window.rs

   1use crate::{
   2    point, px, size, transparent_black, Action, AnyDrag, AnyView, AppContext, Arena,
   3    AsyncWindowContext, Bounds, Context, Corners, CursorStyle, DispatchActionListener,
   4    DispatchNodeId, DispatchTree, DisplayId, Edges, Effect, Entity, EntityId, EventEmitter,
   5    FileDropEvent, Flatten, Global, GlobalElementId, GlobalPixels, Hsla, KeyBinding, KeyDownEvent,
   6    KeyMatch, KeymatchResult, Keystroke, KeystrokeEvent, Model, ModelContext, Modifiers,
   7    MouseButton, MouseMoveEvent, MouseUpEvent, Pixels, PlatformAtlas, PlatformDisplay,
   8    PlatformInput, PlatformWindow, Point, PromptLevel, Render, ScaledPixels, SharedString, Size,
   9    SubscriberSet, Subscription, TaffyLayoutEngine, Task, TextStyle, TextStyleRefinement, View,
  10    VisualContext, WeakView, WindowAppearance, WindowOptions, WindowParams, WindowTextSystem,
  11};
  12use anyhow::{anyhow, Context as _, Result};
  13use collections::FxHashSet;
  14use derive_more::{Deref, DerefMut};
  15use futures::channel::oneshot;
  16use parking_lot::RwLock;
  17use refineable::Refineable;
  18use slotmap::SlotMap;
  19use smallvec::SmallVec;
  20use std::{
  21    any::{Any, TypeId},
  22    borrow::{Borrow, BorrowMut},
  23    cell::{Cell, RefCell},
  24    fmt::{Debug, Display},
  25    future::Future,
  26    hash::{Hash, Hasher},
  27    marker::PhantomData,
  28    mem,
  29    rc::Rc,
  30    sync::{
  31        atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering::SeqCst},
  32        Arc,
  33    },
  34    time::{Duration, Instant},
  35};
  36use util::{measure, ResultExt};
  37
  38mod element_cx;
  39mod prompts;
  40
  41pub use element_cx::*;
  42pub use prompts::*;
  43
  44/// Represents the two different phases when dispatching events.
  45#[derive(Default, Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
  46pub enum DispatchPhase {
  47    /// After the capture phase comes the bubble phase, in which mouse event listeners are
  48    /// invoked front to back and keyboard event listeners are invoked from the focused element
  49    /// to the root of the element tree. This is the phase you'll most commonly want to use when
  50    /// registering event listeners.
  51    #[default]
  52    Bubble,
  53    /// During the initial capture phase, mouse event listeners are invoked back to front, and keyboard
  54    /// listeners are invoked from the root of the tree downward toward the focused element. This phase
  55    /// is used for special purposes such as clearing the "pressed" state for click events. If
  56    /// you stop event propagation during this phase, you need to know what you're doing. Handlers
  57    /// outside of the immediate region may rely on detecting non-local events during this phase.
  58    Capture,
  59}
  60
  61impl DispatchPhase {
  62    /// Returns true if this represents the "bubble" phase.
  63    pub fn bubble(self) -> bool {
  64        self == DispatchPhase::Bubble
  65    }
  66
  67    /// Returns true if this represents the "capture" phase.
  68    pub fn capture(self) -> bool {
  69        self == DispatchPhase::Capture
  70    }
  71}
  72
  73type AnyObserver = Box<dyn FnMut(&mut WindowContext) -> bool + 'static>;
  74
  75type AnyWindowFocusListener = Box<dyn FnMut(&FocusEvent, &mut WindowContext) -> bool + 'static>;
  76
  77struct FocusEvent {
  78    previous_focus_path: SmallVec<[FocusId; 8]>,
  79    current_focus_path: SmallVec<[FocusId; 8]>,
  80}
  81
  82slotmap::new_key_type! {
  83    /// A globally unique identifier for a focusable element.
  84    pub struct FocusId;
  85}
  86
  87thread_local! {
  88    pub(crate) static ELEMENT_ARENA: RefCell<Arena> = RefCell::new(Arena::new(8 * 1024 * 1024));
  89}
  90
  91impl FocusId {
  92    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle is currently focused.
  93    pub fn is_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
  94        cx.window.focus == Some(*self)
  95    }
  96
  97    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle contains the focused
  98    /// element or is itself focused.
  99    pub fn contains_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 100        cx.focused()
 101            .map_or(false, |focused| self.contains(focused.id, cx))
 102    }
 103
 104    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle is contained within the
 105    /// focused element or is itself focused.
 106    pub fn within_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 107        let focused = cx.focused();
 108        focused.map_or(false, |focused| focused.id.contains(*self, cx))
 109    }
 110
 111    /// Obtains whether this handle contains the given handle in the most recently rendered frame.
 112    pub(crate) fn contains(&self, other: Self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 113        cx.window
 114            .rendered_frame
 115            .dispatch_tree
 116            .focus_contains(*self, other)
 117    }
 118}
 119
 120/// A handle which can be used to track and manipulate the focused element in a window.
 121pub struct FocusHandle {
 122    pub(crate) id: FocusId,
 123    handles: Arc<RwLock<SlotMap<FocusId, AtomicUsize>>>,
 124}
 125
 126impl std::fmt::Debug for FocusHandle {
 127    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
 128        f.write_fmt(format_args!("FocusHandle({:?})", self.id))
 129    }
 130}
 131
 132impl FocusHandle {
 133    pub(crate) fn new(handles: &Arc<RwLock<SlotMap<FocusId, AtomicUsize>>>) -> Self {
 134        let id = handles.write().insert(AtomicUsize::new(1));
 135        Self {
 136            id,
 137            handles: handles.clone(),
 138        }
 139    }
 140
 141    pub(crate) fn for_id(
 142        id: FocusId,
 143        handles: &Arc<RwLock<SlotMap<FocusId, AtomicUsize>>>,
 144    ) -> Option<Self> {
 145        let lock = handles.read();
 146        let ref_count = lock.get(id)?;
 147        if ref_count.load(SeqCst) == 0 {
 148            None
 149        } else {
 150            ref_count.fetch_add(1, SeqCst);
 151            Some(Self {
 152                id,
 153                handles: handles.clone(),
 154            })
 155        }
 156    }
 157
 158    /// Moves the focus to the element associated with this handle.
 159    pub fn focus(&self, cx: &mut WindowContext) {
 160        cx.focus(self)
 161    }
 162
 163    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle is currently focused.
