window.rs

   1use crate::{
   2    px, size, transparent_black, Action, AnyDrag, AnyView, AppContext, Arena, AsyncWindowContext,
   3    AvailableSpace, Bounds, Context, Corners, CursorStyle, DispatchActionListener, DispatchNodeId,
   4    DispatchTree, DisplayId, Edges, Effect, Entity, EntityId, EventEmitter, FileDropEvent, Flatten,
   5    Global, GlobalElementId, Hsla, KeyBinding, KeyContext, KeyDownEvent, KeyMatch, KeymatchResult,
   6    Keystroke, KeystrokeEvent, Model, ModelContext, Modifiers, MouseButton, MouseMoveEvent,
   7    MouseUpEvent, Pixels, PlatformAtlas, PlatformDisplay, PlatformInput, PlatformWindow, Point,
   8    PromptLevel, Render, ScaledPixels, SharedString, Size, SubscriberSet, Subscription,
   9    TaffyLayoutEngine, Task, View, VisualContext, WeakView, WindowAppearance, WindowBounds,
  10    WindowOptions, WindowTextSystem,
  11};
  12use anyhow::{anyhow, Context as _, Result};
  13use collections::FxHashSet;
  14use derive_more::{Deref, DerefMut};
  15use futures::channel::oneshot;
  16use parking_lot::RwLock;
  17use slotmap::SlotMap;
  18use smallvec::SmallVec;
  19use std::{
  20    any::{Any, TypeId},
  21    borrow::{Borrow, BorrowMut},
  22    cell::{Cell, RefCell},
  23    fmt::{Debug, Display},
  24    future::Future,
  25    hash::{Hash, Hasher},
  26    marker::PhantomData,
  27    mem,
  28    rc::Rc,
  29    sync::{
  30        atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering::SeqCst},
  31        Arc,
  32    },
  33    time::{Duration, Instant},
  34};
  35use util::{measure, ResultExt};
  36
  37mod element_cx;
  38pub use element_cx::*;
  39
  40const ACTIVE_DRAG_Z_INDEX: u16 = 1;
  41
  42/// A global stacking order, which is created by stacking successive z-index values.
  43/// Each z-index will always be interpreted in the context of its parent z-index.
  44#[derive(Debug, Deref, DerefMut, Clone, Ord, PartialOrd, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]
  45pub struct StackingOrder(SmallVec<[StackingContext; 64]>);
  46
  47/// A single entry in a primitive's z-index stacking order
  48#[derive(Clone, Ord, PartialOrd, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]
  49pub struct StackingContext {
  50    pub(crate) z_index: u16,
  51    pub(crate) id: u16,
  52}
  53
  54impl std::fmt::Debug for StackingContext {
  55    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
  56        write!(f, "{{{}.{}}} ", self.z_index, self.id)
  57    }
  58}
  59
  60/// Represents the two different phases when dispatching events.
  61#[derive(Default, Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
  62pub enum DispatchPhase {
  63    /// After the capture phase comes the bubble phase, in which mouse event listeners are
  64    /// invoked front to back and keyboard event listeners are invoked from the focused element
  65    /// to the root of the element tree. This is the phase you'll most commonly want to use when
  66    /// registering event listeners.
  67    #[default]
  68    Bubble,
  69    /// During the initial capture phase, mouse event listeners are invoked back to front, and keyboard
  70    /// listeners are invoked from the root of the tree downward toward the focused element. This phase
  71    /// is used for special purposes such as clearing the "pressed" state for click events. If
  72    /// you stop event propagation during this phase, you need to know what you're doing. Handlers
  73    /// outside of the immediate region may rely on detecting non-local events during this phase.
  74    Capture,
  75}
  76
  77impl DispatchPhase {
  78    /// Returns true if this represents the "bubble" phase.
  79    pub fn bubble(self) -> bool {
  80        self == DispatchPhase::Bubble
  81    }
  82
  83    /// Returns true if this represents the "capture" phase.
  84    pub fn capture(self) -> bool {
  85        self == DispatchPhase::Capture
  86    }
  87}
  88
  89type AnyObserver = Box<dyn FnMut(&mut WindowContext) -> bool + 'static>;
  90
  91type AnyWindowFocusListener = Box<dyn FnMut(&FocusEvent, &mut WindowContext) -> bool + 'static>;
  92
  93struct FocusEvent {
  94    previous_focus_path: SmallVec<[FocusId; 8]>,
  95    current_focus_path: SmallVec<[FocusId; 8]>,
  96}
  97
  98slotmap::new_key_type! {
  99    /// A globally unique identifier for a focusable element.
 100    pub struct FocusId;
 101}
 102
 103thread_local! {
 104    pub(crate) static ELEMENT_ARENA: RefCell<Arena> = RefCell::new(Arena::new(8 * 1024 * 1024));
 105}
 106
 107impl FocusId {
 108    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle is currently focused.
 109    pub fn is_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 110        cx.window.focus == Some(*self)
 111    }
 112
 113    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle contains the focused
 114    /// element or is itself focused.
 115    pub fn contains_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 116        cx.focused()
 117            .map_or(false, |focused| self.contains(focused.id, cx))
 118    }
 119
 120    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle is contained within the
 121    /// focused element or is itself focused.
 122    pub fn within_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 123        let focused = cx.focused();
 124        focused.map_or(false, |focused| focused.id.contains(*self, cx))
 125    }
 126
 127    /// Obtains whether this handle contains the given handle in the most recently rendered frame.
 128    pub(crate) fn contains(&self, other: Self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 129        cx.window
 130            .rendered_frame
 131            .dispatch_tree
 132            .focus_contains(*self, other)
 133    }
 134}
 135
 136/// A handle which can be used to track and manipulate the focused element in a window.
 137pub struct FocusHandle {
 138    pub(crate) id: FocusId,
 139    handles: Arc<RwLock<SlotMap<FocusId, AtomicUsize>>>,
 140}
 141
 142impl std::fmt::Debug for FocusHandle {
 143    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
 144        f.write_fmt(format_args!("FocusHandle({:?})", self.id))
 145    }
 146}
 147
 148impl FocusHandle {
 149    pub(crate) fn new(handles: &Arc<RwLock<SlotMap<FocusId, AtomicUsize>>>) -> Self {
 150        let id = handles.write().insert(AtomicUsize::new(1));
 151        Self {
 152            id,
 153            handles: handles.clone(),
 154        }
 155    }
 156
 157    pub(crate) fn for_id(
 158        id: FocusId,
 159        handles: &Arc<RwLock<SlotMap<FocusId, AtomicUsize>>>,
 160    ) -> Option<Self> {
 161        let lock = handles.read();
 162        let ref_count = lock.get(id)?;
 163        if ref_count.load(SeqCst) == 0 {
 164            None
 165        } else {
 166            ref_count.fetch_add(1, SeqCst);
 167            Some(Self {
 168                id,
 169                handles: handles.clone(),
 170            })
 171        }
 172    }
 173
 174    /// Moves the focus to the element associated with this handle.
 175    pub fn focus(&self, cx: &mut WindowContext) {
 176        cx.focus(self)
 177    }
 178
 179    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle is currently focused.
 180    pub fn is_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 181        self.id.is_focused(cx)
 182    }
 183
 184    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle contains the focused
 185    /// element or is itself focused.
 186    pub fn contains_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 187        self.id.contains_focused(cx)
 188    }
 189
 190    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle is contained within the
 191    /// focused element or is itself focused.
 192    pub fn within_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 193        self.id.within_focused(cx)
 194    }
 195
 196    /// Obtains whether this handle contains the given handle in the most recently rendered frame.
 197    pub fn contains(&self, other: &Self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 198        self.id.contains(other.id, cx)
 199    }
 200}
 201
 202impl Clone for FocusHandle {
 203    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
 204        Self::for_id(self.id, &self.handles).unwrap()
 205    }
 206}
 207
 208impl PartialEq for FocusHandle {
 209    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
 210        self.id == other.id
 211    }
 212}
 213
 214impl Eq for FocusHandle {}
 215
 216impl Drop for FocusHandle {
 217    fn drop(&mut self) {
 218        self.handles
 219            .read()
 220            .get(self.id)
 221            .unwrap()
 222            .fetch_sub(1, SeqCst);
 223    }
 224}
 225
 226/// FocusableView allows users of your view to easily
 227/// focus it (using cx.focus_view(view))
 228pub trait FocusableView: 'static + Render {
 229    /// Returns the focus handle associated with this view.
 230    fn focus_handle(&self, cx: &AppContext) -> FocusHandle;
 231}
 232
 233/// ManagedView is a view (like a Modal, Popover, Menu, etc.)
 234/// where the lifecycle of the view is handled by another view.
 235pub trait ManagedView: FocusableView + EventEmitter<DismissEvent> {}
 236
 237impl<M: FocusableView + EventEmitter<DismissEvent>> ManagedView for M {}
 238
 239/// Emitted by implementers of [`ManagedView`] to indicate the view should be dismissed, such as when a view is presented as a modal.
 240pub struct DismissEvent;
 241
 242type FrameCallback = Box<dyn FnOnce(&mut WindowContext)>;
 243
 244// Holds the state for a specific window.
 245#[doc(hidden)]
 246pub struct Window {
 247    pub(crate) handle: AnyWindowHandle,
 248    pub(crate) removed: bool,
 249    pub(crate) platform_window: Box<dyn PlatformWindow>,
 250    display_id: DisplayId,
 251    sprite_atlas: Arc<dyn PlatformAtlas>,
 252    text_system: Arc<WindowTextSystem>,
 253    pub(crate) rem_size: Pixels,
 254    pub(crate) viewport_size: Size<Pixels>,
 255    layout_engine: Option<TaffyLayoutEngine>,
 256    pub(crate) root_view: Option<AnyView>,
 257    pub(crate) element_id_stack: GlobalElementId,
 258    pub(crate) rendered_frame: Frame,
 259    pub(crate) next_frame: Frame,
 260    next_frame_callbacks: Rc<RefCell<Vec<FrameCallback>>>,
 261    pub(crate) dirty_views: FxHashSet<EntityId>,
 262    pub(crate) focus_handles: Arc<RwLock<SlotMap<FocusId, AtomicUsize>>>,
 263    focus_listeners: SubscriberSet<(), AnyWindowFocusListener>,
 264    focus_lost_listeners: SubscriberSet<(), AnyObserver>,
 265    default_prevented: bool,
 266    mouse_position: Point<Pixels>,
 267    modifiers: Modifiers,
 268    scale_factor: f32,
 269    bounds: WindowBounds,
 270    bounds_observers: SubscriberSet<(), AnyObserver>,
 271    appearance: WindowAppearance,
 272    appearance_observers: SubscriberSet<(), AnyObserver>,
 273    active: Rc<Cell<bool>>,
 274    pub(crate) dirty: Rc<Cell<bool>>,
 275    pub(crate) needs_present: Rc<Cell<bool>>,
 276    pub(crate) last_input_timestamp: Rc<Cell<Instant>>,
 277    pub(crate) refreshing: bool,
 278    pub(crate) drawing: bool,
 279    activation_observers: SubscriberSet<(), AnyObserver>,
 280    pub(crate) focus: Option<FocusId>,
 281    focus_enabled: bool,
 282    pending_input: Option<PendingInput>,
 283    graphics_profiler_enabled: bool,
 284}
 285
 286#[derive(Default, Debug)]
 287struct PendingInput {
 288    keystrokes: SmallVec<[Keystroke; 1]>,
 289    bindings: SmallVec<[KeyBinding; 1]>,
 290    focus: Option<FocusId>,
 291    timer: Option<Task<()>>,
 292}
 293
 294impl PendingInput {
 295    fn input(&self) -> String {
 296        self.keystrokes
 297            .iter()
 298            .flat_map(|k| k.ime_key.clone())
 299            .collect::<Vec<String>>()
 300            .join("")
 301    }
 302
 303    fn used_by_binding(&self, binding: &KeyBinding) -> bool {
 304        if self.keystrokes.is_empty() {
 305            return true;
 306        }
 307        let keystroke = &self.keystrokes[0];
 308        for candidate in keystroke.match_candidates() {
 309            if binding.match_keystrokes(&[candidate]) == KeyMatch::Pending {
 310                return true;
 311            }
 312        }
 313        false
 314    }
 315}
 316
 317pub(crate) struct ElementStateBox {
 318    pub(crate) inner: Box<dyn Any>,
 319    pub(crate) parent_view_id: EntityId,
 320    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
 321    pub(crate) type_name: &'static str,
 322}
 323
 324impl Window {
 325    pub(crate) fn new(
 326        handle: AnyWindowHandle,
 327        options: WindowOptions,
 328        cx: &mut AppContext,
 329    ) -> Self {
 330        let platform_window = cx.platform.open_window(handle, options);
 331        let display_id = platform_window.display().id();
 332        let sprite_atlas = platform_window.sprite_atlas();
 333        let mouse_position = platform_window.mouse_position();
 334        let modifiers = platform_window.modifiers();
 335        let content_size = platform_window.content_size();
 336        let scale_factor = platform_window.scale_factor();
 337        let bounds = platform_window.bounds();
 338        let appearance = platform_window.appearance();
 339        let text_system = Arc::new(WindowTextSystem::new(cx.text_system().clone()));
 340        let dirty = Rc::new(Cell::new(true));
 341        let active = Rc::new(Cell::new(false));
 342        let needs_present = Rc::new(Cell::new(false));
 343        let next_frame_callbacks: Rc<RefCell<Vec<FrameCallback>>> = Default::default();
 344        let last_input_timestamp = Rc::new(Cell::new(Instant::now()));
 345
 346        platform_window.on_close(Box::new({
 347            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 348            move || {
 349                let _ = handle.update(&mut cx, |_, cx| cx.remove_window());
 350            }
 351        }));
 352        platform_window.on_request_frame(Box::new({
 353            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 354            let dirty = dirty.clone();
 355            let active = active.clone();
 356            let needs_present = needs_present.clone();
 357            let next_frame_callbacks = next_frame_callbacks.clone();
 358            let last_input_timestamp = last_input_timestamp.clone();
 359            move || {
 360                let next_frame_callbacks = next_frame_callbacks.take();
 361                if !next_frame_callbacks.is_empty() {
 362                    handle
 363                        .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| {
 364                            for callback in next_frame_callbacks {
 365                                callback(cx);
 366                            }
 367                        })
 368                        .log_err();
 369                }
 370
 371                // Keep presenting the current scene for 1 extra second since the
 372                // last input to prevent the display from underclocking the refresh rate.
