window.rs

   1use crate::{
   2    px, size, transparent_black, Action, AnyDrag, AnyView, AppContext, Arena, AsyncWindowContext,
   3    AvailableSpace, Bounds, Context, Corners, CursorStyle, DispatchActionListener, DispatchNodeId,
   4    DispatchTree, DisplayId, Edges, Effect, Entity, EntityId, EventEmitter, FileDropEvent, Flatten,
   5    Global, GlobalElementId, Hsla, KeyBinding, KeyContext, KeyDownEvent, KeyMatch, KeymatchResult,
   6    Keystroke, KeystrokeEvent, Model, ModelContext, Modifiers, MouseButton, MouseMoveEvent,
   7    MouseUpEvent, Pixels, PlatformAtlas, PlatformDisplay, PlatformInput, PlatformWindow, Point,
   8    PromptLevel, Render, ScaledPixels, SharedString, Size, SubscriberSet, Subscription,
   9    TaffyLayoutEngine, Task, View, VisualContext, WeakView, WindowAppearance, WindowBounds,
  10    WindowOptions, WindowTextSystem,
  11};
  12use anyhow::{anyhow, Context as _, Result};
  13use collections::FxHashSet;
  14use derive_more::{Deref, DerefMut};
  15use futures::{
  16    channel::{mpsc, oneshot},
  17    StreamExt,
  18};
  19use parking_lot::RwLock;
  20use slotmap::SlotMap;
  21use smallvec::SmallVec;
  22use std::{
  23    any::{Any, TypeId},
  24    borrow::{Borrow, BorrowMut},
  25    cell::{Cell, RefCell},
  26    collections::hash_map::Entry,
  27    fmt::{Debug, Display},
  28    future::Future,
  29    hash::{Hash, Hasher},
  30    marker::PhantomData,
  31    mem,
  32    rc::Rc,
  33    sync::{
  34        atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering::SeqCst},
  35        Arc,
  36    },
  37    time::{Duration, Instant},
  38};
  39use util::{measure, ResultExt};
  40
  41mod element_cx;
  42pub use element_cx::*;
  43
  44const ACTIVE_DRAG_Z_INDEX: u16 = 1;
  45
  46/// A global stacking order, which is created by stacking successive z-index values.
  47/// Each z-index will always be interpreted in the context of its parent z-index.
  48#[derive(Debug, Deref, DerefMut, Clone, Ord, PartialOrd, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]
  49pub struct StackingOrder(SmallVec<[StackingContext; 64]>);
  50
  51/// A single entry in a primitive's z-index stacking order
  52#[derive(Clone, Ord, PartialOrd, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]
  53pub struct StackingContext {
  54    pub(crate) z_index: u16,
  55    pub(crate) id: u16,
  56}
  57
  58impl std::fmt::Debug for StackingContext {
  59    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
  60        write!(f, "{{{}.{}}} ", self.z_index, self.id)
  61    }
  62}
  63
  64/// Represents the two different phases when dispatching events.
  65#[derive(Default, Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
  66pub enum DispatchPhase {
  67    /// After the capture phase comes the bubble phase, in which mouse event listeners are
  68    /// invoked front to back and keyboard event listeners are invoked from the focused element
  69    /// to the root of the element tree. This is the phase you'll most commonly want to use when
  70    /// registering event listeners.
  71    #[default]
  72    Bubble,
  73    /// During the initial capture phase, mouse event listeners are invoked back to front, and keyboard
  74    /// listeners are invoked from the root of the tree downward toward the focused element. This phase
  75    /// is used for special purposes such as clearing the "pressed" state for click events. If
  76    /// you stop event propagation during this phase, you need to know what you're doing. Handlers
  77    /// outside of the immediate region may rely on detecting non-local events during this phase.
  78    Capture,
  79}
  80
  81impl DispatchPhase {
  82    /// Returns true if this represents the "bubble" phase.
  83    pub fn bubble(self) -> bool {
  84        self == DispatchPhase::Bubble
  85    }
  86
  87    /// Returns true if this represents the "capture" phase.
  88    pub fn capture(self) -> bool {
  89        self == DispatchPhase::Capture
  90    }
  91}
  92
  93type AnyObserver = Box<dyn FnMut(&mut WindowContext) -> bool + 'static>;
  94
  95type AnyWindowFocusListener = Box<dyn FnMut(&FocusEvent, &mut WindowContext) -> bool + 'static>;
  96
  97struct FocusEvent {
  98    previous_focus_path: SmallVec<[FocusId; 8]>,
  99    current_focus_path: SmallVec<[FocusId; 8]>,
 100}
 101
 102slotmap::new_key_type! {
 103    /// A globally unique identifier for a focusable element.
 104    pub struct FocusId;
 105}
 106
 107thread_local! {
 108    pub(crate) static ELEMENT_ARENA: RefCell<Arena> = RefCell::new(Arena::new(8 * 1024 * 1024));
 109}
 110
 111impl FocusId {
 112    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle is currently focused.
 113    pub fn is_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 114        cx.window.focus == Some(*self)
 115    }
 116
 117    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle contains the focused
 118    /// element or is itself focused.
 119    pub fn contains_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 120        cx.focused()
 121            .map_or(false, |focused| self.contains(focused.id, cx))
 122    }
 123
 124    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle is contained within the
 125    /// focused element or is itself focused.
 126    pub fn within_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 127        let focused = cx.focused();
 128        focused.map_or(false, |focused| focused.id.contains(*self, cx))
 129    }
 130
 131    /// Obtains whether this handle contains the given handle in the most recently rendered frame.
 132    pub(crate) fn contains(&self, other: Self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 133        cx.window
 134            .rendered_frame
 135            .dispatch_tree
 136            .focus_contains(*self, other)
 137    }
 138}
 139
 140/// A handle which can be used to track and manipulate the focused element in a window.
 141pub struct FocusHandle {
 142    pub(crate) id: FocusId,
 143    handles: Arc<RwLock<SlotMap<FocusId, AtomicUsize>>>,
 144}
 145
 146impl std::fmt::Debug for FocusHandle {
 147    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
 148        f.write_fmt(format_args!("FocusHandle({:?})", self.id))
 149    }
 150}
 151
 152impl FocusHandle {
 153    pub(crate) fn new(handles: &Arc<RwLock<SlotMap<FocusId, AtomicUsize>>>) -> Self {
 154        let id = handles.write().insert(AtomicUsize::new(1));
 155        Self {
 156            id,
 157            handles: handles.clone(),
 158        }
 159    }
 160
 161    pub(crate) fn for_id(
 162        id: FocusId,
 163        handles: &Arc<RwLock<SlotMap<FocusId, AtomicUsize>>>,
 164    ) -> Option<Self> {
 165        let lock = handles.read();
 166        let ref_count = lock.get(id)?;
 167        if ref_count.load(SeqCst) == 0 {
 168            None
 169        } else {
 170            ref_count.fetch_add(1, SeqCst);
 171            Some(Self {
 172                id,
 173                handles: handles.clone(),
 174            })
 175        }
 176    }
 177
 178    /// Moves the focus to the element associated with this handle.
 179    pub fn focus(&self, cx: &mut WindowContext) {
 180        cx.focus(self)
 181    }
 182
 183    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle is currently focused.
 184    pub fn is_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 185        self.id.is_focused(cx)
 186    }
 187
 188    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle contains the focused
 189    /// element or is itself focused.
 190    pub fn contains_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 191        self.id.contains_focused(cx)
 192    }
 193
 194    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle is contained within the
 195    /// focused element or is itself focused.
 196    pub fn within_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 197        self.id.within_focused(cx)
 198    }
 199
 200    /// Obtains whether this handle contains the given handle in the most recently rendered frame.
 201    pub fn contains(&self, other: &Self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 202        self.id.contains(other.id, cx)
 203    }
 204}
 205
 206impl Clone for FocusHandle {
 207    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
 208        Self::for_id(self.id, &self.handles).unwrap()
 209    }
 210}
 211
 212impl PartialEq for FocusHandle {
 213    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
 214        self.id == other.id
 215    }
 216}
 217
 218impl Eq for FocusHandle {}
 219
 220impl Drop for FocusHandle {
 221    fn drop(&mut self) {
 222        self.handles
 223            .read()
 224            .get(self.id)
 225            .unwrap()
 226            .fetch_sub(1, SeqCst);
 227    }
 228}
 229
 230/// FocusableView allows users of your view to easily
 231/// focus it (using cx.focus_view(view))
 232pub trait FocusableView: 'static + Render {
 233    /// Returns the focus handle associated with this view.
 234    fn focus_handle(&self, cx: &AppContext) -> FocusHandle;
 235}
 236
 237/// ManagedView is a view (like a Modal, Popover, Menu, etc.)
 238/// where the lifecycle of the view is handled by another view.
 239pub trait ManagedView: FocusableView + EventEmitter<DismissEvent> {}
 240
 241impl<M: FocusableView + EventEmitter<DismissEvent>> ManagedView for M {}
 242
 243/// Emitted by implementers of [`ManagedView`] to indicate the view should be dismissed, such as when a view is presented as a modal.
 244pub struct DismissEvent;
 245
 246// Holds the state for a specific window.
 247#[doc(hidden)]
 248pub struct Window {
 249    pub(crate) handle: AnyWindowHandle,
 250    pub(crate) removed: bool,
 251    pub(crate) platform_window: Box<dyn PlatformWindow>,
 252    display_id: DisplayId,
 253    sprite_atlas: Arc<dyn PlatformAtlas>,
 254    text_system: Arc<WindowTextSystem>,
 255    pub(crate) rem_size: Pixels,
 256    pub(crate) viewport_size: Size<Pixels>,
 257    layout_engine: Option<TaffyLayoutEngine>,
 258    pub(crate) root_view: Option<AnyView>,
 259    pub(crate) element_id_stack: GlobalElementId,
 260    pub(crate) rendered_frame: Frame,
 261    pub(crate) next_frame: Frame,
 262    pub(crate) dirty_views: FxHashSet<EntityId>,
 263    pub(crate) focus_handles: Arc<RwLock<SlotMap<FocusId, AtomicUsize>>>,
 264    focus_listeners: SubscriberSet<(), AnyWindowFocusListener>,
 265    focus_lost_listeners: SubscriberSet<(), AnyObserver>,
 266    default_prevented: bool,
 267    mouse_position: Point<Pixels>,
 268    modifiers: Modifiers,
 269    scale_factor: f32,
 270    bounds: WindowBounds,
 271    bounds_observers: SubscriberSet<(), AnyObserver>,
 272    appearance: WindowAppearance,
 273    appearance_observers: SubscriberSet<(), AnyObserver>,
 274    active: bool,
 275    pub(crate) dirty: Rc<Cell<bool>>,
 276    pub(crate) last_input_timestamp: Rc<Cell<Instant>>,
 277    pub(crate) refreshing: bool,
 278    pub(crate) drawing: bool,
 279    activation_observers: SubscriberSet<(), AnyObserver>,
 280    pub(crate) focus: Option<FocusId>,
 281    focus_enabled: bool,
 282    pending_input: Option<PendingInput>,
 283}
 284
 285#[derive(Default, Debug)]
 286struct PendingInput {
 287    keystrokes: SmallVec<[Keystroke; 1]>,
 288    bindings: SmallVec<[KeyBinding; 1]>,
 289    focus: Option<FocusId>,
 290    timer: Option<Task<()>>,
 291}
 292
 293impl PendingInput {
 294    fn input(&self) -> String {
 295        self.keystrokes
 296            .iter()
 297            .flat_map(|k| k.ime_key.clone())
 298            .collect::<Vec<String>>()
 299            .join("")
 300    }
 301
 302    fn used_by_binding(&self, binding: &KeyBinding) -> bool {
 303        if self.keystrokes.is_empty() {
 304            return true;
 305        }
 306        let keystroke = &self.keystrokes[0];
 307        for candidate in keystroke.match_candidates() {
 308            if binding.match_keystrokes(&[candidate]) == KeyMatch::Pending {
 309                return true;
 310            }
 311        }
 312        false
 313    }
 314}
 315
 316pub(crate) struct ElementStateBox {
 317    pub(crate) inner: Box<dyn Any>,
 318    pub(crate) parent_view_id: EntityId,
 319    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
 320    pub(crate) type_name: &'static str,
 321}
 322
 323impl Window {
 324    pub(crate) fn new(
 325        handle: AnyWindowHandle,
 326        options: WindowOptions,
 327        cx: &mut AppContext,
 328    ) -> Self {
 329        let platform_window = cx.platform.open_window(handle, options);
 330        let display_id = platform_window.display().id();
 331        let sprite_atlas = platform_window.sprite_atlas();
 332        let mouse_position = platform_window.mouse_position();
 333        let modifiers = platform_window.modifiers();
 334        let content_size = platform_window.content_size();
 335        let scale_factor = platform_window.scale_factor();
 336        let bounds = platform_window.bounds();
 337        let appearance = platform_window.appearance();
 338        let text_system = Arc::new(WindowTextSystem::new(cx.text_system().clone()));
 339        let dirty = Rc::new(Cell::new(true));
 340        let last_input_timestamp = Rc::new(Cell::new(Instant::now()));
 341
 342        platform_window.on_request_frame(Box::new({
 343            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 344            let dirty = dirty.clone();
 345            let last_input_timestamp = last_input_timestamp.clone();
 346            move || {
 347                if dirty.get() {
 348                    measure("frame duration", || {
 349                        handle
 350                            .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| {
 351                                cx.draw();
 352                                cx.present();
 353                            })
 354                            .log_err();
 355                    })
 356                } else if last_input_timestamp.get().elapsed() < Duration::from_secs(1) {
 357                    // Keep presenting the current scene for 1 extra second since the
 358                    // last input to prevent the display from underclocking the refresh rate.
