window.rs

   1use crate::{
   2    px, size, Action, AnyBox, AnyDrag, AnyView, AppContext, AsyncWindowContext, AvailableSpace,
   3    Bounds, BoxShadow, Context, Corners, DevicePixels, DispatchContext, DisplayId, Edges, Effect,
   4    Entity, EntityId, EventEmitter, FileDropEvent, FocusEvent, FontId, GlobalElementId, GlyphId,
   5    Hsla, ImageData, InputEvent, IsZero, KeyListener, KeyMatch, KeyMatcher, Keystroke, LayoutId,
   6    MainThread, MainThreadOnly, Model, ModelContext, Modifiers, MonochromeSprite, MouseButton,
   7    MouseDownEvent, MouseMoveEvent, MouseUpEvent, Path, Pixels, PlatformAtlas, PlatformWindow,
   8    Point, PolychromeSprite, Quad, Render, RenderGlyphParams, RenderImageParams, RenderSvgParams,
   9    ScaledPixels, SceneBuilder, Shadow, SharedString, Size, Style, Subscription, TaffyLayoutEngine,
  10    Task, Underline, UnderlineStyle, UpdateView, View, VisualContext, WeakView, WindowOptions,
  11    SUBPIXEL_VARIANTS,
  12};
  13use anyhow::{anyhow, Result};
  14use collections::HashMap;
  15use derive_more::{Deref, DerefMut};
  16use parking_lot::RwLock;
  17use slotmap::SlotMap;
  18use smallvec::SmallVec;
  19use std::{
  20    any::{Any, TypeId},
  21    borrow::{Borrow, BorrowMut, Cow},
  22    fmt::Debug,
  23    future::Future,
  24    hash::{Hash, Hasher},
  25    marker::PhantomData,
  26    mem,
  27    sync::{
  28        atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering::SeqCst},
  29        Arc,
  30    },
  31};
  32use util::ResultExt;
  33
  34/// A global stacking order, which is created by stacking successive z-index values.
  35/// Each z-index will always be interpreted in the context of its parent z-index.
  36#[derive(Deref, DerefMut, Ord, PartialOrd, Eq, PartialEq, Clone, Default)]
  37pub(crate) struct StackingOrder(pub(crate) SmallVec<[u32; 16]>);
  38
  39/// Represents the two different phases when dispatching events.
  40#[derive(Default, Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
  41pub enum DispatchPhase {
  42    /// After the capture phase comes the bubble phase, in which mouse event listeners are
  43    /// invoked front to back and keyboard event listeners are invoked from the focused element
  44    /// to the root of the element tree. This is the phase you'll most commonly want to use when
  45    /// registering event listeners.
  46    #[default]
  47    Bubble,
  48    /// During the initial capture phase, mouse event listeners are invoked back to front, and keyboard
  49    /// listeners are invoked from the root of the tree downward toward the focused element. This phase
  50    /// is used for special purposes such as clearing the "pressed" state for click events. If
  51    /// you stop event propagation during this phase, you need to know what you're doing. Handlers
  52    /// outside of the immediate region may rely on detecting non-local events during this phase.
  53    Capture,
  54}
  55
  56type AnyListener = Box<dyn Fn(&dyn Any, DispatchPhase, &mut WindowContext) + Send + 'static>;
  57type AnyKeyListener = Box<
  58    dyn Fn(
  59            &dyn Any,
  60            &[&DispatchContext],
  61            DispatchPhase,
  62            &mut WindowContext,
  63        ) -> Option<Box<dyn Action>>
  64        + Send
  65        + 'static,
  66>;
  67type AnyFocusListener = Box<dyn Fn(&FocusEvent, &mut WindowContext) + Send + 'static>;
  68
  69slotmap::new_key_type! { pub struct FocusId; }
  70
  71/// A handle which can be used to track and manipulate the focused element in a window.
  72pub struct FocusHandle {
  73    pub(crate) id: FocusId,
  74    handles: Arc<RwLock<SlotMap<FocusId, AtomicUsize>>>,
  75}
  76
  77impl FocusHandle {
  78    pub(crate) fn new(handles: &Arc<RwLock<SlotMap<FocusId, AtomicUsize>>>) -> Self {
  79        let id = handles.write().insert(AtomicUsize::new(1));
  80        Self {
  81            id,
  82            handles: handles.clone(),
  83        }
  84    }
  85
  86    pub(crate) fn for_id(
  87        id: FocusId,
  88        handles: &Arc<RwLock<SlotMap<FocusId, AtomicUsize>>>,
  89    ) -> Option<Self> {
  90        let lock = handles.read();
  91        let ref_count = lock.get(id)?;
  92        if ref_count.load(SeqCst) == 0 {
  93            None
  94        } else {
  95            ref_count.fetch_add(1, SeqCst);
  96            Some(Self {
  97                id,
  98                handles: handles.clone(),
  99            })
 100        }
 101    }
 102
 103    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle is currently focused.
 104    pub fn is_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 105        cx.window.focus == Some(self.id)
 106    }
 107
 108    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle contains the focused
 109    /// element or is itself focused.
 110    pub fn contains_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 111        cx.focused()
 112            .map_or(false, |focused| self.contains(&focused, cx))
 113    }
 114
 115    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle is contained within the
 116    /// focused element or is itself focused.
 117    pub fn within_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 118        let focused = cx.focused();
 119        focused.map_or(false, |focused| focused.contains(self, cx))
 120    }
 121
 122    /// Obtains whether this handle contains the given handle in the most recently rendered frame.
 123    pub(crate) fn contains(&self, other: &Self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 124        let mut ancestor = Some(other.id);
 125        while let Some(ancestor_id) = ancestor {
 126            if self.id == ancestor_id {
 127                return true;
 128            } else {
 129                ancestor = cx.window.focus_parents_by_child.get(&ancestor_id).copied();
 130            }
 131        }
 132        false
 133    }
 134}
 135
 136impl Clone for FocusHandle {
 137    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
 138        Self::for_id(self.id, &self.handles).unwrap()
 139    }
 140}
 141
 142impl PartialEq for FocusHandle {
 143    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
 144        self.id == other.id
 145    }
 146}
 147
 148impl Eq for FocusHandle {}
 149
 150impl Drop for FocusHandle {
 151    fn drop(&mut self) {
 152        self.handles
 153            .read()
 154            .get(self.id)
 155            .unwrap()
 156            .fetch_sub(1, SeqCst);
 157    }
 158}
 159
 160// Holds the state for a specific window.
 161pub struct Window {
 162    pub(crate) handle: AnyWindowHandle,
 163    platform_window: MainThreadOnly<Box<dyn PlatformWindow>>,
 164    display_id: DisplayId,
 165    sprite_atlas: Arc<dyn PlatformAtlas>,
 166    rem_size: Pixels,
 167    content_size: Size<Pixels>,
 168    pub(crate) layout_engine: TaffyLayoutEngine,
 169    pub(crate) root_view: Option<AnyView>,
 170    pub(crate) element_id_stack: GlobalElementId,
 171    prev_frame_element_states: HashMap<GlobalElementId, AnyBox>,
 172    element_states: HashMap<GlobalElementId, AnyBox>,
 173    prev_frame_key_matchers: HashMap<GlobalElementId, KeyMatcher>,
 174    key_matchers: HashMap<GlobalElementId, KeyMatcher>,
 175    z_index_stack: StackingOrder,
 176    content_mask_stack: Vec<ContentMask<Pixels>>,
 177    element_offset_stack: Vec<Point<Pixels>>,
 178    mouse_listeners: HashMap<TypeId, Vec<(StackingOrder, AnyListener)>>,
 179    key_dispatch_stack: Vec<KeyDispatchStackFrame>,
 180    freeze_key_dispatch_stack: bool,
 181    focus_stack: Vec<FocusId>,
 182    focus_parents_by_child: HashMap<FocusId, FocusId>,
 183    pub(crate) focus_listeners: Vec<AnyFocusListener>,
 184    pub(crate) focus_handles: Arc<RwLock<SlotMap<FocusId, AtomicUsize>>>,
 185    default_prevented: bool,
 186    mouse_position: Point<Pixels>,
 187    scale_factor: f32,
 188    pub(crate) scene_builder: SceneBuilder,
 189    pub(crate) dirty: bool,
 190    pub(crate) last_blur: Option<Option<FocusId>>,
 191    pub(crate) focus: Option<FocusId>,
 192}
 193
 194impl Window {
 195    pub(crate) fn new(
 196        handle: AnyWindowHandle,
 197        options: WindowOptions,
 198        cx: &mut MainThread<AppContext>,
 199    ) -> Self {
 200        let platform_window = cx.platform().open_window(handle, options);
 201        let display_id = platform_window.display().id();
 202        let sprite_atlas = platform_window.sprite_atlas();
 203        let mouse_position = platform_window.mouse_position();
 204        let content_size = platform_window.content_size();
 205        let scale_factor = platform_window.scale_factor();
 206        platform_window.on_resize(Box::new({
 207            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 208            move |content_size, scale_factor| {
 209                handle
 210                    .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| {
 211                        cx.window.scale_factor = scale_factor;
 212                        cx.window.scene_builder = SceneBuilder::new();
 213                        cx.window.content_size = content_size;
 214                        cx.window.display_id = cx
 215                            .window
 216                            .platform_window
 217                            .borrow_on_main_thread()
 218                            .display()
 219                            .id();
 220                        cx.window.dirty = true;
 221                    })
 222                    .log_err();
 223            }
 224        }));
 225
 226        platform_window.on_input({
 227            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 228            Box::new(move |event| {
 229                handle
 230                    .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| cx.dispatch_event(event))
 231                    .log_err()
 232                    .unwrap_or(true)
 233            })
 234        });
 235
 236        let platform_window = MainThreadOnly::new(Arc::new(platform_window), cx.executor.clone());
 237
 238        Window {
 239            handle,
 240            platform_window,
 241            display_id,
 242            sprite_atlas,
 243            rem_size: px(16.),
 244            content_size,
 245            layout_engine: TaffyLayoutEngine::new(),
 246            root_view: None,
 247            element_id_stack: GlobalElementId::default(),
 248            prev_frame_element_states: HashMap::default(),
 249            element_states: HashMap::default(),
 250            prev_frame_key_matchers: HashMap::default(),
 251            key_matchers: HashMap::default(),
 252            z_index_stack: StackingOrder(SmallVec::new()),
 253            content_mask_stack: Vec::new(),
 254            element_offset_stack: Vec::new(),
 255            mouse_listeners: HashMap::default(),
 256            key_dispatch_stack: Vec::new(),
 257            freeze_key_dispatch_stack: false,
 258            focus_stack: Vec::new(),
 259            focus_parents_by_child: HashMap::default(),
 260            focus_listeners: Vec::new(),
 261            focus_handles: Arc::new(RwLock::new(SlotMap::with_key())),
 262            default_prevented: true,
 263            mouse_position,
 264            scale_factor,
 265            scene_builder: SceneBuilder::new(),
 266            dirty: true,
 267            last_blur: None,
 268            focus: None,
 269        }
 270    }
 271}
 272
 273/// When constructing the element tree, we maintain a stack of key dispatch frames until we
 274/// find the focused element. We interleave key listeners with dispatch contexts so we can use the
 275/// contexts when matching key events against the keymap.