 373                let needs_present = needs_present.get()
 374                    || (active.get()
 375                        && last_input_timestamp.get().elapsed() < Duration::from_secs(1));
 376
 377                if dirty.get() {
 378                    measure("frame duration", || {
 379                        handle
 380                            .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| {
 381                                cx.draw();
 382                                cx.present();
 383                            })
 384                            .log_err();
 385                    })
 386                } else if needs_present {
 387                    handle.update(&mut cx, |_, cx| cx.present()).log_err();
 388                }
 389            }
 390        }));
 391        platform_window.on_resize(Box::new({
 392            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 393            move |_, _| {
 394                handle
 395                    .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| cx.window_bounds_changed())
 396                    .log_err();
 397            }
 398        }));
 399        platform_window.on_moved(Box::new({
 400            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 401            move || {
 402                handle
 403                    .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| cx.window_bounds_changed())
 404                    .log_err();
 405            }
 406        }));
 407        platform_window.on_appearance_changed(Box::new({
 408            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 409            move || {
 410                handle
 411                    .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| cx.appearance_changed())
 412                    .log_err();
 413            }
 414        }));
 415        platform_window.on_active_status_change(Box::new({
 416            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 417            move |active| {
 418                handle
 419                    .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| {
 420                        cx.window.active.set(active);
 421                        cx.window
 422                            .activation_observers
 423                            .clone()
 424                            .retain(&(), |callback| callback(cx));
 425                    })
 426                    .log_err();
 427            }
 428        }));
 429
 430        platform_window.on_input({
 431            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 432            Box::new(move |event| {
 433                handle
 434                    .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| cx.dispatch_event(event))
 435                    .log_err()
 436                    .unwrap_or(false)
 437            })
 438        });
 439
 440        Window {
 441            handle,
 442            removed: false,
 443            platform_window,
 444            display_id,
 445            sprite_atlas,
 446            text_system,
 447            rem_size: px(16.),
 448            viewport_size: content_size,
 449            layout_engine: Some(TaffyLayoutEngine::new()),
 450            root_view: None,
 451            element_id_stack: GlobalElementId::default(),
 452            rendered_frame: Frame::new(DispatchTree::new(cx.keymap.clone(), cx.actions.clone())),
 453            next_frame: Frame::new(DispatchTree::new(cx.keymap.clone(), cx.actions.clone())),
 454            next_frame_callbacks,
 455            dirty_views: FxHashSet::default(),
 456            focus_handles: Arc::new(RwLock::new(SlotMap::with_key())),
 457            focus_listeners: SubscriberSet::new(),
 458            focus_lost_listeners: SubscriberSet::new(),
 459            default_prevented: true,
 460            mouse_position,
 461            modifiers,
 462            scale_factor,
 463            bounds,
 464            bounds_observers: SubscriberSet::new(),
 465            appearance,
 466            appearance_observers: SubscriberSet::new(),
 467            active,
 468            dirty,
 469            needs_present,
 470            last_input_timestamp,
 471            refreshing: false,
 472            drawing: false,
 473            activation_observers: SubscriberSet::new(),
 474            focus: None,
 475            focus_enabled: true,
 476            pending_input: None,
 477            graphics_profiler_enabled: false,
 478        }
 479    }
 480    fn new_focus_listener(
 481        &mut self,
 482        value: AnyWindowFocusListener,
 483    ) -> (Subscription, impl FnOnce()) {
 484        self.focus_listeners.insert((), value)
 485    }
 486}
 487
 488/// Indicates which region of the window is visible. Content falling outside of this mask will not be
 489/// rendered. Currently, only rectangular content masks are supported, but we give the mask its own type
 490/// to leave room to support more complex shapes in the future.
 491#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
 492#[repr(C)]
 493pub struct ContentMask<P: Clone + Default + Debug> {
 494    /// The bounds
 495    pub bounds: Bounds<P>,
 496}
 497
 498impl ContentMask<Pixels> {
 499    /// Scale the content mask's pixel units by the given scaling factor.
 500    pub fn scale(&self, factor: f32) -> ContentMask<ScaledPixels> {
 501        ContentMask {
 502            bounds: self.bounds.scale(factor),
 503        }
 504    }
 505
 506    /// Intersect the content mask with the given content mask.
 507    pub fn intersect(&self, other: &Self) -> Self {
 508        let bounds = self.bounds.intersect(&other.bounds);
 509        ContentMask { bounds }
 510    }
 511}
 512
 513/// Provides access to application state in the context of a single window. Derefs
 514/// to an [`AppContext`], so you can also pass a [`WindowContext`] to any method that takes
 515/// an [`AppContext`] and call any [`AppContext`] methods.
 516pub struct WindowContext<'a> {
 517    pub(crate) app: &'a mut AppContext,
 518    pub(crate) window: &'a mut Window,
 519}
 520
 521impl<'a> WindowContext<'a> {
 522    pub(crate) fn new(app: &'a mut AppContext, window: &'a mut Window) -> Self {
 523        Self { app, window }
 524    }
 525
 526    /// Obtain a handle to the window that belongs to this context.
 527    pub fn window_handle(&self) -> AnyWindowHandle {
 528        self.window.handle
 529    }
 530
 531    /// Mark the window as dirty, scheduling it to be redrawn on the next frame.
 532    pub fn refresh(&mut self) {
 533        if !self.window.drawing {
 534            self.window.refreshing = true;
 535            self.window.dirty.set(true);
 536        }
 537    }
 538
 539    /// Close this window.
 540    pub fn remove_window(&mut self) {
 541        self.window.removed = true;
 542    }
 543
 544    /// Obtain a new [`FocusHandle`], which allows you to track and manipulate the keyboard focus
 545    /// for elements rendered within this window.
 546    pub fn focus_handle(&mut self) -> FocusHandle {
 547        FocusHandle::new(&self.window.focus_handles)
 548    }
 549
 550    /// Obtain the currently focused [`FocusHandle`]. If no elements are focused, returns `None`.
 551    pub fn focused(&self) -> Option<FocusHandle> {
 552        self.window
 553            .focus
 554            .and_then(|id| FocusHandle::for_id(id, &self.window.focus_handles))
 555    }
 556
 557    /// Move focus to the element associated with the given [`FocusHandle`].
 558    pub fn focus(&mut self, handle: &FocusHandle) {
 559        if !self.window.focus_enabled || self.window.focus == Some(handle.id) {
 560            return;
 561        }
 562
 563        self.window.focus = Some(handle.id);
 564        self.window
 565            .rendered_frame
 566            .dispatch_tree
 567            .clear_pending_keystrokes();
 568        self.refresh();
 569    }
 570
 571    /// Remove focus from all elements within this context's window.
 572    pub fn blur(&mut self) {
 573        if !self.window.focus_enabled {
 574            return;
 575        }
 576
 577        self.window.focus = None;
 578        self.refresh();
 579    }
 580
 581    /// Blur the window and don't allow anything in it to be focused again.
 582    pub fn disable_focus(&mut self) {
 583        self.blur();
 584        self.window.focus_enabled = false;
 585    }
 586
 587    /// Accessor for the text system.
 588    pub fn text_system(&self) -> &Arc<WindowTextSystem> {
 589        &self.window.text_system
 590    }
 591
 592    /// Dispatch the given action on the currently focused element.
 593    pub fn dispatch_action(&mut self, action: Box<dyn Action>) {
 594        let focus_handle = self.focused();
 595
 596        self.defer(move |cx| {
 597            let node_id = focus_handle
 598                .and_then(|handle| {
 599                    cx.window
 600                        .rendered_frame
 601                        .dispatch_tree
 602                        .focusable_node_id(handle.id)
 603                })
 604                .unwrap_or_else(|| cx.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.root_node_id());
 605
 606            cx.propagate_event = true;
 607            cx.dispatch_action_on_node(node_id, action);
 608        })
 609    }
 610
 611    pub(crate) fn dispatch_keystroke_observers(
 612        &mut self,
 613        event: &dyn Any,
 614        action: Option<Box<dyn Action>>,
 615    ) {
 616        let Some(key_down_event) = event.downcast_ref::<KeyDownEvent>() else {
 617            return;
 618        };
 619
 620        self.keystroke_observers
 621            .clone()
 622            .retain(&(), move |callback| {
 623                (callback)(
 624                    &KeystrokeEvent {
 625                        keystroke: key_down_event.keystroke.clone(),
 626                        action: action.as_ref().map(|action| action.boxed_clone()),
 627                    },
 628                    self,
 629                );
 630                true
 631            });
 632    }
 633
 634    pub(crate) fn clear_pending_keystrokes(&mut self) {
 635        self.window
 636            .rendered_frame
 637            .dispatch_tree
 638            .clear_pending_keystrokes();
 639        self.window
 640            .next_frame
 641            .dispatch_tree
 642            .clear_pending_keystrokes();
 643    }
 644
 645    /// Schedules the given function to be run at the end of the current effect cycle, allowing entities
 646    /// that are currently on the stack to be returned to the app.
 647    pub fn defer(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut WindowContext) + 'static) {
 648        let handle = self.window.handle;
 649        self.app.defer(move |cx| {
 650            handle.update(cx, |_, cx| f(cx)).ok();
 651        });
 652    }
 653
 654    /// Subscribe to events emitted by a model or view.
 655    /// The entity to which you're subscribing must implement the [`EventEmitter`] trait.
 656    /// The callback will be invoked a handle to the emitting entity (either a [`View`] or [`Model`]), the event, and a window context for the current window.
 657    pub fn subscribe<Emitter, E, Evt>(
 658        &mut self,
 659        entity: &E,
 660        mut on_event: impl FnMut(E, &Evt, &mut WindowContext<'_>) + 'static,
 661    ) -> Subscription
 662    where
 663        Emitter: EventEmitter<Evt>,
 664        E: Entity<Emitter>,
 665        Evt: 'static,
 666    {
 667        let entity_id = entity.entity_id();
 668        let entity = entity.downgrade();
 669        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
 670        self.app.new_subscription(
 671            entity_id,
 672            (
 673                TypeId::of::<Evt>(),
 674                Box::new(move |event, cx| {
 675                    window_handle
 676                        .update(cx, |_, cx| {
 677                            if let Some(handle) = E::upgrade_from(&entity) {
 678                                let event = event.downcast_ref().expect("invalid event type");
 679                                on_event(handle, event, cx);
 680                                true
 681                            } else {
 682                                false
 683                            }
 684                        })
 685                        .unwrap_or(false)
 686                }),
 687            ),
 688        )
 689    }
 690
 691    /// Creates an [`AsyncWindowContext`], which has a static lifetime and can be held across
 692    /// await points in async code.
