1use crate::{
2 json_log::LogRecord,
3 protocol::{
4 message_len_from_buffer, read_message_with_len, write_message, MessageId, MESSAGE_LEN_SIZE,
5 },
6};
7use anyhow::{anyhow, Context as _, Result};
8use collections::HashMap;
9use futures::{
10 channel::{mpsc, oneshot},
11 future::BoxFuture,
12 select_biased, AsyncReadExt as _, AsyncWriteExt as _, Future, FutureExt as _, StreamExt as _,
13};
14use gpui::{AppContext, AsyncAppContext, Model, SemanticVersion};
15use parking_lot::Mutex;
16use rpc::{
17 proto::{self, build_typed_envelope, Envelope, EnvelopedMessage, PeerId, RequestMessage},
18 EntityMessageSubscriber, ProtoClient, ProtoMessageHandlerSet, RpcError,
19};
20use smol::{
21 fs,
22 process::{self, Stdio},
23};
24use std::{
25 any::TypeId,
26 ffi::OsStr,
27 path::{Path, PathBuf},
28 sync::{
29 atomic::{AtomicU32, Ordering::SeqCst},
30 Arc,
31 },
32 time::Instant,
33};
34use tempfile::TempDir;
35
36#[derive(
37 Debug, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash, Clone, Copy, serde::Serialize, serde::Deserialize,
38)]
39pub struct SshProjectId(pub u64);
40
41#[derive(Clone)]
42pub struct SshSocket {
43 connection_options: SshConnectionOptions,
44 socket_path: PathBuf,
45}
46
47pub struct SshSession {
48 next_message_id: AtomicU32,
49 response_channels: ResponseChannels, // Lock
50 outgoing_tx: mpsc::UnboundedSender<Envelope>,
51 spawn_process_tx: mpsc::UnboundedSender<SpawnRequest>,
52 client_socket: Option<SshSocket>,
53 state: Mutex<ProtoMessageHandlerSet>, // Lock
54}
55
56struct SshClientState {
57 socket: SshSocket,
58 _master_process: process::Child,
59 _temp_dir: TempDir,
60}
61
62#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
63pub struct SshConnectionOptions {
64 pub host: String,
65 pub username: Option<String>,
66 pub port: Option<u16>,
67 pub password: Option<String>,
68}
69
70impl SshConnectionOptions {
71 pub fn ssh_url(&self) -> String {
72 let mut result = String::from("ssh://");
73 if let Some(username) = &self.username {
74 result.push_str(username);
75 result.push('@');
76 }
77 result.push_str(&self.host);
78 if let Some(port) = self.port {
79 result.push(':');
80 result.push_str(&port.to_string());
81 }
82 result
83 }
84
85 fn scp_url(&self) -> String {
86 if let Some(username) = &self.username {
87 format!("{}@{}", username, self.host)
88 } else {
89 self.host.clone()
90 }
91 }
92
93 pub fn connection_string(&self) -> String {
94 let host = if let Some(username) = &self.username {
95 format!("{}@{}", username, self.host)
96 } else {
97 self.host.clone()
98 };
99 if let Some(port) = &self.port {
100 format!("{}:{}", host, port)
101 } else {
102 host
103 }
104 }
105}
106
107struct SpawnRequest {
108 command: String,
109 process_tx: oneshot::Sender<process::Child>,
110}
111
112#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
113pub struct SshPlatform {
114 pub os: &'static str,
115 pub arch: &'static str,
116}
117
118pub trait SshClientDelegate {
119 fn ask_password(
120 &self,
121 prompt: String,
122 cx: &mut AsyncAppContext,
123 ) -> oneshot::Receiver<Result<String>>;
124 fn remote_server_binary_path(&self, cx: &mut AsyncAppContext) -> Result<PathBuf>;
125 fn get_server_binary(
126 &self,
127 platform: SshPlatform,
128 cx: &mut AsyncAppContext,
129 ) -> oneshot::Receiver<Result<(PathBuf, SemanticVersion)>>;
130 fn set_status(&self, status: Option<&str>, cx: &mut AsyncAppContext);
131}
132
133type ResponseChannels = Mutex<HashMap<MessageId, oneshot::Sender<(Envelope, oneshot::Sender<()>)>>>;
134
135impl SshSession {
136 pub async fn client(
137 connection_options: SshConnectionOptions,
138 delegate: Arc<dyn SshClientDelegate>,