 276enum KeyDispatchStackFrame {
 277    Listener {
 278        event_type: TypeId,
 279        listener: AnyKeyListener,
 280    },
 281    Context(DispatchContext),
 282}
 283
 284/// Indicates which region of the window is visible. Content falling outside of this mask will not be
 285/// rendered. Currently, only rectangular content masks are supported, but we give the mask its own type
 286/// to leave room to support more complex shapes in the future.
 287#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
 288#[repr(C)]
 289pub struct ContentMask<P: Clone + Default + Debug> {
 290    pub bounds: Bounds<P>,
 291}
 292
 293impl ContentMask<Pixels> {
 294    /// Scale the content mask's pixel units by the given scaling factor.
 295    pub fn scale(&self, factor: f32) -> ContentMask<ScaledPixels> {
 296        ContentMask {
 297            bounds: self.bounds.scale(factor),
 298        }
 299    }
 300
 301    /// Intersect the content mask with the given content mask.
 302    pub fn intersect(&self, other: &Self) -> Self {
 303        let bounds = self.bounds.intersect(&other.bounds);
 304        ContentMask { bounds }
 305    }
 306}
 307
 308/// Provides access to application state in the context of a single window. Derefs
 309/// to an `AppContext`, so you can also pass a `WindowContext` to any method that takes
 310/// an `AppContext` and call any `AppContext` methods.
 311pub struct WindowContext<'a> {
 312    pub(crate) app: &'a mut AppContext,
 313    pub(crate) window: &'a mut Window,
 314}
 315
 316impl<'a> WindowContext<'a> {
 317    pub(crate) fn new(app: &'a mut AppContext, window: &'a mut Window) -> Self {
 318        Self { app, window }
 319    }
 320
 321    /// Obtain a handle to the window that belongs to this context.
 322    pub fn window_handle(&self) -> AnyWindowHandle {
 323        self.window.handle
 324    }
 325
 326    /// Mark the window as dirty, scheduling it to be redrawn on the next frame.
 327    pub fn notify(&mut self) {
 328        self.window.dirty = true;
 329    }
 330
 331    /// Obtain a new `FocusHandle`, which allows you to track and manipulate the keyboard focus
 332    /// for elements rendered within this window.
 333    pub fn focus_handle(&mut self) -> FocusHandle {
 334        FocusHandle::new(&self.window.focus_handles)
 335    }
 336
 337    /// Obtain the currently focused `FocusHandle`. If no elements are focused, returns `None`.
 338    pub fn focused(&self) -> Option<FocusHandle> {
 339        self.window
 340            .focus
 341            .and_then(|id| FocusHandle::for_id(id, &self.window.focus_handles))
 342    }
 343
 344    /// Move focus to the element associated with the given `FocusHandle`.
 345    pub fn focus(&mut self, handle: &FocusHandle) {
 346        if self.window.last_blur.is_none() {
 347            self.window.last_blur = Some(self.window.focus);
 348        }
 349
 350        self.window.focus = Some(handle.id);
 351        self.app.push_effect(Effect::FocusChanged {
 352            window_handle: self.window.handle,
 353            focused: Some(handle.id),
 354        });
 355        self.notify();
 356    }
 357
 358    /// Remove focus from all elements within this context's window.
 359    pub fn blur(&mut self) {
 360        if self.window.last_blur.is_none() {
 361            self.window.last_blur = Some(self.window.focus);
 362        }
 363
 364        self.window.focus = None;
 365        self.app.push_effect(Effect::FocusChanged {
 366            window_handle: self.window.handle,
 367            focused: None,
 368        });
 369        self.notify();
 370    }
 371
 372    /// Schedules the given function to be run at the end of the current effect cycle, allowing entities
 373    /// that are currently on the stack to be returned to the app.
 374    pub fn defer(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut WindowContext) + 'static + Send) {
 375        let handle = self.window.handle;
 376        self.app.defer(move |cx| {
 377            handle.update(cx, |_, cx| f(cx)).ok();
 378        });
 379    }
 380
 381    pub fn subscribe<Emitter, E>(
 382        &mut self,
 383        entity: &E,
 384        mut on_event: impl FnMut(E, &Emitter::Event, &mut WindowContext<'_>) + Send + 'static,
 385    ) -> Subscription
 386    where
 387        Emitter: EventEmitter,
 388        E: Entity<Emitter>,
 389    {
 390        let entity_id = entity.entity_id();
 391        let entity = entity.downgrade();
 392        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
 393        self.app.event_listeners.insert(
 394            entity_id,
 395            Box::new(move |event, cx| {
 396                window_handle
 397                    .update(cx, |_, cx| {
 398                        if let Some(handle) = E::upgrade_from(&entity) {
 399                            let event = event.downcast_ref().expect("invalid event type");
 400                            on_event(handle, event, cx);
 401                            true
 402                        } else {
 403                            false
 404                        }
 405                    })
 406                    .unwrap_or(false)
 407            }),
 408        )
 409    }
 410
 411    /// Schedule the given closure to be run on the main thread. It will be invoked with
 412    /// a `MainThread<WindowContext>`, which provides access to platform-specific functionality
 413    /// of the window.
 414    pub fn run_on_main<R>(
 415        &mut self,
 416        f: impl FnOnce(&mut MainThread<WindowContext<'_>>) -> R + Send + 'static,
 417    ) -> Task<Result<R>>
 418    where
 419        R: Send + 'static,
 420    {
 421        if self.executor.is_main_thread() {
 422            Task::ready(Ok(f(unsafe {
 423                mem::transmute::<&mut Self, &mut MainThread<Self>>(self)
 424            })))
 425        } else {
 426            let handle = self.window.handle;
 427            self.app
 428                .run_on_main(move |cx| handle.update(cx, |_, cx| f(cx)))
 429        }
 430    }
 431
 432    /// Create an `AsyncWindowContext`, which has a static lifetime and can be held across
 433    /// await points in async code.
 434    pub fn to_async(&self) -> AsyncWindowContext {
 435        AsyncWindowContext::new(self.app.to_async(), self.window.handle)
 436    }
 437
 438    /// Schedule the given closure to be run directly after the current frame is rendered.
 439    pub fn on_next_frame(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut WindowContext) + Send + 'static) {
 440        let f = Box::new(f);
 441        let display_id = self.window.display_id;
 442        self.run_on_main(move |cx| {
 443            if let Some(callbacks) = cx.next_frame_callbacks.get_mut(&display_id) {
 444                callbacks.push(f);
 445                // If there was already a callback, it means that we already scheduled a frame.
 446                if callbacks.len() > 1 {
 447                    return;
 448                }
 449            } else {
 450                let mut async_cx = cx.to_async();
 451                cx.next_frame_callbacks.insert(display_id, vec![f]);
 452                cx.platform().set_display_link_output_callback(
 453                    display_id,
 454                    Box::new(move |_current_time, _output_time| {
 455                        let _ = async_cx.update(|_, cx| {
 456                            let callbacks = cx
 457                                .next_frame_callbacks
 458                                .get_mut(&display_id)
 459                                .unwrap()
 460                                .drain(..)
 461                                .collect::<Vec<_>>();
 462                            for callback in callbacks {
 463                                callback(cx);
 464                            }
 465
 466                            cx.run_on_main(move |cx| {
 467                                if cx.next_frame_callbacks.get(&display_id).unwrap().is_empty() {
 468                                    cx.platform().stop_display_link(display_id);
 469                                }
 470                            })
 471                            .detach();
 472                        });
 473                    }),
 474                );
 475            }
 476
 477            cx.platform().start_display_link(display_id);
 478        })
 479        .detach();
 480    }
 481
 482    /// Spawn the future returned by the given closure on the application thread pool.
 483    /// The closure is provided a handle to the current window and an `AsyncWindowContext` for
 484    /// use within your future.