 693    pub fn to_async(&self) -> AsyncWindowContext {
 694        AsyncWindowContext::new(self.app.to_async(), self.window.handle)
 695    }
 696
 697    /// Schedule the given closure to be run directly after the current frame is rendered.
 698    pub fn on_next_frame(&mut self, callback: impl FnOnce(&mut WindowContext) + 'static) {
 699        RefCell::borrow_mut(&self.window.next_frame_callbacks).push(Box::new(callback));
 700    }
 701
 702    /// Spawn the future returned by the given closure on the application thread pool.
 703    /// The closure is provided a handle to the current window and an `AsyncWindowContext` for
 704    /// use within your future.
 705    pub fn spawn<Fut, R>(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(AsyncWindowContext) -> Fut) -> Task<R>
 706    where
 707        R: 'static,
 708        Fut: Future<Output = R> + 'static,
 709    {
 710        self.app
 711            .spawn(|app| f(AsyncWindowContext::new(app, self.window.handle)))
 712    }
 713
 714    /// Updates the global of the given type. The given closure is given simultaneous mutable
 715    /// access both to the global and the context.
 716    pub fn update_global<G, R>(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut G, &mut Self) -> R) -> R
 717    where
 718        G: Global,
 719    {
 720        let mut global = self.app.lease_global::<G>();
 721        let result = f(&mut global, self);
 722        self.app.end_global_lease(global);
 723        result
 724    }
 725
 726    fn window_bounds_changed(&mut self) {
 727        self.window.scale_factor = self.window.platform_window.scale_factor();
 728        self.window.viewport_size = self.window.platform_window.content_size();
 729        self.window.bounds = self.window.platform_window.bounds();
 730        self.window.display_id = self.window.platform_window.display().id();
 731        self.refresh();
 732
 733        self.window
 734            .bounds_observers
 735            .clone()
 736            .retain(&(), |callback| callback(self));
 737    }
 738
 739    /// Returns the bounds of the current window in the global coordinate space, which could span across multiple displays.
 740    pub fn window_bounds(&self) -> WindowBounds {
 741        self.window.bounds
 742    }
 743
 744    fn appearance_changed(&mut self) {
 745        self.window.appearance = self.window.platform_window.appearance();
 746
 747        self.window
 748            .appearance_observers
 749            .clone()
 750            .retain(&(), |callback| callback(self));
 751    }
 752
 753    /// Returns the appearance of the current window.
 754    pub fn appearance(&self) -> WindowAppearance {
 755        self.window.appearance
 756    }
 757
 758    /// Returns the size of the drawable area within the window.
 759    pub fn viewport_size(&self) -> Size<Pixels> {
 760        self.window.viewport_size
 761    }
 762
 763    /// Returns whether this window is focused by the operating system (receiving key events).
 764    pub fn is_window_active(&self) -> bool {
 765        self.window.active.get()
 766    }
 767
 768    /// Toggle zoom on the window.
 769    pub fn zoom_window(&self) {
 770        self.window.platform_window.zoom();
 771    }
 772
 773    /// Updates the window's title at the platform level.
 774    pub fn set_window_title(&mut self, title: &str) {
 775        self.window.platform_window.set_title(title);
 776    }
 777
 778    /// Mark the window as dirty at the platform level.
 779    pub fn set_window_edited(&mut self, edited: bool) {
 780        self.window.platform_window.set_edited(edited);
 781    }
 782
 783    /// Determine the display on which the window is visible.
 784    pub fn display(&self) -> Option<Rc<dyn PlatformDisplay>> {
 785        self.platform
 786            .displays()
 787            .into_iter()
 788            .find(|display| display.id() == self.window.display_id)
 789    }
 790
 791    /// Show the platform character palette.
 792    pub fn show_character_palette(&self) {
 793        self.window.platform_window.show_character_palette();
 794    }
 795
 796    /// The scale factor of the display associated with the window. For example, it could
 797    /// return 2.0 for a "retina" display, indicating that each logical pixel should actually
 798    /// be rendered as two pixels on screen.
 799    pub fn scale_factor(&self) -> f32 {
 800        self.window.scale_factor
 801    }
 802
 803    /// The size of an em for the base font of the application. Adjusting this value allows the
 804    /// UI to scale, just like zooming a web page.
 805    pub fn rem_size(&self) -> Pixels {
 806        self.window.rem_size
 807    }
 808
 809    /// Sets the size of an em for the base font of the application. Adjusting this value allows the
 810    /// UI to scale, just like zooming a web page.
 811    pub fn set_rem_size(&mut self, rem_size: impl Into<Pixels>) {
 812        self.window.rem_size = rem_size.into();
 813    }
 814
 815    /// The line height associated with the current text style.
 816    pub fn line_height(&self) -> Pixels {
 817        let rem_size = self.rem_size();
 818        let text_style = self.text_style();
 819        text_style
 820            .line_height
 821            .to_pixels(text_style.font_size, rem_size)
 822    }
 823
 824    /// Call to prevent the default action of an event. Currently only used to prevent
 825    /// parent elements from becoming focused on mouse down.
 826    pub fn prevent_default(&mut self) {
 827        self.window.default_prevented = true;
 828    }
 829
 830    /// Obtain whether default has been prevented for the event currently being dispatched.
 831    pub fn default_prevented(&self) -> bool {
 832        self.window.default_prevented
 833    }
 834
 835    /// Determine whether the given action is available along the dispatch path to the currently focused element.
 836    pub fn is_action_available(&self, action: &dyn Action) -> bool {
 837        let target = self
 838            .focused()
 839            .and_then(|focused_handle| {
 840                self.window
 841                    .rendered_frame
 842                    .dispatch_tree
 843                    .focusable_node_id(focused_handle.id)
 844            })
 845            .unwrap_or_else(|| self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.root_node_id());
 846        self.window
 847            .rendered_frame
 848            .dispatch_tree
 849            .is_action_available(action, target)
 850    }
 851
 852    /// The position of the mouse relative to the window.
 853    pub fn mouse_position(&self) -> Point<Pixels> {
 854        self.window.mouse_position
 855    }
 856
 857    /// The current state of the keyboard's modifiers
 858    pub fn modifiers(&self) -> Modifiers {
 859        self.window.modifiers
 860    }
 861
 862    /// Returns true if there is no opaque layer containing the given point
 863    /// on top of the given level. Layers who are extensions of the queried layer
 864    /// are not considered to be on top of queried layer.
 865    pub fn was_top_layer(&self, point: &Point<Pixels>, layer: &StackingOrder) -> bool {
 866        // Precondition: the depth map is ordered from topmost to bottomost.
 867
 868        for (opaque_layer, _, bounds) in self.window.rendered_frame.depth_map.iter() {
 869            if layer >= opaque_layer {
 870                // The queried layer is either above or is the same as the this opaque layer.
 871                // Anything after this point is guaranteed to be below the queried layer.
 872                return true;
 873            }
 874
 875            if !bounds.contains(point) {
 876                // This opaque layer is above the queried layer but it doesn't contain
 877                // the given position, so we can ignore it even if it's above.
 878                continue;
 879            }
 880
 881            // At this point, we've established that this opaque layer is on top of the queried layer
 882            // and contains the position:
 883            // If neither the opaque layer or the queried layer is an extension of the other then
 884            // we know they are on different stacking orders, and return false.
 885            let is_on_same_layer = opaque_layer
 886                .iter()
 887                .zip(layer.iter())
 888                .all(|(a, b)| a.z_index == b.z_index);
 889
 890            if !is_on_same_layer {
 891                return false;
 892            }
 893        }
 894
 895        true
 896    }
 897
 898    pub(crate) fn was_top_layer_under_active_drag(
 899        &self,
 900        point: &Point<Pixels>,
 901        layer: &StackingOrder,
 902    ) -> bool {
 903        // Precondition: the depth map is ordered from topmost to bottomost.
 904
 905        for (opaque_layer, _, bounds) in self.window.rendered_frame.depth_map.iter() {
 906            if layer >= opaque_layer {
 907                // The queried layer is either above or is the same as the this opaque layer.
 908                // Anything after this point is guaranteed to be below the queried layer.
 909                return true;
 910            }
 911
 912            if !bounds.contains(point) {
 913                // This opaque layer is above the queried layer but it doesn't contain
 914                // the given position, so we can ignore it even if it's above.
 915                continue;
 916            }
 917
 918            // All normal content is rendered with a base z-index of 0, we know that if the root of this opaque layer
 919            // equals `ACTIVE_DRAG_Z_INDEX` then it must be the drag layer and we can ignore it as we are
 920            // looking to see if the queried layer was the topmost underneath the drag layer.
 921            if opaque_layer
 922                .first()
 923                .map(|c| c.z_index == ACTIVE_DRAG_Z_INDEX)
 924                .unwrap_or(false)
 925            {
 926                continue;
 927            }
 928
 929            // At this point, we've established that this opaque layer is on top of the queried layer
 930            // and contains the position:
 931            // If neither the opaque layer or the queried layer is an extension of the other then
 932            // we know they are on different stacking orders, and return false.
 933            let is_on_same_layer = opaque_layer
 934                .iter()
 935                .zip(layer.iter())
 936                .all(|(a, b)| a.z_index == b.z_index);
 937
 938            if !is_on_same_layer {
 939                return false;
 940            }
 941        }
 942
 943        true
 944    }
 945
 946    /// Called during painting to get the current stacking order.
 947    pub fn stacking_order(&self) -> &StackingOrder {
 948        &self.window.next_frame.z_index_stack
 949    }
 950
 951    /// Produces a new frame and assigns it to `rendered_frame`. To actually show
 952    /// the contents of the new [Scene], use [present].
 953    pub(crate) fn draw(&mut self) {
 954        self.window.dirty.set(false);
 955        self.window.drawing = true;
 956
 957        if let Some(requested_handler) = self.window.rendered_frame.requested_input_handler.as_mut()
 958        {
 959            let input_handler = self.window.platform_window.take_input_handler();
 960            requested_handler.handler = input_handler;
 961        }
 962
 963        let root_view = self.window.root_view.take().unwrap();
 964        self.with_element_context(|cx| {
 965            cx.with_z_index(0, |cx| {
 966                cx.with_key_dispatch(Some(KeyContext::default()), None, |_, cx| {
 967                    // We need to use cx.cx here so we can utilize borrow splitting
 968                    for (action_type, action_listeners) in &cx.cx.app.global_action_listeners {
 969                        for action_listener in action_listeners.iter().cloned() {
 970                            cx.cx.window.next_frame.dispatch_tree.on_action(
 971                                *action_type,
 972                                Rc::new(
 973                                    move |action: &dyn Any, phase, cx: &mut WindowContext<'_>| {
 974                                        action_listener(action, phase, cx)
 975                                    },
 976                                ),
 977                            )
 978                        }
 979                    }
 980
 981                    let available_space = cx.window.viewport_size.map(Into::into);
 982                    root_view.draw(Point::default(), available_space, cx);
 983                })
 984            })
 985        });
 986
 987        if let Some(active_drag) = self.app.active_drag.take() {
 988            self.with_element_context(|cx| {
 989                cx.with_z_index(ACTIVE_DRAG_Z_INDEX, |cx| {
 990                    let offset = cx.mouse_position() - active_drag.cursor_offset;
 991                    let available_space =
 992                        size(AvailableSpace::MinContent, AvailableSpace::MinContent);
 993                    active_drag.view.draw(offset, available_space, cx);
 994                })
 995            });
 996            self.active_drag = Some(active_drag);
 997        } else if let Some(tooltip_request) = self.window.next_frame.tooltip_request.take() {
 998            self.with_element_context(|cx| {
 999                cx.with_z_index(1, |cx| {
1000                    let available_space =
1001                        size(AvailableSpace::MinContent, AvailableSpace::MinContent);
1002                    tooltip_request.tooltip.view.draw(
1003                        tooltip_request.tooltip.cursor_offset,
1004                        available_space,
1005                        cx,
1006                    );
1007                })
1008            });
1009            self.window.next_frame.tooltip_request = Some(tooltip_request);
1010        }
1011        self.window.dirty_views.clear();
1012
1013        self.window
1014            .next_frame
1015            .dispatch_tree
1016            .preserve_pending_keystrokes(
1017                &mut self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree,
1018                self.window.focus,
1019            );
1020        self.window.next_frame.focus = self.window.focus;
1021        self.window.next_frame.window_active = self.window.active.get();
1022        self.window.root_view = Some(root_view);
1023
1024        // Set the cursor only if we're the active window.