 164    pub fn is_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 165        self.id.is_focused(cx)
 166    }
 167
 168    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle contains the focused
 169    /// element or is itself focused.
 170    pub fn contains_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 171        self.id.contains_focused(cx)
 172    }
 173
 174    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle is contained within the
 175    /// focused element or is itself focused.
 176    pub fn within_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 177        self.id.within_focused(cx)
 178    }
 179
 180    /// Obtains whether this handle contains the given handle in the most recently rendered frame.
 181    pub fn contains(&self, other: &Self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 182        self.id.contains(other.id, cx)
 183    }
 184}
 185
 186impl Clone for FocusHandle {
 187    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
 188        Self::for_id(self.id, &self.handles).unwrap()
 189    }
 190}
 191
 192impl PartialEq for FocusHandle {
 193    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
 194        self.id == other.id
 195    }
 196}
 197
 198impl Eq for FocusHandle {}
 199
 200impl Drop for FocusHandle {
 201    fn drop(&mut self) {
 202        self.handles
 203            .read()
 204            .get(self.id)
 205            .unwrap()
 206            .fetch_sub(1, SeqCst);
 207    }
 208}
 209
 210/// FocusableView allows users of your view to easily
 211/// focus it (using cx.focus_view(view))
 212pub trait FocusableView: 'static + Render {
 213    /// Returns the focus handle associated with this view.
 214    fn focus_handle(&self, cx: &AppContext) -> FocusHandle;
 215}
 216
 217/// ManagedView is a view (like a Modal, Popover, Menu, etc.)
 218/// where the lifecycle of the view is handled by another view.
 219pub trait ManagedView: FocusableView + EventEmitter<DismissEvent> {}
 220
 221impl<M: FocusableView + EventEmitter<DismissEvent>> ManagedView for M {}
 222
 223/// Emitted by implementers of [`ManagedView`] to indicate the view should be dismissed, such as when a view is presented as a modal.
 224pub struct DismissEvent;
 225
 226type FrameCallback = Box<dyn FnOnce(&mut WindowContext)>;
 227
 228// Holds the state for a specific window.
 229#[doc(hidden)]
 230pub struct Window {
 231    pub(crate) handle: AnyWindowHandle,
 232    pub(crate) removed: bool,
 233    pub(crate) platform_window: Box<dyn PlatformWindow>,
 234    display_id: DisplayId,
 235    sprite_atlas: Arc<dyn PlatformAtlas>,
 236    text_system: Arc<WindowTextSystem>,
 237    pub(crate) rem_size: Pixels,
 238    pub(crate) viewport_size: Size<Pixels>,
 239    layout_engine: Option<TaffyLayoutEngine>,
 240    pub(crate) root_view: Option<AnyView>,
 241    pub(crate) element_id_stack: GlobalElementId,
 242    pub(crate) text_style_stack: Vec<TextStyleRefinement>,
 243    pub(crate) rendered_frame: Frame,
 244    pub(crate) next_frame: Frame,
 245    pub(crate) next_hitbox_id: HitboxId,
 246    next_frame_callbacks: Rc<RefCell<Vec<FrameCallback>>>,
 247    pub(crate) dirty_views: FxHashSet<EntityId>,
 248    pub(crate) focus_handles: Arc<RwLock<SlotMap<FocusId, AtomicUsize>>>,
 249    focus_listeners: SubscriberSet<(), AnyWindowFocusListener>,
 250    focus_lost_listeners: SubscriberSet<(), AnyObserver>,
 251    default_prevented: bool,
 252    mouse_position: Point<Pixels>,
 253    mouse_hit_test: HitTest,
 254    modifiers: Modifiers,
 255    scale_factor: f32,
 256    bounds_observers: SubscriberSet<(), AnyObserver>,
 257    appearance: WindowAppearance,
 258    appearance_observers: SubscriberSet<(), AnyObserver>,
 259    active: Rc<Cell<bool>>,
 260    pub(crate) dirty: Rc<Cell<bool>>,
 261    pub(crate) needs_present: Rc<Cell<bool>>,
 262    pub(crate) last_input_timestamp: Rc<Cell<Instant>>,
 263    pub(crate) refreshing: bool,
 264    pub(crate) draw_phase: DrawPhase,
 265    activation_observers: SubscriberSet<(), AnyObserver>,
 266    pub(crate) focus: Option<FocusId>,
 267    focus_enabled: bool,
 268    pending_input: Option<PendingInput>,
 269    prompt: Option<RenderablePromptHandle>,
 270}
 271
 272#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
 273pub(crate) enum DrawPhase {
 274    None,
 275    Layout,
 276    Paint,
 277    Focus,
 278}
 279
 280#[derive(Default, Debug)]
 281struct PendingInput {
 282    keystrokes: SmallVec<[Keystroke; 1]>,
 283    bindings: SmallVec<[KeyBinding; 1]>,
 284    focus: Option<FocusId>,
 285    timer: Option<Task<()>>,
 286}
 287
 288impl PendingInput {
 289    fn input(&self) -> String {
 290        self.keystrokes
 291            .iter()
 292            .flat_map(|k| k.ime_key.clone())
 293            .collect::<Vec<String>>()
 294            .join("")
 295    }
 296
 297    fn used_by_binding(&self, binding: &KeyBinding) -> bool {
 298        if self.keystrokes.is_empty() {
 299            return true;
 300        }
 301        let keystroke = &self.keystrokes[0];
 302        for candidate in keystroke.match_candidates() {
 303            if binding.match_keystrokes(&[candidate]) == KeyMatch::Pending {
 304                return true;
 305            }
 306        }
 307        false
 308    }
 309}
 310
 311pub(crate) struct ElementStateBox {
 312    pub(crate) inner: Box<dyn Any>,
 313    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
 314    pub(crate) type_name: &'static str,
 315}
 316
 317fn default_bounds(cx: &mut AppContext) -> Bounds<GlobalPixels> {
 318    const DEFAULT_WINDOW_SIZE: Size<GlobalPixels> = size(GlobalPixels(1024.0), GlobalPixels(700.0));
 319    const DEFAULT_WINDOW_OFFSET: Point<GlobalPixels> = point(GlobalPixels(0.0), GlobalPixels(35.0));
 320
 321    cx.active_window()
 322        .and_then(|w| w.update(cx, |_, cx| cx.window_bounds()).ok())
 323        .map(|bounds| bounds.map_origin(|origin| origin + DEFAULT_WINDOW_OFFSET))
 324        .unwrap_or_else(|| {
 325            cx.primary_display()
 326                .map(|display| {
 327                    let center = display.bounds().center();
 328                    let offset = DEFAULT_WINDOW_SIZE / 2.0;
 329                    let origin = point(center.x - offset.width, center.y - offset.height);
 330                    Bounds::new(origin, DEFAULT_WINDOW_SIZE)
 331                })
 332                .unwrap_or_else(|| {
 333                    Bounds::new(
 334                        point(GlobalPixels(0.0), GlobalPixels(0.0)),
 335                        DEFAULT_WINDOW_SIZE,
 336                    )
 337                })
 338        })
 339}
 340
 341impl Window {
 342    pub(crate) fn new(
 343        handle: AnyWindowHandle,
 344        options: WindowOptions,
 345        cx: &mut AppContext,
 346    ) -> Self {
 347        let WindowOptions {
 348            bounds,
 349            titlebar,
 350            focus,
 351            show,
 352            kind,
 353            is_movable,
 354            display_id,
 355            fullscreen,
 356        } = options;
 357
 358        let bounds = bounds.unwrap_or_else(|| default_bounds(cx));
 359        let platform_window = cx.platform.open_window(
 360            handle,
 361            WindowParams {
 362                bounds,
 363                titlebar,
 364                kind,
 365                is_movable,
 366                focus,
 367                show,
 368                display_id,
 369            },
 370        );
