use anyhow::{Context as _, ensure};
use anyhow::{Result, anyhow};
use async_trait::async_trait;
use collections::HashMap;
use futures::future::BoxFuture;
use futures::lock::OwnedMutexGuard;
use futures::{AsyncBufReadExt, StreamExt as _};
use gpui::{App, AsyncApp, Entity, SharedString, Task};
use http_client::github::{AssetKind, GitHubLspBinaryVersion, latest_github_release};
use language::language_settings::LanguageSettings;
use language::{
    Buffer, ContextLocation, DynLspInstaller, LanguageToolchainStore, LspInstaller, Symbol,
};
use language::{ContextProvider, LspAdapter, LspAdapterDelegate};
use language::{LanguageName, ManifestName, ManifestProvider, ManifestQuery};
use language::{Toolchain, ToolchainList, ToolchainLister, ToolchainMetadata};
use lsp::{LanguageServerBinary, Uri};
use lsp::{LanguageServerBinaryOptions, LanguageServerName};
use node_runtime::{NodeRuntime, VersionStrategy};
use pet_core::Configuration;
use pet_core::os_environment::Environment;
use pet_core::python_environment::{PythonEnvironment, PythonEnvironmentKind};
use pet_virtualenv::is_virtualenv_dir;
use project::Fs;
use project::lsp_store::language_server_settings;
use semver::Version;
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
use serde_json::{Value, json};
use settings::{SemanticTokenRules, Settings};
use terminal::terminal_settings::TerminalSettings;

use smol::lock::OnceCell;
use std::cmp::{Ordering, Reverse};
use std::env::consts;
use util::command::Stdio;

use util::command::new_command;
use util::fs::{make_file_executable, remove_matching};
use util::paths::PathStyle;
use util::rel_path::RelPath;

use crate::LanguageDir;
use http_client::github_download::{GithubBinaryMetadata, download_server_binary};
use parking_lot::Mutex;
use std::str::FromStr;
use std::{
    borrow::Cow,
    fmt::Write,
    path::{Path, PathBuf},
    sync::Arc,
};
use task::{ShellKind, TaskTemplate, TaskTemplates, VariableName};
use util::{ResultExt, maybe};

pub(crate) fn semantic_token_rules() -> SemanticTokenRules {
    let content = LanguageDir::get("python/semantic_token_rules.json")
        .expect("missing python/semantic_token_rules.json");
    let json = std::str::from_utf8(&content.data).expect("invalid utf-8 in semantic_token_rules");
    settings::parse_json_with_comments::<SemanticTokenRules>(json)
        .expect("failed to parse python semantic_token_rules.json")
}

#[derive(Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub(crate) struct PythonToolchainData {
    #[serde(flatten)]
    environment: PythonEnvironment,
    #[serde(skip_serializing_if = "Option::is_none")]
    activation_scripts: Option<HashMap<ShellKind, PathBuf>>,
}

pub(crate) struct PyprojectTomlManifestProvider;

impl ManifestProvider for PyprojectTomlManifestProvider {
    fn name(&self) -> ManifestName {
        SharedString::new_static("pyproject.toml").into()
    }

    fn search(
        &self,
        ManifestQuery {
            path,
            depth,
            delegate,
        }: ManifestQuery,
    ) -> Option<Arc<RelPath>> {
        for path in path.ancestors().take(depth) {
            let p = path.join(RelPath::unix("pyproject.toml").unwrap());
            if delegate.exists(&p, Some(false)) {
                return Some(path.into());
            }
        }

        None
    }
}

enum TestRunner {
    UNITTEST,
    PYTEST,
}

impl FromStr for TestRunner {
    type Err = ();

    fn from_str(s: &str) -> std::result::Result<Self, Self::Err> {
        match s {
            "unittest" => Ok(Self::UNITTEST),
            "pytest" => Ok(Self::PYTEST),
            _ => Err(()),
        }
    }
}

/// Pyright assigns each completion item a `sortText` of the form `XX.YYYY.name`.
/// Where `XX` is the sorting category, `YYYY` is based on most recent usage,
/// and `name` is the symbol name itself.
///
/// The problem with it is that Pyright adjusts the sort text based on previous resolutions (items for which we've issued `completion/resolve` call have their sortText adjusted),
/// which - long story short - makes completion items list non-stable. Pyright probably relies on VSCode's implementation detail.
/// see https://github.com/microsoft/pyright/blob/95ef4e103b9b2f129c9320427e51b73ea7cf78bd/packages/pyright-internal/src/languageService/completionProvider.ts#LL2873
///
/// upd 02.12.25:
/// Decided to ignore Pyright's sortText() completely and to manually sort all entries
fn process_pyright_completions(items: &mut [lsp::CompletionItem]) {
    for item in items {
        let is_named_argument = item.label.ends_with('=');

        let is_dunder = item.label.starts_with("__") && item.label.ends_with("__");

        let visibility_priority = if is_dunder {
            '3'
        } else if item.label.starts_with("__") {
            '2' // private non-dunder
        } else if item.label.starts_with('_') {
            '1' // protected
        } else {
            '0' // public
        };

        let is_external = item
            .detail
            .as_ref()
            .is_some_and(|detail| detail == "Auto-import");

        let source_priority = if is_external { '1' } else { '0' };

        // Kind priority within same visibility level
        let kind_priority = match item.kind {
            Some(lsp::CompletionItemKind::KEYWORD) => '0',
            Some(lsp::CompletionItemKind::ENUM_MEMBER) => '1',
            Some(lsp::CompletionItemKind::FIELD) => '2',
            Some(lsp::CompletionItemKind::PROPERTY) => '3',
            Some(lsp::CompletionItemKind::VARIABLE) => '4',
            Some(lsp::CompletionItemKind::CONSTANT) => '5',
            Some(lsp::CompletionItemKind::METHOD) => '6',
            Some(lsp::CompletionItemKind::FUNCTION) => '6',
            Some(lsp::CompletionItemKind::CLASS) => '7',
            Some(lsp::CompletionItemKind::MODULE) => '8',

            _ => 'z',
        };

        // Named arguments get higher priority
        let argument_priority = if is_named_argument { '0' } else { '1' };

        item.sort_text = Some(format!(
            "{}{}{}{}{}",
            argument_priority, source_priority, visibility_priority, kind_priority, item.label
        ));
    }
}

fn label_for_pyright_completion(
    item: &lsp::CompletionItem,
    language: &Arc<language::Language>,
) -> Option<language::CodeLabel> {
    let label = &item.label;
    let label_len = label.len();
    let grammar = language.grammar()?;
    let highlight_id = match item.kind? {
        lsp::CompletionItemKind::METHOD => grammar.highlight_id_for_name("function.method"),
        lsp::CompletionItemKind::FUNCTION => grammar.highlight_id_for_name("function"),
        lsp::CompletionItemKind::CLASS => grammar.highlight_id_for_name("type"),
        lsp::CompletionItemKind::CONSTANT => grammar.highlight_id_for_name("constant"),
        lsp::CompletionItemKind::VARIABLE => grammar.highlight_id_for_name("variable"),
        _ => {
            return None;
        }
    };
    let mut text = label.clone();
    if let Some(completion_details) = item
        .label_details
        .as_ref()
        .and_then(|details| details.description.as_ref())
    {
        write!(&mut text, " {}", completion_details).ok();
    }
    Some(language::CodeLabel::filtered(
        text,
        label_len,
        item.filter_text.as_deref(),
        highlight_id
            .map(|id| (0..label_len, id))
            .into_iter()
            .collect(),
    ))
}

fn label_for_python_symbol(
    symbol: &Symbol,
    language: &Arc<language::Language>,
) -> Option<language::CodeLabel> {
    let name = &symbol.name;
    let (text, filter_range, display_range) = match symbol.kind {
        lsp::SymbolKind::METHOD | lsp::SymbolKind::FUNCTION => {
            let text = format!("def {}():\n", name);
            let filter_range = 4..4 + name.len();
            let display_range = 0..filter_range.end;
            (text, filter_range, display_range)
        }
        lsp::SymbolKind::CLASS => {
            let text = format!("class {}:", name);
            let filter_range = 6..6 + name.len();
            let display_range = 0..filter_range.end;
            (text, filter_range, display_range)
        }
        lsp::SymbolKind::CONSTANT => {
            let text = format!("{} = 0", name);
            let filter_range = 0..name.len();
            let display_range = 0..filter_range.end;
            (text, filter_range, display_range)
        }
        _ => return None,
    };
    Some(language::CodeLabel::new(
        text[display_range.clone()].to_string(),
        filter_range,
        language.highlight_text(&text.as_str().into(), display_range),
    ))
}

pub struct TyLspAdapter {
    fs: Arc<dyn Fs>,
}

#[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
impl TyLspAdapter {
    const GITHUB_ASSET_KIND: AssetKind = AssetKind::TarGz;
    const ARCH_SERVER_NAME: &str = "apple-darwin";
}

#[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
impl TyLspAdapter {
    const GITHUB_ASSET_KIND: AssetKind = AssetKind::TarGz;
    const ARCH_SERVER_NAME: &str = "unknown-linux-gnu";
}

#[cfg(target_os = "freebsd")]
impl TyLspAdapter {
    const GITHUB_ASSET_KIND: AssetKind = AssetKind::TarGz;
    const ARCH_SERVER_NAME: &str = "unknown-freebsd";
}

#[cfg(target_os = "windows")]
impl TyLspAdapter {
    const GITHUB_ASSET_KIND: AssetKind = AssetKind::Zip;
    const ARCH_SERVER_NAME: &str = "pc-windows-msvc";
}

impl TyLspAdapter {
    const SERVER_NAME: LanguageServerName = LanguageServerName::new_static("ty");

    pub fn new(fs: Arc<dyn Fs>) -> TyLspAdapter {
        TyLspAdapter { fs }
    }

    fn build_asset_name() -> Result<(String, String)> {
        let arch = match consts::ARCH {
            "x86" => "i686",
            _ => consts::ARCH,
        };
        let os = Self::ARCH_SERVER_NAME;
        let suffix = match consts::OS {
            "windows" => "zip",
            _ => "tar.gz",
        };
        let asset_name = format!("ty-{arch}-{os}.{suffix}");
        let asset_stem = format!("ty-{arch}-{os}");
        Ok((asset_stem, asset_name))
    }
}

#[async_trait(?Send)]
impl LspAdapter for TyLspAdapter {
    fn name(&self) -> LanguageServerName {
        Self::SERVER_NAME
    }

    async fn label_for_completion(
        &self,
        item: &lsp::CompletionItem,
        language: &Arc<language::Language>,
    ) -> Option<language::CodeLabel> {
        let label = &item.label;
        let label_len = label.len();
        let grammar = language.grammar()?;
        let highlight_id = match item.kind? {
            lsp::CompletionItemKind::METHOD => grammar.highlight_id_for_name("function.method"),
            lsp::CompletionItemKind::FUNCTION => grammar.highlight_id_for_name("function"),
            lsp::CompletionItemKind::CLASS => grammar.highlight_id_for_name("type"),
            lsp::CompletionItemKind::CONSTANT => grammar.highlight_id_for_name("constant"),
            lsp::CompletionItemKind::VARIABLE => grammar.highlight_id_for_name("variable"),
            _ => {
                return None;
            }
        };

        let mut text = label.clone();
        if let Some(completion_details) = item
            .label_details
            .as_ref()
            .and_then(|details| details.detail.as_ref())
        {
            write!(&mut text, " {}", completion_details).ok();
        }