1025        let cursor_style = self
1026            .window
1027            .next_frame
1028            .requested_cursor_style
1029            .take()
1030            .unwrap_or(CursorStyle::Arrow);
1031        if self.is_window_active() {
1032            self.platform.set_cursor_style(cursor_style);
1033        }
1034
1035        // Register requested input handler with the platform window.
1036        if let Some(requested_input) = self.window.next_frame.requested_input_handler.as_mut() {
1037            if let Some(handler) = requested_input.handler.take() {
1038                self.window.platform_window.set_input_handler(handler);
1039            }
1040        }
1041
1042        self.window.layout_engine.as_mut().unwrap().clear();
1043        self.text_system()
1044            .finish_frame(&self.window.next_frame.reused_views);
1045        self.window
1046            .next_frame
1047            .finish(&mut self.window.rendered_frame);
1048        ELEMENT_ARENA.with_borrow_mut(|element_arena| {
1049            let percentage = (element_arena.len() as f32 / element_arena.capacity() as f32) * 100.;
1050            if percentage >= 80. {
1051                log::warn!("elevated element arena occupation: {}.", percentage);
1052            }
1053            element_arena.clear();
1054        });
1055
1056        let previous_focus_path = self.window.rendered_frame.focus_path();
1057        let previous_window_active = self.window.rendered_frame.window_active;
1058        mem::swap(&mut self.window.rendered_frame, &mut self.window.next_frame);
1059        self.window.next_frame.clear();
1060        let current_focus_path = self.window.rendered_frame.focus_path();
1061        let current_window_active = self.window.rendered_frame.window_active;
1062
1063        if previous_focus_path != current_focus_path
1064            || previous_window_active != current_window_active
1065        {
1066            if !previous_focus_path.is_empty() && current_focus_path.is_empty() {
1067                self.window
1068                    .focus_lost_listeners
1069                    .clone()
1070                    .retain(&(), |listener| listener(self));
1071            }
1072
1073            let event = FocusEvent {
1074                previous_focus_path: if previous_window_active {
1075                    previous_focus_path
1076                } else {
1077                    Default::default()
1078                },
1079                current_focus_path: if current_window_active {
1080                    current_focus_path
1081                } else {
1082                    Default::default()
1083                },
1084            };
1085            self.window
1086                .focus_listeners
1087                .clone()
1088                .retain(&(), |listener| listener(&event, self));
1089        }
1090        self.window.refreshing = false;
1091        self.window.drawing = false;
1092        self.window.needs_present.set(true);
1093    }
1094
1095    fn present(&self) {
1096        self.window
1097            .platform_window
1098            .draw(&self.window.rendered_frame.scene);
1099        self.window.needs_present.set(false);
1100    }
1101
1102    /// Dispatch a mouse or keyboard event on the window.
1103    pub fn dispatch_event(&mut self, event: PlatformInput) -> bool {
1104        self.window.last_input_timestamp.set(Instant::now());
1105        // Handlers may set this to false by calling `stop_propagation`.
1106        self.app.propagate_event = true;
1107        // Handlers may set this to true by calling `prevent_default`.
1108        self.window.default_prevented = false;
1109
1110        let event = match event {
1111            // Track the mouse position with our own state, since accessing the platform
1112            // API for the mouse position can only occur on the main thread.
1113            PlatformInput::MouseMove(mouse_move) => {
1114                self.window.mouse_position = mouse_move.position;
1115                self.window.modifiers = mouse_move.modifiers;
1116                PlatformInput::MouseMove(mouse_move)
1117            }
1118            PlatformInput::MouseDown(mouse_down) => {
1119                self.window.mouse_position = mouse_down.position;
1120                self.window.modifiers = mouse_down.modifiers;
1121                PlatformInput::MouseDown(mouse_down)
1122            }
1123            PlatformInput::MouseUp(mouse_up) => {
1124                self.window.mouse_position = mouse_up.position;
1125                self.window.modifiers = mouse_up.modifiers;
1126                PlatformInput::MouseUp(mouse_up)
1127            }
1128            PlatformInput::MouseExited(mouse_exited) => {
1129                self.window.modifiers = mouse_exited.modifiers;
1130                PlatformInput::MouseExited(mouse_exited)
1131            }
1132            PlatformInput::ModifiersChanged(modifiers_changed) => {
1133                self.window.modifiers = modifiers_changed.modifiers;
1134                PlatformInput::ModifiersChanged(modifiers_changed)
1135            }
1136            PlatformInput::ScrollWheel(scroll_wheel) => {
1137                self.window.mouse_position = scroll_wheel.position;
1138                self.window.modifiers = scroll_wheel.modifiers;
1139                PlatformInput::ScrollWheel(scroll_wheel)
1140            }
1141            // Translate dragging and dropping of external files from the operating system
1142            // to internal drag and drop events.
1143            PlatformInput::FileDrop(file_drop) => match file_drop {
1144                FileDropEvent::Entered { position, paths } => {
1145                    self.window.mouse_position = position;
1146                    if self.active_drag.is_none() {
1147                        self.active_drag = Some(AnyDrag {
1148                            value: Box::new(paths.clone()),
1149                            view: self.new_view(|_| paths).into(),
1150                            cursor_offset: position,
1151                        });
1152                    }
1153                    PlatformInput::MouseMove(MouseMoveEvent {
1154                        position,
1155                        pressed_button: Some(MouseButton::Left),
1156                        modifiers: Modifiers::default(),
1157                    })
1158                }
1159                FileDropEvent::Pending { position } => {
1160                    self.window.mouse_position = position;
1161                    PlatformInput::MouseMove(MouseMoveEvent {
1162                        position,
1163                        pressed_button: Some(MouseButton::Left),
1164                        modifiers: Modifiers::default(),
1165                    })
1166                }
1167                FileDropEvent::Submit { position } => {
1168                    self.activate(true);
1169                    self.window.mouse_position = position;
1170                    PlatformInput::MouseUp(MouseUpEvent {
1171                        button: MouseButton::Left,
1172                        position,
1173                        modifiers: Modifiers::default(),
1174                        click_count: 1,
1175                    })
1176                }
1177                FileDropEvent::Exited => PlatformInput::MouseUp(MouseUpEvent {
1178                    button: MouseButton::Left,
1179                    position: Point::default(),
1180                    modifiers: Modifiers::default(),
1181                    click_count: 1,
1182                }),
1183            },
1184            PlatformInput::KeyDown(_) | PlatformInput::KeyUp(_) => event,
1185        };
1186
1187        if let Some(any_mouse_event) = event.mouse_event() {
1188            self.dispatch_mouse_event(any_mouse_event);
1189        } else if let Some(any_key_event) = event.keyboard_event() {
1190            self.dispatch_key_event(any_key_event);
1191        }
1192
1193        !self.app.propagate_event
1194    }
1195
1196    fn dispatch_mouse_event(&mut self, event: &dyn Any) {
1197        if let Some(mut handlers) = self
1198            .window
1199            .rendered_frame
1200            .mouse_listeners
1201            .remove(&event.type_id())
1202        {
1203            // Because handlers may add other handlers, we sort every time.
1204            handlers.sort_by(|(a, _, _), (b, _, _)| a.cmp(b));
1205
1206            // Capture phase, events bubble from back to front. Handlers for this phase are used for
1207            // special purposes, such as detecting events outside of a given Bounds.
1208            for (_, _, handler) in &mut handlers {
1209                self.with_element_context(|cx| {
1210                    handler(event, DispatchPhase::Capture, cx);
1211                });
1212                if !self.app.propagate_event {
1213                    break;
1214                }
1215            }
1216
1217            // Bubble phase, where most normal handlers do their work.
1218            if self.app.propagate_event {
1219                for (_, _, handler) in handlers.iter_mut().rev() {
1220                    self.with_element_context(|cx| {
1221                        handler(event, DispatchPhase::Bubble, cx);
1222                    });
1223                    if !self.app.propagate_event {
1224                        break;
1225                    }
1226                }
1227            }
1228
1229            self.window
1230                .rendered_frame
1231                .mouse_listeners
1232                .insert(event.type_id(), handlers);
1233        }
1234
1235        if self.app.propagate_event && self.has_active_drag() {
1236            if event.is::<MouseMoveEvent>() {
1237                // If this was a mouse move event, redraw the window so that the
1238                // active drag can follow the mouse cursor.
1239                self.refresh();
1240            } else if event.is::<MouseUpEvent>() {
1241                // If this was a mouse up event, cancel the active drag and redraw
1242                // the window.
1243                self.active_drag = None;
1244                self.refresh();
1245            }
1246        }
1247    }
1248
1249    fn dispatch_key_event(&mut self, event: &dyn Any) {
1250        if self.window.dirty.get() {
1251            self.draw();
1252        }
1253
1254        let node_id = self
1255            .window
1256            .focus
1257            .and_then(|focus_id| {
1258                self.window
1259                    .rendered_frame
1260                    .dispatch_tree
1261                    .focusable_node_id(focus_id)
1262            })
1263            .unwrap_or_else(|| self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.root_node_id());
1264
1265        let dispatch_path = self
1266            .window
1267            .rendered_frame
1268            .dispatch_tree
1269            .dispatch_path(node_id);
1270
1271        if let Some(key_down_event) = event.downcast_ref::<KeyDownEvent>() {
1272            let KeymatchResult { bindings, pending } = self
1273                .window
1274                .rendered_frame
1275                .dispatch_tree
1276                .dispatch_key(&key_down_event.keystroke, &dispatch_path);
1277
1278            if pending {
1279                let mut currently_pending = self.window.pending_input.take().unwrap_or_default();
1280                if currently_pending.focus.is_some() && currently_pending.focus != self.window.focus
1281                {
1282                    currently_pending = PendingInput::default();
1283                }
1284                currently_pending.focus = self.window.focus;
1285                currently_pending
1286                    .keystrokes
1287                    .push(key_down_event.keystroke.clone());
1288                for binding in bindings {
1289                    currently_pending.bindings.push(binding);
1290                }
1291
1292                currently_pending.timer = Some(self.spawn(|mut cx| async move {
1293                    cx.background_executor.timer(Duration::from_secs(1)).await;
1294                    cx.update(move |cx| {
1295                        cx.clear_pending_keystrokes();
1296                        let Some(currently_pending) = cx.window.pending_input.take() else {
1297                            return;
1298                        };
1299                        cx.replay_pending_input(currently_pending)
1300                    })
1301                    .log_err();
1302                }));
1303                self.window.pending_input = Some(currently_pending);
1304
1305                self.propagate_event = false;
1306                return;
1307            } else if let Some(currently_pending) = self.window.pending_input.take() {
1308                if bindings
1309                    .iter()
1310                    .all(|binding| !currently_pending.used_by_binding(binding))
1311                {
1312                    self.replay_pending_input(currently_pending)
1313                }
1314            }
1315
1316            if !bindings.is_empty() {
1317                self.clear_pending_keystrokes();
1318            }
1319
1320            self.propagate_event = true;
1321            for binding in bindings {
1322                self.dispatch_action_on_node(node_id, binding.action.boxed_clone());
1323                if !self.propagate_event {
1324                    self.dispatch_keystroke_observers(event, Some(binding.action));
1325                    return;
1326                }
1327            }
1328        }
1329
1330        self.dispatch_key_down_up_event(event, &dispatch_path);
1331        if !self.propagate_event {
1332            return;
1333        }
1334
1335        self.dispatch_keystroke_observers(event, None);
1336    }
1337
1338    fn dispatch_key_down_up_event(
1339        &mut self,
1340        event: &dyn Any,
1341        dispatch_path: &SmallVec<[DispatchNodeId; 32]>,
1342    ) {
1343        // Capture phase
1344        for node_id in dispatch_path {
1345            let node = self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.node(*node_id);
1346
1347            for key_listener in node.key_listeners.clone() {
1348                self.with_element_context(|cx| {
1349                    key_listener(event, DispatchPhase::Capture, cx);
1350                });
1351                if !self.propagate_event {
1352                    return;
1353                }
1354            }
1355        }
1356
1357        // Bubble phase
1358        for node_id in dispatch_path.iter().rev() {
1359            // Handle low level key events
1360            let node = self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.node(*node_id);
1361            for key_listener in node.key_listeners.clone() {
1362                self.with_element_context(|cx| {
1363                    key_listener(event, DispatchPhase::Bubble, cx);
1364                });
1365                if !self.propagate_event {
1366                    return;
1367                }
1368            }
1369        }
1370    }
1371
1372    /// Determine whether a potential multi-stroke key binding is in progress on this window.