 371        let display_id = platform_window.display().id();
 372        let sprite_atlas = platform_window.sprite_atlas();
 373        let mouse_position = platform_window.mouse_position();
 374        let modifiers = platform_window.modifiers();
 375        let content_size = platform_window.content_size();
 376        let scale_factor = platform_window.scale_factor();
 377        let appearance = platform_window.appearance();
 378        let text_system = Arc::new(WindowTextSystem::new(cx.text_system().clone()));
 379        let dirty = Rc::new(Cell::new(true));
 380        let active = Rc::new(Cell::new(false));
 381        let needs_present = Rc::new(Cell::new(false));
 382        let next_frame_callbacks: Rc<RefCell<Vec<FrameCallback>>> = Default::default();
 383        let last_input_timestamp = Rc::new(Cell::new(Instant::now()));
 384
 385        if fullscreen {
 386            platform_window.toggle_fullscreen();
 387        }
 388
 389        platform_window.on_close(Box::new({
 390            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 391            move || {
 392                let _ = handle.update(&mut cx, |_, cx| cx.remove_window());
 393            }
 394        }));
 395        platform_window.on_request_frame(Box::new({
 396            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 397            let dirty = dirty.clone();
 398            let active = active.clone();
 399            let needs_present = needs_present.clone();
 400            let next_frame_callbacks = next_frame_callbacks.clone();
 401            let last_input_timestamp = last_input_timestamp.clone();
 402            move || {
 403                let next_frame_callbacks = next_frame_callbacks.take();
 404                if !next_frame_callbacks.is_empty() {
 405                    handle
 406                        .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| {
 407                            for callback in next_frame_callbacks {
 408                                callback(cx);
 409                            }
 410                        })
 411                        .log_err();
 412                }
 413
 414                // Keep presenting the current scene for 1 extra second since the
 415                // last input to prevent the display from underclocking the refresh rate.
 416                let needs_present = needs_present.get()
 417                    || (active.get()
 418                        && last_input_timestamp.get().elapsed() < Duration::from_secs(1));
 419
 420                if dirty.get() {
 421                    measure("frame duration", || {
 422                        handle
 423                            .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| {
 424                                cx.draw();
 425                                cx.present();
 426                            })
 427                            .log_err();
 428                    })
 429                } else if needs_present {
 430                    handle.update(&mut cx, |_, cx| cx.present()).log_err();
 431                }
 432            }
 433        }));
 434        platform_window.on_resize(Box::new({
 435            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 436            move |_, _| {
 437                handle
 438                    .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| cx.window_bounds_changed())
 439                    .log_err();
 440            }
 441        }));
 442        platform_window.on_moved(Box::new({
 443            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 444            move || {
 445                handle
 446                    .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| cx.window_bounds_changed())
 447                    .log_err();
 448            }
 449        }));
 450        platform_window.on_appearance_changed(Box::new({
 451            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 452            move || {
 453                handle
 454                    .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| cx.appearance_changed())
 455                    .log_err();
 456            }
 457        }));
 458        platform_window.on_active_status_change(Box::new({
 459            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 460            move |active| {
 461                handle
 462                    .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| {
 463                        cx.window.active.set(active);
 464                        cx.window
 465                            .activation_observers
 466                            .clone()
 467                            .retain(&(), |callback| callback(cx));
 468                        cx.refresh();
 469                    })
 470                    .log_err();
 471            }
 472        }));
 473
 474        platform_window.on_input({
 475            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 476            Box::new(move |event| {
 477                handle
 478                    .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| cx.dispatch_event(event))
 479                    .log_err()
 480                    .unwrap_or(false)
 481            })
 482        });
 483
 484        Window {
 485            handle,
 486            removed: false,
 487            platform_window,
 488            display_id,
 489            sprite_atlas,
 490            text_system,
 491            rem_size: px(16.),
 492            viewport_size: content_size,
 493            layout_engine: Some(TaffyLayoutEngine::new()),
 494            root_view: None,
 495            element_id_stack: GlobalElementId::default(),
 496            text_style_stack: Vec::new(),
 497            rendered_frame: Frame::new(DispatchTree::new(cx.keymap.clone(), cx.actions.clone())),
 498            next_frame: Frame::new(DispatchTree::new(cx.keymap.clone(), cx.actions.clone())),
 499            next_frame_callbacks,
 500            next_hitbox_id: HitboxId::default(),
 501            dirty_views: FxHashSet::default(),
 502            focus_handles: Arc::new(RwLock::new(SlotMap::with_key())),
 503            focus_listeners: SubscriberSet::new(),
 504            focus_lost_listeners: SubscriberSet::new(),
 505            default_prevented: true,
 506            mouse_position,
 507            mouse_hit_test: HitTest::default(),
 508            modifiers,
 509            scale_factor,
 510            bounds_observers: SubscriberSet::new(),
 511            appearance,
 512            appearance_observers: SubscriberSet::new(),
 513            active,
 514            dirty,
 515            needs_present,
 516            last_input_timestamp,
 517            refreshing: false,
 518            draw_phase: DrawPhase::None,
 519            activation_observers: SubscriberSet::new(),
 520            focus: None,
 521            focus_enabled: true,
 522            pending_input: None,
 523            prompt: None,
 524        }
 525    }
 526    fn new_focus_listener(
 527        &mut self,
 528        value: AnyWindowFocusListener,
 529    ) -> (Subscription, impl FnOnce()) {
 530        self.focus_listeners.insert((), value)
 531    }
 532}
 533
 534/// Indicates which region of the window is visible. Content falling outside of this mask will not be
 535/// rendered. Currently, only rectangular content masks are supported, but we give the mask its own type
 536/// to leave room to support more complex shapes in the future.