139 cx: &mut AsyncAppContext,
140 ) -> Result<Arc<Self>> {
141 let client_state = SshClientState::new(connection_options, delegate.clone(), cx).await?;
142
143 let platform = client_state.query_platform().await?;
144 let (local_binary_path, version) = delegate.get_server_binary(platform, cx).await??;
145 let remote_binary_path = delegate.remote_server_binary_path(cx)?;
146 client_state
147 .ensure_server_binary(
148 &delegate,
149 &local_binary_path,
150 &remote_binary_path,
151 version,
152 cx,
153 )
154 .await?;
155
156 let (spawn_process_tx, mut spawn_process_rx) = mpsc::unbounded::<SpawnRequest>();
157 let (outgoing_tx, mut outgoing_rx) = mpsc::unbounded::<Envelope>();
158 let (incoming_tx, incoming_rx) = mpsc::unbounded::<Envelope>();
159
160 let socket = client_state.socket.clone();
161 run_cmd(socket.ssh_command(&remote_binary_path).arg("version")).await?;
162
163 let mut remote_server_child = socket
164 .ssh_command(format!(
165 "RUST_LOG={} RUST_BACKTRACE={} {:?} run",
166 std::env::var("RUST_LOG").unwrap_or_default(),
167 std::env::var("RUST_BACKTRACE").unwrap_or_default(),
168 remote_binary_path,
169 ))
170 .spawn()
171 .context("failed to spawn remote server")?;
172 let mut child_stderr = remote_server_child.stderr.take().unwrap();
173 let mut child_stdout = remote_server_child.stdout.take().unwrap();
174 let mut child_stdin = remote_server_child.stdin.take().unwrap();
175
176 let executor = cx.background_executor().clone();
177 executor.clone().spawn(async move {
178 let mut stdin_buffer = Vec::new();
179 let mut stdout_buffer = Vec::new();
180 let mut stderr_buffer = Vec::new();
181 let mut stderr_offset = 0;
182
183 loop {
184 stdout_buffer.resize(MESSAGE_LEN_SIZE, 0);
185 stderr_buffer.resize(stderr_offset + 1024, 0);
186
187 select_biased! {
188 outgoing = outgoing_rx.next().fuse() => {
189 let Some(outgoing) = outgoing else {
190 return anyhow::Ok(());
191 };
192
193 write_message(&mut child_stdin, &mut stdin_buffer, outgoing).await?;
194 }
195
196 request = spawn_process_rx.next().fuse() => {
197 let Some(request) = request else {
198 return Ok(());
199 };
200
201 log::info!("spawn process: {:?}", request.command);
202 let child = client_state.socket
203 .ssh_command(&request.command)
204 .spawn()
205 .context("failed to create channel")?;
206 request.process_tx.send(child).ok();
207 }
208
209 result = child_stdout.read(&mut stdout_buffer).fuse() => {
210 match result {
211 Ok(len) => {
212 if len == 0 {
213 child_stdin.close().await?;
214 let status = remote_server_child.status().await?;
215 if !status.success() {
216 log::info!("channel exited with status: {status:?}");
217 }
218 return Ok(());
219 }
220
221 if len < stdout_buffer.len() {
222 child_stdout.read_exact(&mut stdout_buffer[len..]).await?;
223 }
224
225 let message_len = message_len_from_buffer(&stdout_buffer);
226 match read_message_with_len(&mut child_stdout, &mut stdout_buffer, message_len).await {
227 Ok(envelope) => {
228 incoming_tx.unbounded_send(envelope).ok();
229 }
230 Err(error) => {
231 log::error!("error decoding message {error:?}");
232 }
233 }
234 }
235 Err(error) => {
236 Err(anyhow!("error reading stdout: {error:?}"))?;
237 }
238 }
239 }
240
241 result = child_stderr.read(&mut stderr_buffer[stderr_offset..]).fuse() => {
242 match result {
243 Ok(len) => {
244 stderr_offset += len;
245 let mut start_ix = 0;
246 while let Some(ix) = stderr_buffer[start_ix..stderr_offset].iter().position(|b| b == &b'\n') {
247 let line_ix = start_ix + ix;
248 let content = &stderr_buffer[start_ix..line_ix];
249 start_ix = line_ix + 1;
250 if let Ok(mut record) = serde_json::from_slice::<LogRecord>(content) {