1373    pub fn has_pending_keystrokes(&self) -> bool {
1374        self.window
1375            .rendered_frame
1376            .dispatch_tree
1377            .has_pending_keystrokes()
1378    }
1379
1380    fn replay_pending_input(&mut self, currently_pending: PendingInput) {
1381        let node_id = self
1382            .window
1383            .focus
1384            .and_then(|focus_id| {
1385                self.window
1386                    .rendered_frame
1387                    .dispatch_tree
1388                    .focusable_node_id(focus_id)
1389            })
1390            .unwrap_or_else(|| self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.root_node_id());
1391
1392        if self.window.focus != currently_pending.focus {
1393            return;
1394        }
1395
1396        let input = currently_pending.input();
1397
1398        self.propagate_event = true;
1399        for binding in currently_pending.bindings {
1400            self.dispatch_action_on_node(node_id, binding.action.boxed_clone());
1401            if !self.propagate_event {
1402                return;
1403            }
1404        }
1405
1406        let dispatch_path = self
1407            .window
1408            .rendered_frame
1409            .dispatch_tree
1410            .dispatch_path(node_id);
1411
1412        for keystroke in currently_pending.keystrokes {
1413            let event = KeyDownEvent {
1414                keystroke,
1415                is_held: false,
1416            };
1417
1418            self.dispatch_key_down_up_event(&event, &dispatch_path);
1419            if !self.propagate_event {
1420                return;
1421            }
1422        }
1423
1424        if !input.is_empty() {
1425            if let Some(mut input_handler) = self.window.platform_window.take_input_handler() {
1426                input_handler.flush_pending_input(&input, self);
1427                self.window.platform_window.set_input_handler(input_handler)
1428            }
1429        }
1430    }
1431
1432    fn dispatch_action_on_node(&mut self, node_id: DispatchNodeId, action: Box<dyn Action>) {
1433        let dispatch_path = self
1434            .window
1435            .rendered_frame
1436            .dispatch_tree
1437            .dispatch_path(node_id);
1438
1439        // Capture phase
1440        for node_id in &dispatch_path {
1441            let node = self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.node(*node_id);
1442            for DispatchActionListener {
1443                action_type,
1444                listener,
1445            } in node.action_listeners.clone()
1446            {
1447                let any_action = action.as_any();
1448                if action_type == any_action.type_id() {
1449                    self.with_element_context(|cx| {
1450                        listener(any_action, DispatchPhase::Capture, cx);
1451                    });
1452
1453                    if !self.propagate_event {
1454                        return;
1455                    }
1456                }
1457            }
1458        }
1459        // Bubble phase
1460        for node_id in dispatch_path.iter().rev() {
1461            let node = self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.node(*node_id);
1462            for DispatchActionListener {
1463                action_type,
1464                listener,
1465            } in node.action_listeners.clone()
1466            {
1467                let any_action = action.as_any();
1468                if action_type == any_action.type_id() {
1469                    self.propagate_event = false; // Actions stop propagation by default during the bubble phase
1470
1471                    self.with_element_context(|cx| {
1472                        listener(any_action, DispatchPhase::Bubble, cx);
1473                    });
1474
1475                    if !self.propagate_event {
1476                        return;
1477                    }
1478                }
1479            }
1480        }
1481    }
1482
1483    /// Toggle the graphics profiler to debug your application's rendering performance.
1484    pub fn toggle_graphics_profiler(&mut self) {
1485        self.window.graphics_profiler_enabled = !self.window.graphics_profiler_enabled;
1486        self.window
1487            .platform_window
1488            .set_graphics_profiler_enabled(self.window.graphics_profiler_enabled);
1489    }
1490
1491    /// Register the given handler to be invoked whenever the global of the given type
1492    /// is updated.
1493    pub fn observe_global<G: Global>(
1494        &mut self,
1495        f: impl Fn(&mut WindowContext<'_>) + 'static,
1496    ) -> Subscription {
1497        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
1498        let (subscription, activate) = self.global_observers.insert(
1499            TypeId::of::<G>(),
1500            Box::new(move |cx| window_handle.update(cx, |_, cx| f(cx)).is_ok()),
1501        );
1502        self.app.defer(move |_| activate());
1503        subscription
1504    }
1505
1506    /// Focus the current window and bring it to the foreground at the platform level.
1507    pub fn activate_window(&self) {
1508        self.window.platform_window.activate();
1509    }
1510
1511    /// Minimize the current window at the platform level.
1512    pub fn minimize_window(&self) {
1513        self.window.platform_window.minimize();
1514    }
1515
1516    /// Toggle full screen status on the current window at the platform level.
1517    pub fn toggle_full_screen(&self) {
1518        self.window.platform_window.toggle_full_screen();
1519    }
1520
1521    /// Present a platform dialog.
1522    /// The provided message will be presented, along with buttons for each answer.
1523    /// When a button is clicked, the returned Receiver will receive the index of the clicked button.
1524    pub fn prompt(
1525        &self,
1526        level: PromptLevel,
1527        message: &str,
1528        detail: Option<&str>,
1529        answers: &[&str],
1530    ) -> oneshot::Receiver<usize> {
1531        self.window
1532            .platform_window
1533            .prompt(level, message, detail, answers)
1534    }
1535
1536    /// Returns all available actions for the focused element.
1537    pub fn available_actions(&self) -> Vec<Box<dyn Action>> {
1538        let node_id = self
1539            .window
1540            .focus
1541            .and_then(|focus_id| {
1542                self.window
1543                    .rendered_frame
1544                    .dispatch_tree
1545                    .focusable_node_id(focus_id)
1546            })
1547            .unwrap_or_else(|| self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.root_node_id());
1548
1549        self.window
1550            .rendered_frame
1551            .dispatch_tree
1552            .available_actions(node_id)
1553    }
1554
1555    /// Returns key bindings that invoke the given action on the currently focused element.
1556    pub fn bindings_for_action(&self, action: &dyn Action) -> Vec<KeyBinding> {
1557        self.window
1558            .rendered_frame
1559            .dispatch_tree
1560            .bindings_for_action(
1561                action,
1562                &self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.context_stack,
1563            )
1564    }
1565
1566    /// Returns any bindings that would invoke the given action on the given focus handle if it were focused.
1567    pub fn bindings_for_action_in(
1568        &self,
1569        action: &dyn Action,
1570        focus_handle: &FocusHandle,
1571    ) -> Vec<KeyBinding> {
1572        let dispatch_tree = &self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree;
1573
1574        let Some(node_id) = dispatch_tree.focusable_node_id(focus_handle.id) else {
1575            return vec![];
1576        };
1577        let context_stack: Vec<_> = dispatch_tree
1578            .dispatch_path(node_id)
1579            .into_iter()
1580            .filter_map(|node_id| dispatch_tree.node(node_id).context.clone())
1581            .collect();
1582        dispatch_tree.bindings_for_action(action, &context_stack)
1583    }
1584
1585    /// Returns a generic event listener that invokes the given listener with the view and context associated with the given view handle.
1586    pub fn listener_for<V: Render, E>(
1587        &self,
1588        view: &View<V>,
1589        f: impl Fn(&mut V, &E, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
1590    ) -> impl Fn(&E, &mut WindowContext) + 'static {
1591        let view = view.downgrade();
1592        move |e: &E, cx: &mut WindowContext| {
1593            view.update(cx, |view, cx| f(view, e, cx)).ok();
1594        }
1595    }
1596
1597    /// Returns a generic handler that invokes the given handler with the view and context associated with the given view handle.
1598    pub fn handler_for<V: Render>(
1599        &self,
1600        view: &View<V>,
1601        f: impl Fn(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
1602    ) -> impl Fn(&mut WindowContext) {
1603        let view = view.downgrade();
1604        move |cx: &mut WindowContext| {
1605            view.update(cx, |view, cx| f(view, cx)).ok();
1606        }
1607    }
1608
1609    /// Register a callback that can interrupt the closing of the current window based the returned boolean.
1610    /// If the callback returns false, the window won't be closed.
1611    pub fn on_window_should_close(&mut self, f: impl Fn(&mut WindowContext) -> bool + 'static) {
1612        let mut this = self.to_async();
1613        self.window
1614            .platform_window
1615            .on_should_close(Box::new(move || this.update(|cx| f(cx)).unwrap_or(true)))
1616    }
1617
1618    pub(crate) fn parent_view_id(&self) -> EntityId {
1619        *self
1620            .window
1621            .next_frame
1622            .view_stack
1623            .last()
1624            .expect("a view should always be on the stack while drawing")
1625    }
1626
1627    /// Register an action listener on the window for the next frame. The type of action
1628    /// is determined by the first parameter of the given listener. When the next frame is rendered
1629    /// the listener will be cleared.
1630    ///
1631    /// This is a fairly low-level method, so prefer using action handlers on elements unless you have
1632    /// a specific need to register a global listener.
1633    pub fn on_action(
1634        &mut self,
1635        action_type: TypeId,
1636        listener: impl Fn(&dyn Any, DispatchPhase, &mut WindowContext) + 'static,
1637    ) {
1638        self.window
1639            .next_frame
1640            .dispatch_tree
1641            .on_action(action_type, Rc::new(listener));
1642    }
1643}
1644
1645impl Context for WindowContext<'_> {
1646    type Result<T> = T;
1647
1648    fn new_model<T>(&mut self, build_model: impl FnOnce(&mut ModelContext<'_, T>) -> T) -> Model<T>
1649    where
1650        T: 'static,
1651    {
1652        let slot = self.app.entities.reserve();
1653        let model = build_model(&mut ModelContext::new(&mut *self.app, slot.downgrade()));
1654        self.entities.insert(slot, model)
1655    }
1656
1657    fn update_model<T: 'static, R>(
1658        &mut self,
1659        model: &Model<T>,
1660        update: impl FnOnce(&mut T, &mut ModelContext<'_, T>) -> R,
1661    ) -> R {
1662        let mut entity = self.entities.lease(model);
1663        let result = update(
1664            &mut *entity,
1665            &mut ModelContext::new(&mut *self.app, model.downgrade()),
1666        );
1667        self.entities.end_lease(entity);
1668        result
1669    }
1670
1671    fn update_window<T, F>(&mut self, window: AnyWindowHandle, update: F) -> Result<T>
1672    where
1673        F: FnOnce(AnyView, &mut WindowContext<'_>) -> T,
1674    {
1675        if window == self.window.handle {
1676            let root_view = self.window.root_view.clone().unwrap();
1677            Ok(update(root_view, self))
1678        } else {
1679            window.update(self.app, update)
1680        }
1681    }
1682
1683    fn read_model<T, R>(
1684        &self,
1685        handle: &Model<T>,
1686        read: impl FnOnce(&T, &AppContext) -> R,
1687    ) -> Self::Result<R>
1688    where
1689        T: 'static,
1690    {
1691        let entity = self.entities.read(handle);
1692        read(entity, &*self.app)
1693    }
1694
1695    fn read_window<T, R>(
1696        &self,
1697        window: &WindowHandle<T>,
1698        read: impl FnOnce(View<T>, &AppContext) -> R,
1699    ) -> Result<R>
1700    where
1701        T: 'static,
1702    {
1703        if window.any_handle == self.window.handle {
1704            let root_view = self
1705                .window
1706                .root_view
1707                .clone()
1708                .unwrap()
1709                .downcast::<T>()
1710                .map_err(|_| anyhow!("the type of the window's root view has changed"))?;
1711            Ok(read(root_view, self))
1712        } else {
1713            self.app.read_window(window, read)
1714        }
1715    }
1716}
1717
1718impl VisualContext for WindowContext<'_> {
1719    fn new_view<V>(
1720        &mut self,
1721        build_view_state: impl FnOnce(&mut ViewContext<'_, V>) -> V,
1722    ) -> Self::Result<View<V>>
1723    where
1724        V: 'static + Render,
1725    {
1726        let slot = self.app.entities.reserve();
1727        let view = View {
1728            model: slot.clone(),
1729        };
1730        let mut cx = ViewContext::new(&mut *self.app, &mut *self.window, &view);
1731        let entity = build_view_state(&mut cx);
1732        cx.entities.insert(slot, entity);
1733
1734        // Non-generic part to avoid leaking SubscriberSet to invokers of `new_view`.