 485    pub fn spawn<Fut, R>(
 486        &mut self,
 487        f: impl FnOnce(AnyWindowHandle, AsyncWindowContext) -> Fut,
 488    ) -> Task<R>
 489    where
 490        R: Send + 'static,
 491        Fut: Future<Output = R> + Send + 'static,
 492    {
 493        let window = self.window.handle;
 494        self.app.spawn(move |app| {
 495            let cx = AsyncWindowContext::new(app, window);
 496            f(window, cx)
 497        })
 498    }
 499
 500    /// Update the global of the given type. The given closure is given simultaneous mutable
 501    /// access both to the global and the context.
 502    pub fn update_global<G, R>(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut G, &mut Self) -> R) -> R
 503    where
 504        G: 'static,
 505    {
 506        let mut global = self.app.lease_global::<G>();
 507        let result = f(&mut global, self);
 508        self.app.end_global_lease(global);
 509        result
 510    }
 511
 512    /// Add a node to the layout tree for the current frame. Takes the `Style` of the element for which
 513    /// layout is being requested, along with the layout ids of any children. This method is called during
 514    /// calls to the `Element::layout` trait method and enables any element to participate in layout.
 515    pub fn request_layout(
 516        &mut self,
 517        style: &Style,
 518        children: impl IntoIterator<Item = LayoutId>,
 519    ) -> LayoutId {
 520        self.app.layout_id_buffer.clear();
 521        self.app.layout_id_buffer.extend(children.into_iter());
 522        let rem_size = self.rem_size();
 523
 524        self.window
 525            .layout_engine
 526            .request_layout(style, rem_size, &self.app.layout_id_buffer)
 527    }
 528
 529    /// Add a node to the layout tree for the current frame. Instead of taking a `Style` and children,
 530    /// this variant takes a function that is invoked during layout so you can use arbitrary logic to
 531    /// determine the element's size. One place this is used internally is when measuring text.
 532    ///
 533    /// The given closure is invoked at layout time with the known dimensions and available space and
 534    /// returns a `Size`.
 535    pub fn request_measured_layout<
 536        F: Fn(Size<Option<Pixels>>, Size<AvailableSpace>) -> Size<Pixels> + Send + Sync + 'static,
 537    >(
 538        &mut self,
 539        style: Style,
 540        rem_size: Pixels,
 541        measure: F,
 542    ) -> LayoutId {
 543        self.window
 544            .layout_engine
 545            .request_measured_layout(style, rem_size, measure)
 546    }
 547
 548    /// Obtain the bounds computed for the given LayoutId relative to the window. This method should not
 549    /// be invoked until the paint phase begins, and will usually be invoked by GPUI itself automatically
 550    /// in order to pass your element its `Bounds` automatically.
 551    pub fn layout_bounds(&mut self, layout_id: LayoutId) -> Bounds<Pixels> {
 552        let mut bounds = self
 553            .window
 554            .layout_engine
 555            .layout_bounds(layout_id)
 556            .map(Into::into);
 557        bounds.origin += self.element_offset();
 558        bounds
 559    }
 560
 561    /// The scale factor of the display associated with the window. For example, it could
 562    /// return 2.0 for a "retina" display, indicating that each logical pixel should actually
 563    /// be rendered as two pixels on screen.
 564    pub fn scale_factor(&self) -> f32 {
 565        self.window.scale_factor
 566    }
 567
 568    /// The size of an em for the base font of the application. Adjusting this value allows the
 569    /// UI to scale, just like zooming a web page.
 570    pub fn rem_size(&self) -> Pixels {
 571        self.window.rem_size
 572    }
 573
 574    /// The line height associated with the current text style.
 575    pub fn line_height(&self) -> Pixels {
 576        let rem_size = self.rem_size();
 577        let text_style = self.text_style();
 578        text_style
 579            .line_height
 580            .to_pixels(text_style.font_size.into(), rem_size)
 581    }
 582
 583    /// Call to prevent the default action of an event. Currently only used to prevent
 584    /// parent elements from becoming focused on mouse down.
 585    pub fn prevent_default(&mut self) {
 586        self.window.default_prevented = true;
 587    }
 588
 589    /// Obtain whether default has been prevented for the event currently being dispatched.
 590    pub fn default_prevented(&self) -> bool {
 591        self.window.default_prevented
 592    }
 593
 594    /// Register a mouse event listener on the window for the current frame. The type of event
 595    /// is determined by the first parameter of the given listener. When the next frame is rendered
 596    /// the listener will be cleared.
 597    ///
 598    /// This is a fairly low-level method, so prefer using event handlers on elements unless you have
 599    /// a specific need to register a global listener.
 600    pub fn on_mouse_event<Event: 'static>(
 601        &mut self,
 602        handler: impl Fn(&Event, DispatchPhase, &mut WindowContext) + Send + 'static,
 603    ) {
 604        let order = self.window.z_index_stack.clone();
 605        self.window
 606            .mouse_listeners
 607            .entry(TypeId::of::<Event>())
 608            .or_default()
 609            .push((
 610                order,
 611                Box::new(move |event: &dyn Any, phase, cx| {
 612                    handler(event.downcast_ref().unwrap(), phase, cx)
 613                }),
 614            ))
 615    }
 616
 617    /// The position of the mouse relative to the window.
 618    pub fn mouse_position(&self) -> Point<Pixels> {
 619        self.window.mouse_position
 620    }
 621
 622    /// Called during painting to invoke the given closure in a new stacking context. The given
 623    /// z-index is interpreted relative to the previous call to `stack`.
 624    pub fn stack<R>(&mut self, z_index: u32, f: impl FnOnce(&mut Self) -> R) -> R {
 625        self.window.z_index_stack.push(z_index);
 626        let result = f(self);
 627        self.window.z_index_stack.pop();
 628        result
 629    }
 630
 631    /// Paint one or more drop shadows into the scene for the current frame at the current z-index.
 632    pub fn paint_shadows(
 633        &mut self,
 634        bounds: Bounds<Pixels>,
 635        corner_radii: Corners<Pixels>,
 636        shadows: &[BoxShadow],
 637    ) {
 638        let scale_factor = self.scale_factor();
 639        let content_mask = self.content_mask();
 640        let window = &mut *self.window;
 641        for shadow in shadows {
 642            let mut shadow_bounds = bounds;
 643            shadow_bounds.origin += shadow.offset;
 644            shadow_bounds.dilate(shadow.spread_radius);
 645            window.scene_builder.insert(
 646                &window.z_index_stack,
 647                Shadow {
 648                    order: 0,
 649                    bounds: shadow_bounds.scale(scale_factor),
 650                    content_mask: content_mask.scale(scale_factor),
 651                    corner_radii: corner_radii.scale(scale_factor),
 652                    color: shadow.color,
 653                    blur_radius: shadow.blur_radius.scale(scale_factor),
 654                },
 655            );
 656        }
 657    }
 658
 659    /// Paint one or more quads into the scene for the current frame at the current stacking context.
 660    /// Quads are colored rectangular regions with an optional background, border, and corner radius.
 661    pub fn paint_quad(
 662        &mut self,
 663        bounds: Bounds<Pixels>,
 664        corner_radii: Corners<Pixels>,
 665        background: impl Into<Hsla>,
 666        border_widths: Edges<Pixels>,
 667        border_color: impl Into<Hsla>,
 668    ) {
 669        let scale_factor = self.scale_factor();
 670        let content_mask = self.content_mask();
 671
 672        let window = &mut *self.window;
 673        window.scene_builder.insert(
 674            &window.z_index_stack,
 675            Quad {
 676                order: 0,
 677                bounds: bounds.scale(scale_factor),
 678                content_mask: content_mask.scale(scale_factor),
 679                background: background.into(),
 680                border_color: border_color.into(),
 681                corner_radii: corner_radii.scale(scale_factor),
 682                border_widths: border_widths.scale(scale_factor),
 683            },
 684        );
 685    }
 686
 687    /// Paint the given `Path` into the scene for the current frame at the current z-index.
 688    pub fn paint_path(&mut self, mut path: Path<Pixels>, color: impl Into<Hsla>) {
 689        let scale_factor = self.scale_factor();
 690        let content_mask = self.content_mask();
 691        path.content_mask = content_mask;
 692        path.color = color.into();
 693        let window = &mut *self.window;
 694        window
 695            .scene_builder
 696            .insert(&window.z_index_stack, path.scale(scale_factor));
 697    }
 698
 699    /// Paint an underline into the scene for the current frame at the current z-index.
 700    pub fn paint_underline(
 701        &mut self,
 702        origin: Point<Pixels>,
 703        width: Pixels,
 704        style: &UnderlineStyle,
 705    ) -> Result<()> {
 706        let scale_factor = self.scale_factor();
 707        let height = if style.wavy {
 708            style.thickness * 3.
 709        } else {
 710            style.thickness
 711        };
 712        let bounds = Bounds {
 713            origin,
 714            size: size(width, height),
 715        };
 716        let content_mask = self.content_mask();
 717        let window = &mut *self.window;
 718        window.scene_builder.insert(
 719            &window.z_index_stack,
 720            Underline {
 721                order: 0,
 722                bounds: bounds.scale(scale_factor),
 723                content_mask: content_mask.scale(scale_factor),
 724                thickness: style.thickness.scale(scale_factor),
 725                color: style.color.unwrap_or_default(),
 726                wavy: style.wavy,
 727            },
 728        );
 729        Ok(())
 730    }
 731
 732    /// Paint a monochrome (non-emoji) glyph into the scene for the current frame at the current z-index.