251 record.message = format!("(remote) {}", record.message);
252 record.log(log::logger())
253 } else {
254 eprintln!("(remote) {}", String::from_utf8_lossy(content));
255 }
256 }
257 stderr_buffer.drain(0..start_ix);
258 stderr_offset -= start_ix;
259 }
260 Err(error) => {
261 Err(anyhow!("error reading stderr: {error:?}"))?;
262 }
263 }
264 }
265 }
266 }
267 }).detach();
268
269 cx.update(|cx| Self::new(incoming_rx, outgoing_tx, spawn_process_tx, Some(socket), cx))
270 }
271
272 pub fn server(
273 incoming_rx: mpsc::UnboundedReceiver<Envelope>,
274 outgoing_tx: mpsc::UnboundedSender<Envelope>,
275 cx: &AppContext,
276 ) -> Arc<SshSession> {
277 let (tx, _rx) = mpsc::unbounded();
278 Self::new(incoming_rx, outgoing_tx, tx, None, cx)
279 }
280
281 #[cfg(any(test, feature = "test-support"))]
282 pub fn fake(
283 client_cx: &mut gpui::TestAppContext,
284 server_cx: &mut gpui::TestAppContext,
285 ) -> (Arc<Self>, Arc<Self>) {
286 let (server_to_client_tx, server_to_client_rx) = mpsc::unbounded();
287 let (client_to_server_tx, client_to_server_rx) = mpsc::unbounded();
288 let (tx, _rx) = mpsc::unbounded();
289 (
290 client_cx.update(|cx| {
291 Self::new(
292 server_to_client_rx,
293 client_to_server_tx,
294 tx.clone(),
295 None, // todo()
296 cx,
297 )
298 }),
299 server_cx.update(|cx| {
300 Self::new(
301 client_to_server_rx,
302 server_to_client_tx,
303 tx.clone(),
304 None,
305 cx,
306 )
307 }),
308 )
309 }
310
311 fn new(
312 mut incoming_rx: mpsc::UnboundedReceiver<Envelope>,
313 outgoing_tx: mpsc::UnboundedSender<Envelope>,
314 spawn_process_tx: mpsc::UnboundedSender<SpawnRequest>,
315 client_socket: Option<SshSocket>,
316 cx: &AppContext,
317 ) -> Arc<SshSession> {
318 let this = Arc::new(Self {
319 next_message_id: AtomicU32::new(0),
320 response_channels: ResponseChannels::default(),
321 outgoing_tx,
322 spawn_process_tx,
323 client_socket,
324 state: Default::default(),
325 });
326
327 cx.spawn(|cx| {
328 let this = this.clone();
329 async move {
330 let peer_id = PeerId { owner_id: 0, id: 0 };
331 while let Some(incoming) = incoming_rx.next().await {
332 if let Some(request_id) = incoming.responding_to {
333 let request_id = MessageId(request_id);
334 let sender = this.response_channels.lock().remove(&request_id);
335 if let Some(sender) = sender {
336 let (tx, rx) = oneshot::channel();
337 if incoming.payload.is_some() {
338 sender.send((incoming, tx)).ok();
339 }
340 rx.await.ok();
341 }
342 } else if let Some(envelope) =
343 build_typed_envelope(peer_id, Instant::now(), incoming)
344 {
345 let type_name = envelope.payload_type_name();
346 if let Some(future) = ProtoMessageHandlerSet::handle_message(
347 &this.state,
348 envelope,
349 this.clone().into(),
350 cx.clone(),
351 ) {
352 log::debug!("ssh message received. name:{type_name}");
353 match future.await {
354 Ok(_) => {
355 log::debug!("ssh message handled. name:{type_name}");
356 }
357 Err(error) => {
358 log::error!(
359 "error handling message. type:{type_name}, error:{error}",
360 );
361 }
362 }
363 } else {
364 log::error!("unhandled ssh message name:{type_name}");
365 }
366 }
367 }
368 anyhow::Ok(())
369 }
370 })
371 .detach();
372
373 this
374 }
375
376 pub fn request<T: RequestMessage>(
377 &self,
378 payload: T,
379 ) -> impl 'static + Future<Output = Result<T::Response>> {
380 log::debug!("ssh request start. name:{}", T::NAME);
381 let response = self.request_dynamic(payload.into_envelope(0, None, None), T::NAME);
382 async move {
383 let response = response.await?;
384 log::debug!("ssh request finish. name:{}", T::NAME);
385 T::Response::from_envelope(response)