 359                    handle.update(&mut cx, |_, cx| cx.present()).log_err();
 360                }
 361            }
 362        }));
 363        platform_window.on_resize(Box::new({
 364            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 365            move |_, _| {
 366                handle
 367                    .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| cx.window_bounds_changed())
 368                    .log_err();
 369            }
 370        }));
 371        platform_window.on_moved(Box::new({
 372            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 373            move || {
 374                handle
 375                    .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| cx.window_bounds_changed())
 376                    .log_err();
 377            }
 378        }));
 379        platform_window.on_appearance_changed(Box::new({
 380            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 381            move || {
 382                handle
 383                    .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| cx.appearance_changed())
 384                    .log_err();
 385            }
 386        }));
 387        platform_window.on_active_status_change(Box::new({
 388            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 389            move |active| {
 390                handle
 391                    .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| {
 392                        cx.window.active = active;
 393                        cx.window
 394                            .activation_observers
 395                            .clone()
 396                            .retain(&(), |callback| callback(cx));
 397                    })
 398                    .log_err();
 399            }
 400        }));
 401
 402        platform_window.on_input({
 403            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 404            Box::new(move |event| {
 405                handle
 406                    .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| cx.dispatch_event(event))
 407                    .log_err()
 408                    .unwrap_or(false)
 409            })
 410        });
 411
 412        Window {
 413            handle,
 414            removed: false,
 415            platform_window,
 416            display_id,
 417            sprite_atlas,
 418            text_system,
 419            rem_size: px(16.),
 420            viewport_size: content_size,
 421            layout_engine: Some(TaffyLayoutEngine::new()),
 422            root_view: None,
 423            element_id_stack: GlobalElementId::default(),
 424            rendered_frame: Frame::new(DispatchTree::new(cx.keymap.clone(), cx.actions.clone())),
 425            next_frame: Frame::new(DispatchTree::new(cx.keymap.clone(), cx.actions.clone())),
 426            dirty_views: FxHashSet::default(),
 427            focus_handles: Arc::new(RwLock::new(SlotMap::with_key())),
 428            focus_listeners: SubscriberSet::new(),
 429            focus_lost_listeners: SubscriberSet::new(),
 430            default_prevented: true,
 431            mouse_position,
 432            modifiers,
 433            scale_factor,
 434            bounds,
 435            bounds_observers: SubscriberSet::new(),
 436            appearance,
 437            appearance_observers: SubscriberSet::new(),
 438            active: false,
 439            dirty,
 440            last_input_timestamp,
 441            refreshing: false,
 442            drawing: false,
 443            activation_observers: SubscriberSet::new(),
 444            focus: None,
 445            focus_enabled: true,
 446            pending_input: None,
 447        }
 448    }
 449}
 450
 451/// Indicates which region of the window is visible. Content falling outside of this mask will not be
 452/// rendered. Currently, only rectangular content masks are supported, but we give the mask its own type
 453/// to leave room to support more complex shapes in the future.
 454#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
 455#[repr(C)]
 456pub struct ContentMask<P: Clone + Default + Debug> {
 457    /// The bounds
 458    pub bounds: Bounds<P>,
 459}
 460
 461impl ContentMask<Pixels> {
 462    /// Scale the content mask's pixel units by the given scaling factor.
 463    pub fn scale(&self, factor: f32) -> ContentMask<ScaledPixels> {
 464        ContentMask {
 465            bounds: self.bounds.scale(factor),
 466        }
 467    }
 468
 469    /// Intersect the content mask with the given content mask.
 470    pub fn intersect(&self, other: &Self) -> Self {
 471        let bounds = self.bounds.intersect(&other.bounds);
 472        ContentMask { bounds }
 473    }
 474}
 475
 476/// Provides access to application state in the context of a single window. Derefs
 477/// to an [`AppContext`], so you can also pass a [`WindowContext`] to any method that takes
 478/// an [`AppContext`] and call any [`AppContext`] methods.
 479pub struct WindowContext<'a> {
 480    pub(crate) app: &'a mut AppContext,
 481    pub(crate) window: &'a mut Window,
 482}
 483
 484impl<'a> WindowContext<'a> {
 485    pub(crate) fn new(app: &'a mut AppContext, window: &'a mut Window) -> Self {
 486        Self { app, window }
 487    }
 488
 489    /// Obtain a handle to the window that belongs to this context.
 490    pub fn window_handle(&self) -> AnyWindowHandle {
 491        self.window.handle
 492    }
 493
 494    /// Mark the window as dirty, scheduling it to be redrawn on the next frame.
 495    pub fn refresh(&mut self) {
 496        if !self.window.drawing {
 497            self.window.refreshing = true;
 498            self.window.dirty.set(true);
 499        }
 500    }
 501
 502    /// Close this window.
 503    pub fn remove_window(&mut self) {
 504        self.window.removed = true;
 505    }
 506
 507    /// Obtain a new [`FocusHandle`], which allows you to track and manipulate the keyboard focus
 508    /// for elements rendered within this window.
 509    pub fn focus_handle(&mut self) -> FocusHandle {
 510        FocusHandle::new(&self.window.focus_handles)
 511    }
 512
 513    /// Obtain the currently focused [`FocusHandle`]. If no elements are focused, returns `None`.
 514    pub fn focused(&self) -> Option<FocusHandle> {
 515        self.window
 516            .focus
 517            .and_then(|id| FocusHandle::for_id(id, &self.window.focus_handles))
 518    }
 519
 520    /// Move focus to the element associated with the given [`FocusHandle`].
 521    pub fn focus(&mut self, handle: &FocusHandle) {
 522        if !self.window.focus_enabled || self.window.focus == Some(handle.id) {
 523            return;
 524        }
 525
 526        self.window.focus = Some(handle.id);
 527        self.window
 528            .rendered_frame
 529            .dispatch_tree
 530            .clear_pending_keystrokes();
 531        self.refresh();
 532    }
 533
 534    /// Remove focus from all elements within this context's window.
 535    pub fn blur(&mut self) {
 536        if !self.window.focus_enabled {
 537            return;
 538        }
 539
 540        self.window.focus = None;
 541        self.refresh();
 542    }
 543
 544    /// Blur the window and don't allow anything in it to be focused again.
 545    pub fn disable_focus(&mut self) {
 546        self.blur();
 547        self.window.focus_enabled = false;
 548    }
 549
 550    /// Accessor for the text system.
 551    pub fn text_system(&self) -> &Arc<WindowTextSystem> {
 552        &self.window.text_system
 553    }
 554
 555    /// Dispatch the given action on the currently focused element.
 556    pub fn dispatch_action(&mut self, action: Box<dyn Action>) {
 557        let focus_handle = self.focused();
 558
 559        self.defer(move |cx| {
 560            let node_id = focus_handle
 561                .and_then(|handle| {
 562                    cx.window
 563                        .rendered_frame
 564                        .dispatch_tree
 565                        .focusable_node_id(handle.id)
 566                })
 567                .unwrap_or_else(|| cx.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.root_node_id());
 568
 569            cx.propagate_event = true;
 570            cx.dispatch_action_on_node(node_id, action);
 571        })
 572    }
 573
 574    pub(crate) fn dispatch_keystroke_observers(
 575        &mut self,
 576        event: &dyn Any,
 577        action: Option<Box<dyn Action>>,
 578    ) {
 579        let Some(key_down_event) = event.downcast_ref::<KeyDownEvent>() else {
 580            return;
 581        };
 582
 583        self.keystroke_observers
 584            .clone()
 585            .retain(&(), move |callback| {
 586                (callback)(
 587                    &KeystrokeEvent {
 588                        keystroke: key_down_event.keystroke.clone(),
 589                        action: action.as_ref().map(|action| action.boxed_clone()),
 590                    },
 591                    self,
 592                );
 593                true
 594            });
 595    }
 596
 597    pub(crate) fn clear_pending_keystrokes(&mut self) {
 598        self.window
 599            .rendered_frame
 600            .dispatch_tree
 601            .clear_pending_keystrokes();
 602        self.window
 603            .next_frame
 604            .dispatch_tree
 605            .clear_pending_keystrokes();
 606    }
 607
 608    /// Schedules the given function to be run at the end of the current effect cycle, allowing entities
 609    /// that are currently on the stack to be returned to the app.
 610    pub fn defer(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut WindowContext) + 'static) {
 611        let handle = self.window.handle;
 612        self.app.defer(move |cx| {
 613            handle.update(cx, |_, cx| f(cx)).ok();
 614        });
 615    }
 616
 617    /// Subscribe to events emitted by a model or view.
 618    /// The entity to which you're subscribing must implement the [`EventEmitter`] trait.
 619    /// The callback will be invoked a handle to the emitting entity (either a [`View`] or [`Model`]), the event, and a window context for the current window.
 620    pub fn subscribe<Emitter, E, Evt>(
 621        &mut self,
 622        entity: &E,
 623        mut on_event: impl FnMut(E, &Evt, &mut WindowContext<'_>) + 'static,
 624    ) -> Subscription
 625    where
 626        Emitter: EventEmitter<Evt>,
 627        E: Entity<Emitter>,
 628        Evt: 'static,
 629    {
 630        let entity_id = entity.entity_id();
 631        let entity = entity.downgrade();
 632        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
 633        let (subscription, activate) = self.app.event_listeners.insert(
 634            entity_id,
 635            (
 636                TypeId::of::<Evt>(),
 637                Box::new(move |event, cx| {
 638                    window_handle
 639                        .update(cx, |_, cx| {
 640                            if let Some(handle) = E::upgrade_from(&entity) {
 641                                let event = event.downcast_ref().expect("invalid event type");
 642                                on_event(handle, event, cx);
 643                                true
 644                            } else {
 645                                false
 646                            }
 647                        })
 648                        .unwrap_or(false)
 649                }),
 650            ),
 651        );
 652        self.app.defer(move |_| activate());
 653        subscription
 654    }
 655
 656    /// Creates an [`AsyncWindowContext`], which has a static lifetime and can be held across
 657    /// await points in async code.
 658    pub fn to_async(&self) -> AsyncWindowContext {
 659        AsyncWindowContext::new(self.app.to_async(), self.window.handle)
 660    }
 661
 662    /// Schedule the given closure to be run directly after the current frame is rendered.
 663    pub fn on_next_frame(&mut self, callback: impl FnOnce(&mut WindowContext) + 'static) {
 664        let handle = self.window.handle;
 665        let display_id = self.window.display_id;
 666
 667        let mut frame_consumers = std::mem::take(&mut self.app.frame_consumers);
 668        if let Entry::Vacant(e) = frame_consumers.entry(display_id) {
 669            let (tx, mut rx) = mpsc::unbounded::<()>();
 670            self.platform.set_display_link_output_callback(
 671                display_id,
 672                Box::new(move || _ = tx.unbounded_send(())),
 673            );
 674
 675            let consumer_task = self.app.spawn(|cx| async move {
 676                while rx.next().await.is_some() {
 677                    cx.update(|cx| {
 678                        for callback in cx
 679                            .next_frame_callbacks
 680                            .get_mut(&display_id)
 681                            .unwrap()
 682                            .drain(..)
