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
1967        &mut self.window_cx
1968    }
1969}
1970
1971// #[derive(Clone, Copy, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
1972slotmap::new_key_type! { pub struct WindowId; }
1973
1974impl WindowId {
1975    pub fn as_u64(&self) -> u64 {
1976        self.0.as_ffi()
1977    }
1978}
1979
1980#[derive(Deref, DerefMut)]
1981pub struct WindowHandle<V> {
1982    #[deref]
1983    #[deref_mut]
1984    pub(crate) any_handle: AnyWindowHandle,
1985    state_type: PhantomData<V>,
1986}
1987
1988impl<V: 'static + Render> WindowHandle<V> {
1989    pub fn new(id: WindowId) -> Self {
1990        WindowHandle {
1991            any_handle: AnyWindowHandle {
1992                id,
1993                state_type: TypeId::of::<V>(),
1994            },
1995            state_type: PhantomData,
1996        }
1997    }
1998
1999    pub fn update<C, R>(
2000        self,
2001        cx: &mut C,
2002        update: impl FnOnce(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<'_, V>) -> R,
2003    ) -> Result<R>
2004    where
2005        C: Context,
2006    {
2007        cx.update_window(self.any_handle, |root_view, cx| {
2008            let view = root_view
2009                .downcast::<V>()
2010                .map_err(|_| anyhow!("the type of the window's root view has changed"))?;
2011            Ok(cx.update_view(&view, update))
2012        })?
2013    }
2014}
2015
2016impl<V> Copy for WindowHandle<V> {}
2017
2018impl<V> Clone for WindowHandle<V> {
2019    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
2020        WindowHandle {
2021            any_handle: self.any_handle,
2022            state_type: PhantomData,
2023        }
2024    }
2025}
2026
2027impl<V> PartialEq for WindowHandle<V> {
2028    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
2029        self.any_handle == other.any_handle
2030    }
2031}
2032
2033impl<V> Eq for WindowHandle<V> {}
2034
2035impl<V> Hash for WindowHandle<V> {
2036    fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
2037        self.any_handle.hash(state);
2038    }
2039}
2040
2041impl<V: 'static> Into<AnyWindowHandle> for WindowHandle<V> {
2042    fn into(self) -> AnyWindowHandle {
2043        self.any_handle
2044    }
2045}
2046
2047#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
2048pub struct AnyWindowHandle {
2049    pub(crate) id: WindowId,
2050    state_type: TypeId,
2051}
2052
2053impl AnyWindowHandle {
2054    pub fn window_id(&self) -> WindowId {
2055        self.id
2056    }
2057
2058    pub fn downcast<T: 'static>(&self) -> Option<WindowHandle<T>> {
2059        if TypeId::of::<T>() == self.state_type {
2060            Some(WindowHandle {
2061                any_handle: *self,
2062                state_type: PhantomData,
2063            })
2064        } else {
2065            None
2066        }
2067    }
2068
2069    pub fn update<C, R>(
2070        self,
2071        cx: &mut C,
2072        update: impl FnOnce(AnyView, &mut WindowContext<'_>) -> R,
2073    ) -> Result<R>
2074    where
2075        C: Context,
2076    {
2077        cx.update_window(self, update)
2078    }
2079}
2080
2081#[cfg(any(test, feature = "test-support"))]
2082impl From<SmallVec<[u32; 16]>> for StackingOrder {
2083    fn from(small_vec: SmallVec<[u32; 16]>) -> Self {
2084        StackingOrder(small_vec)
2085    }
2086}
2087
2088#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
2089pub enum ElementId {
2090    View(EntityId),
2091    Number(usize),
2092    Name(SharedString),
2093    FocusHandle(FocusId),
2094}
2095
2096impl From<EntityId> for ElementId {
2097    fn from(id: EntityId) -> Self {
2098        ElementId::View(id)
2099    }
2100}
2101
2102impl From<usize> for ElementId {
2103    fn from(id: usize) -> Self {
2104        ElementId::Number(id)
2105    }
2106}
2107
2108impl From<i32> for ElementId {
2109    fn from(id: i32) -> Self {
2110        Self::Number(id as usize)
2111    }
2112}
2113
2114impl From<SharedString> for ElementId {
2115    fn from(name: SharedString) -> Self {
2116        ElementId::Name(name)
2117    }
2118}
2119
2120impl From<&'static str> for ElementId {
2121    fn from(name: &'static str) -> Self {
2122        ElementId::Name(name.into())
2123    }
2124}
2125
2126impl<'a> From<&'a FocusHandle> for ElementId {
2127    fn from(handle: &'a FocusHandle) -> Self {
2128        ElementId::FocusHandle(handle.id)
2129    }
2130}