 537#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
 538#[repr(C)]
 539pub struct ContentMask<P: Clone + Default + Debug> {
 540    /// The bounds
 541    pub bounds: Bounds<P>,
 542}
 543
 544impl ContentMask<Pixels> {
 545    /// Scale the content mask's pixel units by the given scaling factor.
 546    pub fn scale(&self, factor: f32) -> ContentMask<ScaledPixels> {
 547        ContentMask {
 548            bounds: self.bounds.scale(factor),
 549        }
 550    }
 551
 552    /// Intersect the content mask with the given content mask.
 553    pub fn intersect(&self, other: &Self) -> Self {
 554        let bounds = self.bounds.intersect(&other.bounds);
 555        ContentMask { bounds }
 556    }
 557}
 558
 559/// Provides access to application state in the context of a single window. Derefs
 560/// to an [`AppContext`], so you can also pass a [`WindowContext`] to any method that takes
 561/// an [`AppContext`] and call any [`AppContext`] methods.
 562pub struct WindowContext<'a> {
 563    pub(crate) app: &'a mut AppContext,
 564    pub(crate) window: &'a mut Window,
 565}
 566
 567impl<'a> WindowContext<'a> {
 568    pub(crate) fn new(app: &'a mut AppContext, window: &'a mut Window) -> Self {
 569        Self { app, window }
 570    }
 571
 572    /// Obtain a handle to the window that belongs to this context.
 573    pub fn window_handle(&self) -> AnyWindowHandle {
 574        self.window.handle
 575    }
 576
 577    /// Mark the window as dirty, scheduling it to be redrawn on the next frame.
 578    pub fn refresh(&mut self) {
 579        if self.window.draw_phase == DrawPhase::None {
 580            self.window.refreshing = true;
 581            self.window.dirty.set(true);
 582        }
 583    }
 584
 585    /// Close this window.
 586    pub fn remove_window(&mut self) {
 587        self.window.removed = true;
 588    }
 589
 590    /// Obtain a new [`FocusHandle`], which allows you to track and manipulate the keyboard focus
 591    /// for elements rendered within this window.
 592    pub fn focus_handle(&mut self) -> FocusHandle {
 593        FocusHandle::new(&self.window.focus_handles)
 594    }
 595
 596    /// Obtain the currently focused [`FocusHandle`]. If no elements are focused, returns `None`.
 597    pub fn focused(&self) -> Option<FocusHandle> {
 598        self.window
 599            .focus
 600            .and_then(|id| FocusHandle::for_id(id, &self.window.focus_handles))
 601    }
 602
 603    /// Move focus to the element associated with the given [`FocusHandle`].
 604    pub fn focus(&mut self, handle: &FocusHandle) {
 605        if !self.window.focus_enabled || self.window.focus == Some(handle.id) {
 606            return;
 607        }
 608
 609        self.window.focus = Some(handle.id);
 610        self.window
 611            .rendered_frame
 612            .dispatch_tree
 613            .clear_pending_keystrokes();
 614        self.refresh();
 615    }
 616
 617    /// Remove focus from all elements within this context's window.
 618    pub fn blur(&mut self) {
 619        if !self.window.focus_enabled {
 620            return;
 621        }
 622
 623        self.window.focus = None;
 624        self.refresh();
 625    }
 626
 627    /// Blur the window and don't allow anything in it to be focused again.
 628    pub fn disable_focus(&mut self) {
 629        self.blur();
 630        self.window.focus_enabled = false;
 631    }
 632
 633    /// Accessor for the text system.
 634    pub fn text_system(&self) -> &Arc<WindowTextSystem> {
 635        &self.window.text_system
 636    }
 637
 638    /// The current text style. Which is composed of all the style refinements provided to `with_text_style`.
 639    pub fn text_style(&self) -> TextStyle {
 640        let mut style = TextStyle::default();
 641        for refinement in &self.window.text_style_stack {
 642            style.refine(refinement);
 643        }
 644        style
 645    }
 646
 647    /// Dispatch the given action on the currently focused element.
 648    pub fn dispatch_action(&mut self, action: Box<dyn Action>) {
 649        let focus_handle = self.focused();
 650
 651        let window = self.window.handle;
 652        self.app.defer(move |cx| {
 653            cx.propagate_event = true;
 654            window
 655                .update(cx, |_, cx| {
 656                    let node_id = focus_handle
 657                        .and_then(|handle| {
 658                            cx.window
 659                                .rendered_frame
 660                                .dispatch_tree
 661                                .focusable_node_id(handle.id)
 662                        })
 663                        .unwrap_or_else(|| cx.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.root_node_id());
 664
 665                    cx.dispatch_action_on_node(node_id, action.as_ref());
 666                })
 667                .log_err();
 668            if cx.propagate_event {
 669                cx.dispatch_global_action(action.as_ref());
 670            }
 671        })
 672    }
 673
 674    pub(crate) fn dispatch_keystroke_observers(
 675        &mut self,
 676        event: &dyn Any,
 677        action: Option<Box<dyn Action>>,
 678    ) {
 679        let Some(key_down_event) = event.downcast_ref::<KeyDownEvent>() else {
 680            return;
 681        };
 682
 683        self.keystroke_observers
 684            .clone()
 685            .retain(&(), move |callback| {
 686                (callback)(
 687                    &KeystrokeEvent {
 688                        keystroke: key_down_event.keystroke.clone(),
 689                        action: action.as_ref().map(|action| action.boxed_clone()),
 690                    },
 691                    self,
 692                );
 693                true
 694            });
 695    }
 696
 697    pub(crate) fn clear_pending_keystrokes(&mut self) {
 698        self.window
 699            .rendered_frame
 700            .dispatch_tree
 701            .clear_pending_keystrokes();
 702        self.window
 703            .next_frame
 704            .dispatch_tree
 705            .clear_pending_keystrokes();
 706    }
 707
 708    /// Schedules the given function to be run at the end of the current effect cycle, allowing entities
 709    /// that are currently on the stack to be returned to the app.