 683                            .collect::<SmallVec<[_; 32]>>()
 684                        {
 685                            callback(cx);
 686                        }
 687                    })
 688                    .ok();
 689
 690                    // Flush effects, then stop the display link if no new next_frame_callbacks have been added.
 691
 692                    cx.update(|cx| {
 693                        if cx.next_frame_callbacks.is_empty() {
 694                            cx.platform.stop_display_link(display_id);
 695                        }
 696                    })
 697                    .ok();
 698                }
 699            });
 700            e.insert(consumer_task);
 701        }
 702        debug_assert!(self.app.frame_consumers.is_empty());
 703        self.app.frame_consumers = frame_consumers;
 704
 705        if self.next_frame_callbacks.is_empty() {
 706            self.platform.start_display_link(display_id);
 707        }
 708
 709        self.next_frame_callbacks
 710            .entry(display_id)
 711            .or_default()
 712            .push(Box::new(move |cx: &mut AppContext| {
 713                cx.update_window(handle, |_root_view, cx| callback(cx)).ok();
 714            }));
 715    }
 716
 717    /// Spawn the future returned by the given closure on the application thread pool.
 718    /// The closure is provided a handle to the current window and an `AsyncWindowContext` for
 719    /// use within your future.
 720    pub fn spawn<Fut, R>(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(AsyncWindowContext) -> Fut) -> Task<R>
 721    where
 722        R: 'static,
 723        Fut: Future<Output = R> + 'static,
 724    {
 725        self.app
 726            .spawn(|app| f(AsyncWindowContext::new(app, self.window.handle)))
 727    }
 728
 729    /// Updates the global of the given type. The given closure is given simultaneous mutable
 730    /// access both to the global and the context.
 731    pub fn update_global<G, R>(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut G, &mut Self) -> R) -> R
 732    where
 733        G: Global,
 734    {
 735        let mut global = self.app.lease_global::<G>();
 736        let result = f(&mut global, self);
 737        self.app.end_global_lease(global);
 738        result
 739    }
 740
 741    fn window_bounds_changed(&mut self) {
 742        self.window.scale_factor = self.window.platform_window.scale_factor();
 743        self.window.viewport_size = self.window.platform_window.content_size();
 744        self.window.bounds = self.window.platform_window.bounds();
 745        self.window.display_id = self.window.platform_window.display().id();
 746        self.refresh();
 747
 748        self.window
 749            .bounds_observers
 750            .clone()
 751            .retain(&(), |callback| callback(self));
 752    }
 753
 754    /// Returns the bounds of the current window in the global coordinate space, which could span across multiple displays.
 755    pub fn window_bounds(&self) -> WindowBounds {
 756        self.window.bounds
 757    }
 758
 759    fn appearance_changed(&mut self) {
 760        self.window.appearance = self.window.platform_window.appearance();
 761
 762        self.window
 763            .appearance_observers
 764            .clone()
 765            .retain(&(), |callback| callback(self));
 766    }
 767
 768    /// Returns the appearance of the current window.
 769    pub fn appearance(&self) -> WindowAppearance {
 770        self.window.appearance
 771    }
 772
 773    /// Returns the size of the drawable area within the window.
 774    pub fn viewport_size(&self) -> Size<Pixels> {
 775        self.window.viewport_size
 776    }
 777
 778    /// Returns whether this window is focused by the operating system (receiving key events).
 779    pub fn is_window_active(&self) -> bool {
 780        self.window.active
 781    }
 782
 783    /// Toggle zoom on the window.
 784    pub fn zoom_window(&self) {
 785        self.window.platform_window.zoom();
 786    }
 787
 788    /// Updates the window's title at the platform level.
 789    pub fn set_window_title(&mut self, title: &str) {
 790        self.window.platform_window.set_title(title);
 791    }
 792
 793    /// Mark the window as dirty at the platform level.
 794    pub fn set_window_edited(&mut self, edited: bool) {
 795        self.window.platform_window.set_edited(edited);
 796    }
 797
 798    /// Determine the display on which the window is visible.
 799    pub fn display(&self) -> Option<Rc<dyn PlatformDisplay>> {
 800        self.platform
 801            .displays()
 802            .into_iter()
 803            .find(|display| display.id() == self.window.display_id)
 804    }
 805
 806    /// Show the platform character palette.
 807    pub fn show_character_palette(&self) {
 808        self.window.platform_window.show_character_palette();
 809    }
 810
 811    /// The scale factor of the display associated with the window. For example, it could
 812    /// return 2.0 for a "retina" display, indicating that each logical pixel should actually
 813    /// be rendered as two pixels on screen.
 814    pub fn scale_factor(&self) -> f32 {
 815        self.window.scale_factor
 816    }
 817
 818    /// The size of an em for the base font of the application. Adjusting this value allows the
 819    /// UI to scale, just like zooming a web page.
 820    pub fn rem_size(&self) -> Pixels {
 821        self.window.rem_size
 822    }
 823
 824    /// Sets the size of an em for the base font of the application. Adjusting this value allows the
 825    /// UI to scale, just like zooming a web page.
 826    pub fn set_rem_size(&mut self, rem_size: impl Into<Pixels>) {
 827        self.window.rem_size = rem_size.into();
 828    }
 829
 830    /// The line height associated with the current text style.
 831    pub fn line_height(&self) -> Pixels {
 832        let rem_size = self.rem_size();
 833        let text_style = self.text_style();
 834        text_style
 835            .line_height
 836            .to_pixels(text_style.font_size, rem_size)
 837    }
 838
 839    /// Call to prevent the default action of an event. Currently only used to prevent
 840    /// parent elements from becoming focused on mouse down.
 841    pub fn prevent_default(&mut self) {
 842        self.window.default_prevented = true;
 843    }
 844
 845    /// Obtain whether default has been prevented for the event currently being dispatched.
 846    pub fn default_prevented(&self) -> bool {
 847        self.window.default_prevented
 848    }
 849
 850    /// Determine whether the given action is available along the dispatch path to the currently focused element.
 851    pub fn is_action_available(&self, action: &dyn Action) -> bool {
 852        let target = self
 853            .focused()
 854            .and_then(|focused_handle| {
 855                self.window
 856                    .rendered_frame
 857                    .dispatch_tree
 858                    .focusable_node_id(focused_handle.id)
 859            })
 860            .unwrap_or_else(|| self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.root_node_id());
 861        self.window
 862            .rendered_frame
 863            .dispatch_tree
 864            .is_action_available(action, target)
 865    }
 866
 867    /// The position of the mouse relative to the window.
 868    pub fn mouse_position(&self) -> Point<Pixels> {
 869        self.window.mouse_position
 870    }
 871
 872    /// The current state of the keyboard's modifiers
 873    pub fn modifiers(&self) -> Modifiers {
 874        self.window.modifiers
 875    }
 876
 877    /// Returns true if there is no opaque layer containing the given point
 878    /// on top of the given level. Layers who are extensions of the queried layer
 879    /// are not considered to be on top of queried layer.
 880    pub fn was_top_layer(&self, point: &Point<Pixels>, layer: &StackingOrder) -> bool {
 881        // Precondition: the depth map is ordered from topmost to bottomost.
 882
 883        for (opaque_layer, _, bounds) in self.window.rendered_frame.depth_map.iter() {
 884            if layer >= opaque_layer {
 885                // The queried layer is either above or is the same as the this opaque layer.
 886                // Anything after this point is guaranteed to be below the queried layer.
 887                return true;
 888            }
 889
 890            if !bounds.contains(point) {
 891                // This opaque layer is above the queried layer but it doesn't contain
 892                // the given position, so we can ignore it even if it's above.
 893                continue;
 894            }
 895
 896            // At this point, we've established that this opaque layer is on top of the queried layer
 897            // and contains the position:
 898            // If neither the opaque layer or the queried layer is an extension of the other then
 899            // we know they are on different stacking orders, and return false.
 900            let is_on_same_layer = opaque_layer
 901                .iter()
 902                .zip(layer.iter())
 903                .all(|(a, b)| a.z_index == b.z_index);
 904
 905            if !is_on_same_layer {
 906                return false;
 907            }
 908        }
 909
 910        true
 911    }
 912
 913    pub(crate) fn was_top_layer_under_active_drag(
 914        &self,
 915        point: &Point<Pixels>,
 916        layer: &StackingOrder,
 917    ) -> bool {
 918        // Precondition: the depth map is ordered from topmost to bottomost.
 919
 920        for (opaque_layer, _, bounds) in self.window.rendered_frame.depth_map.iter() {
 921            if layer >= opaque_layer {
 922                // The queried layer is either above or is the same as the this opaque layer.
 923                // Anything after this point is guaranteed to be below the queried layer.
 924                return true;
 925            }
 926
 927            if !bounds.contains(point) {
 928                // This opaque layer is above the queried layer but it doesn't contain
 929                // the given position, so we can ignore it even if it's above.
 930                continue;
 931            }
 932
 933            // All normal content is rendered with a base z-index of 0, we know that if the root of this opaque layer
 934            // equals `ACTIVE_DRAG_Z_INDEX` then it must be the drag layer and we can ignore it as we are
 935            // looking to see if the queried layer was the topmost underneath the drag layer.
 936            if opaque_layer
 937                .first()
 938                .map(|c| c.z_index == ACTIVE_DRAG_Z_INDEX)
 939                .unwrap_or(false)
 940            {
 941                continue;
 942            }
 943
 944            // At this point, we've established that this opaque layer is on top of the queried layer
 945            // and contains the position:
 946            // If neither the opaque layer or the queried layer is an extension of the other then
 947            // we know they are on different stacking orders, and return false.
 948            let is_on_same_layer = opaque_layer
 949                .iter()
 950                .zip(layer.iter())
 951                .all(|(a, b)| a.z_index == b.z_index);
 952
 953            if !is_on_same_layer {
 954                return false;
 955            }
 956        }
 957
 958        true
 959    }
 960
 961    /// Called during painting to get the current stacking order.
 962    pub fn stacking_order(&self) -> &StackingOrder {
 963        &self.window.next_frame.z_index_stack
 964    }
 965
 966    /// Produces a new frame and assigns it to `rendered_frame`. To actually show
 967    /// the contents of the new [Scene], use [present].
 968    pub(crate) fn draw(&mut self) {
 969        self.window.dirty.set(false);
 970        self.window.drawing = true;
 971
 972        if let Some(requested_handler) = self.window.rendered_frame.requested_input_handler.as_mut()
 973        {
 974            let input_handler = self.window.platform_window.take_input_handler();
 975            requested_handler.handler = input_handler;
 976        }
 977
 978        let root_view = self.window.root_view.take().unwrap();
 979        self.with_element_context(|cx| {
 980            cx.with_z_index(0, |cx| {
 981                cx.with_key_dispatch(Some(KeyContext::default()), None, |_, cx| {
 982                    // We need to use cx.cx here so we can utilize borrow splitting
 983                    for (action_type, action_listeners) in &cx.cx.app.global_action_listeners {
 984                        for action_listener in action_listeners.iter().cloned() {
 985                            cx.cx.window.next_frame.dispatch_tree.on_action(
 986                                *action_type,
 987                                Rc::new(
 988                                    move |action: &dyn Any, phase, cx: &mut WindowContext<'_>| {
 989                                        action_listener(action, phase, cx)
 990                                    },
 991                                ),
 992                            )
 993                        }
 994                    }
 995
 996                    let available_space = cx.window.viewport_size.map(Into::into);
 997                    root_view.draw(Point::default(), available_space, cx);
 998                })
 999            })
1000        });
1001
1002        if let Some(active_drag) = self.app.active_drag.take() {
1003            self.with_element_context(|cx| {
1004                cx.with_z_index(ACTIVE_DRAG_Z_INDEX, |cx| {
1005                    let offset = cx.mouse_position() - active_drag.cursor_offset;
1006                    let available_space =
1007                        size(AvailableSpace::MinContent, AvailableSpace::MinContent);
1008                    active_drag.view.draw(offset, available_space, cx);
1009                })
1010            });
1011            self.active_drag = Some(active_drag);
1012        } else if let Some(tooltip_request) = self.window.next_frame.tooltip_request.take() {
1013            self.with_element_context(|cx| {
1014                cx.with_z_index(1, |cx| {
1015                    let available_space =
1016                        size(AvailableSpace::MinContent, AvailableSpace::MinContent);
1017                    tooltip_request.tooltip.view.draw(
1018                        tooltip_request.tooltip.cursor_offset,
1019                        available_space,
1020                        cx,
1021                    );
1022                })
1023            });
1024            self.window.next_frame.tooltip_request = Some(tooltip_request);
1025        }
1026        self.window.dirty_views.clear();
1027
1028        self.window
1029            .next_frame
1030            .dispatch_tree
1031            .preserve_pending_keystrokes(
1032                &mut self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree,
1033                self.window.focus,
1034            );
1035        self.window.next_frame.focus = self.window.focus;
1036        self.window.next_frame.window_active = self.window.active;
1037        self.window.root_view = Some(root_view);
1038
1039        // Set the cursor only if we're the active window.