 733    pub fn paint_glyph(
 734        &mut self,
 735        origin: Point<Pixels>,
 736        font_id: FontId,
 737        glyph_id: GlyphId,
 738        font_size: Pixels,
 739        color: Hsla,
 740    ) -> Result<()> {
 741        let scale_factor = self.scale_factor();
 742        let glyph_origin = origin.scale(scale_factor);
 743        let subpixel_variant = Point {
 744            x: (glyph_origin.x.0.fract() * SUBPIXEL_VARIANTS as f32).floor() as u8,
 745            y: (glyph_origin.y.0.fract() * SUBPIXEL_VARIANTS as f32).floor() as u8,
 746        };
 747        let params = RenderGlyphParams {
 748            font_id,
 749            glyph_id,
 750            font_size,
 751            subpixel_variant,
 752            scale_factor,
 753            is_emoji: false,
 754        };
 755
 756        let raster_bounds = self.text_system().raster_bounds(&params)?;
 757        if !raster_bounds.is_zero() {
 758            let tile =
 759                self.window
 760                    .sprite_atlas
 761                    .get_or_insert_with(&params.clone().into(), &mut || {
 762                        let (size, bytes) = self.text_system().rasterize_glyph(&params)?;
 763                        Ok((size, Cow::Owned(bytes)))
 764                    })?;
 765            let bounds = Bounds {
 766                origin: glyph_origin.map(|px| px.floor()) + raster_bounds.origin.map(Into::into),
 767                size: tile.bounds.size.map(Into::into),
 768            };
 769            let content_mask = self.content_mask().scale(scale_factor);
 770            let window = &mut *self.window;
 771            window.scene_builder.insert(
 772                &window.z_index_stack,
 773                MonochromeSprite {
 774                    order: 0,
 775                    bounds,
 776                    content_mask,
 777                    color,
 778                    tile,
 779                },
 780            );
 781        }
 782        Ok(())
 783    }
 784
 785    /// Paint an emoji glyph into the scene for the current frame at the current z-index.
 786    pub fn paint_emoji(
 787        &mut self,
 788        origin: Point<Pixels>,
 789        font_id: FontId,
 790        glyph_id: GlyphId,
 791        font_size: Pixels,
 792    ) -> Result<()> {
 793        let scale_factor = self.scale_factor();
 794        let glyph_origin = origin.scale(scale_factor);
 795        let params = RenderGlyphParams {
 796            font_id,
 797            glyph_id,
 798            font_size,
 799            // We don't render emojis with subpixel variants.
 800            subpixel_variant: Default::default(),
 801            scale_factor,
 802            is_emoji: true,
 803        };
 804
 805        let raster_bounds = self.text_system().raster_bounds(&params)?;
 806        if !raster_bounds.is_zero() {
 807            let tile =
 808                self.window
 809                    .sprite_atlas
 810                    .get_or_insert_with(&params.clone().into(), &mut || {
 811                        let (size, bytes) = self.text_system().rasterize_glyph(&params)?;
 812                        Ok((size, Cow::Owned(bytes)))
 813                    })?;
 814            let bounds = Bounds {
 815                origin: glyph_origin.map(|px| px.floor()) + raster_bounds.origin.map(Into::into),
 816                size: tile.bounds.size.map(Into::into),
 817            };
 818            let content_mask = self.content_mask().scale(scale_factor);
 819            let window = &mut *self.window;
 820
 821            window.scene_builder.insert(
 822                &window.z_index_stack,
 823                PolychromeSprite {
 824                    order: 0,
 825                    bounds,
 826                    corner_radii: Default::default(),
 827                    content_mask,
 828                    tile,
 829                    grayscale: false,
 830                },
 831            );
 832        }
 833        Ok(())
 834    }
 835
 836    /// Paint a monochrome SVG into the scene for the current frame at the current stacking context.
 837    pub fn paint_svg(
 838        &mut self,
 839        bounds: Bounds<Pixels>,
 840        path: SharedString,
 841        color: Hsla,
 842    ) -> Result<()> {
 843        let scale_factor = self.scale_factor();
 844        let bounds = bounds.scale(scale_factor);
 845        // Render the SVG at twice the size to get a higher quality result.
 846        let params = RenderSvgParams {
 847            path,
 848            size: bounds
 849                .size
 850                .map(|pixels| DevicePixels::from((pixels.0 * 2.).ceil() as i32)),
 851        };
 852
 853        let tile =
 854            self.window
 855                .sprite_atlas
 856                .get_or_insert_with(&params.clone().into(), &mut || {
 857                    let bytes = self.svg_renderer.render(&params)?;
 858                    Ok((params.size, Cow::Owned(bytes)))
 859                })?;
 860        let content_mask = self.content_mask().scale(scale_factor);
 861
 862        let window = &mut *self.window;
 863        window.scene_builder.insert(
 864            &window.z_index_stack,
 865            MonochromeSprite {
 866                order: 0,
 867                bounds,
 868                content_mask,
 869                color,
 870                tile,
 871            },
 872        );
 873
 874        Ok(())
 875    }
 876
 877    /// Paint an image into the scene for the current frame at the current z-index.
 878    pub fn paint_image(
 879        &mut self,
 880        bounds: Bounds<Pixels>,
 881        corner_radii: Corners<Pixels>,
 882        data: Arc<ImageData>,
 883        grayscale: bool,
 884    ) -> Result<()> {
 885        let scale_factor = self.scale_factor();
 886        let bounds = bounds.scale(scale_factor);
 887        let params = RenderImageParams { image_id: data.id };
 888
 889        let tile = self
 890            .window
 891            .sprite_atlas
 892            .get_or_insert_with(&params.clone().into(), &mut || {
 893                Ok((data.size(), Cow::Borrowed(data.as_bytes())))
 894            })?;
 895        let content_mask = self.content_mask().scale(scale_factor);
 896        let corner_radii = corner_radii.scale(scale_factor);
 897
 898        let window = &mut *self.window;
 899        window.scene_builder.insert(
 900            &window.z_index_stack,
 901            PolychromeSprite {
 902                order: 0,
 903                bounds,
 904                content_mask,
 905                corner_radii,
 906                tile,
 907                grayscale,
 908            },
 909        );
 910        Ok(())
 911    }
 912
 913    /// Draw pixels to the display for this window based on the contents of its scene.
 914    pub(crate) fn draw(&mut self) {
 915        let root_view = self.window.root_view.take().unwrap();
 916
 917        self.start_frame();
 918
 919        self.stack(0, |cx| {
 920            let available_space = cx.window.content_size.map(Into::into);
 921            root_view.draw(available_space, cx);
 922        });
 923
 924        if let Some(active_drag) = self.app.active_drag.take() {
 925            self.stack(1, |cx| {
 926                let offset = cx.mouse_position() - active_drag.cursor_offset;
 927                cx.with_element_offset(Some(offset), |cx| {
 928                    let available_space =
 929                        size(AvailableSpace::MinContent, AvailableSpace::MinContent);
 930                    active_drag.view.draw(available_space, cx);
 931                    cx.active_drag = Some(active_drag);
 932                });
 933            });
 934        }
 935
 936        self.window.root_view = Some(root_view);
 937        let scene = self.window.scene_builder.build();
 938
 939        self.run_on_main(|cx| {
 940            cx.window
 941                .platform_window
 942                .borrow_on_main_thread()
 943                .draw(scene);
 944            cx.window.dirty = false;
 945        })
 946        .detach();
 947    }
 948
 949    fn start_frame(&mut self) {
 950        self.text_system().start_frame();
 951
 952        let window = &mut *self.window;
 953
 954        // Move the current frame element states to the previous frame.
 955        // The new empty element states map will be populated for any element states we
 956        // reference during the upcoming frame.
 957        mem::swap(
 958            &mut window.element_states,
 959            &mut window.prev_frame_element_states,
 960        );
 961        window.element_states.clear();
 962
 963        // Make the current key matchers the previous, and then clear the current.
 964        // An empty key matcher map will be created for every identified element in the
 965        // upcoming frame.
 966        mem::swap(
 967            &mut window.key_matchers,
 968            &mut window.prev_frame_key_matchers,
 969        );
 970        window.key_matchers.clear();
 971
 972        // Clear mouse event listeners, because elements add new element listeners
 973        // when the upcoming frame is painted.
 974        window.mouse_listeners.values_mut().for_each(Vec::clear);
 975
 976        // Clear focus state, because we determine what is focused when the new elements
 977        // in the upcoming frame are initialized.
 978        window.focus_listeners.clear();
 979        window.key_dispatch_stack.clear();
 980        window.focus_parents_by_child.clear();
 981        window.freeze_key_dispatch_stack = false;
 982    }
 983
 984    /// Dispatch a mouse or keyboard event on the window.
 985    fn dispatch_event(&mut self, event: InputEvent) -> bool {
 986        let event = match event {
 987            // Track the mouse position with our own state, since accessing the platform
 988            // API for the mouse position can only occur on the main thread.
 989            InputEvent::MouseMove(mouse_move) => {
 990                self.window.mouse_position = mouse_move.position;
 991                InputEvent::MouseMove(mouse_move)
 992            }
 993            // Translate dragging and dropping of external files from the operating system
 994            // to internal drag and drop events.