        Some(language::CodeLabel::filtered(
            text,
            label_len,
            item.filter_text.as_deref(),
            highlight_id
                .map(|id| (0..label_len, id))
                .into_iter()
                .collect(),
        ))
    }

    async fn label_for_symbol(
        &self,
        symbol: &language::Symbol,
        language: &Arc<language::Language>,
    ) -> Option<language::CodeLabel> {
        label_for_python_symbol(symbol, language)
    }

    async fn workspace_configuration(
        self: Arc<Self>,
        delegate: &Arc<dyn LspAdapterDelegate>,
        toolchain: Option<Toolchain>,
        _: Option<Uri>,
        cx: &mut AsyncApp,
    ) -> Result<Value> {
        let mut ret = cx
            .update(|cx| {
                language_server_settings(delegate.as_ref(), &self.name(), cx)
                    .and_then(|s| s.settings.clone())
            })
            .unwrap_or_else(|| json!({}));
        if let Some(toolchain) = toolchain.and_then(|toolchain| {
            serde_json::from_value::<PythonToolchainData>(toolchain.as_json).ok()
        }) {
            _ = maybe!({
                let uri =
                    url::Url::from_file_path(toolchain.environment.executable.as_ref()?).ok()?;
                let sys_prefix = toolchain.environment.prefix.clone()?;
                let environment = json!({
                    "executable": {
                        "uri": uri,
                        "sysPrefix": sys_prefix
                    }
                });
                ret.as_object_mut()?
                    .entry("pythonExtension")
                    .or_insert_with(|| json!({ "activeEnvironment": environment }));
                Some(())
            });
        }
        Ok(json!({"ty": ret}))
    }
}

impl LspInstaller for TyLspAdapter {
    type BinaryVersion = GitHubLspBinaryVersion;
    async fn fetch_latest_server_version(
        &self,
        delegate: &dyn LspAdapterDelegate,
        _: bool,
        _: &mut AsyncApp,
    ) -> Result<Self::BinaryVersion> {
        let release =
            latest_github_release("astral-sh/ty", true, false, delegate.http_client()).await?;
        let (_, asset_name) = Self::build_asset_name()?;
        let asset = release
            .assets
            .into_iter()
            .find(|asset| asset.name == asset_name)
            .with_context(|| format!("no asset found matching `{asset_name:?}`"))?;
        Ok(GitHubLspBinaryVersion {
            name: release.tag_name,
            url: asset.browser_download_url,
            digest: asset.digest,
        })
    }

    async fn check_if_user_installed(
        &self,
        delegate: &dyn LspAdapterDelegate,
        toolchain: Option<Toolchain>,
        _: &AsyncApp,
    ) -> Option<LanguageServerBinary> {
        let ty_in_venv = if let Some(toolchain) = toolchain
            && toolchain.language_name.as_ref() == "Python"
        {
            Path::new(toolchain.path.as_str())
                .parent()
                .map(|path| path.join("ty"))
        } else {
            None
        };

        for path in ty_in_venv.into_iter().chain(["ty".into()]) {
            if let Some(ty_bin) = delegate.which(path.as_os_str()).await {
                let env = delegate.shell_env().await;
                return Some(LanguageServerBinary {
                    path: ty_bin,
                    env: Some(env),
                    arguments: vec!["server".into()],
                });
            }
        }

        None
    }

    async fn fetch_server_binary(
        &self,
        latest_version: Self::BinaryVersion,
        container_dir: PathBuf,
        delegate: &dyn LspAdapterDelegate,
    ) -> Result<LanguageServerBinary> {
        let GitHubLspBinaryVersion {
            name,
            url,
            digest: expected_digest,
        } = latest_version;
        let destination_path = container_dir.join(format!("ty-{name}"));

        async_fs::create_dir_all(&destination_path).await?;

        let server_path = match Self::GITHUB_ASSET_KIND {
            AssetKind::TarGz | AssetKind::TarBz2 | AssetKind::Gz => destination_path
                .join(Self::build_asset_name()?.0)
                .join("ty"),
            AssetKind::Zip => destination_path.clone().join("ty.exe"),
        };

        let binary = LanguageServerBinary {
            path: server_path.clone(),
            env: None,
            arguments: vec!["server".into()],
        };

        let metadata_path = destination_path.with_extension("metadata");
        let metadata = GithubBinaryMetadata::read_from_file(&metadata_path)
            .await
            .ok();
        if let Some(metadata) = metadata {
            let validity_check = async || {
                delegate
                    .try_exec(LanguageServerBinary {
                        path: server_path.clone(),
                        arguments: vec!["--version".into()],
                        env: None,
                    })
                    .await
                    .inspect_err(|err| {
                        log::warn!("Unable to run {server_path:?} asset, redownloading: {err:#}",)
                    })
            };
            if let (Some(actual_digest), Some(expected_digest)) =
                (&metadata.digest, &expected_digest)
            {
                if actual_digest == expected_digest {
                    if validity_check().await.is_ok() {
                        return Ok(binary);
                    }
                } else {
                    log::info!(
                        "SHA-256 mismatch for {destination_path:?} asset, downloading new asset. Expected: {expected_digest}, Got: {actual_digest}"
                    );
                }
            } else if validity_check().await.is_ok() {
                return Ok(binary);
            }
        }

        download_server_binary(
            &*delegate.http_client(),
            &url,
            expected_digest.as_deref(),
            &destination_path,
            Self::GITHUB_ASSET_KIND,
        )
        .await?;
        make_file_executable(&server_path).await?;
        remove_matching(&container_dir, |path| path != destination_path).await;
        GithubBinaryMetadata::write_to_file(
            &GithubBinaryMetadata {
                metadata_version: 1,
                digest: expected_digest,
            },
            &metadata_path,
        )
        .await?;

        Ok(LanguageServerBinary {
            path: server_path,
            env: None,
            arguments: vec!["server".into()],
        })
    }

    async fn cached_server_binary(
        &self,
        container_dir: PathBuf,
        _: &dyn LspAdapterDelegate,
    ) -> Option<LanguageServerBinary> {
        maybe!(async {
            let mut last = None;
            let mut entries = self.fs.read_dir(&container_dir).await?;
            while let Some(entry) = entries.next().await {
                let path = entry?;
                if path.extension().is_some_and(|ext| ext == "metadata") {
                    continue;
                }
                last = Some(path);
            }

            let path = last.context("no cached binary")?;
            let path = match TyLspAdapter::GITHUB_ASSET_KIND {
                AssetKind::TarGz | AssetKind::TarBz2 | AssetKind::Gz => {
                    path.join(Self::build_asset_name()?.0).join("ty")
                }
                AssetKind::Zip => path.join("ty.exe"),
            };

            anyhow::Ok(LanguageServerBinary {
                path,
                env: None,
                arguments: vec!["server".into()],
            })
        })
        .await
        .log_err()
    }
}

pub struct PyrightLspAdapter {
    node: NodeRuntime,
}

impl PyrightLspAdapter {
    const SERVER_NAME: LanguageServerName = LanguageServerName::new_static("pyright");
    const SERVER_PATH: &str = "node_modules/pyright/langserver.index.js";
    const NODE_MODULE_RELATIVE_SERVER_PATH: &str = "pyright/langserver.index.js";

    pub fn new(node: NodeRuntime) -> Self {
        PyrightLspAdapter { node }
    }

    async fn get_cached_server_binary(
        container_dir: PathBuf,
        node: &NodeRuntime,
    ) -> Option<LanguageServerBinary> {
        let server_path = container_dir.join(Self::SERVER_PATH);
        if server_path.exists() {
            Some(LanguageServerBinary {
                path: node.binary_path().await.log_err()?,
                env: None,
                arguments: vec![server_path.into(), "--stdio".into()],
            })
        } else {
            log::error!("missing executable in directory {:?}", server_path);
            None
        }
    }
}

#[async_trait(?Send)]
impl LspAdapter for PyrightLspAdapter {
    fn name(&self) -> LanguageServerName {
        Self::SERVER_NAME
    }

    async fn initialization_options(
        self: Arc<Self>,
        _: &Arc<dyn LspAdapterDelegate>,
        _: &mut AsyncApp,
    ) -> Result<Option<Value>> {
        // Provide minimal initialization options
        // Virtual environment configuration will be handled through workspace configuration
        Ok(Some(json!({
            "python": {
                "analysis": {
                    "autoSearchPaths": true,
                    "useLibraryCodeForTypes": true,
                    "autoImportCompletions": true
                }
            }
        })))
    }

    async fn process_completions(&self, items: &mut [lsp::CompletionItem]) {
        process_pyright_completions(items);
    }

    async fn label_for_completion(
        &self,
        item: &lsp::CompletionItem,
        language: &Arc<language::Language>,
    ) -> Option<language::CodeLabel> {
        label_for_pyright_completion(item, language)
    }

    async fn label_for_symbol(
        &self,
        symbol: &language::Symbol,
        language: &Arc<language::Language>,
    ) -> Option<language::CodeLabel> {
        label_for_python_symbol(symbol, language)
    }

    async fn workspace_configuration(
        self: Arc<Self>,
        adapter: &Arc<dyn LspAdapterDelegate>,
        toolchain: Option<Toolchain>,
        _: Option<Uri>,
        cx: &mut AsyncApp,
    ) -> Result<Value> {
        Ok(cx.update(move |cx| {
            let mut user_settings =
                language_server_settings(adapter.as_ref(), &Self::SERVER_NAME, cx)
                    .and_then(|s| s.settings.clone())
                    .unwrap_or_default();

            // If we have a detected toolchain, configure Pyright to use it
            if let Some(toolchain) = toolchain
                && let Ok(env) =
                    serde_json::from_value::<PythonToolchainData>(toolchain.as_json.clone())
            {
                if !user_settings.is_object() {
                    user_settings = Value::Object(serde_json::Map::default());
                }
                let object = user_settings.as_object_mut().unwrap();

                let interpreter_path = toolchain.path.to_string();
                if let Some(venv_dir) = &env.environment.prefix {
                    // Set venvPath and venv at the root level
                    // This matches the format of a pyrightconfig.json file
                    if let Some(parent) = venv_dir.parent() {
                        // Use relative path if the venv is inside the workspace
                        let venv_path = if parent == adapter.worktree_root_path() {
                            ".".to_string()
                        } else {
                            parent.to_string_lossy().into_owned()
                        };
                        object.insert("venvPath".to_string(), Value::String(venv_path));
                    }

                    if let Some(venv_name) = venv_dir.file_name() {
                        object.insert(
                            "venv".to_owned(),
                            Value::String(venv_name.to_string_lossy().into_owned()),
                        );
                    }
                }

                // Always set the python interpreter path
                // Get or create the python section
                let python = object
                    .entry("python")
                    .and_modify(|v| {
                        if !v.is_object() {
                            *v = Value::Object(serde_json::Map::default());
                        }
                    })
                    .or_insert(Value::Object(serde_json::Map::default()));
                let python = python.as_object_mut().unwrap();

                // Set both pythonPath and defaultInterpreterPath for compatibility
                python.insert(
                    "pythonPath".to_owned(),
                    Value::String(interpreter_path.clone()),
                );
                python.insert(
                    "defaultInterpreterPath".to_owned(),
                    Value::String(interpreter_path),
                );
            }

            user_settings
        }))
    }
}

impl LspInstaller for PyrightLspAdapter {
    type BinaryVersion = Version;

    async fn fetch_latest_server_version(
        &self,
        _: &dyn LspAdapterDelegate,
        _: bool,
        _: &mut AsyncApp,
    ) -> Result<Self::BinaryVersion> {
        self.node
            .npm_package_latest_version(Self::SERVER_NAME.as_ref())
            .await
    }

    async fn check_if_user_installed(
        &self,
        delegate: &dyn LspAdapterDelegate,
        _: Option<Toolchain>,
        _: &AsyncApp,
    ) -> Option<LanguageServerBinary> {
        if let Some(pyright_bin) = delegate.which("pyright-langserver".as_ref()).await {
            let env = delegate.shell_env().await;
            Some(LanguageServerBinary {
                path: pyright_bin,
                env: Some(env),
                arguments: vec!["--stdio".into()],
            })
        } else {
            let node = delegate.which("node".as_ref()).await?;
            let (node_modules_path, _) = delegate
                .npm_package_installed_version(Self::SERVER_NAME.as_ref())
                .await
                .log_err()??;

            let path = node_modules_path.join(Self::NODE_MODULE_RELATIVE_SERVER_PATH);

            let env = delegate.shell_env().await;
            Some(LanguageServerBinary {
                path: node,
                env: Some(env),
                arguments: vec![path.into(), "--stdio".into()],
            })
        }
    }