1040        let cursor_style = self
1041            .window
1042            .next_frame
1043            .requested_cursor_style
1044            .take()
1045            .unwrap_or(CursorStyle::Arrow);
1046        if self.is_window_active() {
1047            self.platform.set_cursor_style(cursor_style);
1048        }
1049
1050        // Register requested input handler with the platform window.
1051        if let Some(requested_input) = self.window.next_frame.requested_input_handler.as_mut() {
1052            if let Some(handler) = requested_input.handler.take() {
1053                self.window.platform_window.set_input_handler(handler);
1054            }
1055        }
1056
1057        self.window.layout_engine.as_mut().unwrap().clear();
1058        self.text_system()
1059            .finish_frame(&self.window.next_frame.reused_views);
1060        self.window
1061            .next_frame
1062            .finish(&mut self.window.rendered_frame);
1063        ELEMENT_ARENA.with_borrow_mut(|element_arena| {
1064            let percentage = (element_arena.len() as f32 / element_arena.capacity() as f32) * 100.;
1065            if percentage >= 80. {
1066                log::warn!("elevated element arena occupation: {}.", percentage);
1067            }
1068            element_arena.clear();
1069        });
1070
1071        let previous_focus_path = self.window.rendered_frame.focus_path();
1072        let previous_window_active = self.window.rendered_frame.window_active;
1073        mem::swap(&mut self.window.rendered_frame, &mut self.window.next_frame);
1074        self.window.next_frame.clear();
1075        let current_focus_path = self.window.rendered_frame.focus_path();
1076        let current_window_active = self.window.rendered_frame.window_active;
1077
1078        if previous_focus_path != current_focus_path
1079            || previous_window_active != current_window_active
1080        {
1081            if !previous_focus_path.is_empty() && current_focus_path.is_empty() {
1082                self.window
1083                    .focus_lost_listeners
1084                    .clone()
1085                    .retain(&(), |listener| listener(self));
1086            }
1087
1088            let event = FocusEvent {
1089                previous_focus_path: if previous_window_active {
1090                    previous_focus_path
1091                } else {
1092                    Default::default()
1093                },
1094                current_focus_path: if current_window_active {
1095                    current_focus_path
1096                } else {
1097                    Default::default()
1098                },
1099            };
1100            self.window
1101                .focus_listeners
1102                .clone()
1103                .retain(&(), |listener| listener(&event, self));
1104        }
1105        self.window.refreshing = false;
1106        self.window.drawing = false;
1107    }
1108
1109    fn present(&self) {
1110        self.window
1111            .platform_window
1112            .draw(&self.window.rendered_frame.scene);
1113    }
1114
1115    /// Dispatch a mouse or keyboard event on the window.
1116    pub fn dispatch_event(&mut self, event: PlatformInput) -> bool {
1117        self.window.last_input_timestamp.set(Instant::now());
1118        // Handlers may set this to false by calling `stop_propagation`.
1119        self.app.propagate_event = true;
1120        // Handlers may set this to true by calling `prevent_default`.
1121        self.window.default_prevented = false;
1122
1123        let event = match event {
1124            // Track the mouse position with our own state, since accessing the platform
1125            // API for the mouse position can only occur on the main thread.
1126            PlatformInput::MouseMove(mouse_move) => {
1127                self.window.mouse_position = mouse_move.position;
1128                self.window.modifiers = mouse_move.modifiers;
1129                PlatformInput::MouseMove(mouse_move)
1130            }
1131            PlatformInput::MouseDown(mouse_down) => {
1132                self.window.mouse_position = mouse_down.position;
1133                self.window.modifiers = mouse_down.modifiers;
1134                PlatformInput::MouseDown(mouse_down)
1135            }
1136            PlatformInput::MouseUp(mouse_up) => {
1137                self.window.mouse_position = mouse_up.position;
1138                self.window.modifiers = mouse_up.modifiers;
1139                PlatformInput::MouseUp(mouse_up)
1140            }
1141            PlatformInput::MouseExited(mouse_exited) => {
1142                self.window.modifiers = mouse_exited.modifiers;
1143                PlatformInput::MouseExited(mouse_exited)
1144            }
1145            PlatformInput::ModifiersChanged(modifiers_changed) => {
1146                self.window.modifiers = modifiers_changed.modifiers;
1147                PlatformInput::ModifiersChanged(modifiers_changed)
1148            }
1149            PlatformInput::ScrollWheel(scroll_wheel) => {
1150                self.window.mouse_position = scroll_wheel.position;
1151                self.window.modifiers = scroll_wheel.modifiers;
1152                PlatformInput::ScrollWheel(scroll_wheel)
1153            }
1154            // Translate dragging and dropping of external files from the operating system
1155            // to internal drag and drop events.
1156            PlatformInput::FileDrop(file_drop) => match file_drop {
1157                FileDropEvent::Entered { position, paths } => {
1158                    self.window.mouse_position = position;
1159                    if self.active_drag.is_none() {
1160                        self.active_drag = Some(AnyDrag {
1161                            value: Box::new(paths.clone()),
1162                            view: self.new_view(|_| paths).into(),
1163                            cursor_offset: position,
1164                        });
1165                    }
1166                    PlatformInput::MouseMove(MouseMoveEvent {
1167                        position,
1168                        pressed_button: Some(MouseButton::Left),
1169                        modifiers: Modifiers::default(),
1170                    })
1171                }
1172                FileDropEvent::Pending { position } => {
1173                    self.window.mouse_position = position;
1174                    PlatformInput::MouseMove(MouseMoveEvent {
1175                        position,
1176                        pressed_button: Some(MouseButton::Left),
1177                        modifiers: Modifiers::default(),
1178                    })
1179                }
1180                FileDropEvent::Submit { position } => {
1181                    self.activate(true);
1182                    self.window.mouse_position = position;
1183                    PlatformInput::MouseUp(MouseUpEvent {
1184                        button: MouseButton::Left,
1185                        position,
1186                        modifiers: Modifiers::default(),
1187                        click_count: 1,
1188                    })
1189                }
1190                FileDropEvent::Exited => PlatformInput::MouseUp(MouseUpEvent {
1191                    button: MouseButton::Left,
1192                    position: Point::default(),
1193                    modifiers: Modifiers::default(),
1194                    click_count: 1,
1195                }),
1196            },
1197            PlatformInput::KeyDown(_) | PlatformInput::KeyUp(_) => event,
1198        };
1199
1200        if let Some(any_mouse_event) = event.mouse_event() {
1201            self.dispatch_mouse_event(any_mouse_event);
1202        } else if let Some(any_key_event) = event.keyboard_event() {
1203            self.dispatch_key_event(any_key_event);
1204        }
1205
1206        !self.app.propagate_event
1207    }
1208
1209    fn dispatch_mouse_event(&mut self, event: &dyn Any) {
1210        if let Some(mut handlers) = self
1211            .window
1212            .rendered_frame
1213            .mouse_listeners
1214            .remove(&event.type_id())
1215        {
1216            // Because handlers may add other handlers, we sort every time.
1217            handlers.sort_by(|(a, _, _), (b, _, _)| a.cmp(b));
1218
1219            // Capture phase, events bubble from back to front. Handlers for this phase are used for
1220            // special purposes, such as detecting events outside of a given Bounds.
1221            for (_, _, handler) in &mut handlers {
1222                self.with_element_context(|cx| {
1223                    handler(event, DispatchPhase::Capture, cx);
1224                });
1225                if !self.app.propagate_event {
1226                    break;
1227                }
1228            }
1229
1230            // Bubble phase, where most normal handlers do their work.
1231            if self.app.propagate_event {
1232                for (_, _, handler) in handlers.iter_mut().rev() {
1233                    self.with_element_context(|cx| {
1234                        handler(event, DispatchPhase::Bubble, cx);
1235                    });
1236                    if !self.app.propagate_event {
1237                        break;
1238                    }
1239                }
1240            }
1241
1242            self.window
1243                .rendered_frame
1244                .mouse_listeners
1245                .insert(event.type_id(), handlers);
1246        }
1247
1248        if self.app.propagate_event && self.has_active_drag() {
1249            if event.is::<MouseMoveEvent>() {
1250                // If this was a mouse move event, redraw the window so that the
1251                // active drag can follow the mouse cursor.
1252                self.refresh();
1253            } else if event.is::<MouseUpEvent>() {
1254                // If this was a mouse up event, cancel the active drag and redraw
1255                // the window.
1256                self.active_drag = None;
1257                self.refresh();
1258            }
1259        }
1260    }
1261
1262    fn dispatch_key_event(&mut self, event: &dyn Any) {
1263        let node_id = self
1264            .window
1265            .focus
1266            .and_then(|focus_id| {
1267                self.window
1268                    .rendered_frame
1269                    .dispatch_tree
1270                    .focusable_node_id(focus_id)
1271            })
1272            .unwrap_or_else(|| self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.root_node_id());
1273
1274        let dispatch_path = self
1275            .window
1276            .rendered_frame
1277            .dispatch_tree
1278            .dispatch_path(node_id);
1279
1280        if let Some(key_down_event) = event.downcast_ref::<KeyDownEvent>() {
1281            let KeymatchResult { bindings, pending } = self
1282                .window
1283                .rendered_frame
1284                .dispatch_tree
1285                .dispatch_key(&key_down_event.keystroke, &dispatch_path);
1286
1287            if pending {
1288                let mut currently_pending = self.window.pending_input.take().unwrap_or_default();
1289                if currently_pending.focus.is_some() && currently_pending.focus != self.window.focus
1290                {
1291                    currently_pending = PendingInput::default();
1292                }
1293                currently_pending.focus = self.window.focus;
1294                currently_pending
1295                    .keystrokes
1296                    .push(key_down_event.keystroke.clone());
1297                for binding in bindings {
1298                    currently_pending.bindings.push(binding);
1299                }
1300
1301                currently_pending.timer = Some(self.spawn(|mut cx| async move {
1302                    cx.background_executor.timer(Duration::from_secs(1)).await;
1303                    cx.update(move |cx| {
1304                        cx.clear_pending_keystrokes();
1305                        let Some(currently_pending) = cx.window.pending_input.take() else {
1306                            return;
1307                        };
1308                        cx.replay_pending_input(currently_pending)
1309                    })
1310                    .log_err();
1311                }));
1312                self.window.pending_input = Some(currently_pending);
1313
1314                self.propagate_event = false;
1315                return;
1316            } else if let Some(currently_pending) = self.window.pending_input.take() {
1317                if bindings
1318                    .iter()
1319                    .all(|binding| !currently_pending.used_by_binding(binding))
1320                {
1321                    self.replay_pending_input(currently_pending)
1322                }
1323            }
1324
1325            if !bindings.is_empty() {
1326                self.clear_pending_keystrokes();
1327            }
1328
1329            self.propagate_event = true;
1330            for binding in bindings {
1331                self.dispatch_action_on_node(node_id, binding.action.boxed_clone());
1332                if !self.propagate_event {
1333                    self.dispatch_keystroke_observers(event, Some(binding.action));
1334                    return;
1335                }
1336            }
1337        }
1338
1339        self.dispatch_key_down_up_event(event, &dispatch_path);
1340        if !self.propagate_event {
1341            return;
1342        }
1343
1344        self.dispatch_keystroke_observers(event, None);
1345    }
1346
1347    fn dispatch_key_down_up_event(
1348        &mut self,
1349        event: &dyn Any,
1350        dispatch_path: &SmallVec<[DispatchNodeId; 32]>,
1351    ) {
1352        // Capture phase
1353        for node_id in dispatch_path {
1354            let node = self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.node(*node_id);
1355
1356            for key_listener in node.key_listeners.clone() {
1357                self.with_element_context(|cx| {
1358                    key_listener(event, DispatchPhase::Capture, cx);
1359                });
1360                if !self.propagate_event {
1361                    return;
1362                }
1363            }
1364        }
1365
1366        // Bubble phase
1367        for node_id in dispatch_path.iter().rev() {
1368            // Handle low level key events
1369            let node = self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.node(*node_id);
1370            for key_listener in node.key_listeners.clone() {
1371                self.with_element_context(|cx| {
1372                    key_listener(event, DispatchPhase::Bubble, cx);
1373                });
1374                if !self.propagate_event {
1375                    return;
1376                }
1377            }
1378        }
1379    }
1380
1381    /// Determine whether a potential multi-stroke key binding is in progress on this window.