 710    pub fn defer(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut WindowContext) + 'static) {
 711        let handle = self.window.handle;
 712        self.app.defer(move |cx| {
 713            handle.update(cx, |_, cx| f(cx)).ok();
 714        });
 715    }
 716
 717    /// Subscribe to events emitted by a model or view.
 718    /// The entity to which you're subscribing must implement the [`EventEmitter`] trait.
 719    /// The callback will be invoked a handle to the emitting entity (either a [`View`] or [`Model`]), the event, and a window context for the current window.
 720    pub fn subscribe<Emitter, E, Evt>(
 721        &mut self,
 722        entity: &E,
 723        mut on_event: impl FnMut(E, &Evt, &mut WindowContext<'_>) + 'static,
 724    ) -> Subscription
 725    where
 726        Emitter: EventEmitter<Evt>,
 727        E: Entity<Emitter>,
 728        Evt: 'static,
 729    {
 730        let entity_id = entity.entity_id();
 731        let entity = entity.downgrade();
 732        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
 733        self.app.new_subscription(
 734            entity_id,
 735            (
 736                TypeId::of::<Evt>(),
 737                Box::new(move |event, cx| {
 738                    window_handle
 739                        .update(cx, |_, cx| {
 740                            if let Some(handle) = E::upgrade_from(&entity) {
 741                                let event = event.downcast_ref().expect("invalid event type");
 742                                on_event(handle, event, cx);
 743                                true
 744                            } else {
 745                                false
 746                            }
 747                        })
 748                        .unwrap_or(false)
 749                }),
 750            ),
 751        )
 752    }
 753
 754    /// Creates an [`AsyncWindowContext`], which has a static lifetime and can be held across
 755    /// await points in async code.
 756    pub fn to_async(&self) -> AsyncWindowContext {
 757        AsyncWindowContext::new(self.app.to_async(), self.window.handle)
 758    }
 759
 760    /// Schedule the given closure to be run directly after the current frame is rendered.
 761    pub fn on_next_frame(&mut self, callback: impl FnOnce(&mut WindowContext) + 'static) {
 762        RefCell::borrow_mut(&self.window.next_frame_callbacks).push(Box::new(callback));
 763    }
 764
 765    /// Spawn the future returned by the given closure on the application thread pool.
 766    /// The closure is provided a handle to the current window and an `AsyncWindowContext` for
 767    /// use within your future.
 768    pub fn spawn<Fut, R>(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(AsyncWindowContext) -> Fut) -> Task<R>
 769    where
 770        R: 'static,
 771        Fut: Future<Output = R> + 'static,
 772    {
 773        self.app
 774            .spawn(|app| f(AsyncWindowContext::new(app, self.window.handle)))
 775    }
 776
 777    /// Updates the global of the given type. The given closure is given simultaneous mutable
 778    /// access both to the global and the context.
 779    pub fn update_global<G, R>(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut G, &mut Self) -> R) -> R
 780    where
 781        G: Global,
 782    {
 783        let mut global = self.app.lease_global::<G>();
 784        let result = f(&mut global, self);
 785        self.app.end_global_lease(global);
 786        result
 787    }
 788
 789    fn window_bounds_changed(&mut self) {
 790        self.window.scale_factor = self.window.platform_window.scale_factor();
 791        self.window.viewport_size = self.window.platform_window.content_size();
 792        self.window.display_id = self.window.platform_window.display().id();
 793        self.refresh();
 794
 795        self.window
 796            .bounds_observers
 797            .clone()
 798            .retain(&(), |callback| callback(self));
 799    }
 800
 801    /// Returns the bounds of the current window in the global coordinate space, which could span across multiple displays.
 802    pub fn window_bounds(&self) -> Bounds<GlobalPixels> {
 803        self.window.platform_window.bounds()
 804    }
 805
 806    /// Retusn whether or not the window is currently fullscreen
 807    pub fn is_fullscreen(&self) -> bool {
 808        self.window.platform_window.is_fullscreen()
 809    }
 810
 811    fn appearance_changed(&mut self) {
 812        self.window.appearance = self.window.platform_window.appearance();
 813
 814        self.window
 815            .appearance_observers
 816            .clone()
 817            .retain(&(), |callback| callback(self));
 818    }
 819
 820    /// Returns the appearance of the current window.
 821    pub fn appearance(&self) -> WindowAppearance {
 822        self.window.appearance
 823    }
 824
 825    /// Returns the size of the drawable area within the window.
 826    pub fn viewport_size(&self) -> Size<Pixels> {
 827        self.window.viewport_size
 828    }
 829
 830    /// Returns whether this window is focused by the operating system (receiving key events).
 831    pub fn is_window_active(&self) -> bool {
 832        self.window.active.get()
 833    }
 834
 835    /// Toggle zoom on the window.
 836    pub fn zoom_window(&self) {
 837        self.window.platform_window.zoom();
 838    }
 839
 840    /// Updates the window's title at the platform level.
 841    pub fn set_window_title(&mut self, title: &str) {
 842        self.window.platform_window.set_title(title);
 843    }
 844
 845    /// Mark the window as dirty at the platform level.
 846    pub fn set_window_edited(&mut self, edited: bool) {
 847        self.window.platform_window.set_edited(edited);
 848    }
 849
 850    /// Determine the display on which the window is visible.
 851    pub fn display(&self) -> Option<Rc<dyn PlatformDisplay>> {
 852        self.platform
 853            .displays()
 854            .into_iter()
 855            .find(|display| display.id() == self.window.display_id)
 856    }
 857
 858    /// Show the platform character palette.
 859    pub fn show_character_palette(&self) {
 860        self.window.platform_window.show_character_palette();
 861    }
 862
 863    /// The scale factor of the display associated with the window. For example, it could
 864    /// return 2.0 for a "retina" display, indicating that each logical pixel should actually
 865    /// be rendered as two pixels on screen.
 866    pub fn scale_factor(&self) -> f32 {
 867        self.window.scale_factor
 868    }
 869
 870    /// The size of an em for the base font of the application. Adjusting this value allows the
 871    /// UI to scale, just like zooming a web page.
 872    pub fn rem_size(&self) -> Pixels {
 873        self.window.rem_size
 874    }
 875
 876    /// Sets the size of an em for the base font of the application. Adjusting this value allows the
 877    /// UI to scale, just like zooming a web page.
 878    pub fn set_rem_size(&mut self, rem_size: impl Into<Pixels>) {
 879        self.window.rem_size = rem_size.into();
 880    }
 881
 882    /// The line height associated with the current text style.