    async fn fetch_server_binary(
        &self,
        latest_version: Self::BinaryVersion,
        container_dir: PathBuf,
        delegate: &dyn LspAdapterDelegate,
    ) -> Result<LanguageServerBinary> {
        let server_path = container_dir.join(Self::SERVER_PATH);
        let latest_version = latest_version.to_string();

        self.node
            .npm_install_packages(
                &container_dir,
                &[(Self::SERVER_NAME.as_ref(), latest_version.as_str())],
            )
            .await?;

        let env = delegate.shell_env().await;
        Ok(LanguageServerBinary {
            path: self.node.binary_path().await?,
            env: Some(env),
            arguments: vec![server_path.into(), "--stdio".into()],
        })
    }

    async fn check_if_version_installed(
        &self,
        version: &Self::BinaryVersion,
        container_dir: &PathBuf,
        delegate: &dyn LspAdapterDelegate,
    ) -> Option<LanguageServerBinary> {
        let server_path = container_dir.join(Self::SERVER_PATH);

        let should_install_language_server = self
            .node
            .should_install_npm_package(
                Self::SERVER_NAME.as_ref(),
                &server_path,
                container_dir,
                VersionStrategy::Latest(version),
            )
            .await;

        if should_install_language_server {
            None
        } else {
            let env = delegate.shell_env().await;
            Some(LanguageServerBinary {
                path: self.node.binary_path().await.ok()?,
                env: Some(env),
                arguments: vec![server_path.into(), "--stdio".into()],
            })
        }
    }

    async fn cached_server_binary(
        &self,
        container_dir: PathBuf,
        delegate: &dyn LspAdapterDelegate,
    ) -> Option<LanguageServerBinary> {
        let mut binary = Self::get_cached_server_binary(container_dir, &self.node).await?;
        binary.env = Some(delegate.shell_env().await);
        Some(binary)
    }
}

pub(crate) struct PythonContextProvider;

const PYTHON_TEST_TARGET_TASK_VARIABLE: VariableName =
    VariableName::Custom(Cow::Borrowed("PYTHON_TEST_TARGET"));

const PYTHON_ACTIVE_TOOLCHAIN_PATH: VariableName =
    VariableName::Custom(Cow::Borrowed("PYTHON_ACTIVE_ZED_TOOLCHAIN"));

const PYTHON_MODULE_NAME_TASK_VARIABLE: VariableName =
    VariableName::Custom(Cow::Borrowed("PYTHON_MODULE_NAME"));

impl ContextProvider for PythonContextProvider {
    fn build_context(
        &self,
        variables: &task::TaskVariables,
        location: ContextLocation<'_>,
        _: Option<HashMap<String, String>>,
        toolchains: Arc<dyn LanguageToolchainStore>,
        cx: &mut gpui::App,
    ) -> Task<Result<task::TaskVariables>> {
        let test_target = match selected_test_runner(Some(&location.file_location.buffer), cx) {
            TestRunner::UNITTEST => self.build_unittest_target(variables),
            TestRunner::PYTEST => self.build_pytest_target(variables),
        };

        let module_target = self.build_module_target(variables);
        let location_file = location.file_location.buffer.read(cx).file().cloned();
        let worktree_id = location_file.as_ref().map(|f| f.worktree_id(cx));

        cx.spawn(async move |cx| {
            let active_toolchain = if let Some(worktree_id) = worktree_id {
                let file_path = location_file
                    .as_ref()
                    .and_then(|f| f.path().parent())
                    .map(Arc::from)
                    .unwrap_or_else(|| RelPath::empty().into());

                toolchains
                    .active_toolchain(worktree_id, file_path, "Python".into(), cx)
                    .await
                    .map_or_else(
                        || String::from("python3"),
                        |toolchain| toolchain.path.to_string(),
                    )
            } else {
                String::from("python3")
            };

            let toolchain = (PYTHON_ACTIVE_TOOLCHAIN_PATH, active_toolchain);

            Ok(task::TaskVariables::from_iter(
                test_target
                    .into_iter()
                    .chain(module_target.into_iter())
                    .chain([toolchain]),
            ))
        })
    }

    fn associated_tasks(
        &self,
        buffer: Option<Entity<Buffer>>,
        cx: &App,
    ) -> Task<Option<TaskTemplates>> {
        let test_runner = selected_test_runner(buffer.as_ref(), cx);

        let mut tasks = vec![
            // Execute a selection
            TaskTemplate {
                label: "execute selection".to_owned(),
                command: PYTHON_ACTIVE_TOOLCHAIN_PATH.template_value(),
                args: vec![
                    "-c".to_owned(),
                    VariableName::SelectedText.template_value_with_whitespace(),
                ],
                cwd: Some(VariableName::WorktreeRoot.template_value()),
                ..TaskTemplate::default()
            },
            // Execute an entire file
            TaskTemplate {
                label: format!("run '{}'", VariableName::File.template_value()),
                command: PYTHON_ACTIVE_TOOLCHAIN_PATH.template_value(),
                args: vec![VariableName::File.template_value_with_whitespace()],
                cwd: Some(VariableName::WorktreeRoot.template_value()),
                ..TaskTemplate::default()
            },
            // Execute a file as module
            TaskTemplate {
                label: format!("run module '{}'", VariableName::File.template_value()),
                command: PYTHON_ACTIVE_TOOLCHAIN_PATH.template_value(),
                args: vec![
                    "-m".to_owned(),
                    PYTHON_MODULE_NAME_TASK_VARIABLE.template_value(),
                ],
                cwd: Some(VariableName::WorktreeRoot.template_value()),
                tags: vec!["python-module-main-method".to_owned()],
                ..TaskTemplate::default()
            },
        ];

        tasks.extend(match test_runner {
            TestRunner::UNITTEST => {
                [
                    // Run tests for an entire file
                    TaskTemplate {
                        label: format!("unittest '{}'", VariableName::File.template_value()),
                        command: PYTHON_ACTIVE_TOOLCHAIN_PATH.template_value(),
                        args: vec![
                            "-m".to_owned(),
                            "unittest".to_owned(),
                            VariableName::File.template_value_with_whitespace(),
                        ],
                        cwd: Some(VariableName::WorktreeRoot.template_value()),
                        ..TaskTemplate::default()
                    },
                    // Run test(s) for a specific target within a file
                    TaskTemplate {
                        label: "unittest $ZED_CUSTOM_PYTHON_TEST_TARGET".to_owned(),
                        command: PYTHON_ACTIVE_TOOLCHAIN_PATH.template_value(),
                        args: vec![
                            "-m".to_owned(),
                            "unittest".to_owned(),
                            PYTHON_TEST_TARGET_TASK_VARIABLE.template_value_with_whitespace(),
                        ],
                        tags: vec![
                            "python-unittest-class".to_owned(),
                            "python-unittest-method".to_owned(),
                        ],
                        cwd: Some(VariableName::WorktreeRoot.template_value()),
                        ..TaskTemplate::default()
                    },
                ]
            }
            TestRunner::PYTEST => {
                [
                    // Run tests for an entire file
                    TaskTemplate {
                        label: format!("pytest '{}'", VariableName::File.template_value()),
                        command: PYTHON_ACTIVE_TOOLCHAIN_PATH.template_value(),
                        args: vec![
                            "-m".to_owned(),
                            "pytest".to_owned(),
                            VariableName::File.template_value_with_whitespace(),
                        ],
                        cwd: Some(VariableName::WorktreeRoot.template_value()),
                        ..TaskTemplate::default()
                    },
                    // Run test(s) for a specific target within a file
                    TaskTemplate {
                        label: "pytest $ZED_CUSTOM_PYTHON_TEST_TARGET".to_owned(),
                        command: PYTHON_ACTIVE_TOOLCHAIN_PATH.template_value(),
                        args: vec![
                            "-m".to_owned(),
                            "pytest".to_owned(),
                            PYTHON_TEST_TARGET_TASK_VARIABLE.template_value_with_whitespace(),
                        ],
                        cwd: Some(VariableName::WorktreeRoot.template_value()),
                        tags: vec![
                            "python-pytest-class".to_owned(),
                            "python-pytest-method".to_owned(),
                        ],
                        ..TaskTemplate::default()
                    },
                ]
            }
        });

        Task::ready(Some(TaskTemplates(tasks)))
    }
}

fn selected_test_runner(location: Option<&Entity<Buffer>>, cx: &App) -> TestRunner {
    const TEST_RUNNER_VARIABLE: &str = "TEST_RUNNER";
    let language = LanguageName::new_static("Python");
    let settings = LanguageSettings::resolve(location.map(|b| b.read(cx)), Some(&language), cx);
    settings
        .tasks
        .variables
        .get(TEST_RUNNER_VARIABLE)
        .and_then(|val| TestRunner::from_str(val).ok())
        .unwrap_or(TestRunner::PYTEST)
}

impl PythonContextProvider {
    fn build_unittest_target(
        &self,
        variables: &task::TaskVariables,
    ) -> Option<(VariableName, String)> {
        let python_module_name =
            python_module_name_from_relative_path(variables.get(&VariableName::RelativeFile)?)?;

        let unittest_class_name =
            variables.get(&VariableName::Custom(Cow::Borrowed("_unittest_class_name")));

        let unittest_method_name = variables.get(&VariableName::Custom(Cow::Borrowed(
            "_unittest_method_name",
        )));

        let unittest_target_str = match (unittest_class_name, unittest_method_name) {
            (Some(class_name), Some(method_name)) => {
                format!("{python_module_name}.{class_name}.{method_name}")
            }
            (Some(class_name), None) => format!("{python_module_name}.{class_name}"),
            (None, None) => python_module_name,
            // should never happen, a TestCase class is the unit of testing
            (None, Some(_)) => return None,
        };

        Some((
            PYTHON_TEST_TARGET_TASK_VARIABLE.clone(),
            unittest_target_str,
        ))
    }

    fn build_pytest_target(
        &self,
        variables: &task::TaskVariables,
    ) -> Option<(VariableName, String)> {
        let file_path = variables.get(&VariableName::RelativeFile)?;

        let pytest_class_name =
            variables.get(&VariableName::Custom(Cow::Borrowed("_pytest_class_name")));

        let pytest_method_name =
            variables.get(&VariableName::Custom(Cow::Borrowed("_pytest_method_name")));

        let pytest_target_str = match (pytest_class_name, pytest_method_name) {
            (Some(class_name), Some(method_name)) => {
                format!("{file_path}::{class_name}::{method_name}")
            }
            (Some(class_name), None) => {
                format!("{file_path}::{class_name}")
            }
            (None, Some(method_name)) => {
                format!("{file_path}::{method_name}")
            }
            (None, None) => file_path.to_string(),
        };

        Some((PYTHON_TEST_TARGET_TASK_VARIABLE.clone(), pytest_target_str))
    }

    fn build_module_target(
        &self,
        variables: &task::TaskVariables,
    ) -> Result<(VariableName, String)> {
        let python_module_name = variables
            .get(&VariableName::RelativeFile)
            .and_then(|module| python_module_name_from_relative_path(module))
            .unwrap_or_default();

        let module_target = (PYTHON_MODULE_NAME_TASK_VARIABLE.clone(), python_module_name);