1382    pub fn has_pending_keystrokes(&self) -> bool {
1383        self.window
1384            .rendered_frame
1385            .dispatch_tree
1386            .has_pending_keystrokes()
1387    }
1388
1389    fn replay_pending_input(&mut self, currently_pending: PendingInput) {
1390        let node_id = self
1391            .window
1392            .focus
1393            .and_then(|focus_id| {
1394                self.window
1395                    .rendered_frame
1396                    .dispatch_tree
1397                    .focusable_node_id(focus_id)
1398            })
1399            .unwrap_or_else(|| self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.root_node_id());
1400
1401        if self.window.focus != currently_pending.focus {
1402            return;
1403        }
1404
1405        let input = currently_pending.input();
1406
1407        self.propagate_event = true;
1408        for binding in currently_pending.bindings {
1409            self.dispatch_action_on_node(node_id, binding.action.boxed_clone());
1410            if !self.propagate_event {
1411                return;
1412            }
1413        }
1414
1415        let dispatch_path = self
1416            .window
1417            .rendered_frame
1418            .dispatch_tree
1419            .dispatch_path(node_id);
1420
1421        for keystroke in currently_pending.keystrokes {
1422            let event = KeyDownEvent {
1423                keystroke,
1424                is_held: false,
1425            };
1426
1427            self.dispatch_key_down_up_event(&event, &dispatch_path);
1428            if !self.propagate_event {
1429                return;
1430            }
1431        }
1432
1433        if !input.is_empty() {
1434            if let Some(mut input_handler) = self.window.platform_window.take_input_handler() {
1435                input_handler.flush_pending_input(&input, self);
1436                self.window.platform_window.set_input_handler(input_handler)
1437            }
1438        }
1439    }
1440
1441    fn dispatch_action_on_node(&mut self, node_id: DispatchNodeId, action: Box<dyn Action>) {
1442        let dispatch_path = self
1443            .window
1444            .rendered_frame
1445            .dispatch_tree
1446            .dispatch_path(node_id);
1447
1448        // Capture phase
1449        for node_id in &dispatch_path {
1450            let node = self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.node(*node_id);
1451            for DispatchActionListener {
1452                action_type,
1453                listener,
1454            } in node.action_listeners.clone()
1455            {
1456                let any_action = action.as_any();
1457                if action_type == any_action.type_id() {
1458                    self.with_element_context(|cx| {
1459                        listener(any_action, DispatchPhase::Capture, cx);
1460                    });
1461
1462                    if !self.propagate_event {
1463                        return;
1464                    }
1465                }
1466            }
1467        }
1468        // Bubble phase
1469        for node_id in dispatch_path.iter().rev() {
1470            let node = self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.node(*node_id);
1471            for DispatchActionListener {
1472                action_type,
1473                listener,
1474            } in node.action_listeners.clone()
1475            {
1476                let any_action = action.as_any();
1477                if action_type == any_action.type_id() {
1478                    self.propagate_event = false; // Actions stop propagation by default during the bubble phase
1479
1480                    self.with_element_context(|cx| {
1481                        listener(any_action, DispatchPhase::Bubble, cx);
1482                    });
1483
1484                    if !self.propagate_event {
1485                        return;
1486                    }
1487                }
1488            }
1489        }
1490    }
1491
1492    /// Register the given handler to be invoked whenever the global of the given type
1493    /// is updated.
1494    pub fn observe_global<G: Global>(
1495        &mut self,
1496        f: impl Fn(&mut WindowContext<'_>) + 'static,
1497    ) -> Subscription {
1498        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
1499        let (subscription, activate) = self.global_observers.insert(
1500            TypeId::of::<G>(),
1501            Box::new(move |cx| window_handle.update(cx, |_, cx| f(cx)).is_ok()),
1502        );
1503        self.app.defer(move |_| activate());
1504        subscription
1505    }
1506
1507    /// Focus the current window and bring it to the foreground at the platform level.
1508    pub fn activate_window(&self) {
1509        self.window.platform_window.activate();
1510    }
1511
1512    /// Minimize the current window at the platform level.
1513    pub fn minimize_window(&self) {
1514        self.window.platform_window.minimize();
1515    }
1516
1517    /// Toggle full screen status on the current window at the platform level.
1518    pub fn toggle_full_screen(&self) {
1519        self.window.platform_window.toggle_full_screen();
1520    }
1521
1522    /// Present a platform dialog.
1523    /// The provided message will be presented, along with buttons for each answer.
1524    /// When a button is clicked, the returned Receiver will receive the index of the clicked button.
1525    pub fn prompt(
1526        &self,
1527        level: PromptLevel,
1528        message: &str,
1529        detail: Option<&str>,
1530        answers: &[&str],
1531    ) -> oneshot::Receiver<usize> {
1532        self.window
1533            .platform_window
1534            .prompt(level, message, detail, answers)
1535    }
1536
1537    /// Returns all available actions for the focused element.
1538    pub fn available_actions(&self) -> Vec<Box<dyn Action>> {
1539        let node_id = self
1540            .window
1541            .focus
1542            .and_then(|focus_id| {
1543                self.window
1544                    .rendered_frame
1545                    .dispatch_tree
1546                    .focusable_node_id(focus_id)
1547            })
1548            .unwrap_or_else(|| self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.root_node_id());
1549
1550        self.window
1551            .rendered_frame
1552            .dispatch_tree
1553            .available_actions(node_id)
1554    }
1555
1556    /// Returns key bindings that invoke the given action on the currently focused element.
1557    pub fn bindings_for_action(&self, action: &dyn Action) -> Vec<KeyBinding> {
1558        self.window
1559            .rendered_frame
1560            .dispatch_tree
1561            .bindings_for_action(
1562                action,
1563                &self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.context_stack,
1564            )
1565    }
1566
1567    /// Returns any bindings that would invoke the given action on the given focus handle if it were focused.
1568    pub fn bindings_for_action_in(
1569        &self,
1570        action: &dyn Action,
1571        focus_handle: &FocusHandle,
1572    ) -> Vec<KeyBinding> {
1573        let dispatch_tree = &self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree;
1574
1575        let Some(node_id) = dispatch_tree.focusable_node_id(focus_handle.id) else {
1576            return vec![];
1577        };
1578        let context_stack = dispatch_tree
1579            .dispatch_path(node_id)
1580            .into_iter()
1581            .filter_map(|node_id| dispatch_tree.node(node_id).context.clone())
1582            .collect();
1583        dispatch_tree.bindings_for_action(action, &context_stack)
1584    }
1585
1586    /// Returns a generic event listener that invokes the given listener with the view and context associated with the given view handle.
1587    pub fn listener_for<V: Render, E>(
1588        &self,
1589        view: &View<V>,
1590        f: impl Fn(&mut V, &E, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
1591    ) -> impl Fn(&E, &mut WindowContext) + 'static {
1592        let view = view.downgrade();
1593        move |e: &E, cx: &mut WindowContext| {
1594            view.update(cx, |view, cx| f(view, e, cx)).ok();
1595        }
1596    }
1597
1598    /// Returns a generic handler that invokes the given handler with the view and context associated with the given view handle.
1599    pub fn handler_for<V: Render>(
1600        &self,
1601        view: &View<V>,
1602        f: impl Fn(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
1603    ) -> impl Fn(&mut WindowContext) {
1604        let view = view.downgrade();
1605        move |cx: &mut WindowContext| {
1606            view.update(cx, |view, cx| f(view, cx)).ok();
1607        }
1608    }
1609
1610    /// Register a callback that can interrupt the closing of the current window based the returned boolean.
1611    /// If the callback returns false, the window won't be closed.
1612    pub fn on_window_should_close(&mut self, f: impl Fn(&mut WindowContext) -> bool + 'static) {
1613        let mut this = self.to_async();
1614        self.window
1615            .platform_window
1616            .on_should_close(Box::new(move || {
1617                this.update(|cx| {
1618                    // Ensure that the window is removed from the app if it's been closed
1619                    // by always pre-empting the system close event.
1620                    if f(cx) {
1621                        cx.remove_window();
1622                    }
1623                    false
1624                })
1625                .unwrap_or(true)
1626            }))
1627    }
1628
1629    pub(crate) fn parent_view_id(&self) -> EntityId {
1630        *self
1631            .window
1632            .next_frame
1633            .view_stack
1634            .last()
1635            .expect("a view should always be on the stack while drawing")
1636    }
1637
1638    /// Register an action listener on the window for the next frame. The type of action
1639    /// is determined by the first parameter of the given listener. When the next frame is rendered
1640    /// the listener will be cleared.
1641    ///
1642    /// This is a fairly low-level method, so prefer using action handlers on elements unless you have
1643    /// a specific need to register a global listener.
1644    pub fn on_action(
1645        &mut self,
1646        action_type: TypeId,
1647        listener: impl Fn(&dyn Any, DispatchPhase, &mut WindowContext) + 'static,
1648    ) {
1649        self.window
1650            .next_frame
1651            .dispatch_tree
1652            .on_action(action_type, Rc::new(listener));
1653    }
1654}
1655
1656impl Context for WindowContext<'_> {
1657    type Result<T> = T;
1658
1659    fn new_model<T>(&mut self, build_model: impl FnOnce(&mut ModelContext<'_, T>) -> T) -> Model<T>
1660    where
1661        T: 'static,
1662    {
1663        let slot = self.app.entities.reserve();
1664        let model = build_model(&mut ModelContext::new(&mut *self.app, slot.downgrade()));
1665        self.entities.insert(slot, model)
1666    }
1667
1668    fn update_model<T: 'static, R>(
1669        &mut self,
1670        model: &Model<T>,
1671        update: impl FnOnce(&mut T, &mut ModelContext<'_, T>) -> R,
1672    ) -> R {
1673        let mut entity = self.entities.lease(model);
1674        let result = update(
1675            &mut *entity,
1676            &mut ModelContext::new(&mut *self.app, model.downgrade()),
1677        );
1678        self.entities.end_lease(entity);
1679        result
1680    }
1681
1682    fn update_window<T, F>(&mut self, window: AnyWindowHandle, update: F) -> Result<T>
1683    where
1684        F: FnOnce(AnyView, &mut WindowContext<'_>) -> T,
1685    {
1686        if window == self.window.handle {
1687            let root_view = self.window.root_view.clone().unwrap();
1688            Ok(update(root_view, self))
1689        } else {
1690            window.update(self.app, update)
1691        }
1692    }
1693
1694    fn read_model<T, R>(
1695        &self,
1696        handle: &Model<T>,
1697        read: impl FnOnce(&T, &AppContext) -> R,
1698    ) -> Self::Result<R>
1699    where
1700        T: 'static,
1701    {
1702        let entity = self.entities.read(handle);
1703        read(entity, &*self.app)
1704    }
1705
1706    fn read_window<T, R>(
1707        &self,
1708        window: &WindowHandle<T>,
1709        read: impl FnOnce(View<T>, &AppContext) -> R,
1710    ) -> Result<R>
1711    where
1712        T: 'static,
1713    {
1714        if window.any_handle == self.window.handle {
1715            let root_view = self
1716                .window
1717                .root_view
1718                .clone()
1719                .unwrap()
1720                .downcast::<T>()
1721                .map_err(|_| anyhow!("the type of the window's root view has changed"))?;
1722            Ok(read(root_view, self))
1723        } else {
1724            self.app.read_window(window, read)
1725        }
1726    }
1727}
1728
1729impl VisualContext for WindowContext<'_> {
1730    fn new_view<V>(
1731        &mut self,
1732        build_view_state: impl FnOnce(&mut ViewContext<'_, V>) -> V,
1733    ) -> Self::Result<View<V>>
1734    where
1735        V: 'static + Render,
1736    {
1737        let slot = self.app.entities.reserve();
1738        let view = View {
1739            model: slot.clone(),
1740        };
1741        let mut cx = ViewContext::new(&mut *self.app, &mut *self.window, &view);
1742        let entity = build_view_state(&mut cx);
1743        cx.entities.insert(slot, entity);
1744
1745        cx.new_view_observers
1746            .clone()
1747            .retain(&TypeId::of::<V>(), |observer| {
1748                let any_view = AnyView::from(view.clone());
1749                (observer)(any_view, self);
1750                true
1751            });
1752
1753        view
1754    }
1755
1756    /// Updates the given view. Prefer calling [`View::update`] instead, which calls this method.