 995            InputEvent::FileDrop(file_drop) => match file_drop {
 996                FileDropEvent::Entered { position, files } => {
 997                    self.window.mouse_position = position;
 998                    if self.active_drag.is_none() {
 999                        self.active_drag = Some(AnyDrag {
1000                            view: self.build_view(|_| files).into(),
1001                            cursor_offset: position,
1002                        });
1003                    }
1004                    InputEvent::MouseDown(MouseDownEvent {
1005                        position,
1006                        button: MouseButton::Left,
1007                        click_count: 1,
1008                        modifiers: Modifiers::default(),
1009                    })
1010                }
1011                FileDropEvent::Pending { position } => {
1012                    self.window.mouse_position = position;
1013                    InputEvent::MouseMove(MouseMoveEvent {
1014                        position,
1015                        pressed_button: Some(MouseButton::Left),
1016                        modifiers: Modifiers::default(),
1017                    })
1018                }
1019                FileDropEvent::Submit { position } => {
1020                    self.window.mouse_position = position;
1021                    InputEvent::MouseUp(MouseUpEvent {
1022                        button: MouseButton::Left,
1023                        position,
1024                        modifiers: Modifiers::default(),
1025                        click_count: 1,
1026                    })
1027                }
1028                FileDropEvent::Exited => InputEvent::MouseUp(MouseUpEvent {
1029                    button: MouseButton::Left,
1030                    position: Point::default(),
1031                    modifiers: Modifiers::default(),
1032                    click_count: 1,
1033                }),
1034            },
1035            _ => event,
1036        };
1037
1038        if let Some(any_mouse_event) = event.mouse_event() {
1039            // Handlers may set this to false by calling `stop_propagation`
1040            self.app.propagate_event = true;
1041            self.window.default_prevented = false;
1042
1043            if let Some(mut handlers) = self
1044                .window
1045                .mouse_listeners
1046                .remove(&any_mouse_event.type_id())
1047            {
1048                // Because handlers may add other handlers, we sort every time.
1049                handlers.sort_by(|(a, _), (b, _)| a.cmp(b));
1050
1051                // Capture phase, events bubble from back to front. Handlers for this phase are used for
1052                // special purposes, such as detecting events outside of a given Bounds.
1053                for (_, handler) in &handlers {
1054                    handler(any_mouse_event, DispatchPhase::Capture, self);
1055                    if !self.app.propagate_event {
1056                        break;
1057                    }
1058                }
1059
1060                // Bubble phase, where most normal handlers do their work.
1061                if self.app.propagate_event {
1062                    for (_, handler) in handlers.iter().rev() {
1063                        handler(any_mouse_event, DispatchPhase::Bubble, self);
1064                        if !self.app.propagate_event {
1065                            break;
1066                        }
1067                    }
1068                }
1069
1070                if self.app.propagate_event
1071                    && any_mouse_event.downcast_ref::<MouseUpEvent>().is_some()
1072                {
1073                    self.active_drag = None;
1074                }
1075
1076                // Just in case any handlers added new handlers, which is weird, but possible.
1077                handlers.extend(
1078                    self.window
1079                        .mouse_listeners
1080                        .get_mut(&any_mouse_event.type_id())
1081                        .into_iter()
1082                        .flat_map(|handlers| handlers.drain(..)),
1083                );
1084                self.window
1085                    .mouse_listeners
1086                    .insert(any_mouse_event.type_id(), handlers);
1087            }
1088        } else if let Some(any_key_event) = event.keyboard_event() {
1089            let key_dispatch_stack = mem::take(&mut self.window.key_dispatch_stack);
1090            let key_event_type = any_key_event.type_id();
1091            let mut context_stack = SmallVec::<[&DispatchContext; 16]>::new();
1092
1093            for (ix, frame) in key_dispatch_stack.iter().enumerate() {
1094                match frame {
1095                    KeyDispatchStackFrame::Listener {
1096                        event_type,
1097                        listener,
1098                    } => {
1099                        if key_event_type == *event_type {
1100                            if let Some(action) = listener(
1101                                any_key_event,
1102                                &context_stack,
1103                                DispatchPhase::Capture,
1104                                self,
1105                            ) {
1106                                self.dispatch_action(action, &key_dispatch_stack[..ix]);
1107                            }
1108                            if !self.app.propagate_event {
1109                                break;
1110                            }
1111                        }
1112                    }
1113                    KeyDispatchStackFrame::Context(context) => {
1114                        context_stack.push(&context);
1115                    }
1116                }
1117            }
1118
1119            if self.app.propagate_event {
1120                for (ix, frame) in key_dispatch_stack.iter().enumerate().rev() {
1121                    match frame {
1122                        KeyDispatchStackFrame::Listener {
1123                            event_type,
1124                            listener,
1125                        } => {
1126                            if key_event_type == *event_type {
1127                                if let Some(action) = listener(
1128                                    any_key_event,
1129                                    &context_stack,
1130                                    DispatchPhase::Bubble,
1131                                    self,
1132                                ) {
1133                                    self.dispatch_action(action, &key_dispatch_stack[..ix]);
1134                                }
1135
1136                                if !self.app.propagate_event {
1137                                    break;
1138                                }
1139                            }
1140                        }
1141                        KeyDispatchStackFrame::Context(_) => {
1142                            context_stack.pop();
1143                        }
1144                    }
1145                }
1146            }
1147
1148            drop(context_stack);
1149            self.window.key_dispatch_stack = key_dispatch_stack;
1150        }
1151
1152        true
1153    }
1154
1155    /// Attempt to map a keystroke to an action based on the keymap.
1156    pub fn match_keystroke(
1157        &mut self,
1158        element_id: &GlobalElementId,
1159        keystroke: &Keystroke,
1160        context_stack: &[&DispatchContext],
1161    ) -> KeyMatch {
1162        let key_match = self
1163            .window
1164            .key_matchers
1165            .get_mut(element_id)
1166            .unwrap()
1167            .match_keystroke(keystroke, context_stack);
1168
1169        if key_match.is_some() {
1170            for matcher in self.window.key_matchers.values_mut() {
1171                matcher.clear_pending();
1172            }
1173        }
1174
1175        key_match
1176    }
1177
1178    /// Register the given handler to be invoked whenever the global of the given type
1179    /// is updated.
1180    pub fn observe_global<G: 'static>(
1181        &mut self,
1182        f: impl Fn(&mut WindowContext<'_>) + Send + 'static,
1183    ) -> Subscription {
1184        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
1185        self.global_observers.insert(
1186            TypeId::of::<G>(),
1187            Box::new(move |cx| window_handle.update(cx, |_, cx| f(cx)).is_ok()),
1188        )
1189    }
1190
1191    fn dispatch_action(
1192        &mut self,
1193        action: Box<dyn Action>,
1194        dispatch_stack: &[KeyDispatchStackFrame],
1195    ) {
1196        let action_type = action.as_any().type_id();
1197
1198        if let Some(mut global_listeners) = self.app.global_action_listeners.remove(&action_type) {
1199            for listener in &global_listeners {
1200                listener(action.as_ref(), DispatchPhase::Capture, self);
1201                if !self.app.propagate_event {
1202                    break;
1203                }
1204            }
1205            global_listeners.extend(
1206                self.global_action_listeners
1207                    .remove(&action_type)
1208                    .unwrap_or_default(),
1209            );
1210            self.global_action_listeners
1211                .insert(action_type, global_listeners);
1212        }
1213
1214        if self.app.propagate_event {
1215            for stack_frame in dispatch_stack {
1216                if let KeyDispatchStackFrame::Listener {
1217                    event_type,
1218                    listener,
1219                } = stack_frame
1220                {
1221                    if action_type == *event_type {
1222                        listener(action.as_any(), &[], DispatchPhase::Capture, self);
1223                        if !self.app.propagate_event {
1224                            break;
1225                        }
1226                    }
1227                }
1228            }
1229        }
1230
1231        if self.app.propagate_event {
1232            for stack_frame in dispatch_stack.iter().rev() {
1233                if let KeyDispatchStackFrame::Listener {
1234                    event_type,
1235                    listener,
1236                } = stack_frame
1237                {
1238                    if action_type == *event_type {
1239                        listener(action.as_any(), &[], DispatchPhase::Bubble, self);
1240                        if !self.app.propagate_event {
1241                            break;
1242                        }
1243                    }
1244                }
1245            }
1246        }
1247
1248        if self.app.propagate_event {
1249            if let Some(mut global_listeners) =
1250                self.app.global_action_listeners.remove(&action_type)
1251            {
1252                for listener in global_listeners.iter().rev() {
1253                    listener(action.as_ref(), DispatchPhase::Bubble, self);
1254                    if !self.app.propagate_event {
1255                        break;
1256                    }
1257                }
1258                global_listeners.extend(
1259                    self.global_action_listeners
1260                        .remove(&action_type)
1261                        .unwrap_or_default(),
1262                );
1263                self.global_action_listeners
1264                    .insert(action_type, global_listeners);
1265            }
1266        }
1267    }
1268}
1269
1270impl Context for WindowContext<'_> {
1271    type WindowContext<'a> = WindowContext<'a>;
1272    type ModelContext<'a, T> = ModelContext<'a, T>;
1273    type Result<T> = T;
1274
1275    fn build_model<T>(
1276        &mut self,
1277        build_model: impl FnOnce(&mut Self::ModelContext<'_, T>) -> T,
1278    ) -> Model<T>
1279    where
1280        T: 'static + Send,
1281    {
1282        let slot = self.app.entities.reserve();
1283        let model = build_model(&mut ModelContext::new(&mut *self.app, slot.downgrade()));
1284        self.entities.insert(slot, model)
1285    }
1286
1287    fn update_model<T: 'static, R>(
1288        &mut self,
1289        model: &Model<T>,
1290        update: impl FnOnce(&mut T, &mut Self::ModelContext<'_, T>) -> R,
1291    ) -> R {
1292        let mut entity = self.entities.lease(model);
1293        let result = update(
1294            &mut *entity,
1295            &mut ModelContext::new(&mut *self.app, model.downgrade()),
1296        );
1297        self.entities.end_lease(entity);
1298        result
1299    }
1300
1301    fn update_window<T, F>(&mut self, window: AnyWindowHandle, update: F) -> Result<T>
1302    where
1303        F: FnOnce(AnyView, &mut Self::WindowContext<'_>) -> T,
1304    {
1305        if window == self.window.handle {
1306            let root_view = self.window.root_view.clone().unwrap();
1307            Ok(update(root_view, self))
1308        } else {
1309            window.update(self.app, update)
1310        }
1311    }
1312}
1313
1314impl VisualContext for WindowContext<'_> {
1315    type ViewContext<'a, V: 'static> = ViewContext<'a, V>;
1316
1317    fn build_view<V>(
1318        &mut self,
1319        build_view_state: impl FnOnce(&mut Self::ViewContext<'_, V>) -> V,
1320    ) -> Self::Result<View<V>>
1321    where
1322        V: 'static + Send,
1323    {
1324        let slot = self.app.entities.reserve();
1325        let view = View {
1326            model: slot.clone(),
1327        };
1328        let mut cx = ViewContext::new(&mut *self.app, &mut *self.window, &view);
1329        let entity = build_view_state(&mut cx);
1330        self.entities.insert(slot, entity);
1331        view
1332    }
1333
1334    /// Update the given view. Prefer calling `View::update` instead, which calls this method.