        Ok(module_target)
    }
}

fn python_module_name_from_relative_path(relative_path: &str) -> Option<String> {
    let rel_path = RelPath::new(relative_path.as_ref(), PathStyle::local()).ok()?;
    let path_with_dots = rel_path.display(PathStyle::Posix).replace('/', ".");
    Some(
        path_with_dots
            .strip_suffix(".py")
            .map(ToOwned::to_owned)
            .unwrap_or(path_with_dots),
    )
}

fn is_python_env_global(k: &PythonEnvironmentKind) -> bool {
    matches!(
        k,
        PythonEnvironmentKind::Homebrew
            | PythonEnvironmentKind::Pyenv
            | PythonEnvironmentKind::GlobalPaths
            | PythonEnvironmentKind::MacPythonOrg
            | PythonEnvironmentKind::MacCommandLineTools
            | PythonEnvironmentKind::LinuxGlobal
            | PythonEnvironmentKind::MacXCode
            | PythonEnvironmentKind::WindowsStore
            | PythonEnvironmentKind::WindowsRegistry
    )
}

fn python_env_kind_display(k: &PythonEnvironmentKind) -> &'static str {
    match k {
        PythonEnvironmentKind::Conda => "Conda",
        PythonEnvironmentKind::Pixi => "pixi",
        PythonEnvironmentKind::Homebrew => "Homebrew",
        PythonEnvironmentKind::Pyenv => "global (Pyenv)",
        PythonEnvironmentKind::GlobalPaths => "global",
        PythonEnvironmentKind::PyenvVirtualEnv => "Pyenv",
        PythonEnvironmentKind::Pipenv => "Pipenv",
        PythonEnvironmentKind::Poetry => "Poetry",
        PythonEnvironmentKind::MacPythonOrg => "global (Python.org)",
        PythonEnvironmentKind::MacCommandLineTools => "global (Command Line Tools for Xcode)",
        PythonEnvironmentKind::LinuxGlobal => "global",
        PythonEnvironmentKind::MacXCode => "global (Xcode)",
        PythonEnvironmentKind::Venv => "venv",
        PythonEnvironmentKind::VirtualEnv => "virtualenv",
        PythonEnvironmentKind::VirtualEnvWrapper => "virtualenvwrapper",
        PythonEnvironmentKind::WinPython => "WinPython",
        PythonEnvironmentKind::WindowsStore => "global (Windows Store)",
        PythonEnvironmentKind::WindowsRegistry => "global (Windows Registry)",
        PythonEnvironmentKind::Uv => "uv",
        PythonEnvironmentKind::UvWorkspace => "uv (Workspace)",
    }
}

pub(crate) struct PythonToolchainProvider;

static ENV_PRIORITY_LIST: &[PythonEnvironmentKind] = &[
    // Prioritize non-Conda environments.
    PythonEnvironmentKind::UvWorkspace,
    PythonEnvironmentKind::Uv,
    PythonEnvironmentKind::Poetry,
    PythonEnvironmentKind::Pipenv,
    PythonEnvironmentKind::VirtualEnvWrapper,
    PythonEnvironmentKind::Venv,
    PythonEnvironmentKind::VirtualEnv,
    PythonEnvironmentKind::PyenvVirtualEnv,
    PythonEnvironmentKind::Pixi,
    PythonEnvironmentKind::Conda,
    PythonEnvironmentKind::Pyenv,
    PythonEnvironmentKind::GlobalPaths,
    PythonEnvironmentKind::Homebrew,
];

fn env_priority(kind: Option<PythonEnvironmentKind>) -> usize {
    if let Some(kind) = kind {
        ENV_PRIORITY_LIST
            .iter()
            .position(|blessed_env| blessed_env == &kind)
            .unwrap_or(ENV_PRIORITY_LIST.len())
    } else {
        // Unknown toolchains are less useful than non-blessed ones.
        ENV_PRIORITY_LIST.len() + 1
    }
}

/// Return the name of environment declared in <worktree-root/.venv.
///
/// https://virtualfish.readthedocs.io/en/latest/plugins.html#auto-activation-auto-activation
async fn get_worktree_venv_declaration(worktree_root: &Path) -> Option<String> {
    let file = async_fs::File::open(worktree_root.join(".venv"))
        .await
        .ok()?;
    let mut venv_name = String::new();
    smol::io::BufReader::new(file)
        .read_line(&mut venv_name)
        .await
        .ok()?;
    Some(venv_name.trim().to_string())
}

fn get_venv_parent_dir(env: &PythonEnvironment) -> Option<PathBuf> {
    // If global, we aren't a virtual environment
    if let Some(kind) = env.kind
        && is_python_env_global(&kind)
    {
        return None;
    }

    // Check to be sure we are a virtual environment using pet's most generic
    // virtual environment type, VirtualEnv
    let venv = env
        .executable
        .as_ref()
        .and_then(|p| p.parent())
        .and_then(|p| p.parent())
        .filter(|p| is_virtualenv_dir(p))?;

    venv.parent().map(|parent| parent.to_path_buf())
}

// How far is this venv from the root of our current project?
#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
enum SubprojectDistance {
    WithinSubproject(Reverse<usize>),
    WithinWorktree(Reverse<usize>),
    NotInWorktree,
}

fn wr_distance(
    wr: &PathBuf,
    subroot_relative_path: &RelPath,
    venv: Option<&PathBuf>,
) -> SubprojectDistance {
    if let Some(venv) = venv
        && let Ok(p) = venv.strip_prefix(wr)
    {
        if subroot_relative_path.components().next().is_some()
            && let Ok(distance) = p
                .strip_prefix(subroot_relative_path.as_std_path())
                .map(|p| p.components().count())
        {
            SubprojectDistance::WithinSubproject(Reverse(distance))
        } else {
            SubprojectDistance::WithinWorktree(Reverse(p.components().count()))
        }
    } else {
        SubprojectDistance::NotInWorktree
    }
}

fn micromamba_shell_name(kind: ShellKind) -> &'static str {
    match kind {
        ShellKind::Csh => "csh",
        ShellKind::Fish => "fish",
        ShellKind::Nushell => "nu",
        ShellKind::PowerShell => "powershell",
        ShellKind::Cmd => "cmd.exe",
        // default / catch-all:
        _ => "posix",
    }
}

#[async_trait]
impl ToolchainLister for PythonToolchainProvider {
    async fn list(
        &self,
        worktree_root: PathBuf,
        subroot_relative_path: Arc<RelPath>,
        project_env: Option<HashMap<String, String>>,
        fs: &dyn Fs,
    ) -> ToolchainList {
        let env = project_env.unwrap_or_default();
        let environment = EnvironmentApi::from_env(&env);
        let locators = pet::locators::create_locators(
            Arc::new(pet_conda::Conda::from(&environment)),
            Arc::new(pet_poetry::Poetry::from(&environment)),
            &environment,
        );
        let mut config = Configuration::default();

        // `.ancestors()` will yield at least one path, so in case of empty `subroot_relative_path`, we'll just use
        // worktree root as the workspace directory.
        config.workspace_directories = Some(
            subroot_relative_path
                .ancestors()
                .map(|ancestor| {
                    // remove trailing separator as it alters the environment name hash used by Poetry.
                    let path = worktree_root.join(ancestor.as_std_path());
                    let path_str = path.to_string_lossy();
                    if path_str.ends_with(std::path::MAIN_SEPARATOR) && path_str.len() > 1 {
                        PathBuf::from(path_str.trim_end_matches(std::path::MAIN_SEPARATOR))
                    } else {
                        path
                    }
                })
                .collect(),
        );
        for locator in locators.iter() {
            locator.configure(&config);
        }

        let reporter = pet_reporter::collect::create_reporter();
        pet::find::find_and_report_envs(&reporter, config, &locators, &environment, None);

        let mut toolchains = reporter
            .environments
            .lock()
            .map_or(Vec::new(), |mut guard| std::mem::take(&mut guard));

        let wr = worktree_root;
        let wr_venv = get_worktree_venv_declaration(&wr).await;
        // Sort detected environments by:
        //     environment name matching activation file (<workdir>/.venv)
        //     environment project dir matching worktree_root
        //     general env priority
        //     environment path matching the CONDA_PREFIX env var
        //     executable path
        toolchains.sort_by(|lhs, rhs| {
            // Compare venv names against worktree .venv file
            let venv_ordering =
                wr_venv
                    .as_ref()
                    .map_or(Ordering::Equal, |venv| match (&lhs.name, &rhs.name) {
                        (Some(l), Some(r)) => (r == venv).cmp(&(l == venv)),
                        (Some(l), None) if l == venv => Ordering::Less,
                        (None, Some(r)) if r == venv => Ordering::Greater,
                        _ => Ordering::Equal,
                    });

            // Compare project paths against worktree root
            let proj_ordering =
                || {
                    let lhs_project = lhs.project.clone().or_else(|| get_venv_parent_dir(lhs));
                    let rhs_project = rhs.project.clone().or_else(|| get_venv_parent_dir(rhs));
                    wr_distance(&wr, &subroot_relative_path, lhs_project.as_ref()).cmp(
                        &wr_distance(&wr, &subroot_relative_path, rhs_project.as_ref()),
                    )
                };

            // Compare environment priorities
            let priority_ordering = || env_priority(lhs.kind).cmp(&env_priority(rhs.kind));

            // Compare conda prefixes
            let conda_ordering = || {
                if lhs.kind == Some(PythonEnvironmentKind::Conda) {
                    environment
                        .get_env_var("CONDA_PREFIX".to_string())
                        .map(|conda_prefix| {
                            let is_match = |exe: &Option<PathBuf>| {
                                exe.as_ref().is_some_and(|e| e.starts_with(&conda_prefix))
                            };
                            match (is_match(&lhs.executable), is_match(&rhs.executable)) {
                                (true, false) => Ordering::Less,
                                (false, true) => Ordering::Greater,
                                _ => Ordering::Equal,
                            }
                        })
                        .unwrap_or(Ordering::Equal)
                } else {
                    Ordering::Equal
                }
            };

            // Compare Python executables
            let exe_ordering = || lhs.executable.cmp(&rhs.executable);

            venv_ordering
                .then_with(proj_ordering)
                .then_with(priority_ordering)
                .then_with(conda_ordering)
                .then_with(exe_ordering)
        });

        let mut out_toolchains = Vec::new();
        for toolchain in toolchains {
            let Some(toolchain) = venv_to_toolchain(toolchain, fs).await else {
                continue;
            };
            out_toolchains.push(toolchain);
        }
        out_toolchains.dedup();
        ToolchainList {
            toolchains: out_toolchains,
            default: None,
            groups: Default::default(),
        }
    }
    fn meta(&self) -> ToolchainMetadata {
        ToolchainMetadata {
            term: SharedString::new_static("Virtual Environment"),
            new_toolchain_placeholder: SharedString::new_static(
                "A path to the python3 executable within a virtual environment, or path to virtual environment itself",
            ),
            manifest_name: ManifestName::from(SharedString::new_static("pyproject.toml")),
        }
    }

    async fn resolve(
        &self,
        path: PathBuf,
        env: Option<HashMap<String, String>>,
        fs: &dyn Fs,
    ) -> anyhow::Result<Toolchain> {
        let env = env.unwrap_or_default();
        let environment = EnvironmentApi::from_env(&env);
        let locators = pet::locators::create_locators(
            Arc::new(pet_conda::Conda::from(&environment)),
            Arc::new(pet_poetry::Poetry::from(&environment)),
            &environment,
        );
        let toolchain = pet::resolve::resolve_environment(&path, &locators, &environment)
            .context("Could not find a virtual environment in provided path")?;
        let venv = toolchain.resolved.unwrap_or(toolchain.discovered);
        venv_to_toolchain(venv, fs)
            .await
            .context("Could not convert a venv into a toolchain")
    }

    fn activation_script(
        &self,
        toolchain: &Toolchain,
        shell: ShellKind,
        cx: &App,
    ) -> BoxFuture<'static, Vec<String>> {
        let settings = TerminalSettings::get_global(cx);
        let conda_manager = settings
            .detect_venv
            .as_option()
            .map(|venv| venv.conda_manager)
            .unwrap_or(settings::CondaManager::Auto);

        let toolchain_clone = toolchain.clone();
        Box::pin(async move {
            let Ok(toolchain) =
                serde_json::from_value::<PythonToolchainData>(toolchain_clone.as_json.clone())
            else {
                return vec![];
            };

            log::debug!("(Python) Composing activation script for toolchain {toolchain:?}");

            let mut activation_script = vec![];

            match toolchain.environment.kind {
                Some(PythonEnvironmentKind::Conda) => {
                    if toolchain.environment.manager.is_none() {
                        return vec![];
                    };

                    let manager = match conda_manager {
                        settings::CondaManager::Conda => "conda",
                        settings::CondaManager::Mamba => "mamba",
                        settings::CondaManager::Micromamba => "micromamba",
                        settings::CondaManager::Auto => toolchain
                            .environment
                            .manager
                            .as_ref()
                            .and_then(|m| m.executable.file_name())
                            .and_then(|name| name.to_str())
                            .filter(|name| matches!(*name, "conda" | "mamba" | "micromamba"))
                            .unwrap_or("conda"),
                    };