1757    fn update_view<T: 'static, R>(
1758        &mut self,
1759        view: &View<T>,
1760        update: impl FnOnce(&mut T, &mut ViewContext<'_, T>) -> R,
1761    ) -> Self::Result<R> {
1762        let mut lease = self.app.entities.lease(&view.model);
1763        let mut cx = ViewContext::new(&mut *self.app, &mut *self.window, view);
1764        let result = update(&mut *lease, &mut cx);
1765        cx.app.entities.end_lease(lease);
1766        result
1767    }
1768
1769    fn replace_root_view<V>(
1770        &mut self,
1771        build_view: impl FnOnce(&mut ViewContext<'_, V>) -> V,
1772    ) -> Self::Result<View<V>>
1773    where
1774        V: 'static + Render,
1775    {
1776        let view = self.new_view(build_view);
1777        self.window.root_view = Some(view.clone().into());
1778        self.refresh();
1779        view
1780    }
1781
1782    fn focus_view<V: crate::FocusableView>(&mut self, view: &View<V>) -> Self::Result<()> {
1783        self.update_view(view, |view, cx| {
1784            view.focus_handle(cx).clone().focus(cx);
1785        })
1786    }
1787
1788    fn dismiss_view<V>(&mut self, view: &View<V>) -> Self::Result<()>
1789    where
1790        V: ManagedView,
1791    {
1792        self.update_view(view, |_, cx| cx.emit(DismissEvent))
1793    }
1794}
1795
1796impl<'a> std::ops::Deref for WindowContext<'a> {
1797    type Target = AppContext;
1798
1799    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
1800        self.app
1801    }
1802}
1803
1804impl<'a> std::ops::DerefMut for WindowContext<'a> {
1805    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
1806        self.app
1807    }
1808}
1809
1810impl<'a> Borrow<AppContext> for WindowContext<'a> {
1811    fn borrow(&self) -> &AppContext {
1812        self.app
1813    }
1814}
1815
1816impl<'a> BorrowMut<AppContext> for WindowContext<'a> {
1817    fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut AppContext {
1818        self.app
1819    }
1820}
1821
1822/// This trait contains functionality that is shared across [`ViewContext`] and [`WindowContext`]
1823pub trait BorrowWindow: BorrowMut<Window> + BorrowMut<AppContext> {
1824    #[doc(hidden)]
1825    fn app_mut(&mut self) -> &mut AppContext {
1826        self.borrow_mut()
1827    }
1828
1829    #[doc(hidden)]
1830    fn app(&self) -> &AppContext {
1831        self.borrow()
1832    }
1833
1834    #[doc(hidden)]
1835    fn window(&self) -> &Window {
1836        self.borrow()
1837    }
1838
1839    #[doc(hidden)]
1840    fn window_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Window {
1841        self.borrow_mut()
1842    }
1843}
1844
1845impl Borrow<Window> for WindowContext<'_> {
1846    fn borrow(&self) -> &Window {
1847        self.window
1848    }
1849}
1850
1851impl BorrowMut<Window> for WindowContext<'_> {
1852    fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Window {
1853        self.window
1854    }
1855}
1856
1857impl<T> BorrowWindow for T where T: BorrowMut<AppContext> + BorrowMut<Window> {}
1858
1859/// Provides access to application state that is specialized for a particular [`View`].
1860/// Allows you to interact with focus, emit events, etc.
1861/// ViewContext also derefs to [`WindowContext`], giving you access to all of its methods as well.
1862/// When you call [`View::update`], you're passed a `&mut V` and an `&mut ViewContext<V>`.
1863pub struct ViewContext<'a, V> {
1864    window_cx: WindowContext<'a>,
1865    view: &'a View<V>,
1866}
1867
1868impl<V> Borrow<AppContext> for ViewContext<'_, V> {
1869    fn borrow(&self) -> &AppContext {
1870        &*self.window_cx.app
1871    }
1872}
1873
1874impl<V> BorrowMut<AppContext> for ViewContext<'_, V> {
1875    fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut AppContext {
1876        &mut *self.window_cx.app
1877    }
1878}
1879
1880impl<V> Borrow<Window> for ViewContext<'_, V> {
1881    fn borrow(&self) -> &Window {
1882        &*self.window_cx.window
1883    }
1884}
1885
1886impl<V> BorrowMut<Window> for ViewContext<'_, V> {
1887    fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Window {
1888        &mut *self.window_cx.window
1889    }
1890}
1891
1892impl<'a, V: 'static> ViewContext<'a, V> {
1893    pub(crate) fn new(app: &'a mut AppContext, window: &'a mut Window, view: &'a View<V>) -> Self {
1894        Self {
1895            window_cx: WindowContext::new(app, window),
1896            view,
1897        }
1898    }
1899
1900    /// Get the entity_id of this view.
1901    pub fn entity_id(&self) -> EntityId {
1902        self.view.entity_id()
1903    }
1904
1905    /// Get the view pointer underlying this context.
1906    pub fn view(&self) -> &View<V> {
1907        self.view
1908    }
1909
1910    /// Get the model underlying this view.
1911    pub fn model(&self) -> &Model<V> {
1912        &self.view.model
1913    }
1914
1915    /// Access the underlying window context.
1916    pub fn window_context(&mut self) -> &mut WindowContext<'a> {
1917        &mut self.window_cx
1918    }
1919
1920    /// Sets a given callback to be run on the next frame.
1921    pub fn on_next_frame(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static)
1922    where
1923        V: 'static,
1924    {
1925        let view = self.view().clone();
1926        self.window_cx.on_next_frame(move |cx| view.update(cx, f));
1927    }
1928
1929    /// Schedules the given function to be run at the end of the current effect cycle, allowing entities
1930    /// that are currently on the stack to be returned to the app.
1931    pub fn defer(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static) {
1932        let view = self.view().downgrade();
1933        self.window_cx.defer(move |cx| {
1934            view.update(cx, f).ok();
1935        });
1936    }
1937
1938    /// Observe another model or view for changes to its state, as tracked by [`ModelContext::notify`].
1939    pub fn observe<V2, E>(
1940        &mut self,
1941        entity: &E,
1942        mut on_notify: impl FnMut(&mut V, E, &mut ViewContext<'_, V>) + 'static,
1943    ) -> Subscription
1944    where
1945        V2: 'static,
1946        V: 'static,
1947        E: Entity<V2>,
1948    {
1949        let view = self.view().downgrade();
1950        let entity_id = entity.entity_id();
1951        let entity = entity.downgrade();
1952        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
1953        let (subscription, activate) = self.app.observers.insert(
1954            entity_id,
1955            Box::new(move |cx| {
1956                window_handle
1957                    .update(cx, |_, cx| {
1958                        if let Some(handle) = E::upgrade_from(&entity) {
1959                            view.update(cx, |this, cx| on_notify(this, handle, cx))
1960                                .is_ok()
1961                        } else {
1962                            false
1963                        }
1964                    })
1965                    .unwrap_or(false)
1966            }),
1967        );
1968        self.app.defer(move |_| activate());
1969        subscription
1970    }
1971
1972    /// Subscribe to events emitted by another model or view.
1973    /// The entity to which you're subscribing must implement the [`EventEmitter`] trait.
1974    /// The callback will be invoked with a reference to the current view, a handle to the emitting entity (either a [`View`] or [`Model`]), the event, and a view context for the current view.
1975    pub fn subscribe<V2, E, Evt>(
1976        &mut self,
1977        entity: &E,
1978        mut on_event: impl FnMut(&mut V, E, &Evt, &mut ViewContext<'_, V>) + 'static,
1979    ) -> Subscription
1980    where
1981        V2: EventEmitter<Evt>,
1982        E: Entity<V2>,
1983        Evt: 'static,
1984    {
1985        let view = self.view().downgrade();
1986        let entity_id = entity.entity_id();
1987        let handle = entity.downgrade();
1988        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
1989        let (subscription, activate) = self.app.event_listeners.insert(
1990            entity_id,
1991            (
1992                TypeId::of::<Evt>(),
1993                Box::new(move |event, cx| {
1994                    window_handle
1995                        .update(cx, |_, cx| {
1996                            if let Some(handle) = E::upgrade_from(&handle) {
1997                                let event = event.downcast_ref().expect("invalid event type");
1998                                view.update(cx, |this, cx| on_event(this, handle, event, cx))
1999                                    .is_ok()
2000                            } else {
2001                                false
2002                            }
2003                        })
2004                        .unwrap_or(false)
2005                }),
2006            ),
2007        );
2008        self.app.defer(move |_| activate());
2009        subscription
2010    }
2011
2012    /// Register a callback to be invoked when the view is released.
2013    ///
2014    /// The callback receives a handle to the view's window. This handle may be
2015    /// invalid, if the window was closed before the view was released.
2016    pub fn on_release(
2017        &mut self,
2018        on_release: impl FnOnce(&mut V, AnyWindowHandle, &mut AppContext) + 'static,
2019    ) -> Subscription {
2020        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
2021        let (subscription, activate) = self.app.release_listeners.insert(
2022            self.view.model.entity_id,
2023            Box::new(move |this, cx| {
2024                let this = this.downcast_mut().expect("invalid entity type");
2025                on_release(this, window_handle, cx)
2026            }),
2027        );
2028        activate();
2029        subscription
2030    }
2031
2032    /// Register a callback to be invoked when the given Model or View is released.
2033    pub fn observe_release<V2, E>(
2034        &mut self,
2035        entity: &E,
2036        mut on_release: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut V2, &mut ViewContext<'_, V>) + 'static,
2037    ) -> Subscription
2038    where
2039        V: 'static,
2040        V2: 'static,
2041        E: Entity<V2>,
2042    {
2043        let view = self.view().downgrade();
2044        let entity_id = entity.entity_id();
2045        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
2046        let (subscription, activate) = self.app.release_listeners.insert(
2047            entity_id,
2048            Box::new(move |entity, cx| {
2049                let entity = entity.downcast_mut().expect("invalid entity type");
2050                let _ = window_handle.update(cx, |_, cx| {
2051                    view.update(cx, |this, cx| on_release(this, entity, cx))
2052                });
2053            }),
2054        );
2055        activate();
2056        subscription
2057    }
2058
2059    /// Indicate that this view has changed, which will invoke any observers and also mark the window as dirty.
2060    /// If this view or any of its ancestors are *cached*, notifying it will cause it or its ancestors to be redrawn.
2061    pub fn notify(&mut self) {
2062        for view_id in self
2063            .window
2064            .rendered_frame
2065            .dispatch_tree
2066            .view_path(self.view.entity_id())
2067            .into_iter()
2068            .rev()
2069        {
2070            if !self.window.dirty_views.insert(view_id) {
2071                break;
2072            }
2073        }
2074
2075        if !self.window.drawing {
2076            self.window_cx.window.dirty.set(true);
2077            self.window_cx.app.push_effect(Effect::Notify {
2078                emitter: self.view.model.entity_id,
2079            });
2080        }
2081    }
2082
2083    /// Register a callback to be invoked when the window is resized.