1335    fn update_view<T: 'static, R>(
1336        &mut self,
1337        view: &View<T>,
1338        update: impl FnOnce(&mut T, &mut Self::ViewContext<'_, T>) -> R,
1339    ) -> Self::Result<R> {
1340        let mut lease = self.app.entities.lease(&view.model);
1341        let mut cx = ViewContext::new(&mut *self.app, &mut *self.window, &view);
1342        let result = update(&mut *lease, &mut cx);
1343        cx.app.entities.end_lease(lease);
1344        result
1345    }
1346
1347    fn replace_root_view<V>(
1348        &mut self,
1349        build_view: impl FnOnce(&mut Self::ViewContext<'_, V>) -> V,
1350    ) -> Self::Result<View<V>>
1351    where
1352        V: 'static + Send + Render,
1353    {
1354        let slot = self.app.entities.reserve();
1355        let view = View {
1356            model: slot.clone(),
1357        };
1358        let mut cx = ViewContext::new(&mut *self.app, &mut *self.window, &view);
1359        let entity = build_view(&mut cx);
1360        self.entities.insert(slot, entity);
1361        self.window.root_view = Some(view.clone().into());
1362        view
1363    }
1364}
1365
1366impl UpdateView for WindowContext<'_> {
1367    type ViewContext<'a, V: 'static> = ViewContext<'a, V>;
1368
1369    fn update_view<V: 'static, R>(
1370        &mut self,
1371        view: &View<V>,
1372        update: impl FnOnce(&mut V, &mut Self::ViewContext<'_, V>) -> R,
1373    ) -> R {
1374        VisualContext::update_view(self, view, update)
1375    }
1376}
1377
1378impl<'a> std::ops::Deref for WindowContext<'a> {
1379    type Target = AppContext;
1380
1381    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
1382        &self.app
1383    }
1384}
1385
1386impl<'a> std::ops::DerefMut for WindowContext<'a> {
1387    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
1388        &mut self.app
1389    }
1390}
1391
1392impl<'a> Borrow<AppContext> for WindowContext<'a> {
1393    fn borrow(&self) -> &AppContext {
1394        &self.app
1395    }
1396}
1397
1398impl<'a> BorrowMut<AppContext> for WindowContext<'a> {
1399    fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut AppContext {
1400        &mut self.app
1401    }
1402}
1403
1404pub trait BorrowWindow: BorrowMut<Window> + BorrowMut<AppContext> {
1405    fn app_mut(&mut self) -> &mut AppContext {
1406        self.borrow_mut()
1407    }
1408
1409    fn window(&self) -> &Window {
1410        self.borrow()
1411    }
1412
1413    fn window_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Window {
1414        self.borrow_mut()
1415    }
1416
1417    /// Pushes the given element id onto the global stack and invokes the given closure
1418    /// with a `GlobalElementId`, which disambiguates the given id in the context of its ancestor
1419    /// ids. Because elements are discarded and recreated on each frame, the `GlobalElementId` is
1420    /// used to associate state with identified elements across separate frames.
1421    fn with_element_id<R>(
1422        &mut self,
1423        id: impl Into<ElementId>,
1424        f: impl FnOnce(GlobalElementId, &mut Self) -> R,
1425    ) -> R {
1426        let keymap = self.app_mut().keymap.clone();
1427        let window = self.window_mut();
1428        window.element_id_stack.push(id.into());
1429        let global_id = window.element_id_stack.clone();
1430
1431        if window.key_matchers.get(&global_id).is_none() {
1432            window.key_matchers.insert(
1433                global_id.clone(),
1434                window
1435                    .prev_frame_key_matchers
1436                    .remove(&global_id)
1437                    .unwrap_or_else(|| KeyMatcher::new(keymap)),
1438            );
1439        }
1440
1441        let result = f(global_id, self);
1442        let window: &mut Window = self.borrow_mut();
1443        window.element_id_stack.pop();
1444        result
1445    }
1446
1447    /// Invoke the given function with the given content mask after intersecting it
1448    /// with the current mask.
1449    fn with_content_mask<R>(
1450        &mut self,
1451        mask: ContentMask<Pixels>,
1452        f: impl FnOnce(&mut Self) -> R,
1453    ) -> R {
1454        let mask = mask.intersect(&self.content_mask());
1455        self.window_mut().content_mask_stack.push(mask);
1456        let result = f(self);
1457        self.window_mut().content_mask_stack.pop();
1458        result
1459    }
1460
1461    /// Update the global element offset based on the given offset. This is used to implement
1462    /// scrolling and position drag handles.
1463    fn with_element_offset<R>(
1464        &mut self,
1465        offset: Option<Point<Pixels>>,
1466        f: impl FnOnce(&mut Self) -> R,
1467    ) -> R {
1468        let Some(offset) = offset else {
1469            return f(self);
1470        };
1471
1472        let offset = self.element_offset() + offset;
1473        self.window_mut().element_offset_stack.push(offset);
1474        let result = f(self);
1475        self.window_mut().element_offset_stack.pop();
1476        result
1477    }
1478
1479    /// Obtain the current element offset.
1480    fn element_offset(&self) -> Point<Pixels> {
1481        self.window()
1482            .element_offset_stack
1483            .last()
1484            .copied()
1485            .unwrap_or_default()
1486    }
1487
1488    /// Update or intialize state for an element with the given id that lives across multiple
1489    /// frames. If an element with this id existed in the previous frame, its state will be passed
1490    /// to the given closure. The state returned by the closure will be stored so it can be referenced
1491    /// when drawing the next frame.
1492    fn with_element_state<S, R>(
1493        &mut self,
1494        id: ElementId,
1495        f: impl FnOnce(Option<S>, &mut Self) -> (R, S),
1496    ) -> R
1497    where
1498        S: 'static + Send,
1499    {
1500        self.with_element_id(id, |global_id, cx| {
1501            if let Some(any) = cx
1502                .window_mut()
1503                .element_states
1504                .remove(&global_id)
1505                .or_else(|| cx.window_mut().prev_frame_element_states.remove(&global_id))
1506            {
1507                // Using the extra inner option to avoid needing to reallocate a new box.
1508                let mut state_box = any
1509                    .downcast::<Option<S>>()
1510                    .expect("invalid element state type for id");
1511                let state = state_box
1512                    .take()
1513                    .expect("element state is already on the stack");
1514                let (result, state) = f(Some(state), cx);
1515                state_box.replace(state);
1516                cx.window_mut().element_states.insert(global_id, state_box);
1517                result
1518            } else {
1519                let (result, state) = f(None, cx);
1520                cx.window_mut()
1521                    .element_states
1522                    .insert(global_id, Box::new(Some(state)));
1523                result
1524            }
1525        })
1526    }
1527
1528    /// Like `with_element_state`, but for situations where the element_id is optional. If the
1529    /// id is `None`, no state will be retrieved or stored.
1530    fn with_optional_element_state<S, R>(
1531        &mut self,
1532        element_id: Option<ElementId>,
1533        f: impl FnOnce(Option<S>, &mut Self) -> (R, S),
1534    ) -> R
1535    where
1536        S: 'static + Send,
1537    {
1538        if let Some(element_id) = element_id {
1539            self.with_element_state(element_id, f)
1540        } else {
1541            f(None, self).0
1542        }
1543    }
1544
1545    /// Obtain the current content mask.
1546    fn content_mask(&self) -> ContentMask<Pixels> {
1547        self.window()
1548            .content_mask_stack
1549            .last()
1550            .cloned()
1551            .unwrap_or_else(|| ContentMask {
1552                bounds: Bounds {
1553                    origin: Point::default(),
1554                    size: self.window().content_size,
1555                },
1556            })
1557    }
1558
1559    /// The size of an em for the base font of the application. Adjusting this value allows the
1560    /// UI to scale, just like zooming a web page.