                    // Activate micromamba shell in the child shell
                    // [required for micromamba]
                    if manager == "micromamba" {
                        let shell = micromamba_shell_name(shell);
                        activation_script
                            .push(format!(r#"eval "$({manager} shell hook --shell {shell})""#));
                    }

                    if let Some(name) = &toolchain.environment.name {
                        if let Some(quoted_name) = shell.try_quote(name) {
                            activation_script.push(format!("{manager} activate {quoted_name}"));
                        } else {
                            log::warn!(
                                "Could not safely quote environment name {:?}, falling back to base",
                                name
                            );
                            activation_script.push(format!("{manager} activate base"));
                        }
                    } else {
                        activation_script.push(format!("{manager} activate base"));
                    }
                }
                Some(
                    PythonEnvironmentKind::Venv
                    | PythonEnvironmentKind::VirtualEnv
                    | PythonEnvironmentKind::Uv
                    | PythonEnvironmentKind::UvWorkspace
                    | PythonEnvironmentKind::Poetry,
                ) => {
                    if let Some(activation_scripts) = &toolchain.activation_scripts {
                        if let Some(activate_script_path) = activation_scripts.get(&shell) {
                            let activate_keyword = shell.activate_keyword();
                            if let Some(quoted) =
                                shell.try_quote(&activate_script_path.to_string_lossy())
                            {
                                activation_script.push(format!("{activate_keyword} {quoted}"));
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
                Some(PythonEnvironmentKind::Pyenv) => {
                    let Some(manager) = &toolchain.environment.manager else {
                        return vec![];
                    };
                    let version = toolchain.environment.version.as_deref().unwrap_or("system");
                    let pyenv = &manager.executable;
                    let pyenv = pyenv.display();
                    activation_script.extend(match shell {
                        ShellKind::Fish => Some(format!("\"{pyenv}\" shell - fish {version}")),
                        ShellKind::Posix => Some(format!("\"{pyenv}\" shell - sh {version}")),
                        ShellKind::Nushell => Some(format!("^\"{pyenv}\" shell - nu {version}")),
                        ShellKind::PowerShell | ShellKind::Pwsh => None,
                        ShellKind::Csh => None,
                        ShellKind::Tcsh => None,
                        ShellKind::Cmd => None,
                        ShellKind::Rc => None,
                        ShellKind::Xonsh => None,
                        ShellKind::Elvish => None,
                    })
                }
                _ => {}
            }
            activation_script
        })
    }
}

async fn venv_to_toolchain(venv: PythonEnvironment, fs: &dyn Fs) -> Option<Toolchain> {
    let mut name = String::from("Python");
    if let Some(ref version) = venv.version {
        _ = write!(name, " {version}");
    }

    let name_and_kind = match (&venv.name, &venv.kind) {
        (Some(name), Some(kind)) => Some(format!("({name}; {})", python_env_kind_display(kind))),
        (Some(name), None) => Some(format!("({name})")),
        (None, Some(kind)) => Some(format!("({})", python_env_kind_display(kind))),
        (None, None) => None,
    };

    if let Some(nk) = name_and_kind {
        _ = write!(name, " {nk}");
    }

    let mut activation_scripts = HashMap::default();
    match venv.kind {
        Some(
            PythonEnvironmentKind::Venv
            | PythonEnvironmentKind::VirtualEnv
            | PythonEnvironmentKind::Uv
            | PythonEnvironmentKind::UvWorkspace
            | PythonEnvironmentKind::Poetry,
        ) => resolve_venv_activation_scripts(&venv, fs, &mut activation_scripts).await,
        _ => {}
    }
    let data = PythonToolchainData {
        environment: venv,
        activation_scripts: Some(activation_scripts),
    };

    Some(Toolchain {
        name: name.into(),
        path: data
            .environment
            .executable
            .as_ref()?
            .to_str()?
            .to_owned()
            .into(),
        language_name: LanguageName::new_static("Python"),
        as_json: serde_json::to_value(data).ok()?,
    })
}

async fn resolve_venv_activation_scripts(
    venv: &PythonEnvironment,
    fs: &dyn Fs,
    activation_scripts: &mut HashMap<ShellKind, PathBuf>,
) {
    log::debug!("(Python) Resolving activation scripts for venv toolchain {venv:?}");
    if let Some(prefix) = &venv.prefix {
        for (shell_kind, script_name) in &[
            (ShellKind::Posix, "activate"),
            (ShellKind::Rc, "activate"),
            (ShellKind::Csh, "activate.csh"),
            (ShellKind::Tcsh, "activate.csh"),
            (ShellKind::Fish, "activate.fish"),
            (ShellKind::Nushell, "activate.nu"),
            (ShellKind::PowerShell, "activate.ps1"),
            (ShellKind::Pwsh, "activate.ps1"),
            (ShellKind::Cmd, "activate.bat"),
            (ShellKind::Xonsh, "activate.xsh"),
        ] {
            let path = prefix.join(BINARY_DIR).join(script_name);

            log::debug!("Trying path: {}", path.display());

            if fs.is_file(&path).await {
                activation_scripts.insert(*shell_kind, path);
            }
        }
    }
}

pub struct EnvironmentApi<'a> {
    global_search_locations: Arc<Mutex<Vec<PathBuf>>>,
    project_env: &'a HashMap<String, String>,
    pet_env: pet_core::os_environment::EnvironmentApi,
}

impl<'a> EnvironmentApi<'a> {
    pub fn from_env(project_env: &'a HashMap<String, String>) -> Self {
        let paths = project_env
            .get("PATH")
            .map(|p| std::env::split_paths(p).collect())
            .unwrap_or_default();

        EnvironmentApi {
            global_search_locations: Arc::new(Mutex::new(paths)),
            project_env,
            pet_env: pet_core::os_environment::EnvironmentApi::new(),
        }
    }

    fn user_home(&self) -> Option<PathBuf> {
        self.project_env
            .get("HOME")
            .or_else(|| self.project_env.get("USERPROFILE"))
            .map(|home| pet_fs::path::norm_case(PathBuf::from(home)))
            .or_else(|| self.pet_env.get_user_home())
    }
}

impl pet_core::os_environment::Environment for EnvironmentApi<'_> {
    fn get_user_home(&self) -> Option<PathBuf> {
        self.user_home()
    }

    fn get_root(&self) -> Option<PathBuf> {
        None
    }

    fn get_env_var(&self, key: String) -> Option<String> {
        self.project_env
            .get(&key)
            .cloned()
            .or_else(|| self.pet_env.get_env_var(key))
    }

    fn get_know_global_search_locations(&self) -> Vec<PathBuf> {
        if self.global_search_locations.lock().is_empty() {
            let mut paths = std::env::split_paths(
                &self
                    .get_env_var("PATH".to_string())
                    .or_else(|| self.get_env_var("Path".to_string()))
                    .unwrap_or_default(),
            )
            .collect::<Vec<PathBuf>>();

            log::trace!("Env PATH: {:?}", paths);
            for p in self.pet_env.get_know_global_search_locations() {
                if !paths.contains(&p) {
                    paths.push(p);
                }
            }

            let mut paths = paths
                .into_iter()
                .filter(|p| p.exists())
                .collect::<Vec<PathBuf>>();

            self.global_search_locations.lock().append(&mut paths);
        }
        self.global_search_locations.lock().clone()
    }
}

pub(crate) struct PyLspAdapter {
    python_venv_base: OnceCell<Result<Arc<Path>, String>>,
}
impl PyLspAdapter {
    const SERVER_NAME: LanguageServerName = LanguageServerName::new_static("pylsp");
    pub(crate) fn new() -> Self {
        Self {
            python_venv_base: OnceCell::new(),
        }
    }
    async fn ensure_venv(delegate: &dyn LspAdapterDelegate) -> Result<Arc<Path>> {
        let python_path = Self::find_base_python(delegate)
            .await
            .with_context(|| {
                let mut message = "Could not find Python installation for PyLSP".to_owned();
                if cfg!(windows){
                    message.push_str(". Install Python from the Microsoft Store, or manually from https://www.python.org/downloads/windows.")
                }
                message
            })?;
        let work_dir = delegate
            .language_server_download_dir(&Self::SERVER_NAME)
            .await
            .context("Could not get working directory for PyLSP")?;
        let mut path = PathBuf::from(work_dir.as_ref());
        path.push("pylsp-venv");
        if !path.exists() {
            util::command::new_command(python_path)
                .arg("-m")
                .arg("venv")
                .arg("pylsp-venv")
                .current_dir(work_dir)
                .spawn()?
                .output()
                .await?;
        }

        Ok(path.into())
    }
    // Find "baseline", user python version from which we'll create our own venv.
    async fn find_base_python(delegate: &dyn LspAdapterDelegate) -> Option<PathBuf> {
        for path in ["python3", "python"] {
            let Some(path) = delegate.which(path.as_ref()).await else {
                continue;
            };
            // Try to detect situations where `python3` exists but is not a real Python interpreter.
            // Notably, on fresh Windows installs, `python3` is a shim that opens the Microsoft Store app
            // when run with no arguments, and just fails otherwise.
            let Some(output) = new_command(&path)
                .args(["-c", "print(1 + 2)"])
                .output()
                .await
                .ok()
            else {
                continue;
            };
            if output.stdout.trim_ascii() != b"3" {
                continue;
            }
            return Some(path);
        }
        None
    }

    async fn base_venv(&self, delegate: &dyn LspAdapterDelegate) -> Result<Arc<Path>, String> {
        self.python_venv_base
            .get_or_init(move || async move {
                Self::ensure_venv(delegate)
                    .await
                    .map_err(|e| format!("{e}"))
            })
            .await
            .clone()
    }
}

const BINARY_DIR: &str = if cfg!(target_os = "windows") {
    "Scripts"
} else {
    "bin"
};

#[async_trait(?Send)]
impl LspAdapter for PyLspAdapter {
    fn name(&self) -> LanguageServerName {
        Self::SERVER_NAME
    }

    async fn process_completions(&self, items: &mut [lsp::CompletionItem]) {
        for item in items {
            let is_named_argument = item.label.ends_with('=');
            let priority = if is_named_argument { '0' } else { '1' };
            let sort_text = item.sort_text.take().unwrap_or_else(|| item.label.clone());
            item.sort_text = Some(format!("{}{}", priority, sort_text));
        }
    }

    async fn label_for_completion(
        &self,
        item: &lsp::CompletionItem,
        language: &Arc<language::Language>,
    ) -> Option<language::CodeLabel> {
        let label = &item.label;
        let label_len = label.len();
        let grammar = language.grammar()?;
        let highlight_id = match item.kind? {
            lsp::CompletionItemKind::METHOD => grammar.highlight_id_for_name("function.method")?,
            lsp::CompletionItemKind::FUNCTION => grammar.highlight_id_for_name("function")?,
            lsp::CompletionItemKind::CLASS => grammar.highlight_id_for_name("type")?,
            lsp::CompletionItemKind::CONSTANT => grammar.highlight_id_for_name("constant")?,
            _ => return None,
        };
        Some(language::CodeLabel::filtered(
            label.clone(),
            label_len,
            item.filter_text.as_deref(),
            vec![(0..label.len(), highlight_id)],
        ))
    }

    async fn label_for_symbol(
        &self,
        symbol: &language::Symbol,
        language: &Arc<language::Language>,
    ) -> Option<language::CodeLabel> {
        label_for_python_symbol(symbol, language)
    }

    async fn workspace_configuration(
        self: Arc<Self>,
        adapter: &Arc<dyn LspAdapterDelegate>,
        toolchain: Option<Toolchain>,
        _: Option<Uri>,
        cx: &mut AsyncApp,
    ) -> Result<Value> {
        Ok(cx.update(move |cx| {
            let mut user_settings =
                language_server_settings(adapter.as_ref(), &Self::SERVER_NAME, cx)
                    .and_then(|s| s.settings.clone())
                    .unwrap_or_else(|| {
                        json!({
                            "plugins": {
                                "pycodestyle": {"enabled": false},
                                "rope_autoimport": {"enabled": true, "memory": true},
                                "pylsp_mypy": {"enabled": false}
                            },
                            "rope": {
                                "ropeFolder": null
                            },
                        })
                    });