386 .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("received a response of the wrong type"))
387 }
388 }
389
390 pub fn send<T: EnvelopedMessage>(&self, payload: T) -> Result<()> {
391 log::debug!("ssh send name:{}", T::NAME);
392 self.send_dynamic(payload.into_envelope(0, None, None))
393 }
394
395 pub fn request_dynamic(
396 &self,
397 mut envelope: proto::Envelope,
398 type_name: &'static str,
399 ) -> impl 'static + Future<Output = Result<proto::Envelope>> {
400 envelope.id = self.next_message_id.fetch_add(1, SeqCst);
401 let (tx, rx) = oneshot::channel();
402 let mut response_channels_lock = self.response_channels.lock();
403 response_channels_lock.insert(MessageId(envelope.id), tx);
404 drop(response_channels_lock);
405 self.outgoing_tx.unbounded_send(envelope).ok();
406 async move {
407 let response = rx.await.context("connection lost")?.0;
408 if let Some(proto::envelope::Payload::Error(error)) = &response.payload {
409 return Err(RpcError::from_proto(error, type_name));
410 }
411 Ok(response)
412 }
413 }
414
415 pub fn send_dynamic(&self, mut envelope: proto::Envelope) -> Result<()> {
416 envelope.id = self.next_message_id.fetch_add(1, SeqCst);
417 self.outgoing_tx.unbounded_send(envelope)?;
418 Ok(())
419 }
420
421 pub fn subscribe_to_entity<E: 'static>(&self, remote_id: u64, entity: &Model<E>) {
422 let id = (TypeId::of::<E>(), remote_id);
423
424 let mut state = self.state.lock();
425 if state.entities_by_type_and_remote_id.contains_key(&id) {
426 panic!("already subscribed to entity");
427 }
428
429 state.entities_by_type_and_remote_id.insert(
430 id,
431 EntityMessageSubscriber::Entity {
432 handle: entity.downgrade().into(),
433 },
434 );
435 }
436
437 pub async fn spawn_process(&self, command: String) -> process::Child {
438 let (process_tx, process_rx) = oneshot::channel();
439 self.spawn_process_tx
440 .unbounded_send(SpawnRequest {
441 command,
442 process_tx,
443 })
444 .ok();
445 process_rx.await.unwrap()
446 }
447
448 pub fn ssh_args(&self) -> Vec<String> {
449 self.client_socket.as_ref().unwrap().ssh_args()
450 }
451}
452
453impl ProtoClient for SshSession {
454 fn request(
455 &self,
456 envelope: proto::Envelope,
457 request_type: &'static str,
458 ) -> BoxFuture<'static, Result<proto::Envelope>> {
459 self.request_dynamic(envelope, request_type).boxed()
460 }
461
462 fn send(&self, envelope: proto::Envelope, _message_type: &'static str) -> Result<()> {
463 self.send_dynamic(envelope)
464 }
465
466 fn send_response(&self, envelope: Envelope, _message_type: &'static str) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
467 self.send_dynamic(envelope)
468 }
469
470 fn message_handler_set(&self) -> &Mutex<ProtoMessageHandlerSet> {
471 &self.state
472 }
473
474 fn is_via_collab(&self) -> bool {
475 false
476 }
477}
478
479impl SshClientState {
480 #[cfg(not(unix))]
481 async fn new(
482 _connection_options: SshConnectionOptions,
483 _delegate: Arc<dyn SshClientDelegate>,
484 _cx: &mut AsyncAppContext,
485 ) -> Result<Self> {
486 Err(anyhow!("ssh is not supported on this platform"))
487 }
488
489 #[cfg(unix)]
490 async fn new(
491 connection_options: SshConnectionOptions,
492 delegate: Arc<dyn SshClientDelegate>,
493 cx: &mut AsyncAppContext,
494 ) -> Result<Self> {
495 use futures::{io::BufReader, AsyncBufReadExt as _};
496 use smol::{fs::unix::PermissionsExt as _, net::unix::UnixListener};
497 use util::ResultExt as _;
498
499 delegate.set_status(Some("connecting"), cx);
500
501 let url = connection_options.ssh_url();
502 let temp_dir = tempfile::Builder::new()
503 .prefix("zed-ssh-session")
504 .tempdir()?;
505
506 // Create a domain socket listener to handle requests from the askpass program.