1561    fn rem_size(&self) -> Pixels {
1562        self.window().rem_size
1563    }
1564}
1565
1566impl Borrow<Window> for WindowContext<'_> {
1567    fn borrow(&self) -> &Window {
1568        &self.window
1569    }
1570}
1571
1572impl BorrowMut<Window> for WindowContext<'_> {
1573    fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Window {
1574        &mut self.window
1575    }
1576}
1577
1578impl<T> BorrowWindow for T where T: BorrowMut<AppContext> + BorrowMut<Window> {}
1579
1580pub struct ViewContext<'a, V> {
1581    window_cx: WindowContext<'a>,
1582    view: &'a View<V>,
1583}
1584
1585impl<V> Borrow<AppContext> for ViewContext<'_, V> {
1586    fn borrow(&self) -> &AppContext {
1587        &*self.window_cx.app
1588    }
1589}
1590
1591impl<V> BorrowMut<AppContext> for ViewContext<'_, V> {
1592    fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut AppContext {
1593        &mut *self.window_cx.app
1594    }
1595}
1596
1597impl<V> Borrow<Window> for ViewContext<'_, V> {
1598    fn borrow(&self) -> &Window {
1599        &*self.window_cx.window
1600    }
1601}
1602
1603impl<V> BorrowMut<Window> for ViewContext<'_, V> {
1604    fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Window {
1605        &mut *self.window_cx.window
1606    }
1607}
1608
1609impl<'a, V: 'static> ViewContext<'a, V> {
1610    pub(crate) fn new(app: &'a mut AppContext, window: &'a mut Window, view: &'a View<V>) -> Self {
1611        Self {
1612            window_cx: WindowContext::new(app, window),
1613            view,
1614        }
1615    }
1616
1617    pub fn view(&self) -> View<V> {
1618        self.view.clone()
1619    }
1620
1621    pub fn model(&self) -> Model<V> {
1622        self.view.model.clone()
1623    }
1624
1625    pub fn stack<R>(&mut self, order: u32, f: impl FnOnce(&mut Self) -> R) -> R {
1626        self.window.z_index_stack.push(order);
1627        let result = f(self);
1628        self.window.z_index_stack.pop();
1629        result
1630    }
1631
1632    pub fn on_next_frame(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + Send + 'static)
1633    where
1634        V: Any + Send,
1635    {
1636        let view = self.view();
1637        self.window_cx.on_next_frame(move |cx| view.update(cx, f));
1638    }
1639
1640    /// Schedules the given function to be run at the end of the current effect cycle, allowing entities
1641    /// that are currently on the stack to be returned to the app.
1642    pub fn defer(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static + Send) {
1643        let view = self.view().downgrade();
1644        self.window_cx.defer(move |cx| {
1645            view.update(cx, f).ok();
1646        });
1647    }
1648
1649    pub fn observe<V2, E>(
1650        &mut self,
1651        entity: &E,
1652        mut on_notify: impl FnMut(&mut V, E, &mut ViewContext<'_, V>) + Send + 'static,
1653    ) -> Subscription
1654    where
1655        V2: 'static,
1656        V: 'static + Send,
1657        E: Entity<V2>,
1658    {
1659        let view = self.view().downgrade();
1660        let entity_id = entity.entity_id();
1661        let entity = entity.downgrade();
1662        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
1663        self.app.observers.insert(
1664            entity_id,
1665            Box::new(move |cx| {
1666                window_handle
1667                    .update(cx, |_, cx| {
1668                        if let Some(handle) = E::upgrade_from(&entity) {
1669                            view.update(cx, |this, cx| on_notify(this, handle, cx))
1670                                .is_ok()
1671                        } else {
1672                            false
1673                        }
1674                    })
1675                    .unwrap_or(false)
1676            }),
1677        )
1678    }
1679
1680    pub fn subscribe<V2, E>(
1681        &mut self,
1682        entity: &E,
1683        mut on_event: impl FnMut(&mut V, E, &V2::Event, &mut ViewContext<'_, V>) + Send + 'static,
1684    ) -> Subscription
1685    where
1686        V2: EventEmitter,
1687        E: Entity<V2>,
1688    {
1689        let view = self.view().downgrade();
1690        let entity_id = entity.entity_id();
1691        let handle = entity.downgrade();
1692        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
1693        self.app.event_listeners.insert(
1694            entity_id,
1695            Box::new(move |event, cx| {
1696                window_handle
1697                    .update(cx, |_, cx| {
1698                        if let Some(handle) = E::upgrade_from(&handle) {
1699                            let event = event.downcast_ref().expect("invalid event type");
1700                            view.update(cx, |this, cx| on_event(this, handle, event, cx))
1701                                .is_ok()
1702                        } else {
1703                            false
1704                        }
1705                    })
1706                    .unwrap_or(false)
1707            }),
1708        )
1709    }
1710
1711    pub fn on_release(
1712        &mut self,
1713        on_release: impl FnOnce(&mut V, &mut WindowContext) + Send + 'static,
1714    ) -> Subscription {
1715        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
1716        self.app.release_listeners.insert(
1717            self.view.model.entity_id,
1718            Box::new(move |this, cx| {
1719                let this = this.downcast_mut().expect("invalid entity type");
1720                // todo!("are we okay with silently swallowing the error?")
1721                let _ = window_handle.update(cx, |_, cx| on_release(this, cx));
1722            }),
1723        )
1724    }
1725
1726    pub fn observe_release<V2, E>(
1727        &mut self,
1728        entity: &E,
1729        mut on_release: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut V2, &mut ViewContext<'_, V>) + Send + 'static,
1730    ) -> Subscription
1731    where
1732        V: Any + Send,
1733        V2: 'static,
1734        E: Entity<V2>,
1735    {
1736        let view = self.view().downgrade();
1737        let entity_id = entity.entity_id();
1738        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
1739        self.app.release_listeners.insert(
1740            entity_id,
1741            Box::new(move |entity, cx| {
1742                let entity = entity.downcast_mut().expect("invalid entity type");
1743                let _ = window_handle.update(cx, |_, cx| {
1744                    view.update(cx, |this, cx| on_release(this, entity, cx))
1745                });
1746            }),
1747        )
1748    }
1749
1750    pub fn notify(&mut self) {
1751        self.window_cx.notify();
1752        self.window_cx.app.push_effect(Effect::Notify {
1753            emitter: self.view.model.entity_id,
1754        });
1755    }
1756
1757    pub fn on_focus_changed(
1758        &mut self,
1759        listener: impl Fn(&mut V, &FocusEvent, &mut ViewContext<V>) + Send + 'static,
1760    ) {
1761        let handle = self.view().downgrade();
1762        self.window.focus_listeners.push(Box::new(move |event, cx| {
1763            handle
1764                .update(cx, |view, cx| listener(view, event, cx))
1765                .log_err();
1766        }));
1767    }
1768
1769    pub fn with_key_listeners<R>(
1770        &mut self,
1771        key_listeners: impl IntoIterator<Item = (TypeId, KeyListener<V>)>,
1772        f: impl FnOnce(&mut Self) -> R,
1773    ) -> R {
1774        let old_stack_len = self.window.key_dispatch_stack.len();
1775        if !self.window.freeze_key_dispatch_stack {
1776            for (event_type, listener) in key_listeners {
1777                let handle = self.view().downgrade();
1778                let listener = Box::new(
1779                    move |event: &dyn Any,
1780                          context_stack: &[&DispatchContext],
1781                          phase: DispatchPhase,
1782                          cx: &mut WindowContext<'_>| {
1783                        handle
1784                            .update(cx, |view, cx| {
1785                                listener(view, event, context_stack, phase, cx)
1786                            })
1787                            .log_err()
1788                            .flatten()
1789                    },
1790                );
1791                self.window
1792                    .key_dispatch_stack
1793                    .push(KeyDispatchStackFrame::Listener {
1794                        event_type,
1795                        listener,
1796                    });
1797            }
1798        }
1799
1800        let result = f(self);
1801
1802        if !self.window.freeze_key_dispatch_stack {
1803            self.window.key_dispatch_stack.truncate(old_stack_len);
1804        }
1805
1806        result
1807    }
1808
1809    pub fn with_key_dispatch_context<R>(
1810        &mut self,
1811        context: DispatchContext,
1812        f: impl FnOnce(&mut Self) -> R,
1813    ) -> R {
1814        if context.is_empty() {
1815            return f(self);
1816        }
1817
1818        if !self.window.freeze_key_dispatch_stack {
1819            self.window
1820                .key_dispatch_stack
1821                .push(KeyDispatchStackFrame::Context(context));
1822        }
1823
1824        let result = f(self);
1825
1826        if !self.window.freeze_key_dispatch_stack {
1827            self.window.key_dispatch_stack.pop();
1828        }
1829
1830        result
1831    }
1832
1833    pub fn with_focus<R>(
1834        &mut self,
1835        focus_handle: FocusHandle,
1836        f: impl FnOnce(&mut Self) -> R,
1837    ) -> R {
1838        if let Some(parent_focus_id) = self.window.focus_stack.last().copied() {
1839            self.window
1840                .focus_parents_by_child
1841                .insert(focus_handle.id, parent_focus_id);
1842        }
1843        self.window.focus_stack.push(focus_handle.id);
1844