 883    pub fn line_height(&self) -> Pixels {
 884        let rem_size = self.rem_size();
 885        let text_style = self.text_style();
 886        text_style
 887            .line_height
 888            .to_pixels(text_style.font_size, rem_size)
 889    }
 890
 891    /// Call to prevent the default action of an event. Currently only used to prevent
 892    /// parent elements from becoming focused on mouse down.
 893    pub fn prevent_default(&mut self) {
 894        self.window.default_prevented = true;
 895    }
 896
 897    /// Obtain whether default has been prevented for the event currently being dispatched.
 898    pub fn default_prevented(&self) -> bool {
 899        self.window.default_prevented
 900    }
 901
 902    /// Determine whether the given action is available along the dispatch path to the currently focused element.
 903    pub fn is_action_available(&self, action: &dyn Action) -> bool {
 904        let target = self
 905            .focused()
 906            .and_then(|focused_handle| {
 907                self.window
 908                    .rendered_frame
 909                    .dispatch_tree
 910                    .focusable_node_id(focused_handle.id)
 911            })
 912            .unwrap_or_else(|| self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.root_node_id());
 913        self.window
 914            .rendered_frame
 915            .dispatch_tree
 916            .is_action_available(action, target)
 917    }
 918
 919    /// The position of the mouse relative to the window.
 920    pub fn mouse_position(&self) -> Point<Pixels> {
 921        self.window.mouse_position
 922    }
 923
 924    /// The current state of the keyboard's modifiers
 925    pub fn modifiers(&self) -> Modifiers {
 926        self.window.modifiers
 927    }
 928
 929    /// Produces a new frame and assigns it to `rendered_frame`. To actually show
 930    /// the contents of the new [Scene], use [present].
 931    #[profiling::function]
 932    pub fn draw(&mut self) {
 933        self.window.dirty.set(false);
 934
 935        // Restore the previously-used input handler.
 936        if let Some(input_handler) = self.window.platform_window.take_input_handler() {
 937            self.window
 938                .rendered_frame
 939                .input_handlers
 940                .push(Some(input_handler));
 941        }
 942
 943        self.with_element_context(|cx| cx.draw_roots());
 944        self.window.dirty_views.clear();
 945
 946        self.window
 947            .next_frame
 948            .dispatch_tree
 949            .preserve_pending_keystrokes(
 950                &mut self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree,
 951                self.window.focus,
 952            );
 953        self.window.next_frame.focus = self.window.focus;
 954        self.window.next_frame.window_active = self.window.active.get();
 955
 956        // Register requested input handler with the platform window.
 957        if let Some(input_handler) = self.window.next_frame.input_handlers.pop() {
 958            self.window
 959                .platform_window
 960                .set_input_handler(input_handler.unwrap());
 961        }
 962
 963        self.window.layout_engine.as_mut().unwrap().clear();
 964        self.text_system().finish_frame();
 965        self.window
 966            .next_frame
 967            .finish(&mut self.window.rendered_frame);
 968        ELEMENT_ARENA.with_borrow_mut(|element_arena| {
 969            let percentage = (element_arena.len() as f32 / element_arena.capacity() as f32) * 100.;
 970            if percentage >= 80. {
 971                log::warn!("elevated element arena occupation: {}.", percentage);
 972            }
 973            element_arena.clear();
 974        });
 975
 976        self.window.draw_phase = DrawPhase::Focus;
 977        let previous_focus_path = self.window.rendered_frame.focus_path();
 978        let previous_window_active = self.window.rendered_frame.window_active;
 979        mem::swap(&mut self.window.rendered_frame, &mut self.window.next_frame);
 980        self.window.next_frame.clear();
 981        let current_focus_path = self.window.rendered_frame.focus_path();
 982        let current_window_active = self.window.rendered_frame.window_active;
 983
 984        if previous_focus_path != current_focus_path
 985            || previous_window_active != current_window_active
 986        {
 987            if !previous_focus_path.is_empty() && current_focus_path.is_empty() {
 988                self.window
 989                    .focus_lost_listeners
 990                    .clone()
 991                    .retain(&(), |listener| listener(self));
 992            }
 993
 994            let event = FocusEvent {
 995                previous_focus_path: if previous_window_active {
 996                    previous_focus_path
 997                } else {
 998                    Default::default()
 999                },
1000                current_focus_path: if current_window_active {
1001                    current_focus_path
1002                } else {
1003                    Default::default()
1004                },
1005            };
1006            self.window
1007                .focus_listeners
1008                .clone()
1009                .retain(&(), |listener| listener(&event, self));
1010        }
1011
1012        self.reset_cursor_style();
1013        self.window.refreshing = false;
1014        self.window.draw_phase = DrawPhase::None;
1015        self.window.needs_present.set(true);
1016    }
1017
1018    #[profiling::function]
1019    fn present(&self) {
1020        self.window
1021            .platform_window
1022            .draw(&self.window.rendered_frame.scene);
1023        self.window.needs_present.set(false);
1024        profiling::finish_frame!();
1025    }
1026
1027    fn reset_cursor_style(&self) {
1028        // Set the cursor only if we're the active window.
1029        if self.is_window_active() {
1030            let style = self
1031                .window
1032                .rendered_frame
1033                .cursor_styles
1034                .iter()
1035                .rev()
1036                .find(|request| request.hitbox_id.is_hovered(self))
1037                .map(|request| request.style)
1038                .unwrap_or(CursorStyle::Arrow);
1039            self.platform.set_cursor_style(style);
1040        }
1041    }
1042
1043    /// Dispatch a given keystroke as though the user had typed it.
1044    /// You can create a keystroke with Keystroke::parse("").
1045    pub fn dispatch_keystroke(&mut self, keystroke: Keystroke) -> bool {
1046        let keystroke = keystroke.with_simulated_ime();
1047        if self.dispatch_event(PlatformInput::KeyDown(KeyDownEvent {
1048            keystroke: keystroke.clone(),
1049            is_held: false,
1050        })) {
1051            return true;
1052        }
1053
1054        if let Some(input) = keystroke.ime_key {
1055            if let Some(mut input_handler) = self.window.platform_window.take_input_handler() {
1056                input_handler.dispatch_input(&input, self);
1057                self.window.platform_window.set_input_handler(input_handler);
1058                return true;
1059            }
1060        }
1061
1062        false
1063    }
1064
1065    /// Represent this action as a key binding string, to display in the UI.