507 let askpass_socket = temp_dir.path().join("askpass.sock");
508 let listener =
509 UnixListener::bind(&askpass_socket).context("failed to create askpass socket")?;
510
511 let askpass_task = cx.spawn(|mut cx| async move {
512 while let Ok((mut stream, _)) = listener.accept().await {
513 let mut buffer = Vec::new();
514 let mut reader = BufReader::new(&mut stream);
515 if reader.read_until(b'\0', &mut buffer).await.is_err() {
516 buffer.clear();
517 }
518 let password_prompt = String::from_utf8_lossy(&buffer);
519 if let Some(password) = delegate
520 .ask_password(password_prompt.to_string(), &mut cx)
521 .await
522 .context("failed to get ssh password")
523 .and_then(|p| p)
524 .log_err()
525 {
526 stream.write_all(password.as_bytes()).await.log_err();
527 }
528 }
529 });
530
531 // Create an askpass script that communicates back to this process.
532 let askpass_script = format!(
533 "{shebang}\n{print_args} | nc -U {askpass_socket} 2> /dev/null \n",
534 askpass_socket = askpass_socket.display(),
535 print_args = "printf '%s\\0' \"$@\"",
536 shebang = "#!/bin/sh",
537 );
538 let askpass_script_path = temp_dir.path().join("askpass.sh");
539 fs::write(&askpass_script_path, askpass_script).await?;
540 fs::set_permissions(&askpass_script_path, std::fs::Permissions::from_mode(0o755)).await?;
541
542 // Start the master SSH process, which does not do anything except for establish
543 // the connection and keep it open, allowing other ssh commands to reuse it
544 // via a control socket.
545 let socket_path = temp_dir.path().join("ssh.sock");
546 let mut master_process = process::Command::new("ssh")
547 .stdin(Stdio::null())
548 .stdout(Stdio::piped())
549 .stderr(Stdio::piped())
550 .env("SSH_ASKPASS_REQUIRE", "force")
551 .env("SSH_ASKPASS", &askpass_script_path)
552 .args(["-N", "-o", "ControlMaster=yes", "-o"])
553 .arg(format!("ControlPath={}", socket_path.display()))
554 .arg(&url)
555 .spawn()?;
556
557 // Wait for this ssh process to close its stdout, indicating that authentication
558 // has completed.
559 let stdout = master_process.stdout.as_mut().unwrap();
560 let mut output = Vec::new();
561 stdout.read_to_end(&mut output).await?;
562 drop(askpass_task);
563
564 if master_process.try_status()?.is_some() {
565 output.clear();
566 let mut stderr = master_process.stderr.take().unwrap();
567 stderr.read_to_end(&mut output).await?;
568 Err(anyhow!(
569 "failed to connect: {}",
570 String::from_utf8_lossy(&output)
571 ))?;
572 }
573
574 Ok(Self {
575 socket: SshSocket {
576 connection_options,
577 socket_path,
578 },
579 _master_process: master_process,
580 _temp_dir: temp_dir,
581 })
582 }
583
584 async fn ensure_server_binary(
585 &self,
586 delegate: &Arc<dyn SshClientDelegate>,
587 src_path: &Path,
588 dst_path: &Path,
589 version: SemanticVersion,
590 cx: &mut AsyncAppContext,
591 ) -> Result<()> {
592 let mut dst_path_gz = dst_path.to_path_buf();
593 dst_path_gz.set_extension("gz");
594
595 if let Some(parent) = dst_path.parent() {
596 run_cmd(self.socket.ssh_command("mkdir").arg("-p").arg(parent)).await?;
597 }
598
599 let mut server_binary_exists = false;
600 if cfg!(not(debug_assertions)) {
601 if let Ok(installed_version) =
602 run_cmd(self.socket.ssh_command(dst_path).arg("version")).await
603 {
604 if installed_version.trim() == version.to_string() {
605 server_binary_exists = true;
606 }
607 }
608 }
609
610 if server_binary_exists {
611 log::info!("remote development server already present",);
612 return Ok(());
613 }
614