1845        if Some(focus_handle.id) == self.window.focus {
1846            self.window.freeze_key_dispatch_stack = true;
1847        }
1848
1849        let result = f(self);
1850
1851        self.window.focus_stack.pop();
1852        result
1853    }
1854
1855    pub fn run_on_main<R>(
1856        &mut self,
1857        view: &mut V,
1858        f: impl FnOnce(&mut V, &mut MainThread<ViewContext<'_, V>>) -> R + Send + 'static,
1859    ) -> Task<Result<R>>
1860    where
1861        R: Send + 'static,
1862    {
1863        if self.executor.is_main_thread() {
1864            let cx = unsafe { mem::transmute::<&mut Self, &mut MainThread<Self>>(self) };
1865            Task::ready(Ok(f(view, cx)))
1866        } else {
1867            let view = self.view();
1868            self.window_cx.run_on_main(move |cx| view.update(cx, f))
1869        }
1870    }
1871
1872    pub fn spawn<Fut, R>(
1873        &mut self,
1874        f: impl FnOnce(WeakView<V>, AsyncWindowContext) -> Fut,
1875    ) -> Task<R>
1876    where
1877        R: Send + 'static,
1878        Fut: Future<Output = R> + Send + 'static,
1879    {
1880        let view = self.view().downgrade();
1881        self.window_cx.spawn(move |_, cx| f(view, cx))
1882    }
1883
1884    pub fn update_global<G, R>(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut G, &mut Self) -> R) -> R
1885    where
1886        G: 'static + Send,
1887    {
1888        let mut global = self.app.lease_global::<G>();
1889        let result = f(&mut global, self);
1890        self.app.end_global_lease(global);
1891        result
1892    }
1893
1894    pub fn observe_global<G: 'static>(
1895        &mut self,
1896        f: impl Fn(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<'_, V>) + Send + 'static,
1897    ) -> Subscription {
1898        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
1899        let view = self.view().downgrade();
1900        self.global_observers.insert(
1901            TypeId::of::<G>(),
1902            Box::new(move |cx| {
1903                window_handle
1904                    .update(cx, |_, cx| view.update(cx, |view, cx| f(view, cx)).is_ok())
1905                    .unwrap_or(false)
1906            }),
1907        )
1908    }
1909
1910    pub fn on_mouse_event<Event: 'static>(
1911        &mut self,
1912        handler: impl Fn(&mut V, &Event, DispatchPhase, &mut ViewContext<V>) + Send + 'static,
1913    ) {
1914        let handle = self.view();
1915        self.window_cx.on_mouse_event(move |event, phase, cx| {
1916            handle.update(cx, |view, cx| {
1917                handler(view, event, phase, cx);
1918            })
1919        });
1920    }
1921}
1922
1923impl<V> ViewContext<'_, V>
1924where
1925    V: EventEmitter,
1926    V::Event: 'static + Send,
1927{
1928    pub fn emit(&mut self, event: V::Event) {
1929        let emitter = self.view.model.entity_id;
1930        self.app.push_effect(Effect::Emit {
1931            emitter,
1932            event: Box::new(event),
1933        });
1934    }
1935}
1936
1937impl<V: 'static> MainThread<ViewContext<'_, V>> {
1938    fn platform_window(&self) -> &dyn PlatformWindow {
1939        self.window.platform_window.borrow_on_main_thread().as_ref()
1940    }
1941
1942    pub fn activate_window(&self) {
1943        self.platform_window().activate();
1944    }
1945}
1946
1947impl<V> Context for ViewContext<'_, V> {
1948    type WindowContext<'a> = WindowContext<'a>;
1949    type ModelContext<'b, U> = ModelContext<'b, U>;
1950    type Result<U> = U;
1951
1952    fn build_model<T>(
1953        &mut self,
1954        build_model: impl FnOnce(&mut Self::ModelContext<'_, T>) -> T,
1955    ) -> Model<T>
1956    where
1957        T: 'static + Send,
1958    {
1959        self.window_cx.build_model(build_model)
1960    }
1961
1962    fn update_model<T: 'static, R>(
1963        &mut self,
1964        model: &Model<T>,
1965        update: impl FnOnce(&mut T, &mut Self::ModelContext<'_, T>) -> R,
1966    ) -> R {
1967        self.window_cx.update_model(model, update)
1968    }
1969
1970    fn update_window<T, F>(&mut self, window: AnyWindowHandle, update: F) -> Result<T>
1971    where
1972        F: FnOnce(AnyView, &mut Self::WindowContext<'_>) -> T,
1973    {
1974        self.window_cx.update_window(window, update)
1975    }
1976}
1977
1978impl<V: 'static> VisualContext for ViewContext<'_, V> {
1979    type ViewContext<'a, W: 'static> = ViewContext<'a, W>;
1980
1981    fn build_view<W: 'static + Send>(
1982        &mut self,
1983        build_view: impl FnOnce(&mut Self::ViewContext<'_, W>) -> W,
1984    ) -> Self::Result<View<W>> {
1985        self.window_cx.build_view(build_view)
1986    }
1987
1988    fn update_view<V2: 'static, R>(
1989        &mut self,
1990        view: &View<V2>,
1991        update: impl FnOnce(&mut V2, &mut Self::ViewContext<'_, V2>) -> R,
1992    ) -> Self::Result<R> {
1993        VisualContext::update_view(&mut self.window_cx, view, update)
1994    }
1995
1996    fn replace_root_view<W>(
1997        &mut self,
1998        build_view: impl FnOnce(&mut Self::ViewContext<'_, W>) -> W,
1999    ) -> Self::Result<View<W>>
2000    where
2001        W: 'static + Send + Render,
2002    {
2003        self.window_cx.replace_root_view(build_view)
2004    }
2005}
2006
2007impl<'a, V> std::ops::Deref for ViewContext<'a, V> {
2008    type Target = WindowContext<'a>;
2009
2010    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
2011        &self.window_cx
2012    }
2013}
2014
2015impl<'a, V> std::ops::DerefMut for ViewContext<'a, V> {
2016    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
2017        &mut self.window_cx
2018    }
2019}
2020
2021// #[derive(Clone, Copy, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
2022slotmap::new_key_type! { pub struct WindowId; }
2023
2024impl WindowId {
2025    pub fn as_u64(&self) -> u64 {
2026        self.0.as_ffi()
2027    }
2028}
2029
2030#[derive(Deref, DerefMut)]
2031pub struct WindowHandle<V> {
2032    #[deref]
2033    #[deref_mut]
2034    pub(crate) any_handle: AnyWindowHandle,
2035    state_type: PhantomData<V>,
2036}
2037
2038impl<V: 'static + Render> WindowHandle<V> {
2039    pub fn new(id: WindowId) -> Self {
2040        WindowHandle {
2041            any_handle: AnyWindowHandle {
2042                id,
2043                state_type: TypeId::of::<V>(),
2044            },
2045            state_type: PhantomData,
2046        }
2047    }
2048
2049    pub fn update<C, R>(
2050        &self,
2051        cx: &mut C,
2052        update: impl FnOnce(&mut V, &mut <C::WindowContext<'_> as UpdateView>::ViewContext<'_, V>) -> R,
2053    ) -> Result<R>
2054    where
2055        C: Context,
2056    {
2057        cx.update_window(self.any_handle, |root_view, cx| {
2058            let view = root_view
2059                .downcast::<V>()
2060                .map_err(|_| anyhow!("the type of the window's root view has changed"))?;
2061
2062            Ok(cx.update_view(&view, update))
2063        })?
2064    }
2065}
2066
2067impl<V> Copy for WindowHandle<V> {}
2068
2069impl<V> Clone for WindowHandle<V> {
2070    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
2071        WindowHandle {
2072            any_handle: self.any_handle,
2073            state_type: PhantomData,
2074        }
2075    }
2076}
2077
2078impl<V> PartialEq for WindowHandle<V> {
2079    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
2080        self.any_handle == other.any_handle
2081    }
2082}
2083
2084impl<V> Eq for WindowHandle<V> {}
2085
2086impl<V> Hash for WindowHandle<V> {
2087    fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
2088        self.any_handle.hash(state);
2089    }
2090}
2091
2092impl<V: 'static> Into<AnyWindowHandle> for WindowHandle<V> {
2093    fn into(self) -> AnyWindowHandle {
2094        self.any_handle
2095    }
2096}
2097
2098#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
2099pub struct AnyWindowHandle {
2100    pub(crate) id: WindowId,
2101    state_type: TypeId,
2102}
2103
2104impl AnyWindowHandle {
2105    pub fn window_id(&self) -> WindowId {
2106        self.id
2107    }
2108
2109    pub fn downcast<T: 'static>(&self) -> Option<WindowHandle<T>> {
2110        if TypeId::of::<T>() == self.state_type {
2111            Some(WindowHandle {
2112                any_handle: *self,
2113                state_type: PhantomData,
2114            })
2115        } else {
2116            None
2117        }
2118    }
2119
2120    pub fn update<C, R>(
2121        &self,
2122        cx: &mut C,
2123        update: impl FnOnce(AnyView, &mut C::WindowContext<'_>) -> R,
2124    ) -> Result<R>
2125    where
2126        C: Context,
2127    {
2128        cx.update_window(*self, update)
2129    }
2130}
2131
2132#[cfg(any(test, feature = "test-support"))]
2133impl From<SmallVec<[u32; 16]>> for StackingOrder {
2134    fn from(small_vec: SmallVec<[u32; 16]>) -> Self {
2135        StackingOrder(small_vec)
2136    }
2137}
2138
2139#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
2140pub enum ElementId {
2141    View(EntityId),
2142    Number(usize),
2143    Name(SharedString),
2144    FocusHandle(FocusId),
2145}
2146
2147impl From<EntityId> for ElementId {
2148    fn from(id: EntityId) -> Self {
2149        ElementId::View(id)
2150    }
2151}
2152
2153impl From<usize> for ElementId {
2154    fn from(id: usize) -> Self {
2155        ElementId::Number(id)
2156    }
2157}
2158
2159impl From<i32> for ElementId {
2160    fn from(id: i32) -> Self {
2161        Self::Number(id as usize)
2162    }
2163}
2164
2165impl From<SharedString> for ElementId {
2166    fn from(name: SharedString) -> Self {
2167        ElementId::Name(name)
2168    }
2169}
2170
2171impl From<&'static str> for ElementId {
2172    fn from(name: &'static str) -> Self {
2173        ElementId::Name(name.into())
2174    }
2175}
2176
2177impl<'a> From<&'a FocusHandle> for ElementId {
2178    fn from(handle: &'a FocusHandle) -> Self {
2179        ElementId::FocusHandle(handle.id)
2180    }
2181}