1066    pub fn keystroke_text_for(&self, action: &dyn Action) -> String {
1067        self.bindings_for_action(action)
1068            .into_iter()
1069            .next()
1070            .map(|binding| {
1071                binding
1072                    .keystrokes()
1073                    .iter()
1074                    .map(ToString::to_string)
1075                    .collect::<Vec<_>>()
1076                    .join(" ")
1077            })
1078            .unwrap_or_else(|| action.name().to_string())
1079    }
1080
1081    /// Dispatch a mouse or keyboard event on the window.
1082    #[profiling::function]
1083    pub fn dispatch_event(&mut self, event: PlatformInput) -> bool {
1084        self.window.last_input_timestamp.set(Instant::now());
1085        // Handlers may set this to false by calling `stop_propagation`.
1086        self.app.propagate_event = true;
1087        // Handlers may set this to true by calling `prevent_default`.
1088        self.window.default_prevented = false;
1089
1090        let event = match event {
1091            // Track the mouse position with our own state, since accessing the platform
1092            // API for the mouse position can only occur on the main thread.
1093            PlatformInput::MouseMove(mouse_move) => {
1094                self.window.mouse_position = mouse_move.position;
1095                self.window.modifiers = mouse_move.modifiers;
1096                PlatformInput::MouseMove(mouse_move)
1097            }
1098            PlatformInput::MouseDown(mouse_down) => {
1099                self.window.mouse_position = mouse_down.position;
1100                self.window.modifiers = mouse_down.modifiers;
1101                PlatformInput::MouseDown(mouse_down)
1102            }
1103            PlatformInput::MouseUp(mouse_up) => {
1104                self.window.mouse_position = mouse_up.position;
1105                self.window.modifiers = mouse_up.modifiers;
1106                PlatformInput::MouseUp(mouse_up)
1107            }
1108            PlatformInput::MouseExited(mouse_exited) => {
1109                self.window.modifiers = mouse_exited.modifiers;
1110                PlatformInput::MouseExited(mouse_exited)
1111            }
1112            PlatformInput::ModifiersChanged(modifiers_changed) => {
1113                self.window.modifiers = modifiers_changed.modifiers;
1114                PlatformInput::ModifiersChanged(modifiers_changed)
1115            }
1116            PlatformInput::ScrollWheel(scroll_wheel) => {
1117                self.window.mouse_position = scroll_wheel.position;
1118                self.window.modifiers = scroll_wheel.modifiers;
1119                PlatformInput::ScrollWheel(scroll_wheel)
1120            }
1121            // Translate dragging and dropping of external files from the operating system
1122            // to internal drag and drop events.
1123            PlatformInput::FileDrop(file_drop) => match file_drop {
1124                FileDropEvent::Entered { position, paths } => {
1125                    self.window.mouse_position = position;
1126                    if self.active_drag.is_none() {
1127                        self.active_drag = Some(AnyDrag {
1128                            value: Box::new(paths.clone()),
1129                            view: self.new_view(|_| paths).into(),
1130                            cursor_offset: position,
1131                        });
1132                    }
1133                    PlatformInput::MouseMove(MouseMoveEvent {
1134                        position,
1135                        pressed_button: Some(MouseButton::Left),
1136                        modifiers: Modifiers::default(),
1137                    })
1138                }
1139                FileDropEvent::Pending { position } => {
1140                    self.window.mouse_position = position;
1141                    PlatformInput::MouseMove(MouseMoveEvent {
1142                        position,
1143                        pressed_button: Some(MouseButton::Left),
1144                        modifiers: Modifiers::default(),
1145                    })
1146                }
1147                FileDropEvent::Submit { position } => {
1148                    self.activate(true);
1149                    self.window.mouse_position = position;
1150                    PlatformInput::MouseUp(MouseUpEvent {
1151                        button: MouseButton::Left,
1152                        position,
1153                        modifiers: Modifiers::default(),
1154                        click_count: 1,
1155                    })
1156                }
1157                FileDropEvent::Exited => {
1158                    self.active_drag.take();
1159                    PlatformInput::FileDrop(FileDropEvent::Exited)
1160                }
1161            },
1162            PlatformInput::KeyDown(_) | PlatformInput::KeyUp(_) => event,
1163        };
1164
1165        if let Some(any_mouse_event) = event.mouse_event() {
1166            self.dispatch_mouse_event(any_mouse_event);
1167        } else if let Some(any_key_event) = event.keyboard_event() {
1168            self.dispatch_key_event(any_key_event);
1169        }
1170
1171        !self.app.propagate_event
1172    }
1173
1174    fn dispatch_mouse_event(&mut self, event: &dyn Any) {
1175        let hit_test = self.window.rendered_frame.hit_test(self.mouse_position());
1176        if hit_test != self.window.mouse_hit_test {
1177            self.window.mouse_hit_test = hit_test;
1178            self.reset_cursor_style();
1179        }
1180
1181        let mut mouse_listeners = mem::take(&mut self.window.rendered_frame.mouse_listeners);
1182        self.with_element_context(|cx| {
1183            // Capture phase, events bubble from back to front. Handlers for this phase are used for
1184            // special purposes, such as detecting events outside of a given Bounds.
1185            for listener in &mut mouse_listeners {
1186                let listener = listener.as_mut().unwrap();
1187                listener(event, DispatchPhase::Capture, cx);
1188                if !cx.app.propagate_event {
1189                    break;
1190                }
1191            }
1192
1193            // Bubble phase, where most normal handlers do their work.
1194            if cx.app.propagate_event {
1195                for listener in mouse_listeners.iter_mut().rev() {
1196                    let listener = listener.as_mut().unwrap();
1197                    listener(event, DispatchPhase::Bubble, cx);
1198                    if !cx.app.propagate_event {
1199                        break;
1200                    }
1201                }
1202            }
1203        });
1204        self.window.rendered_frame.mouse_listeners = mouse_listeners;
1205
1206        if self.app.propagate_event && self.has_active_drag() {
1207            if event.is::<MouseMoveEvent>() {
1208                // If this was a mouse move event, redraw the window so that the
1209                // active drag can follow the mouse cursor.
1210                self.refresh();
1211            } else if event.is::<MouseUpEvent>() {
1212                // If this was a mouse up event, cancel the active drag and redraw
1213                // the window.