1735        fn notify_observers(cx: &mut WindowContext, tid: TypeId, view: AnyView) {
1736            cx.new_view_observers.clone().retain(&tid, |observer| {
1737                let any_view = view.clone();
1738                (observer)(any_view, cx);
1739                true
1740            });
1741        }
1742        notify_observers(self, TypeId::of::<V>(), AnyView::from(view.clone()));
1743
1744        view
1745    }
1746
1747    /// Updates the given view. Prefer calling [`View::update`] instead, which calls this method.
1748    fn update_view<T: 'static, R>(
1749        &mut self,
1750        view: &View<T>,
1751        update: impl FnOnce(&mut T, &mut ViewContext<'_, T>) -> R,
1752    ) -> Self::Result<R> {
1753        let mut lease = self.app.entities.lease(&view.model);
1754        let mut cx = ViewContext::new(&mut *self.app, &mut *self.window, view);
1755        let result = update(&mut *lease, &mut cx);
1756        cx.app.entities.end_lease(lease);
1757        result
1758    }
1759
1760    fn replace_root_view<V>(
1761        &mut self,
1762        build_view: impl FnOnce(&mut ViewContext<'_, V>) -> V,
1763    ) -> Self::Result<View<V>>
1764    where
1765        V: 'static + Render,
1766    {
1767        let view = self.new_view(build_view);
1768        self.window.root_view = Some(view.clone().into());
1769        self.refresh();
1770        view
1771    }
1772
1773    fn focus_view<V: crate::FocusableView>(&mut self, view: &View<V>) -> Self::Result<()> {
1774        self.update_view(view, |view, cx| {
1775            view.focus_handle(cx).clone().focus(cx);
1776        })
1777    }
1778
1779    fn dismiss_view<V>(&mut self, view: &View<V>) -> Self::Result<()>
1780    where
1781        V: ManagedView,
1782    {
1783        self.update_view(view, |_, cx| cx.emit(DismissEvent))
1784    }
1785}
1786
1787impl<'a> std::ops::Deref for WindowContext<'a> {
1788    type Target = AppContext;
1789
1790    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
1791        self.app
1792    }
1793}
1794
1795impl<'a> std::ops::DerefMut for WindowContext<'a> {
1796    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
1797        self.app
1798    }
1799}
1800
1801impl<'a> Borrow<AppContext> for WindowContext<'a> {
1802    fn borrow(&self) -> &AppContext {
1803        self.app
1804    }
1805}
1806
1807impl<'a> BorrowMut<AppContext> for WindowContext<'a> {
1808    fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut AppContext {
1809        self.app
1810    }
1811}
1812
1813/// This trait contains functionality that is shared across [`ViewContext`] and [`WindowContext`]
1814pub trait BorrowWindow: BorrowMut<Window> + BorrowMut<AppContext> {
1815    #[doc(hidden)]
1816    fn app_mut(&mut self) -> &mut AppContext {
1817        self.borrow_mut()
1818    }
1819
1820    #[doc(hidden)]
1821    fn app(&self) -> &AppContext {
1822        self.borrow()
1823    }
1824
1825    #[doc(hidden)]
1826    fn window(&self) -> &Window {
1827        self.borrow()
1828    }
1829
1830    #[doc(hidden)]
1831    fn window_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Window {
1832        self.borrow_mut()
1833    }
1834}
1835
1836impl Borrow<Window> for WindowContext<'_> {
1837    fn borrow(&self) -> &Window {
1838        self.window
1839    }
1840}
1841
1842impl BorrowMut<Window> for WindowContext<'_> {
1843    fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Window {
1844        self.window
1845    }
1846}
1847
1848impl<T> BorrowWindow for T where T: BorrowMut<AppContext> + BorrowMut<Window> {}
1849
1850/// Provides access to application state that is specialized for a particular [`View`].
1851/// Allows you to interact with focus, emit events, etc.
1852/// ViewContext also derefs to [`WindowContext`], giving you access to all of its methods as well.
1853/// When you call [`View::update`], you're passed a `&mut V` and an `&mut ViewContext<V>`.
1854pub struct ViewContext<'a, V> {
1855    window_cx: WindowContext<'a>,
1856    view: &'a View<V>,
1857}
1858
1859impl<V> Borrow<AppContext> for ViewContext<'_, V> {
1860    fn borrow(&self) -> &AppContext {
1861        &*self.window_cx.app
1862    }
1863}
1864
1865impl<V> BorrowMut<AppContext> for ViewContext<'_, V> {
1866    fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut AppContext {
1867        &mut *self.window_cx.app
1868    }
1869}
1870
1871impl<V> Borrow<Window> for ViewContext<'_, V> {
1872    fn borrow(&self) -> &Window {
1873        &*self.window_cx.window
1874    }
1875}
1876
1877impl<V> BorrowMut<Window> for ViewContext<'_, V> {
1878    fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Window {
1879        &mut *self.window_cx.window
1880    }
1881}
1882
1883impl<'a, V: 'static> ViewContext<'a, V> {
1884    pub(crate) fn new(app: &'a mut AppContext, window: &'a mut Window, view: &'a View<V>) -> Self {
1885        Self {
1886            window_cx: WindowContext::new(app, window),
1887            view,
1888        }
1889    }
1890
1891    /// Get the entity_id of this view.
1892    pub fn entity_id(&self) -> EntityId {
1893        self.view.entity_id()
1894    }
1895
1896    /// Get the view pointer underlying this context.
1897    pub fn view(&self) -> &View<V> {
1898        self.view
1899    }
1900
1901    /// Get the model underlying this view.
1902    pub fn model(&self) -> &Model<V> {
1903        &self.view.model
1904    }
1905
1906    /// Access the underlying window context.
1907    pub fn window_context(&mut self) -> &mut WindowContext<'a> {
1908        &mut self.window_cx
1909    }
1910
1911    /// Sets a given callback to be run on the next frame.
1912    pub fn on_next_frame(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static)
1913    where
1914        V: 'static,
1915    {
1916        let view = self.view().clone();
1917        self.window_cx.on_next_frame(move |cx| view.update(cx, f));
1918    }
1919
1920    /// Schedules the given function to be run at the end of the current effect cycle, allowing entities
1921    /// that are currently on the stack to be returned to the app.
1922    pub fn defer(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static) {
1923        let view = self.view().downgrade();
1924        self.window_cx.defer(move |cx| {
1925            view.update(cx, f).ok();
1926        });
1927    }
1928
1929    /// Observe another model or view for changes to its state, as tracked by [`ModelContext::notify`].
1930    pub fn observe<V2, E>(
1931        &mut self,
1932        entity: &E,
1933        mut on_notify: impl FnMut(&mut V, E, &mut ViewContext<'_, V>) + 'static,
1934    ) -> Subscription
1935    where
1936        V2: 'static,
1937        V: 'static,
1938        E: Entity<V2>,
1939    {
1940        let view = self.view().downgrade();
1941        let entity_id = entity.entity_id();
1942        let entity = entity.downgrade();
1943        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
1944        self.app.new_observer(
1945            entity_id,
1946            Box::new(move |cx| {
1947                window_handle
1948                    .update(cx, |_, cx| {
1949                        if let Some(handle) = E::upgrade_from(&entity) {
1950                            view.update(cx, |this, cx| on_notify(this, handle, cx))
1951                                .is_ok()
1952                        } else {
1953                            false
1954                        }
1955                    })
1956                    .unwrap_or(false)
1957            }),
1958        )
1959    }
1960
1961    /// Subscribe to events emitted by another model or view.
1962    /// The entity to which you're subscribing must implement the [`EventEmitter`] trait.
1963    /// The callback will be invoked with a reference to the current view, a handle to the emitting entity (either a [`View`] or [`Model`]), the event, and a view context for the current view.
1964    pub fn subscribe<V2, E, Evt>(
1965        &mut self,
1966        entity: &E,
1967        mut on_event: impl FnMut(&mut V, E, &Evt, &mut ViewContext<'_, V>) + 'static,
1968    ) -> Subscription
1969    where
1970        V2: EventEmitter<Evt>,
1971        E: Entity<V2>,
1972        Evt: 'static,
1973    {
1974        let view = self.view().downgrade();
1975        let entity_id = entity.entity_id();
1976        let handle = entity.downgrade();
1977        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
1978        self.app.new_subscription(
1979            entity_id,
1980            (
1981                TypeId::of::<Evt>(),
1982                Box::new(move |event, cx| {
1983                    window_handle
1984                        .update(cx, |_, cx| {
1985                            if let Some(handle) = E::upgrade_from(&handle) {
1986                                let event = event.downcast_ref().expect("invalid event type");
1987                                view.update(cx, |this, cx| on_event(this, handle, event, cx))
1988                                    .is_ok()
1989                            } else {
1990                                false
1991                            }
1992                        })
1993                        .unwrap_or(false)
1994                }),
1995            ),
1996        )
1997    }
1998
1999    /// Register a callback to be invoked when the view is released.
2000    ///
2001    /// The callback receives a handle to the view's window. This handle may be
2002    /// invalid, if the window was closed before the view was released.
2003    pub fn on_release(
2004        &mut self,
2005        on_release: impl FnOnce(&mut V, AnyWindowHandle, &mut AppContext) + 'static,
2006    ) -> Subscription {
2007        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
2008        let (subscription, activate) = self.app.release_listeners.insert(
2009            self.view.model.entity_id,
2010            Box::new(move |this, cx| {
2011                let this = this.downcast_mut().expect("invalid entity type");
2012                on_release(this, window_handle, cx)
2013            }),
2014        );
2015        activate();
2016        subscription
2017    }
2018
2019    /// Register a callback to be invoked when the given Model or View is released.
2020    pub fn observe_release<V2, E>(
2021        &mut self,
2022        entity: &E,
2023        mut on_release: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut V2, &mut ViewContext<'_, V>) + 'static,
2024    ) -> Subscription
2025    where
2026        V: 'static,
2027        V2: 'static,
2028        E: Entity<V2>,
2029    {
2030        let view = self.view().downgrade();
2031        let entity_id = entity.entity_id();
2032        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
2033        let (subscription, activate) = self.app.release_listeners.insert(
2034            entity_id,
2035            Box::new(move |entity, cx| {
2036                let entity = entity.downcast_mut().expect("invalid entity type");
2037                let _ = window_handle.update(cx, |_, cx| {
2038                    view.update(cx, |this, cx| on_release(this, entity, cx))
2039                });
2040            }),
2041        );
2042        activate();
2043        subscription
2044    }
2045
2046    /// Indicate that this view has changed, which will invoke any observers and also mark the window as dirty.
2047    /// If this view or any of its ancestors are *cached*, notifying it will cause it or its ancestors to be redrawn.
2048    pub fn notify(&mut self) {
2049        for view_id in self
2050            .window
2051            .rendered_frame
2052            .dispatch_tree
2053            .view_path(self.view.entity_id())
2054            .into_iter()
2055            .rev()
2056        {
2057            if !self.window.dirty_views.insert(view_id) {
2058                break;
2059            }
2060        }
2061
2062        if !self.window.drawing {
2063            self.window_cx.window.dirty.set(true);
2064            self.window_cx.app.push_effect(Effect::Notify {
2065                emitter: self.view.model.entity_id,
2066            });
2067        }
2068    }
2069
2070    /// Register a callback to be invoked when the window is resized.