            // If user did not explicitly modify their python venv, use one from picker.
            if let Some(toolchain) = toolchain {
                if !user_settings.is_object() {
                    user_settings = Value::Object(serde_json::Map::default());
                }
                let object = user_settings.as_object_mut().unwrap();
                if let Some(python) = object
                    .entry("plugins")
                    .or_insert(Value::Object(serde_json::Map::default()))
                    .as_object_mut()
                {
                    if let Some(jedi) = python
                        .entry("jedi")
                        .or_insert(Value::Object(serde_json::Map::default()))
                        .as_object_mut()
                    {
                        jedi.entry("environment".to_string())
                            .or_insert_with(|| Value::String(toolchain.path.clone().into()));
                    }
                    if let Some(pylint) = python
                        .entry("pylsp_mypy")
                        .or_insert(Value::Object(serde_json::Map::default()))
                        .as_object_mut()
                    {
                        pylint.entry("overrides".to_string()).or_insert_with(|| {
                            Value::Array(vec![
                                Value::String("--python-executable".into()),
                                Value::String(toolchain.path.into()),
                                Value::String("--cache-dir=/dev/null".into()),
                                Value::Bool(true),
                            ])
                        });
                    }
                }
            }
            user_settings = Value::Object(serde_json::Map::from_iter([(
                "pylsp".to_string(),
                user_settings,
            )]));

            user_settings
        }))
    }
}

impl LspInstaller for PyLspAdapter {
    type BinaryVersion = ();
    async fn check_if_user_installed(
        &self,
        delegate: &dyn LspAdapterDelegate,
        toolchain: Option<Toolchain>,
        _: &AsyncApp,
    ) -> Option<LanguageServerBinary> {
        if let Some(pylsp_bin) = delegate.which(Self::SERVER_NAME.as_ref()).await {
            let env = delegate.shell_env().await;
            delegate
                .try_exec(LanguageServerBinary {
                    path: pylsp_bin.clone(),
                    arguments: vec!["--version".into()],
                    env: Some(env.clone()),
                })
                .await
                .inspect_err(|err| {
                    log::warn!("failed to validate user-installed pylsp at {pylsp_bin:?}: {err:#}")
                })
                .ok()?;
            Some(LanguageServerBinary {
                path: pylsp_bin,
                env: Some(env),
                arguments: vec![],
            })
        } else {
            let toolchain = toolchain?;
            let pylsp_path = Path::new(toolchain.path.as_ref()).parent()?.join("pylsp");
            if !pylsp_path.exists() {
                return None;
            }
            delegate
                .try_exec(LanguageServerBinary {
                    path: toolchain.path.to_string().into(),
                    arguments: vec![pylsp_path.clone().into(), "--version".into()],
                    env: None,
                })
                .await
                .inspect_err(|err| {
                    log::warn!("failed to validate toolchain pylsp at {pylsp_path:?}: {err:#}")
                })
                .ok()?;
            Some(LanguageServerBinary {
                path: toolchain.path.to_string().into(),
                arguments: vec![pylsp_path.into()],
                env: None,
            })
        }
    }

    async fn fetch_latest_server_version(
        &self,
        _: &dyn LspAdapterDelegate,
        _: bool,
        _: &mut AsyncApp,
    ) -> Result<()> {
        Ok(())
    }

    async fn fetch_server_binary(
        &self,
        _: (),
        _: PathBuf,
        delegate: &dyn LspAdapterDelegate,
    ) -> Result<LanguageServerBinary> {
        let venv = self.base_venv(delegate).await.map_err(|e| anyhow!(e))?;
        let pip_path = venv.join(BINARY_DIR).join("pip3");
        ensure!(
            util::command::new_command(pip_path.as_path())
                .arg("install")
                .arg("python-lsp-server[all]")
                .arg("--upgrade")
                .output()
                .await?
                .status
                .success(),
            "python-lsp-server[all] installation failed"
        );
        ensure!(
            util::command::new_command(pip_path)
                .arg("install")
                .arg("pylsp-mypy")
                .arg("--upgrade")
                .output()
                .await?
                .status
                .success(),
            "pylsp-mypy installation failed"
        );
        let pylsp = venv.join(BINARY_DIR).join("pylsp");
        ensure!(
            delegate.which(pylsp.as_os_str()).await.is_some(),
            "pylsp installation was incomplete"
        );
        Ok(LanguageServerBinary {
            path: pylsp,
            env: None,
            arguments: vec![],
        })
    }

    async fn cached_server_binary(
        &self,
        _: PathBuf,
        delegate: &dyn LspAdapterDelegate,
    ) -> Option<LanguageServerBinary> {
        let venv = self.base_venv(delegate).await.ok()?;
        let pylsp = venv.join(BINARY_DIR).join("pylsp");
        delegate.which(pylsp.as_os_str()).await?;
        Some(LanguageServerBinary {
            path: pylsp,
            env: None,
            arguments: vec![],
        })
    }
}

pub(crate) struct BasedPyrightLspAdapter {
    node: NodeRuntime,
}

impl BasedPyrightLspAdapter {
    const SERVER_NAME: LanguageServerName = LanguageServerName::new_static("basedpyright");
    const BINARY_NAME: &'static str = "basedpyright-langserver";
    const SERVER_PATH: &str = "node_modules/basedpyright/langserver.index.js";
    const NODE_MODULE_RELATIVE_SERVER_PATH: &str = "basedpyright/langserver.index.js";

    pub(crate) fn new(node: NodeRuntime) -> Self {
        BasedPyrightLspAdapter { node }
    }

    async fn get_cached_server_binary(
        container_dir: PathBuf,
        node: &NodeRuntime,
    ) -> Option<LanguageServerBinary> {
        let server_path = container_dir.join(Self::SERVER_PATH);
        if server_path.exists() {
            Some(LanguageServerBinary {
                path: node.binary_path().await.log_err()?,
                env: None,
                arguments: vec![server_path.into(), "--stdio".into()],
            })
        } else {
            log::error!("missing executable in directory {:?}", server_path);
            None
        }
    }
}

#[async_trait(?Send)]
impl LspAdapter for BasedPyrightLspAdapter {
    fn name(&self) -> LanguageServerName {
        Self::SERVER_NAME
    }

    async fn initialization_options(
        self: Arc<Self>,
        _: &Arc<dyn LspAdapterDelegate>,
        _: &mut AsyncApp,
    ) -> Result<Option<Value>> {
        // Provide minimal initialization options
        // Virtual environment configuration will be handled through workspace configuration
        Ok(Some(json!({
            "python": {
                "analysis": {
                    "autoSearchPaths": true,
                    "useLibraryCodeForTypes": true,
                    "autoImportCompletions": true
                }
            }
        })))
    }

    async fn process_completions(&self, items: &mut [lsp::CompletionItem]) {
        process_pyright_completions(items);
    }

    async fn label_for_completion(
        &self,
        item: &lsp::CompletionItem,
        language: &Arc<language::Language>,
    ) -> Option<language::CodeLabel> {
        label_for_pyright_completion(item, language)
    }

    async fn label_for_symbol(
        &self,
        symbol: &Symbol,
        language: &Arc<language::Language>,
    ) -> Option<language::CodeLabel> {
        label_for_python_symbol(symbol, language)
    }

    async fn workspace_configuration(
        self: Arc<Self>,
        adapter: &Arc<dyn LspAdapterDelegate>,
        toolchain: Option<Toolchain>,
        _: Option<Uri>,
        cx: &mut AsyncApp,
    ) -> Result<Value> {
        Ok(cx.update(move |cx| {
            let mut user_settings =
                language_server_settings(adapter.as_ref(), &Self::SERVER_NAME, cx)
                    .and_then(|s| s.settings.clone())
                    .unwrap_or_default();

            // If we have a detected toolchain, configure Pyright to use it
            if let Some(toolchain) = toolchain
                && let Ok(env) = serde_json::from_value::<
                    pet_core::python_environment::PythonEnvironment,
                >(toolchain.as_json.clone())
            {
                if !user_settings.is_object() {
                    user_settings = Value::Object(serde_json::Map::default());
                }
                let object = user_settings.as_object_mut().unwrap();

                let interpreter_path = toolchain.path.to_string();
                if let Some(venv_dir) = env.prefix {
                    // Set venvPath and venv at the root level
                    // This matches the format of a pyrightconfig.json file
                    if let Some(parent) = venv_dir.parent() {
                        // Use relative path if the venv is inside the workspace
                        let venv_path = if parent == adapter.worktree_root_path() {
                            ".".to_string()
                        } else {
                            parent.to_string_lossy().into_owned()
                        };
                        object.insert("venvPath".to_string(), Value::String(venv_path));
                    }

                    if let Some(venv_name) = venv_dir.file_name() {
                        object.insert(
                            "venv".to_owned(),
                            Value::String(venv_name.to_string_lossy().into_owned()),
                        );
                    }
                }

                // Set both pythonPath and defaultInterpreterPath for compatibility
                if let Some(python) = object
                    .entry("python")
                    .or_insert(Value::Object(serde_json::Map::default()))
                    .as_object_mut()
                {
                    python.insert(
                        "pythonPath".to_owned(),
                        Value::String(interpreter_path.clone()),
                    );
                    python.insert(
                        "defaultInterpreterPath".to_owned(),
                        Value::String(interpreter_path),
                    );
                }
                // Basedpyright by default uses `strict` type checking, we tone it down as to not surpris users
                maybe!({
                    let analysis = object
                        .entry("basedpyright.analysis")
                        .or_insert(Value::Object(serde_json::Map::default()));
                    if let serde_json::map::Entry::Vacant(v) =
                        analysis.as_object_mut()?.entry("typeCheckingMode")
                    {
                        v.insert(Value::String("standard".to_owned()));
                    }
                    Some(())
                });
                // Disable basedpyright's organizeImports so ruff handles it instead
                if let serde_json::map::Entry::Vacant(v) =
                    object.entry("basedpyright.disableOrganizeImports")
                {
                    v.insert(Value::Bool(true));
                }
            }

            user_settings
        }))
    }
}

impl LspInstaller for BasedPyrightLspAdapter {
    type BinaryVersion = Version;

    async fn fetch_latest_server_version(
        &self,
        _: &dyn LspAdapterDelegate,
        _: bool,
        _: &mut AsyncApp,
    ) -> Result<Self::BinaryVersion> {
        self.node
            .npm_package_latest_version(Self::SERVER_NAME.as_ref())
            .await
    }

    async fn check_if_user_installed(
        &self,
        delegate: &dyn LspAdapterDelegate,
        _: Option<Toolchain>,
        _: &AsyncApp,
    ) -> Option<LanguageServerBinary> {
        if let Some(path) = delegate.which(Self::BINARY_NAME.as_ref()).await {
            let env = delegate.shell_env().await;
            Some(LanguageServerBinary {
                path,
                env: Some(env),
                arguments: vec!["--stdio".into()],
            })
        } else {
            // TODO shouldn't this be self.node.binary_path()?
            let node = delegate.which("node".as_ref()).await?;
            let (node_modules_path, _) = delegate
                .npm_package_installed_version(Self::SERVER_NAME.as_ref())
                .await
                .log_err()??;

            let path = node_modules_path.join(Self::NODE_MODULE_RELATIVE_SERVER_PATH);

            let env = delegate.shell_env().await;
            Some(LanguageServerBinary {
                path: node,
                env: Some(env),
                arguments: vec![path.into(), "--stdio".into()],
            })
        }
    }

    async fn fetch_server_binary(
        &self,
        latest_version: Self::BinaryVersion,
        container_dir: PathBuf,
        delegate: &dyn LspAdapterDelegate,
    ) -> Result<LanguageServerBinary> {
        let server_path = container_dir.join(Self::SERVER_PATH);
        let latest_version = latest_version.to_string();

        self.node
            .npm_install_packages(
                &container_dir,
                &[(Self::SERVER_NAME.as_ref(), latest_version.as_str())],
            )
            .await?;

        let env = delegate.shell_env().await;
        Ok(LanguageServerBinary {
            path: self.node.binary_path().await?,
            env: Some(env),
            arguments: vec![server_path.into(), "--stdio".into()],
        })
    }