2084    pub fn observe_window_bounds(
2085        &mut self,
2086        mut callback: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2087    ) -> Subscription {
2088        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2089        let (subscription, activate) = self.window.bounds_observers.insert(
2090            (),
2091            Box::new(move |cx| view.update(cx, |view, cx| callback(view, cx)).is_ok()),
2092        );
2093        activate();
2094        subscription
2095    }
2096
2097    /// Register a callback to be invoked when the window is activated or deactivated.
2098    pub fn observe_window_activation(
2099        &mut self,
2100        mut callback: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2101    ) -> Subscription {
2102        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2103        let (subscription, activate) = self.window.activation_observers.insert(
2104            (),
2105            Box::new(move |cx| view.update(cx, |view, cx| callback(view, cx)).is_ok()),
2106        );
2107        activate();
2108        subscription
2109    }
2110
2111    /// Registers a callback to be invoked when the window appearance changes.
2112    pub fn observe_window_appearance(
2113        &mut self,
2114        mut callback: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2115    ) -> Subscription {
2116        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2117        let (subscription, activate) = self.window.appearance_observers.insert(
2118            (),
2119            Box::new(move |cx| view.update(cx, |view, cx| callback(view, cx)).is_ok()),
2120        );
2121        activate();
2122        subscription
2123    }
2124
2125    /// Register a listener to be called when the given focus handle receives focus.
2126    /// Returns a subscription and persists until the subscription is dropped.
2127    pub fn on_focus(
2128        &mut self,
2129        handle: &FocusHandle,
2130        mut listener: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2131    ) -> Subscription {
2132        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2133        let focus_id = handle.id;
2134        let (subscription, activate) = self.window.focus_listeners.insert(
2135            (),
2136            Box::new(move |event, cx| {
2137                view.update(cx, |view, cx| {
2138                    if event.previous_focus_path.last() != Some(&focus_id)
2139                        && event.current_focus_path.last() == Some(&focus_id)
2140                    {
2141                        listener(view, cx)
2142                    }
2143                })
2144                .is_ok()
2145            }),
2146        );
2147        self.app.defer(move |_| activate());
2148        subscription
2149    }
2150
2151    /// Register a listener to be called when the given focus handle or one of its descendants receives focus.
2152    /// Returns a subscription and persists until the subscription is dropped.
2153    pub fn on_focus_in(
2154        &mut self,
2155        handle: &FocusHandle,
2156        mut listener: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2157    ) -> Subscription {
2158        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2159        let focus_id = handle.id;
2160        let (subscription, activate) = self.window.focus_listeners.insert(
2161            (),
2162            Box::new(move |event, cx| {
2163                view.update(cx, |view, cx| {
2164                    if !event.previous_focus_path.contains(&focus_id)
2165                        && event.current_focus_path.contains(&focus_id)
2166                    {
2167                        listener(view, cx)
2168                    }
2169                })
2170                .is_ok()
2171            }),
2172        );
2173        self.app.defer(move |_| activate());
2174        subscription
2175    }
2176
2177    /// Register a listener to be called when the given focus handle loses focus.
2178    /// Returns a subscription and persists until the subscription is dropped.
2179    pub fn on_blur(
2180        &mut self,
2181        handle: &FocusHandle,
2182        mut listener: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2183    ) -> Subscription {
2184        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2185        let focus_id = handle.id;
2186        let (subscription, activate) = self.window.focus_listeners.insert(
2187            (),
2188            Box::new(move |event, cx| {
2189                view.update(cx, |view, cx| {
2190                    if event.previous_focus_path.last() == Some(&focus_id)
2191                        && event.current_focus_path.last() != Some(&focus_id)
2192                    {
2193                        listener(view, cx)
2194                    }
2195                })
2196                .is_ok()
2197            }),
2198        );
2199        self.app.defer(move |_| activate());
2200        subscription
2201    }
2202
2203    /// Register a listener to be called when nothing in the window has focus.
2204    /// This typically happens when the node that was focused is removed from the tree,
2205    /// and this callback lets you chose a default place to restore the users focus.
2206    /// Returns a subscription and persists until the subscription is dropped.
2207    pub fn on_focus_lost(
2208        &mut self,
2209        mut listener: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2210    ) -> Subscription {
2211        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2212        let (subscription, activate) = self.window.focus_lost_listeners.insert(
2213            (),
2214            Box::new(move |cx| view.update(cx, |view, cx| listener(view, cx)).is_ok()),
2215        );
2216        activate();
2217        subscription
2218    }
2219
2220    /// Register a listener to be called when the given focus handle or one of its descendants loses focus.
2221    /// Returns a subscription and persists until the subscription is dropped.
2222    pub fn on_focus_out(
2223        &mut self,
2224        handle: &FocusHandle,
2225        mut listener: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2226    ) -> Subscription {
2227        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2228        let focus_id = handle.id;
2229        let (subscription, activate) = self.window.focus_listeners.insert(
2230            (),
2231            Box::new(move |event, cx| {
2232                view.update(cx, |view, cx| {
2233                    if event.previous_focus_path.contains(&focus_id)
2234                        && !event.current_focus_path.contains(&focus_id)
2235                    {
2236                        listener(view, cx)
2237                    }
2238                })
2239                .is_ok()
2240            }),
2241        );
2242        self.app.defer(move |_| activate());
2243        subscription
2244    }
2245
2246    /// Schedule a future to be run asynchronously.
2247    /// The given callback is invoked with a [`WeakView<V>`] to avoid leaking the view for a long-running process.
2248    /// It's also given an [`AsyncWindowContext`], which can be used to access the state of the view across await points.
2249    /// The returned future will be polled on the main thread.
2250    pub fn spawn<Fut, R>(
2251        &mut self,
2252        f: impl FnOnce(WeakView<V>, AsyncWindowContext) -> Fut,
2253    ) -> Task<R>
2254    where
2255        R: 'static,
2256        Fut: Future<Output = R> + 'static,
2257    {
2258        let view = self.view().downgrade();
2259        self.window_cx.spawn(|cx| f(view, cx))
2260    }
2261
2262    /// Updates the global state of the given type.
2263    pub fn update_global<G, R>(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut G, &mut Self) -> R) -> R
2264    where
2265        G: Global,
2266    {
2267        let mut global = self.app.lease_global::<G>();
2268        let result = f(&mut global, self);
2269        self.app.end_global_lease(global);
2270        result
2271    }
2272
2273    /// Register a callback to be invoked when the given global state changes.
2274    pub fn observe_global<G: Global>(
2275        &mut self,
2276        mut f: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<'_, V>) + 'static,
2277    ) -> Subscription {
2278        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
2279        let view = self.view().downgrade();
2280        let (subscription, activate) = self.global_observers.insert(
2281            TypeId::of::<G>(),
2282            Box::new(move |cx| {
2283                window_handle
2284                    .update(cx, |_, cx| view.update(cx, |view, cx| f(view, cx)).is_ok())
2285                    .unwrap_or(false)
2286            }),
2287        );
2288        self.app.defer(move |_| activate());
2289        subscription
2290    }
2291
2292    /// Register a callback to be invoked when the given Action type is dispatched to the window.
2293    pub fn on_action(
2294        &mut self,
2295        action_type: TypeId,
2296        listener: impl Fn(&mut V, &dyn Any, DispatchPhase, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2297    ) {
2298        let handle = self.view().clone();
2299        self.window_cx
2300            .on_action(action_type, move |action, phase, cx| {
2301                handle.update(cx, |view, cx| {
2302                    listener(view, action, phase, cx);
2303                })
2304            });
2305    }
2306
2307    /// Emit an event to be handled any other views that have subscribed via [ViewContext::subscribe].
2308    pub fn emit<Evt>(&mut self, event: Evt)
2309    where
2310        Evt: 'static,
2311        V: EventEmitter<Evt>,
2312    {
2313        let emitter = self.view.model.entity_id;
2314        self.app.push_effect(Effect::Emit {
2315            emitter,
2316            event_type: TypeId::of::<Evt>(),
2317            event: Box::new(event),
2318        });
2319    }
2320
2321    /// Move focus to the current view, assuming it implements [`FocusableView`].
2322    pub fn focus_self(&mut self)
2323    where
2324        V: FocusableView,
2325    {
2326        self.defer(|view, cx| view.focus_handle(cx).focus(cx))
2327    }
2328
2329    /// Convenience method for accessing view state in an event callback.
2330    ///
2331    /// Many GPUI callbacks take the form of `Fn(&E, &mut WindowContext)`,
2332    /// but it's often useful to be able to access view state in these
2333    /// callbacks. This method provides a convenient way to do so.
2334    pub fn listener<E>(
2335        &self,
2336        f: impl Fn(&mut V, &E, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2337    ) -> impl Fn(&E, &mut WindowContext) + 'static {
2338        let view = self.view().downgrade();
2339        move |e: &E, cx: &mut WindowContext| {
2340            view.update(cx, |view, cx| f(view, e, cx)).ok();
2341        }
2342    }
2343}
2344
2345impl<V> Context for ViewContext<'_, V> {
2346    type Result<U> = U;
2347
2348    fn new_model<T: 'static>(
2349        &mut self,
2350        build_model: impl FnOnce(&mut ModelContext<'_, T>) -> T,
2351    ) -> Model<T> {
2352        self.window_cx.new_model(build_model)
2353    }
2354
2355    fn update_model<T: 'static, R>(
2356        &mut self,
2357        model: &Model<T>,
2358        update: impl FnOnce(&mut T, &mut ModelContext<'_, T>) -> R,
2359    ) -> R {
2360        self.window_cx.update_model(model, update)
2361    }
2362
2363    fn update_window<T, F>(&mut self, window: AnyWindowHandle, update: F) -> Result<T>
2364    where
2365        F: FnOnce(AnyView, &mut WindowContext<'_>) -> T,
2366    {
2367        self.window_cx.update_window(window, update)
2368    }
2369
2370    fn read_model<T, R>(
2371        &self,
2372        handle: &Model<T>,
2373        read: impl FnOnce(&T, &AppContext) -> R,
2374    ) -> Self::Result<R>
2375    where
2376        T: 'static,
2377    {
2378        self.window_cx.read_model(handle, read)
2379    }
2380
2381    fn read_window<T, R>(
2382        &self,
2383        window: &WindowHandle<T>,
2384        read: impl FnOnce(View<T>, &AppContext) -> R,
2385    ) -> Result<R>
2386    where
2387        T: 'static,
2388    {
2389        self.window_cx.read_window(window, read)
2390    }
2391}
2392
2393impl<V: 'static> VisualContext for ViewContext<'_, V> {
2394    fn new_view<W: Render + 'static>(
2395        &mut self,
2396        build_view_state: impl FnOnce(&mut ViewContext<'_, W>) -> W,
2397    ) -> Self::Result<View<W>> {
2398        self.window_cx.new_view(build_view_state)
2399    }
2400
2401    fn update_view<V2: 'static, R>(
2402        &mut self,
2403        view: &View<V2>,
2404        update: impl FnOnce(&mut V2, &mut ViewContext<'_, V2>) -> R,
2405    ) -> Self::Result<R> {
2406        self.window_cx.update_view(view, update)
2407    }
2408
2409    fn replace_root_view<W>(
2410        &mut self,
2411        build_view: impl FnOnce(&mut ViewContext<'_, W>) -> W,
2412    ) -> Self::Result<View<W>>
2413    where
2414        W: 'static + Render,
2415    {
2416        self.window_cx.replace_root_view(build_view)
2417    }
2418
2419    fn focus_view<W: FocusableView>(&mut self, view: &View<W>) -> Self::Result<()> {
2420        self.window_cx.focus_view(view)
2421    }
2422
2423    fn dismiss_view<W: ManagedView>(&mut self, view: &View<W>) -> Self::Result<()> {
2424        self.window_cx.dismiss_view(view)
2425    }
2426}
2427
2428impl<'a, V> std::ops::Deref for ViewContext<'a, V> {
2429    type Target = WindowContext<'a>;
2430
2431    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
2432        &self.window_cx
2433    }
2434}
2435
2436impl<'a, V> std::ops::DerefMut for ViewContext<'a, V> {
2437    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
2438        &mut self.window_cx
2439    }
2440}
2441
2442// #[derive(Clone, Copy, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
2443slotmap::new_key_type! {
2444    /// A unique identifier for a window.
2445    pub struct WindowId;
2446}
2447
2448impl WindowId {
2449    /// Converts this window ID to a `u64`.