2071    pub fn observe_window_bounds(
2072        &mut self,
2073        mut callback: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2074    ) -> Subscription {
2075        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2076        let (subscription, activate) = self.window.bounds_observers.insert(
2077            (),
2078            Box::new(move |cx| view.update(cx, |view, cx| callback(view, cx)).is_ok()),
2079        );
2080        activate();
2081        subscription
2082    }
2083
2084    /// Register a callback to be invoked when the window is activated or deactivated.
2085    pub fn observe_window_activation(
2086        &mut self,
2087        mut callback: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2088    ) -> Subscription {
2089        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2090        let (subscription, activate) = self.window.activation_observers.insert(
2091            (),
2092            Box::new(move |cx| view.update(cx, |view, cx| callback(view, cx)).is_ok()),
2093        );
2094        activate();
2095        subscription
2096    }
2097
2098    /// Registers a callback to be invoked when the window appearance changes.
2099    pub fn observe_window_appearance(
2100        &mut self,
2101        mut callback: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2102    ) -> Subscription {
2103        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2104        let (subscription, activate) = self.window.appearance_observers.insert(
2105            (),
2106            Box::new(move |cx| view.update(cx, |view, cx| callback(view, cx)).is_ok()),
2107        );
2108        activate();
2109        subscription
2110    }
2111
2112    /// Register a listener to be called when the given focus handle receives focus.
2113    /// Returns a subscription and persists until the subscription is dropped.
2114    pub fn on_focus(
2115        &mut self,
2116        handle: &FocusHandle,
2117        mut listener: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2118    ) -> Subscription {
2119        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2120        let focus_id = handle.id;
2121        let (subscription, activate) =
2122            self.window.new_focus_listener(Box::new(move |event, cx| {
2123                view.update(cx, |view, cx| {
2124                    if event.previous_focus_path.last() != Some(&focus_id)
2125                        && event.current_focus_path.last() == Some(&focus_id)
2126                    {
2127                        listener(view, cx)
2128                    }
2129                })
2130                .is_ok()
2131            }));
2132        self.app.defer(|_| activate());
2133        subscription
2134    }
2135
2136    /// Register a listener to be called when the given focus handle or one of its descendants receives focus.
2137    /// Returns a subscription and persists until the subscription is dropped.
2138    pub fn on_focus_in(
2139        &mut self,
2140        handle: &FocusHandle,
2141        mut listener: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2142    ) -> Subscription {
2143        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2144        let focus_id = handle.id;
2145        let (subscription, activate) =
2146            self.window.new_focus_listener(Box::new(move |event, cx| {
2147                view.update(cx, |view, cx| {
2148                    if !event.previous_focus_path.contains(&focus_id)
2149                        && event.current_focus_path.contains(&focus_id)
2150                    {
2151                        listener(view, cx)
2152                    }
2153                })
2154                .is_ok()
2155            }));
2156        self.app.defer(move |_| activate());
2157        subscription
2158    }
2159
2160    /// Register a listener to be called when the given focus handle loses focus.
2161    /// Returns a subscription and persists until the subscription is dropped.
2162    pub fn on_blur(
2163        &mut self,
2164        handle: &FocusHandle,
2165        mut listener: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2166    ) -> Subscription {
2167        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2168        let focus_id = handle.id;
2169        let (subscription, activate) =
2170            self.window.new_focus_listener(Box::new(move |event, cx| {
2171                view.update(cx, |view, cx| {
2172                    if event.previous_focus_path.last() == Some(&focus_id)
2173                        && event.current_focus_path.last() != Some(&focus_id)
2174                    {
2175                        listener(view, cx)
2176                    }
2177                })
2178                .is_ok()
2179            }));
2180        self.app.defer(move |_| activate());
2181        subscription
2182    }
2183
2184    /// Register a listener to be called when nothing in the window has focus.
2185    /// This typically happens when the node that was focused is removed from the tree,
2186    /// and this callback lets you chose a default place to restore the users focus.
2187    /// Returns a subscription and persists until the subscription is dropped.
2188    pub fn on_focus_lost(
2189        &mut self,
2190        mut listener: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2191    ) -> Subscription {
2192        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2193        let (subscription, activate) = self.window.focus_lost_listeners.insert(
2194            (),
2195            Box::new(move |cx| view.update(cx, |view, cx| listener(view, cx)).is_ok()),
2196        );
2197        activate();
2198        subscription
2199    }
2200
2201    /// Register a listener to be called when the given focus handle or one of its descendants loses focus.
2202    /// Returns a subscription and persists until the subscription is dropped.
2203    pub fn on_focus_out(
2204        &mut self,
2205        handle: &FocusHandle,
2206        mut listener: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2207    ) -> Subscription {
2208        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2209        let focus_id = handle.id;
2210        let (subscription, activate) =
2211            self.window.new_focus_listener(Box::new(move |event, cx| {
2212                view.update(cx, |view, cx| {
2213                    if event.previous_focus_path.contains(&focus_id)
2214                        && !event.current_focus_path.contains(&focus_id)
2215                    {
2216                        listener(view, cx)
2217                    }
2218                })
2219                .is_ok()
2220            }));
2221        self.app.defer(move |_| activate());
2222        subscription
2223    }
2224
2225    /// Schedule a future to be run asynchronously.
2226    /// The given callback is invoked with a [`WeakView<V>`] to avoid leaking the view for a long-running process.
2227    /// It's also given an [`AsyncWindowContext`], which can be used to access the state of the view across await points.
2228    /// The returned future will be polled on the main thread.
2229    pub fn spawn<Fut, R>(
2230        &mut self,
2231        f: impl FnOnce(WeakView<V>, AsyncWindowContext) -> Fut,
2232    ) -> Task<R>
2233    where
2234        R: 'static,
2235        Fut: Future<Output = R> + 'static,
2236    {
2237        let view = self.view().downgrade();
2238        self.window_cx.spawn(|cx| f(view, cx))
2239    }
2240
2241    /// Updates the global state of the given type.
2242    pub fn update_global<G, R>(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut G, &mut Self) -> R) -> R
2243    where
2244        G: Global,
2245    {
2246        let mut global = self.app.lease_global::<G>();
2247        let result = f(&mut global, self);
2248        self.app.end_global_lease(global);
2249        result
2250    }
2251
2252    /// Register a callback to be invoked when the given global state changes.
2253    pub fn observe_global<G: Global>(
2254        &mut self,
2255        mut f: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<'_, V>) + 'static,
2256    ) -> Subscription {
2257        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
2258        let view = self.view().downgrade();
2259        let (subscription, activate) = self.global_observers.insert(
2260            TypeId::of::<G>(),
2261            Box::new(move |cx| {
2262                window_handle
2263                    .update(cx, |_, cx| view.update(cx, |view, cx| f(view, cx)).is_ok())
2264                    .unwrap_or(false)
2265            }),
2266        );
2267        self.app.defer(move |_| activate());
2268        subscription
2269    }
2270
2271    /// Register a callback to be invoked when the given Action type is dispatched to the window.
2272    pub fn on_action(
2273        &mut self,
2274        action_type: TypeId,
2275        listener: impl Fn(&mut V, &dyn Any, DispatchPhase, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2276    ) {
2277        let handle = self.view().clone();
2278        self.window_cx
2279            .on_action(action_type, move |action, phase, cx| {
2280                handle.update(cx, |view, cx| {
2281                    listener(view, action, phase, cx);
2282                })
2283            });
2284    }
2285
2286    /// Emit an event to be handled any other views that have subscribed via [ViewContext::subscribe].
2287    pub fn emit<Evt>(&mut self, event: Evt)
2288    where
2289        Evt: 'static,
2290        V: EventEmitter<Evt>,
2291    {
2292        let emitter = self.view.model.entity_id;
2293        self.app.push_effect(Effect::Emit {
2294            emitter,
2295            event_type: TypeId::of::<Evt>(),
2296            event: Box::new(event),
2297        });
2298    }
2299
2300    /// Move focus to the current view, assuming it implements [`FocusableView`].
2301    pub fn focus_self(&mut self)
2302    where
2303        V: FocusableView,
2304    {
2305        self.defer(|view, cx| view.focus_handle(cx).focus(cx))
2306    }
2307
2308    /// Convenience method for accessing view state in an event callback.
2309    ///
2310    /// Many GPUI callbacks take the form of `Fn(&E, &mut WindowContext)`,
2311    /// but it's often useful to be able to access view state in these
2312    /// callbacks. This method provides a convenient way to do so.
2313    pub fn listener<E>(
2314        &self,
2315        f: impl Fn(&mut V, &E, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2316    ) -> impl Fn(&E, &mut WindowContext) + 'static {
2317        let view = self.view().downgrade();
2318        move |e: &E, cx: &mut WindowContext| {
2319            view.update(cx, |view, cx| f(view, e, cx)).ok();
2320        }
2321    }
2322}
2323
2324impl<V> Context for ViewContext<'_, V> {
2325    type Result<U> = U;
2326
2327    fn new_model<T: 'static>(
2328        &mut self,
2329        build_model: impl FnOnce(&mut ModelContext<'_, T>) -> T,
2330    ) -> Model<T> {
2331        self.window_cx.new_model(build_model)
2332    }
2333
2334    fn update_model<T: 'static, R>(
2335        &mut self,
2336        model: &Model<T>,
2337        update: impl FnOnce(&mut T, &mut ModelContext<'_, T>) -> R,
2338    ) -> R {
2339        self.window_cx.update_model(model, update)
2340    }
2341
2342    fn update_window<T, F>(&mut self, window: AnyWindowHandle, update: F) -> Result<T>
2343    where
2344        F: FnOnce(AnyView, &mut WindowContext<'_>) -> T,
2345    {
2346        self.window_cx.update_window(window, update)
2347    }
2348
2349    fn read_model<T, R>(
2350        &self,
2351        handle: &Model<T>,
2352        read: impl FnOnce(&T, &AppContext) -> R,
2353    ) -> Self::Result<R>
2354    where
2355        T: 'static,
2356    {
2357        self.window_cx.read_model(handle, read)
2358    }
2359
2360    fn read_window<T, R>(
2361        &self,
2362        window: &WindowHandle<T>,
2363        read: impl FnOnce(View<T>, &AppContext) -> R,
2364    ) -> Result<R>
2365    where
2366        T: 'static,
2367    {
2368        self.window_cx.read_window(window, read)
2369    }
2370}
2371
2372impl<V: 'static> VisualContext for ViewContext<'_, V> {
2373    fn new_view<W: Render + 'static>(
2374        &mut self,
2375        build_view_state: impl FnOnce(&mut ViewContext<'_, W>) -> W,
2376    ) -> Self::Result<View<W>> {
2377        self.window_cx.new_view(build_view_state)
2378    }
2379
2380    fn update_view<V2: 'static, R>(
2381        &mut self,
2382        view: &View<V2>,
2383        update: impl FnOnce(&mut V2, &mut ViewContext<'_, V2>) -> R,
2384    ) -> Self::Result<R> {
2385        self.window_cx.update_view(view, update)
2386    }
2387
2388    fn replace_root_view<W>(
2389        &mut self,
2390        build_view: impl FnOnce(&mut ViewContext<'_, W>) -> W,
2391    ) -> Self::Result<View<W>>
2392    where
2393        W: 'static + Render,
2394    {
2395        self.window_cx.replace_root_view(build_view)
2396    }
2397
2398    fn focus_view<W: FocusableView>(&mut self, view: &View<W>) -> Self::Result<()> {
2399        self.window_cx.focus_view(view)
2400    }
2401
2402    fn dismiss_view<W: ManagedView>(&mut self, view: &View<W>) -> Self::Result<()> {
2403        self.window_cx.dismiss_view(view)
2404    }
2405}
2406
2407impl<'a, V> std::ops::Deref for ViewContext<'a, V> {
2408    type Target = WindowContext<'a>;
2409
2410    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
2411        &self.window_cx
2412    }
2413}
2414
2415impl<'a, V> std::ops::DerefMut for ViewContext<'a, V> {
2416    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
2417        &mut self.window_cx
2418    }
2419}
2420
2421// #[derive(Clone, Copy, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
2422slotmap::new_key_type! {
2423    /// A unique identifier for a window.
2424    pub struct WindowId;
2425}
2426
2427impl WindowId {
2428    /// Converts this window ID to a `u64`.