    async fn check_if_version_installed(
        &self,
        version: &Self::BinaryVersion,
        container_dir: &PathBuf,
        delegate: &dyn LspAdapterDelegate,
    ) -> Option<LanguageServerBinary> {
        let server_path = container_dir.join(Self::SERVER_PATH);

        let should_install_language_server = self
            .node
            .should_install_npm_package(
                Self::SERVER_NAME.as_ref(),
                &server_path,
                container_dir,
                VersionStrategy::Latest(version),
            )
            .await;

        if should_install_language_server {
            None
        } else {
            let env = delegate.shell_env().await;
            Some(LanguageServerBinary {
                path: self.node.binary_path().await.ok()?,
                env: Some(env),
                arguments: vec![server_path.into(), "--stdio".into()],
            })
        }
    }

    async fn cached_server_binary(
        &self,
        container_dir: PathBuf,
        delegate: &dyn LspAdapterDelegate,
    ) -> Option<LanguageServerBinary> {
        let mut binary = Self::get_cached_server_binary(container_dir, &self.node).await?;
        binary.env = Some(delegate.shell_env().await);
        Some(binary)
    }
}

pub(crate) struct RuffLspAdapter {
    fs: Arc<dyn Fs>,
}

impl RuffLspAdapter {
    fn convert_ruff_schema(raw_schema: &serde_json::Value) -> serde_json::Value {
        let Some(schema_object) = raw_schema.as_object() else {
            return raw_schema.clone();
        };

        let mut root_properties = serde_json::Map::new();

        for (key, value) in schema_object {
            let parts: Vec<&str> = key.split('.').collect();

            if parts.is_empty() {
                continue;
            }

            let mut current = &mut root_properties;

            for (i, part) in parts.iter().enumerate() {
                let is_last = i == parts.len() - 1;

                if is_last {
                    let mut schema_entry = serde_json::Map::new();

                    if let Some(doc) = value.get("doc").and_then(|d| d.as_str()) {
                        schema_entry.insert(
                            "markdownDescription".to_string(),
                            serde_json::Value::String(doc.to_string()),
                        );
                    }

                    if let Some(default_val) = value.get("default") {
                        schema_entry.insert("default".to_string(), default_val.clone());
                    }

                    if let Some(value_type) = value.get("value_type").and_then(|v| v.as_str()) {
                        if value_type.contains('|') {
                            let enum_values: Vec<serde_json::Value> = value_type
                                .split('|')
                                .map(|s| s.trim().trim_matches('"'))
                                .filter(|s| !s.is_empty())
                                .map(|s| serde_json::Value::String(s.to_string()))
                                .collect();

                            if !enum_values.is_empty() {
                                schema_entry
                                    .insert("type".to_string(), serde_json::json!("string"));
                                schema_entry.insert(
                                    "enum".to_string(),
                                    serde_json::Value::Array(enum_values),
                                );
                            }
                        } else if value_type.starts_with("list[") {
                            schema_entry.insert("type".to_string(), serde_json::json!("array"));
                            if let Some(item_type) = value_type
                                .strip_prefix("list[")
                                .and_then(|s| s.strip_suffix(']'))
                            {
                                let json_type = match item_type {
                                    "str" => "string",
                                    "int" => "integer",
                                    "bool" => "boolean",
                                    _ => "string",
                                };
                                schema_entry.insert(
                                    "items".to_string(),
                                    serde_json::json!({"type": json_type}),
                                );
                            }
                        } else if value_type.starts_with("dict[") {
                            schema_entry.insert("type".to_string(), serde_json::json!("object"));
                        } else {
                            let json_type = match value_type {
                                "bool" => "boolean",
                                "int" | "usize" => "integer",
                                "str" => "string",
                                _ => "string",
                            };
                            schema_entry.insert(
                                "type".to_string(),
                                serde_json::Value::String(json_type.to_string()),
                            );
                        }
                    }

                    current.insert(part.to_string(), serde_json::Value::Object(schema_entry));
                } else {
                    let next_current = current
                        .entry(part.to_string())
                        .or_insert_with(|| {
                            serde_json::json!({
                                "type": "object",
                                "properties": {}
                            })
                        })
                        .as_object_mut()
                        .expect("should be an object")
                        .entry("properties")
                        .or_insert_with(|| serde_json::json!({}))
                        .as_object_mut()
                        .expect("properties should be an object");

                    current = next_current;
                }
            }
        }

        serde_json::json!({
            "type": "object",
            "properties": root_properties
        })
    }
}

#[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
impl RuffLspAdapter {
    const GITHUB_ASSET_KIND: AssetKind = AssetKind::TarGz;
    const ARCH_SERVER_NAME: &str = "apple-darwin";
}

#[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
impl RuffLspAdapter {
    const GITHUB_ASSET_KIND: AssetKind = AssetKind::TarGz;
    const ARCH_SERVER_NAME: &str = "unknown-linux-gnu";
}

#[cfg(target_os = "freebsd")]
impl RuffLspAdapter {
    const GITHUB_ASSET_KIND: AssetKind = AssetKind::TarGz;
    const ARCH_SERVER_NAME: &str = "unknown-freebsd";
}

#[cfg(target_os = "windows")]
impl RuffLspAdapter {
    const GITHUB_ASSET_KIND: AssetKind = AssetKind::Zip;
    const ARCH_SERVER_NAME: &str = "pc-windows-msvc";
}

impl RuffLspAdapter {
    const SERVER_NAME: LanguageServerName = LanguageServerName::new_static("ruff");

    pub fn new(fs: Arc<dyn Fs>) -> RuffLspAdapter {
        RuffLspAdapter { fs }
    }

    fn build_asset_name() -> Result<(String, String)> {
        let arch = match consts::ARCH {
            "x86" => "i686",
            _ => consts::ARCH,
        };
        let os = Self::ARCH_SERVER_NAME;
        let suffix = match consts::OS {
            "windows" => "zip",
            _ => "tar.gz",
        };
        let asset_name = format!("ruff-{arch}-{os}.{suffix}");
        let asset_stem = format!("ruff-{arch}-{os}");
        Ok((asset_stem, asset_name))
    }
}

#[async_trait(?Send)]
impl LspAdapter for RuffLspAdapter {
    fn name(&self) -> LanguageServerName {
        Self::SERVER_NAME
    }

    async fn initialization_options_schema(
        self: Arc<Self>,
        delegate: &Arc<dyn LspAdapterDelegate>,
        cached_binary: OwnedMutexGuard<Option<(bool, LanguageServerBinary)>>,
        cx: &mut AsyncApp,
    ) -> Option<serde_json::Value> {
        let binary = self
            .get_language_server_command(
                delegate.clone(),
                None,
                LanguageServerBinaryOptions {
                    allow_path_lookup: true,
                    allow_binary_download: false,
                    pre_release: false,
                },
                cached_binary,
                cx.clone(),
            )
            .await
            .0
            .ok()?;

        let mut command = util::command::new_command(&binary.path);
        command
            .args(&["config", "--output-format", "json"])
            .stdout(Stdio::piped())
            .stderr(Stdio::piped());
        let cmd = command
            .spawn()
            .map_err(|e| log::debug!("failed to spawn command {command:?}: {e}"))
            .ok()?;
        let output = cmd
            .output()
            .await
            .map_err(|e| log::debug!("failed to execute command {command:?}: {e}"))
            .ok()?;
        if !output.status.success() {
            return None;
        }

        let raw_schema: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_slice(output.stdout.as_slice())
            .map_err(|e| log::debug!("failed to parse ruff's JSON schema output: {e}"))
            .ok()?;

        let converted_schema = Self::convert_ruff_schema(&raw_schema);
        Some(converted_schema)
    }
}

impl LspInstaller for RuffLspAdapter {
    type BinaryVersion = GitHubLspBinaryVersion;
    async fn check_if_user_installed(
        &self,
        delegate: &dyn LspAdapterDelegate,
        toolchain: Option<Toolchain>,
        _: &AsyncApp,
    ) -> Option<LanguageServerBinary> {
        let ruff_in_venv = if let Some(toolchain) = toolchain
            && toolchain.language_name.as_ref() == "Python"
        {
            Path::new(toolchain.path.as_str())
                .parent()
                .map(|path| path.join("ruff"))
        } else {
            None
        };

        for path in ruff_in_venv.into_iter().chain(["ruff".into()]) {
            if let Some(ruff_bin) = delegate.which(path.as_os_str()).await {
                let env = delegate.shell_env().await;
                return Some(LanguageServerBinary {
                    path: ruff_bin,
                    env: Some(env),
                    arguments: vec!["server".into()],
                });
            }
        }

        None
    }

    async fn fetch_latest_server_version(
        &self,
        delegate: &dyn LspAdapterDelegate,
        _: bool,
        _: &mut AsyncApp,
    ) -> Result<GitHubLspBinaryVersion> {
        let release =
            latest_github_release("astral-sh/ruff", true, false, delegate.http_client()).await?;
        let (_, asset_name) = Self::build_asset_name()?;
        let asset = release
            .assets
            .into_iter()
            .find(|asset| asset.name == asset_name)
            .with_context(|| format!("no asset found matching `{asset_name:?}`"))?;
        Ok(GitHubLspBinaryVersion {
            name: release.tag_name,
            url: asset.browser_download_url,
            digest: asset.digest,
        })
    }

    async fn fetch_server_binary(
        &self,
        latest_version: GitHubLspBinaryVersion,
        container_dir: PathBuf,
        delegate: &dyn LspAdapterDelegate,
    ) -> Result<LanguageServerBinary> {
        let GitHubLspBinaryVersion {
            name,
            url,
            digest: expected_digest,
        } = latest_version;
        let destination_path = container_dir.join(format!("ruff-{name}"));
        let server_path = match Self::GITHUB_ASSET_KIND {
            AssetKind::TarGz | AssetKind::TarBz2 | AssetKind::Gz => destination_path
                .join(Self::build_asset_name()?.0)
                .join("ruff"),
            AssetKind::Zip => destination_path.clone().join("ruff.exe"),
        };

        let binary = LanguageServerBinary {
            path: server_path.clone(),
            env: None,
            arguments: vec!["server".into()],
        };

        let metadata_path = destination_path.with_extension("metadata");
        let metadata = GithubBinaryMetadata::read_from_file(&metadata_path)
            .await
            .ok();
        if let Some(metadata) = metadata {
            let validity_check = async || {
                delegate
                    .try_exec(LanguageServerBinary {
                        path: server_path.clone(),
                        arguments: vec!["--version".into()],
                        env: None,
                    })
                    .await
                    .inspect_err(|err| {
                        log::warn!("Unable to run {server_path:?} asset, redownloading: {err:#}",)
                    })
            };
            if let (Some(actual_digest), Some(expected_digest)) =
                (&metadata.digest, &expected_digest)
            {
                if actual_digest == expected_digest {
                    if validity_check().await.is_ok() {
                        return Ok(binary);
                    }
                } else {
                    log::info!(
                        "SHA-256 mismatch for {destination_path:?} asset, downloading new asset. Expected: {expected_digest}, Got: {actual_digest}"
                    );
                }
            } else if validity_check().await.is_ok() {
                return Ok(binary);
            }
        }

        download_server_binary(
            &*delegate.http_client(),
            &url,
            expected_digest.as_deref(),
            &destination_path,
            Self::GITHUB_ASSET_KIND,
        )
        .await?;
        make_file_executable(&server_path).await?;
        remove_matching(&container_dir, |path| path != destination_path).await;
        GithubBinaryMetadata::write_to_file(
            &GithubBinaryMetadata {
                metadata_version: 1,
                digest: expected_digest,
            },
            &metadata_path,
        )
        .await?;