615 let src_stat = fs::metadata(src_path).await?;
616 let size = src_stat.len();
617 let server_mode = 0o755;
618
619 let t0 = Instant::now();
620 delegate.set_status(Some("uploading remote development server"), cx);
621 log::info!("uploading remote development server ({}kb)", size / 1024);
622 self.upload_file(src_path, &dst_path_gz)
623 .await
624 .context("failed to upload server binary")?;
625 log::info!("uploaded remote development server in {:?}", t0.elapsed());
626
627 delegate.set_status(Some("extracting remote development server"), cx);
628 run_cmd(
629 self.socket
630 .ssh_command("gunzip")
631 .arg("--force")
632 .arg(&dst_path_gz),
633 )
634 .await?;
635
636 delegate.set_status(Some("unzipping remote development server"), cx);
637 run_cmd(
638 self.socket
639 .ssh_command("chmod")
640 .arg(format!("{:o}", server_mode))
641 .arg(dst_path),
642 )
643 .await?;
644
645 Ok(())
646 }
647
648 async fn query_platform(&self) -> Result<SshPlatform> {
649 let os = run_cmd(self.socket.ssh_command("uname").arg("-s")).await?;
650 let arch = run_cmd(self.socket.ssh_command("uname").arg("-m")).await?;
651
652 let os = match os.trim() {
653 "Darwin" => "macos",
654 "Linux" => "linux",
655 _ => Err(anyhow!("unknown uname os {os:?}"))?,
656 };
657 let arch = if arch.starts_with("arm") || arch.starts_with("aarch64") {
658 "aarch64"
659 } else if arch.starts_with("x86") || arch.starts_with("i686") {
660 "x86_64"
661 } else {
662 Err(anyhow!("unknown uname architecture {arch:?}"))?
663 };
664
665 Ok(SshPlatform { os, arch })
666 }
667
668 async fn upload_file(&self, src_path: &Path, dest_path: &Path) -> Result<()> {
669 let mut command = process::Command::new("scp");
670 let output = self
671 .socket
672 .ssh_options(&mut command)
673 .args(
674 self.socket
675 .connection_options
676 .port
677 .map(|port| vec!["-P".to_string(), port.to_string()])
678 .unwrap_or_default(),
679 )
680 .arg(src_path)
681 .arg(format!(
682 "{}:{}",
683 self.socket.connection_options.scp_url(),
684 dest_path.display()
685 ))
686 .output()
687 .await?;
688
689 if output.status.success() {
690 Ok(())
691 } else {
692 Err(anyhow!(
693 "failed to upload file {} -> {}: {}",
694 src_path.display(),
695 dest_path.display(),
696 String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr)
697 ))
698 }
699 }
700}
701
702impl SshSocket {
703 fn ssh_command<S: AsRef<OsStr>>(&self, program: S) -> process::Command {
704 let mut command = process::Command::new("ssh");
705 self.ssh_options(&mut command)
706 .arg(self.connection_options.ssh_url())
707 .arg(program);
708 command
709 }
710
711 fn ssh_options<'a>(&self, command: &'a mut process::Command) -> &'a mut process::Command {
712 command
713 .stdin(Stdio::piped())
714 .stdout(Stdio::piped())
715 .stderr(Stdio::piped())
716 .args(["-o", "ControlMaster=no", "-o"])
717 .arg(format!("ControlPath={}", self.socket_path.display()))
718 }
719
720 fn ssh_args(&self) -> Vec<String> {
721 vec![
722 "-o".to_string(),
723 "ControlMaster=no".to_string(),
724 "-o".to_string(),
725 format!("ControlPath={}", self.socket_path.display()),
726 self.connection_options.ssh_url(),
727 ]
728 }
729}
730
731async fn run_cmd(command: &mut process::Command) -> Result<String> {
732 let output = command.output().await?;
733 if output.status.success() {
734 Ok(String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stdout).to_string())
735 } else {
736 Err(anyhow!(
737 "failed to run command: {}",
738 String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr)
739 ))
740 }
741}