2429    pub fn as_u64(&self) -> u64 {
2430        self.0.as_ffi()
2431    }
2432}
2433
2434/// A handle to a window with a specific root view type.
2435/// Note that this does not keep the window alive on its own.
2436#[derive(Deref, DerefMut)]
2437pub struct WindowHandle<V> {
2438    #[deref]
2439    #[deref_mut]
2440    pub(crate) any_handle: AnyWindowHandle,
2441    state_type: PhantomData<V>,
2442}
2443
2444impl<V: 'static + Render> WindowHandle<V> {
2445    /// Creates a new handle from a window ID.
2446    /// This does not check if the root type of the window is `V`.
2447    pub fn new(id: WindowId) -> Self {
2448        WindowHandle {
2449            any_handle: AnyWindowHandle {
2450                id,
2451                state_type: TypeId::of::<V>(),
2452            },
2453            state_type: PhantomData,
2454        }
2455    }
2456
2457    /// Get the root view out of this window.
2458    ///
2459    /// This will fail if the window is closed or if the root view's type does not match `V`.
2460    pub fn root<C>(&self, cx: &mut C) -> Result<View<V>>
2461    where
2462        C: Context,
2463    {
2464        Flatten::flatten(cx.update_window(self.any_handle, |root_view, _| {
2465            root_view
2466                .downcast::<V>()
2467                .map_err(|_| anyhow!("the type of the window's root view has changed"))
2468        }))
2469    }
2470
2471    /// Updates the root view of this window.
2472    ///
2473    /// This will fail if the window has been closed or if the root view's type does not match
2474    pub fn update<C, R>(
2475        &self,
2476        cx: &mut C,
2477        update: impl FnOnce(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<'_, V>) -> R,
2478    ) -> Result<R>
2479    where
2480        C: Context,
2481    {
2482        cx.update_window(self.any_handle, |root_view, cx| {
2483            let view = root_view
2484                .downcast::<V>()
2485                .map_err(|_| anyhow!("the type of the window's root view has changed"))?;
2486            Ok(cx.update_view(&view, update))
2487        })?
2488    }
2489
2490    /// Read the root view out of this window.
2491    ///
2492    /// This will fail if the window is closed or if the root view's type does not match `V`.
2493    pub fn read<'a>(&self, cx: &'a AppContext) -> Result<&'a V> {
2494        let x = cx
2495            .windows
2496            .get(self.id)
2497            .and_then(|window| {
2498                window
2499                    .as_ref()
2500                    .and_then(|window| window.root_view.clone())
2501                    .map(|root_view| root_view.downcast::<V>())
2502            })
2503            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("window not found"))?
2504            .map_err(|_| anyhow!("the type of the window's root view has changed"))?;
2505
2506        Ok(x.read(cx))
2507    }
2508
2509    /// Read the root view out of this window, with a callback
2510    ///
2511    /// This will fail if the window is closed or if the root view's type does not match `V`.
2512    pub fn read_with<C, R>(&self, cx: &C, read_with: impl FnOnce(&V, &AppContext) -> R) -> Result<R>
2513    where
2514        C: Context,
2515    {
2516        cx.read_window(self, |root_view, cx| read_with(root_view.read(cx), cx))
2517    }
2518
2519    /// Read the root view pointer off of this window.
2520    ///
2521    /// This will fail if the window is closed or if the root view's type does not match `V`.
2522    pub fn root_view<C>(&self, cx: &C) -> Result<View<V>>
2523    where
2524        C: Context,
2525    {
2526        cx.read_window(self, |root_view, _cx| root_view.clone())
2527    }
2528
2529    /// Check if this window is 'active'.
2530    ///
2531    /// Will return `None` if the window is closed.
2532    pub fn is_active(&self, cx: &AppContext) -> Option<bool> {
2533        cx.windows
2534            .get(self.id)
2535            .and_then(|window| window.as_ref().map(|window| window.active.get()))
2536    }
2537}
2538
2539impl<V> Copy for WindowHandle<V> {}
2540
2541impl<V> Clone for WindowHandle<V> {
2542    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
2543        *self
2544    }
2545}
2546
2547impl<V> PartialEq for WindowHandle<V> {
2548    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
2549        self.any_handle == other.any_handle
2550    }
2551}
2552
2553impl<V> Eq for WindowHandle<V> {}
2554
2555impl<V> Hash for WindowHandle<V> {
2556    fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
2557        self.any_handle.hash(state);
2558    }
2559}
2560
2561impl<V: 'static> From<WindowHandle<V>> for AnyWindowHandle {
2562    fn from(val: WindowHandle<V>) -> Self {
2563        val.any_handle
2564    }
2565}
2566
2567/// A handle to a window with any root view type, which can be downcast to a window with a specific root view type.
2568#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
2569pub struct AnyWindowHandle {
2570    pub(crate) id: WindowId,
2571    state_type: TypeId,
2572}
2573
2574impl AnyWindowHandle {
2575    /// Get the ID of this window.
2576    pub fn window_id(&self) -> WindowId {
2577        self.id
2578    }
2579
2580    /// Attempt to convert this handle to a window handle with a specific root view type.
2581    /// If the types do not match, this will return `None`.
2582    pub fn downcast<T: 'static>(&self) -> Option<WindowHandle<T>> {
2583        if TypeId::of::<T>() == self.state_type {
2584            Some(WindowHandle {
2585                any_handle: *self,
2586                state_type: PhantomData,
2587            })
2588        } else {
2589            None
2590        }
2591    }
2592
2593    /// Updates the state of the root view of this window.
2594    ///
2595    /// This will fail if the window has been closed.
2596    pub fn update<C, R>(
2597        self,
2598        cx: &mut C,
2599        update: impl FnOnce(AnyView, &mut WindowContext<'_>) -> R,
2600    ) -> Result<R>
2601    where
2602        C: Context,
2603    {
2604        cx.update_window(self, update)
2605    }
2606
2607    /// Read the state of the root view of this window.
2608    ///
2609    /// This will fail if the window has been closed.
2610    pub fn read<T, C, R>(self, cx: &C, read: impl FnOnce(View<T>, &AppContext) -> R) -> Result<R>
2611    where
2612        C: Context,
2613        T: 'static,
2614    {
2615        let view = self
2616            .downcast::<T>()
2617            .context("the type of the window's root view has changed")?;
2618
2619        cx.read_window(&view, read)
2620    }
2621}
2622
2623/// An identifier for an [`Element`](crate::Element).
2624///
2625/// Can be constructed with a string, a number, or both, as well
2626/// as other internal representations.
2627#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
2628pub enum ElementId {
2629    /// The ID of a View element
2630    View(EntityId),
2631    /// An integer ID.
2632    Integer(usize),
2633    /// A string based ID.
2634    Name(SharedString),
2635    /// An ID that's equated with a focus handle.
2636    FocusHandle(FocusId),
2637    /// A combination of a name and an integer.
2638    NamedInteger(SharedString, usize),
2639}
2640
2641impl Display for ElementId {
2642    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
2643        match self {
2644            ElementId::View(entity_id) => write!(f, "view-{}", entity_id)?,
2645            ElementId::Integer(ix) => write!(f, "{}", ix)?,
2646            ElementId::Name(name) => write!(f, "{}", name)?,
2647            ElementId::FocusHandle(_) => write!(f, "FocusHandle")?,
2648            ElementId::NamedInteger(s, i) => write!(f, "{}-{}", s, i)?,
2649        }
2650
2651        Ok(())
2652    }
2653}
2654
2655impl ElementId {
2656    pub(crate) fn from_entity_id(entity_id: EntityId) -> Self {
2657        ElementId::View(entity_id)
2658    }
2659}
2660
2661impl TryInto<SharedString> for ElementId {
2662    type Error = anyhow::Error;
2663
2664    fn try_into(self) -> anyhow::Result<SharedString> {
2665        if let ElementId::Name(name) = self {
2666            Ok(name)
2667        } else {
2668            Err(anyhow!("element id is not string"))
2669        }
2670    }
2671}
2672
2673impl From<usize> for ElementId {
2674    fn from(id: usize) -> Self {
2675        ElementId::Integer(id)
2676    }
2677}
2678
2679impl From<i32> for ElementId {
2680    fn from(id: i32) -> Self {
2681        Self::Integer(id as usize)
2682    }
2683}
2684
2685impl From<SharedString> for ElementId {
2686    fn from(name: SharedString) -> Self {
2687        ElementId::Name(name)
2688    }
2689}
2690
2691impl From<&'static str> for ElementId {
2692    fn from(name: &'static str) -> Self {
2693        ElementId::Name(name.into())
2694    }
2695}
2696
2697impl<'a> From<&'a FocusHandle> for ElementId {
2698    fn from(handle: &'a FocusHandle) -> Self {
2699        ElementId::FocusHandle(handle.id)
2700    }
2701}
2702
2703impl From<(&'static str, EntityId)> for ElementId {
2704    fn from((name, id): (&'static str, EntityId)) -> Self {
2705        ElementId::NamedInteger(name.into(), id.as_u64() as usize)
2706    }
2707}
2708
2709impl From<(&'static str, usize)> for ElementId {
2710    fn from((name, id): (&'static str, usize)) -> Self {
2711        ElementId::NamedInteger(name.into(), id)
2712    }
2713}
2714
2715impl From<(&'static str, u64)> for ElementId {
2716    fn from((name, id): (&'static str, u64)) -> Self {
2717        ElementId::NamedInteger(name.into(), id as usize)
2718    }
2719}
2720
2721/// A rectangle to be rendered in the window at the given position and size.
2722/// Passed as an argument [`ElementContext::paint_quad`].
2723#[derive(Clone)]
2724pub struct PaintQuad {
2725    bounds: Bounds<Pixels>,
2726    corner_radii: Corners<Pixels>,
2727    background: Hsla,
2728    border_widths: Edges<Pixels>,
2729    border_color: Hsla,
2730}
2731
2732impl PaintQuad {
2733    /// Sets the corner radii of the quad.
2734    pub fn corner_radii(self, corner_radii: impl Into<Corners<Pixels>>) -> Self {
2735        PaintQuad {
2736            corner_radii: corner_radii.into(),
2737            ..self
2738        }
2739    }
2740
2741    /// Sets the border widths of the quad.
2742    pub fn border_widths(self, border_widths: impl Into<Edges<Pixels>>) -> Self {
2743        PaintQuad {
2744            border_widths: border_widths.into(),
2745            ..self
2746        }
2747    }
2748
2749    /// Sets the border color of the quad.
2750    pub fn border_color(self, border_color: impl Into<Hsla>) -> Self {
2751        PaintQuad {
2752            border_color: border_color.into(),
2753            ..self
2754        }
2755    }
2756
2757    /// Sets the background color of the quad.
2758    pub fn background(self, background: impl Into<Hsla>) -> Self {
2759        PaintQuad {
2760            background: background.into(),
2761            ..self
2762        }
2763    }
2764}
2765
2766/// Creates a quad with the given parameters.
2767pub fn quad(
2768    bounds: Bounds<Pixels>,
2769    corner_radii: impl Into<Corners<Pixels>>,
2770    background: impl Into<Hsla>,
2771    border_widths: impl Into<Edges<Pixels>>,
2772    border_color: impl Into<Hsla>,
2773) -> PaintQuad {
2774    PaintQuad {
2775        bounds,
2776        corner_radii: corner_radii.into(),
2777        background: background.into(),
2778        border_widths: border_widths.into(),
2779        border_color: border_color.into(),
2780    }
2781}
2782
2783/// Creates a filled quad with the given bounds and background color.
2784pub fn fill(bounds: impl Into<Bounds<Pixels>>, background: impl Into<Hsla>) -> PaintQuad {
2785    PaintQuad {
2786        bounds: bounds.into(),
2787        corner_radii: (0.).into(),
2788        background: background.into(),
2789        border_widths: (0.).into(),
2790        border_color: transparent_black(),
2791    }
2792}
2793
2794/// Creates a rectangle outline with the given bounds, border color, and a 1px border width
2795pub fn outline(bounds: impl Into<Bounds<Pixels>>, border_color: impl Into<Hsla>) -> PaintQuad {
2796    PaintQuad {
2797        bounds: bounds.into(),
2798        corner_radii: (0.).into(),
2799        background: transparent_black(),
2800        border_widths: (1.).into(),
2801        border_color: border_color.into(),
2802    }
2803}