        Ok(LanguageServerBinary {
            path: server_path,
            env: None,
            arguments: vec!["server".into()],
        })
    }

    async fn cached_server_binary(
        &self,
        container_dir: PathBuf,
        _: &dyn LspAdapterDelegate,
    ) -> Option<LanguageServerBinary> {
        maybe!(async {
            let mut last = None;
            let mut entries = self.fs.read_dir(&container_dir).await?;
            while let Some(entry) = entries.next().await {
                let path = entry?;
                if path.extension().is_some_and(|ext| ext == "metadata") {
                    continue;
                }
                last = Some(path);
            }

            let path = last.context("no cached binary")?;
            let path = match Self::GITHUB_ASSET_KIND {
                AssetKind::TarGz | AssetKind::TarBz2 | AssetKind::Gz => {
                    path.join(Self::build_asset_name()?.0).join("ruff")
                }
                AssetKind::Zip => path.join("ruff.exe"),
            };

            anyhow::Ok(LanguageServerBinary {
                path,
                env: None,
                arguments: vec!["server".into()],
            })
        })
        .await
        .log_err()
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use gpui::{AppContext as _, BorrowAppContext, Context, TestAppContext};
    use language::{AutoindentMode, Buffer};
    use settings::SettingsStore;
    use std::num::NonZeroU32;

    use crate::python::python_module_name_from_relative_path;

    #[gpui::test]
    async fn test_conda_activation_script_injection(cx: &mut TestAppContext) {
        use language::{LanguageName, Toolchain, ToolchainLister};
        use settings::{CondaManager, VenvSettings};
        use task::ShellKind;

        use crate::python::PythonToolchainProvider;

        cx.executor().allow_parking();

        cx.update(|cx| {
            let test_settings = SettingsStore::test(cx);
            cx.set_global(test_settings);
            cx.update_global::<SettingsStore, _>(|store, cx| {
                store.update_user_settings(cx, |s| {
                    s.terminal
                        .get_or_insert_with(Default::default)
                        .project
                        .detect_venv = Some(VenvSettings::On {
                        activate_script: None,
                        venv_name: None,
                        directories: None,
                        conda_manager: Some(CondaManager::Conda),
                    });
                });
            });
        });

        let provider = PythonToolchainProvider;
        let malicious_name = "foo; rm -rf /";

        let manager_executable = std::env::current_exe().unwrap();

        let data = serde_json::json!({
            "name": malicious_name,
            "kind": "Conda",
            "executable": "/tmp/conda/bin/python",
            "version": serde_json::Value::Null,
            "prefix": serde_json::Value::Null,
            "arch": serde_json::Value::Null,
            "displayName": serde_json::Value::Null,
            "project": serde_json::Value::Null,
            "symlinks": serde_json::Value::Null,
            "manager": {
                "executable": manager_executable,
                "version": serde_json::Value::Null,
                "tool": "Conda",
            },
        });

        let toolchain = Toolchain {
            name: "test".into(),
            path: "/tmp/conda".into(),
            language_name: LanguageName::new_static("Python"),
            as_json: data,
        };

        let script = cx
            .update(|cx| provider.activation_script(&toolchain, ShellKind::Posix, cx))
            .await;

        assert!(
            script
                .iter()
                .any(|s| s.contains("conda activate 'foo; rm -rf /'")),
            "Script should contain quoted malicious name, actual: {:?}",
            script
        );
    }

    #[gpui::test]
    async fn test_python_autoindent(cx: &mut TestAppContext) {
        cx.executor().set_block_on_ticks(usize::MAX..=usize::MAX);
        let language = crate::language("python", tree_sitter_python::LANGUAGE.into());
        cx.update(|cx| {
            let test_settings = SettingsStore::test(cx);
            cx.set_global(test_settings);
            cx.update_global::<SettingsStore, _>(|store, cx| {
                store.update_user_settings(cx, |s| {
                    s.project.all_languages.defaults.tab_size = NonZeroU32::new(2);
                });
            });
        });

        cx.new(|cx| {
            let mut buffer = Buffer::local("", cx).with_language(language, cx);
            let append = |buffer: &mut Buffer, text: &str, cx: &mut Context<Buffer>| {
                let ix = buffer.len();
                buffer.edit([(ix..ix, text)], Some(AutoindentMode::EachLine), cx);
            };

            // indent after "def():"
            append(&mut buffer, "def a():\n", cx);
            assert_eq!(buffer.text(), "def a():\n  ");

            // preserve indent after blank line
            append(&mut buffer, "\n  ", cx);
            assert_eq!(buffer.text(), "def a():\n  \n  ");

            // indent after "if"
            append(&mut buffer, "if a:\n  ", cx);
            assert_eq!(buffer.text(), "def a():\n  \n  if a:\n    ");

            // preserve indent after statement
            append(&mut buffer, "b()\n", cx);
            assert_eq!(buffer.text(), "def a():\n  \n  if a:\n    b()\n    ");

            // preserve indent after statement
            append(&mut buffer, "else", cx);
            assert_eq!(buffer.text(), "def a():\n  \n  if a:\n    b()\n    else");

            // dedent "else""
            append(&mut buffer, ":", cx);
            assert_eq!(buffer.text(), "def a():\n  \n  if a:\n    b()\n  else:");

            // indent lines after else
            append(&mut buffer, "\n", cx);
            assert_eq!(
                buffer.text(),
                "def a():\n  \n  if a:\n    b()\n  else:\n    "
            );

            // indent after an open paren. the closing paren is not indented
            // because there is another token before it on the same line.
            append(&mut buffer, "foo(\n1)", cx);
            assert_eq!(
                buffer.text(),
                "def a():\n  \n  if a:\n    b()\n  else:\n    foo(\n      1)"
            );

            // dedent the closing paren if it is shifted to the beginning of the line
            let argument_ix = buffer.text().find('1').unwrap();
            buffer.edit(
                [(argument_ix..argument_ix + 1, "")],
                Some(AutoindentMode::EachLine),
                cx,
            );
            assert_eq!(
                buffer.text(),
                "def a():\n  \n  if a:\n    b()\n  else:\n    foo(\n    )"
            );

            // preserve indent after the close paren
            append(&mut buffer, "\n", cx);
            assert_eq!(
                buffer.text(),
                "def a():\n  \n  if a:\n    b()\n  else:\n    foo(\n    )\n    "
            );

            // manually outdent the last line
            let end_whitespace_ix = buffer.len() - 4;
            buffer.edit(
                [(end_whitespace_ix..buffer.len(), "")],
                Some(AutoindentMode::EachLine),
                cx,
            );
            assert_eq!(
                buffer.text(),
                "def a():\n  \n  if a:\n    b()\n  else:\n    foo(\n    )\n"
            );

            // preserve the newly reduced indentation on the next newline
            append(&mut buffer, "\n", cx);
            assert_eq!(
                buffer.text(),
                "def a():\n  \n  if a:\n    b()\n  else:\n    foo(\n    )\n\n"
            );

            // reset to a for loop statement
            let statement = "for i in range(10):\n  print(i)\n";
            buffer.edit([(0..buffer.len(), statement)], None, cx);

            // insert single line comment after each line
            let eol_ixs = statement
                .char_indices()
                .filter_map(|(ix, c)| if c == '\n' { Some(ix) } else { None })
                .collect::<Vec<usize>>();
            let editions = eol_ixs
                .iter()
                .enumerate()
                .map(|(i, &eol_ix)| (eol_ix..eol_ix, format!(" # comment {}", i + 1)))
                .collect::<Vec<(std::ops::Range<usize>, String)>>();
            buffer.edit(editions, Some(AutoindentMode::EachLine), cx);
            assert_eq!(
                buffer.text(),
                "for i in range(10): # comment 1\n  print(i) # comment 2\n"
            );

            // reset to a simple if statement
            buffer.edit([(0..buffer.len(), "if a:\n  b(\n  )")], None, cx);

            // dedent "else" on the line after a closing paren
            append(&mut buffer, "\n  else:\n", cx);
            assert_eq!(buffer.text(), "if a:\n  b(\n  )\nelse:\n  ");

            buffer
        });
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_python_module_name_from_relative_path() {
        assert_eq!(
            python_module_name_from_relative_path("foo/bar.py"),
            Some("foo.bar".to_string())
        );
        assert_eq!(
            python_module_name_from_relative_path("foo/bar"),
            Some("foo.bar".to_string())
        );
        if cfg!(windows) {
            assert_eq!(
                python_module_name_from_relative_path("foo\\bar.py"),
                Some("foo.bar".to_string())
            );
            assert_eq!(
                python_module_name_from_relative_path("foo\\bar"),
                Some("foo.bar".to_string())
            );
        } else {
            assert_eq!(
                python_module_name_from_relative_path("foo\\bar.py"),
                Some("foo\\bar".to_string())
            );
            assert_eq!(
                python_module_name_from_relative_path("foo\\bar"),
                Some("foo\\bar".to_string())
            );
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_convert_ruff_schema() {
        use super::RuffLspAdapter;

        let raw_schema = serde_json::json!({
            "line-length": {
                "doc": "The line length to use when enforcing long-lines violations",
                "default": "88",
                "value_type": "int",
                "scope": null,
                "example": "line-length = 120",
                "deprecated": null
            },
            "lint.select": {
                "doc": "A list of rule codes or prefixes to enable",
                "default": "[\"E4\", \"E7\", \"E9\", \"F\"]",
                "value_type": "list[RuleSelector]",
                "scope": null,
                "example": "select = [\"E4\", \"E7\", \"E9\", \"F\", \"B\", \"Q\"]",
                "deprecated": null
            },
            "lint.isort.case-sensitive": {
                "doc": "Sort imports taking into account case sensitivity.",
                "default": "false",
                "value_type": "bool",
                "scope": null,
                "example": "case-sensitive = true",
                "deprecated": null
            },
            "format.quote-style": {
                "doc": "Configures the preferred quote character for strings.",
                "default": "\"double\"",
                "value_type": "\"double\" | \"single\" | \"preserve\"",
                "scope": null,
                "example": "quote-style = \"single\"",
                "deprecated": null
            }
        });

        let converted = RuffLspAdapter::convert_ruff_schema(&raw_schema);

        assert!(converted.is_object());
        assert_eq!(
            converted.get("type").and_then(|v| v.as_str()),
            Some("object")
        );

        let properties = converted
            .get("properties")
            .expect("should have properties")
            .as_object()
            .expect("properties should be an object");

        assert!(properties.contains_key("line-length"));
        assert!(properties.contains_key("lint"));
        assert!(properties.contains_key("format"));

        let line_length = properties
            .get("line-length")
            .expect("should have line-length")
            .as_object()
            .expect("line-length should be an object");

        assert_eq!(
            line_length.get("type").and_then(|v| v.as_str()),
            Some("integer")
        );
        assert_eq!(
            line_length.get("default").and_then(|v| v.as_str()),
            Some("88")
        );

        let lint = properties
            .get("lint")
            .expect("should have lint")
            .as_object()
            .expect("lint should be an object");

        let lint_props = lint
            .get("properties")
            .expect("lint should have properties")
            .as_object()
            .expect("lint properties should be an object");

        assert!(lint_props.contains_key("select"));
        assert!(lint_props.contains_key("isort"));

        let select = lint_props.get("select").expect("should have select");
        assert_eq!(select.get("type").and_then(|v| v.as_str()), Some("array"));

        let isort = lint_props
            .get("isort")
            .expect("should have isort")
            .as_object()
            .expect("isort should be an object");

        let isort_props = isort
            .get("properties")
            .expect("isort should have properties")
            .as_object()
            .expect("isort properties should be an object");

        let case_sensitive = isort_props
            .get("case-sensitive")
            .expect("should have case-sensitive");

        assert_eq!(
            case_sensitive.get("type").and_then(|v| v.as_str()),
            Some("boolean")
        );
        assert!(case_sensitive.get("markdownDescription").is_some());

        let format = properties
            .get("format")
            .expect("should have format")
            .as_object()
            .expect("format should be an object");

        let format_props = format
            .get("properties")
            .expect("format should have properties")
            .as_object()
            .expect("format properties should be an object");

        let quote_style = format_props
            .get("quote-style")
            .expect("should have quote-style");

        assert_eq!(
            quote_style.get("type").and_then(|v| v.as_str()),
            Some("string")
        );

        let enum_values = quote_style
            .get("enum")
            .expect("should have enum")
            .as_array()
            .expect("enum should be an array");

        assert_eq!(enum_values.len(), 3);
        assert!(enum_values.contains(&serde_json::json!("double")));
        assert!(enum_values.contains(&serde_json::json!("single")));
        assert!(enum_values.contains(&serde_json::json!("preserve")));
    }
}