2450    pub fn as_u64(&self) -> u64 {
2451        self.0.as_ffi()
2452    }
2453}
2454
2455/// A handle to a window with a specific root view type.
2456/// Note that this does not keep the window alive on its own.
2457#[derive(Deref, DerefMut)]
2458pub struct WindowHandle<V> {
2459    #[deref]
2460    #[deref_mut]
2461    pub(crate) any_handle: AnyWindowHandle,
2462    state_type: PhantomData<V>,
2463}
2464
2465impl<V: 'static + Render> WindowHandle<V> {
2466    /// Creates a new handle from a window ID.
2467    /// This does not check if the root type of the window is `V`.
2468    pub fn new(id: WindowId) -> Self {
2469        WindowHandle {
2470            any_handle: AnyWindowHandle {
2471                id,
2472                state_type: TypeId::of::<V>(),
2473            },
2474            state_type: PhantomData,
2475        }
2476    }
2477
2478    /// Get the root view out of this window.
2479    ///
2480    /// This will fail if the window is closed or if the root view's type does not match `V`.
2481    pub fn root<C>(&self, cx: &mut C) -> Result<View<V>>
2482    where
2483        C: Context,
2484    {
2485        Flatten::flatten(cx.update_window(self.any_handle, |root_view, _| {
2486            root_view
2487                .downcast::<V>()
2488                .map_err(|_| anyhow!("the type of the window's root view has changed"))
2489        }))
2490    }
2491
2492    /// Updates the root view of this window.
2493    ///
2494    /// This will fail if the window has been closed or if the root view's type does not match
2495    pub fn update<C, R>(
2496        &self,
2497        cx: &mut C,
2498        update: impl FnOnce(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<'_, V>) -> R,
2499    ) -> Result<R>
2500    where
2501        C: Context,
2502    {
2503        cx.update_window(self.any_handle, |root_view, cx| {
2504            let view = root_view
2505                .downcast::<V>()
2506                .map_err(|_| anyhow!("the type of the window's root view has changed"))?;
2507            Ok(cx.update_view(&view, update))
2508        })?
2509    }
2510
2511    /// Read the root view out of this window.
2512    ///
2513    /// This will fail if the window is closed or if the root view's type does not match `V`.
2514    pub fn read<'a>(&self, cx: &'a AppContext) -> Result<&'a V> {
2515        let x = cx
2516            .windows
2517            .get(self.id)
2518            .and_then(|window| {
2519                window
2520                    .as_ref()
2521                    .and_then(|window| window.root_view.clone())
2522                    .map(|root_view| root_view.downcast::<V>())
2523            })
2524            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("window not found"))?
2525            .map_err(|_| anyhow!("the type of the window's root view has changed"))?;
2526
2527        Ok(x.read(cx))
2528    }
2529
2530    /// Read the root view out of this window, with a callback
2531    ///
2532    /// This will fail if the window is closed or if the root view's type does not match `V`.
2533    pub fn read_with<C, R>(&self, cx: &C, read_with: impl FnOnce(&V, &AppContext) -> R) -> Result<R>
2534    where
2535        C: Context,
2536    {
2537        cx.read_window(self, |root_view, cx| read_with(root_view.read(cx), cx))
2538    }
2539
2540    /// Read the root view pointer off of this window.
2541    ///
2542    /// This will fail if the window is closed or if the root view's type does not match `V`.
2543    pub fn root_view<C>(&self, cx: &C) -> Result<View<V>>
2544    where
2545        C: Context,
2546    {
2547        cx.read_window(self, |root_view, _cx| root_view.clone())
2548    }
2549
2550    /// Check if this window is 'active'.
2551    ///
2552    /// Will return `None` if the window is closed.
2553    pub fn is_active(&self, cx: &AppContext) -> Option<bool> {
2554        cx.windows
2555            .get(self.id)
2556            .and_then(|window| window.as_ref().map(|window| window.active))
2557    }
2558}
2559
2560impl<V> Copy for WindowHandle<V> {}
2561
2562impl<V> Clone for WindowHandle<V> {
2563    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
2564        *self
2565    }
2566}
2567
2568impl<V> PartialEq for WindowHandle<V> {
2569    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
2570        self.any_handle == other.any_handle
2571    }
2572}
2573
2574impl<V> Eq for WindowHandle<V> {}
2575
2576impl<V> Hash for WindowHandle<V> {
2577    fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
2578        self.any_handle.hash(state);
2579    }
2580}
2581
2582impl<V: 'static> From<WindowHandle<V>> for AnyWindowHandle {
2583    fn from(val: WindowHandle<V>) -> Self {
2584        val.any_handle
2585    }
2586}
2587
2588/// A handle to a window with any root view type, which can be downcast to a window with a specific root view type.
2589#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
2590pub struct AnyWindowHandle {
2591    pub(crate) id: WindowId,
2592    state_type: TypeId,
2593}
2594
2595impl AnyWindowHandle {
2596    /// Get the ID of this window.
2597    pub fn window_id(&self) -> WindowId {
2598        self.id
2599    }
2600
2601    /// Attempt to convert this handle to a window handle with a specific root view type.
2602    /// If the types do not match, this will return `None`.
2603    pub fn downcast<T: 'static>(&self) -> Option<WindowHandle<T>> {
2604        if TypeId::of::<T>() == self.state_type {
2605            Some(WindowHandle {
2606                any_handle: *self,
2607                state_type: PhantomData,
2608            })
2609        } else {
2610            None
2611        }
2612    }
2613
2614    /// Updates the state of the root view of this window.
2615    ///
2616    /// This will fail if the window has been closed.
2617    pub fn update<C, R>(
2618        self,
2619        cx: &mut C,
2620        update: impl FnOnce(AnyView, &mut WindowContext<'_>) -> R,
2621    ) -> Result<R>
2622    where
2623        C: Context,
2624    {
2625        cx.update_window(self, update)
2626    }
2627
2628    /// Read the state of the root view of this window.
2629    ///
2630    /// This will fail if the window has been closed.
2631    pub fn read<T, C, R>(self, cx: &C, read: impl FnOnce(View<T>, &AppContext) -> R) -> Result<R>
2632    where
2633        C: Context,
2634        T: 'static,
2635    {
2636        let view = self
2637            .downcast::<T>()
2638            .context("the type of the window's root view has changed")?;
2639
2640        cx.read_window(&view, read)
2641    }
2642}
2643
2644/// An identifier for an [`Element`](crate::Element).
2645///
2646/// Can be constructed with a string, a number, or both, as well
2647/// as other internal representations.
2648#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
2649pub enum ElementId {
2650    /// The ID of a View element
2651    View(EntityId),
2652    /// An integer ID.
2653    Integer(usize),
2654    /// A string based ID.
2655    Name(SharedString),
2656    /// An ID that's equated with a focus handle.
2657    FocusHandle(FocusId),
2658    /// A combination of a name and an integer.
2659    NamedInteger(SharedString, usize),
2660}
2661
2662impl Display for ElementId {
2663    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
2664        match self {
2665            ElementId::View(entity_id) => write!(f, "view-{}", entity_id)?,
2666            ElementId::Integer(ix) => write!(f, "{}", ix)?,
2667            ElementId::Name(name) => write!(f, "{}", name)?,
2668            ElementId::FocusHandle(_) => write!(f, "FocusHandle")?,
2669            ElementId::NamedInteger(s, i) => write!(f, "{}-{}", s, i)?,
2670        }
2671
2672        Ok(())
2673    }
2674}
2675
2676impl ElementId {
2677    pub(crate) fn from_entity_id(entity_id: EntityId) -> Self {
2678        ElementId::View(entity_id)
2679    }
2680}
2681
2682impl TryInto<SharedString> for ElementId {
2683    type Error = anyhow::Error;
2684
2685    fn try_into(self) -> anyhow::Result<SharedString> {
2686        if let ElementId::Name(name) = self {
2687            Ok(name)
2688        } else {
2689            Err(anyhow!("element id is not string"))
2690        }
2691    }
2692}
2693
2694impl From<usize> for ElementId {
2695    fn from(id: usize) -> Self {
2696        ElementId::Integer(id)
2697    }
2698}
2699
2700impl From<i32> for ElementId {
2701    fn from(id: i32) -> Self {
2702        Self::Integer(id as usize)
2703    }
2704}
2705
2706impl From<SharedString> for ElementId {
2707    fn from(name: SharedString) -> Self {
2708        ElementId::Name(name)
2709    }
2710}
2711
2712impl From<&'static str> for ElementId {
2713    fn from(name: &'static str) -> Self {
2714        ElementId::Name(name.into())
2715    }
2716}
2717
2718impl<'a> From<&'a FocusHandle> for ElementId {
2719    fn from(handle: &'a FocusHandle) -> Self {
2720        ElementId::FocusHandle(handle.id)
2721    }
2722}
2723
2724impl From<(&'static str, EntityId)> for ElementId {
2725    fn from((name, id): (&'static str, EntityId)) -> Self {
2726        ElementId::NamedInteger(name.into(), id.as_u64() as usize)
2727    }
2728}
2729
2730impl From<(&'static str, usize)> for ElementId {
2731    fn from((name, id): (&'static str, usize)) -> Self {
2732        ElementId::NamedInteger(name.into(), id)
2733    }
2734}
2735
2736impl From<(&'static str, u64)> for ElementId {
2737    fn from((name, id): (&'static str, u64)) -> Self {
2738        ElementId::NamedInteger(name.into(), id as usize)
2739    }
2740}
2741
2742/// A rectangle to be rendered in the window at the given position and size.
2743/// Passed as an argument [`ElementContext::paint_quad`].
2744#[derive(Clone)]
2745pub struct PaintQuad {
2746    bounds: Bounds<Pixels>,
2747    corner_radii: Corners<Pixels>,
2748    background: Hsla,
2749    border_widths: Edges<Pixels>,
2750    border_color: Hsla,
2751}
2752
2753impl PaintQuad {
2754    /// Sets the corner radii of the quad.
2755    pub fn corner_radii(self, corner_radii: impl Into<Corners<Pixels>>) -> Self {
2756        PaintQuad {
2757            corner_radii: corner_radii.into(),
2758            ..self
2759        }
2760    }
2761
2762    /// Sets the border widths of the quad.
2763    pub fn border_widths(self, border_widths: impl Into<Edges<Pixels>>) -> Self {
2764        PaintQuad {
2765            border_widths: border_widths.into(),
2766            ..self
2767        }
2768    }
2769
2770    /// Sets the border color of the quad.
2771    pub fn border_color(self, border_color: impl Into<Hsla>) -> Self {
2772        PaintQuad {
2773            border_color: border_color.into(),
2774            ..self
2775        }
2776    }
2777
2778    /// Sets the background color of the quad.
2779    pub fn background(self, background: impl Into<Hsla>) -> Self {
2780        PaintQuad {
2781            background: background.into(),
2782            ..self
2783        }
2784    }
2785}
2786
2787/// Creates a quad with the given parameters.
2788pub fn quad(
2789    bounds: Bounds<Pixels>,
2790    corner_radii: impl Into<Corners<Pixels>>,
2791    background: impl Into<Hsla>,
2792    border_widths: impl Into<Edges<Pixels>>,
2793    border_color: impl Into<Hsla>,
2794) -> PaintQuad {
2795    PaintQuad {
2796        bounds,
2797        corner_radii: corner_radii.into(),
2798        background: background.into(),
2799        border_widths: border_widths.into(),
2800        border_color: border_color.into(),
2801    }
2802}
2803
2804/// Creates a filled quad with the given bounds and background color.
2805pub fn fill(bounds: impl Into<Bounds<Pixels>>, background: impl Into<Hsla>) -> PaintQuad {
2806    PaintQuad {
2807        bounds: bounds.into(),
2808        corner_radii: (0.).into(),
2809        background: background.into(),
2810        border_widths: (0.).into(),
2811        border_color: transparent_black(),
2812    }
2813}
2814
2815/// Creates a rectangle outline with the given bounds, border color, and a 1px border width
2816pub fn outline(bounds: impl Into<Bounds<Pixels>>, border_color: impl Into<Hsla>) -> PaintQuad {
2817    PaintQuad {
2818        bounds: bounds.into(),
2819        corner_radii: (0.).into(),
2820        background: transparent_black(),
2821        border_widths: (1.).into(),
2822        border_color: border_color.into(),
2823    }
2824}