1214                self.active_drag = None;
1215                self.refresh();
1216            }
1217        }
1218    }
1219
1220    fn dispatch_key_event(&mut self, event: &dyn Any) {
1221        if self.window.dirty.get() {
1222            self.draw();
1223        }
1224
1225        let node_id = self
1226            .window
1227            .focus
1228            .and_then(|focus_id| {
1229                self.window
1230                    .rendered_frame
1231                    .dispatch_tree
1232                    .focusable_node_id(focus_id)
1233            })
1234            .unwrap_or_else(|| self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.root_node_id());
1235
1236        let dispatch_path = self
1237            .window
1238            .rendered_frame
1239            .dispatch_tree
1240            .dispatch_path(node_id);
1241
1242        if let Some(key_down_event) = event.downcast_ref::<KeyDownEvent>() {
1243            let KeymatchResult { bindings, pending } = self
1244                .window
1245                .rendered_frame
1246                .dispatch_tree
1247                .dispatch_key(&key_down_event.keystroke, &dispatch_path);
1248
1249            if pending {
1250                let mut currently_pending = self.window.pending_input.take().unwrap_or_default();
1251                if currently_pending.focus.is_some() && currently_pending.focus != self.window.focus
1252                {
1253                    currently_pending = PendingInput::default();
1254                }
1255                currently_pending.focus = self.window.focus;
1256                currently_pending
1257                    .keystrokes
1258                    .push(key_down_event.keystroke.clone());
1259                for binding in bindings {
1260                    currently_pending.bindings.push(binding);
1261                }
1262
1263                currently_pending.timer = Some(self.spawn(|mut cx| async move {
1264                    cx.background_executor.timer(Duration::from_secs(1)).await;
1265                    cx.update(move |cx| {
1266                        cx.clear_pending_keystrokes();
1267                        let Some(currently_pending) = cx.window.pending_input.take() else {
1268                            return;
1269                        };
1270                        cx.replay_pending_input(currently_pending)
1271                    })
1272                    .log_err();
1273                }));
1274
1275                self.window.pending_input = Some(currently_pending);
1276
1277                self.propagate_event = false;
1278                return;
1279            } else if let Some(currently_pending) = self.window.pending_input.take() {
1280                if bindings
1281                    .iter()
1282                    .all(|binding| !currently_pending.used_by_binding(binding))
1283                {
1284                    self.replay_pending_input(currently_pending)
1285                }
1286            }
1287
1288            if !bindings.is_empty() {
1289                self.clear_pending_keystrokes();
1290            }
1291
1292            self.propagate_event = true;
1293            for binding in bindings {
1294                self.dispatch_action_on_node(node_id, binding.action.as_ref());
1295                if !self.propagate_event {
1296                    self.dispatch_keystroke_observers(event, Some(binding.action));
1297                    return;
1298                }
1299            }
1300        }
1301
1302        self.dispatch_key_down_up_event(event, &dispatch_path);
1303        if !self.propagate_event {
1304            return;
1305        }
1306
1307        self.dispatch_keystroke_observers(event, None);
1308    }
1309
1310    fn dispatch_key_down_up_event(
1311        &mut self,
1312        event: &dyn Any,
1313        dispatch_path: &SmallVec<[DispatchNodeId; 32]>,
1314    ) {
1315        // Capture phase
1316        for node_id in dispatch_path {
1317            let node = self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.node(*node_id);
1318
1319            for key_listener in node.key_listeners.clone() {
1320                self.with_element_context(|cx| {
1321                    key_listener(event, DispatchPhase::Capture, cx);
1322                });
1323                if !self.propagate_event {
1324                    return;
1325                }
1326            }
1327        }
1328
1329        // Bubble phase
1330        for node_id in dispatch_path.iter().rev() {
1331            // Handle low level key events
1332            let node = self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.node(*node_id);
1333            for key_listener in node.key_listeners.clone() {
1334                self.with_element_context(|cx| {
1335                    key_listener(event, DispatchPhase::Bubble, cx);
1336                });
1337                if !self.propagate_event {
1338                    return;
1339                }
1340            }
1341        }
1342    }
1343
1344    /// Determine whether a potential multi-stroke key binding is in progress on this window.
1345    pub fn has_pending_keystrokes(&self) -> bool {
1346        self.window
1347            .rendered_frame
1348            .dispatch_tree
1349            .has_pending_keystrokes()
1350    }
1351
1352    fn replay_pending_input(&mut self, currently_pending: PendingInput) {
1353        let node_id = self
1354            .window
1355            .focus
1356            .and_then(|focus_id| {
1357                self.window
1358                    .rendered_frame
1359                    .dispatch_tree
1360                    .focusable_node_id(focus_id)
1361            })
1362            .unwrap_or_else(|| self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.root_node_id());
1363
1364        if self.window.focus != currently_pending.focus {
1365            return;
1366        }
1367
1368        let input = currently_pending.input();
1369
1370        self.propagate_event = true;
1371        for binding in currently_pending.bindings {
1372            self.dispatch_action_on_node(node_id, binding.action.as_ref());
1373            if !self.propagate_event {
1374                return;
1375            }
1376        }
1377
1378        let dispatch_path = self
1379            .window
1380            .rendered_frame
1381            .dispatch_tree
1382            .dispatch_path(node_id);
1383
1384        for keystroke in currently_pending.keystrokes {
1385            let event = KeyDownEvent {
1386                keystroke,
1387                is_held: false,
1388            };
1389
1390            self.dispatch_key_down_up_event(&event, &dispatch_path);
1391            if !self.propagate_event {
1392                return;
1393            }
1394        }
1395
1396        if !input.is_empty() {
1397            if let Some(mut input_handler) = self.window.platform_window.take_input_handler() {
1398                input_handler.dispatch_input(&input, self);
1399                self.window.platform_window.set_input_handler(input_handler)
1400            }
1401        }
1402    }
1403
1404    fn dispatch_action_on_node(&mut self, node_id: DispatchNodeId, action: &dyn Action) {
1405        let dispatch_path = self
1406            .window
1407            .rendered_frame
1408            .dispatch_tree
1409            .dispatch_path(node_id);
1410
1411        // Capture phase
1412        for node_id in &dispatch_path {
1413            let node = self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.node(*node_id);
1414            for DispatchActionListener {
1415                action_type,
1416                listener,
1417            } in node.action_listeners.clone()
1418            {
1419                let any_action = action.as_any();
1420                if action_type == any_action.type_id() {
1421                    self.with_element_context(|cx| {
1422                        listener(any_action, DispatchPhase::Capture, cx);
1423                    });
1424
1425                    if !self.propagate_event {
1426                        return;
1427                    }
1428                }
1429            }
1430        }
1431        // Bubble phase
1432        for node_id in dispatch_path.iter().rev() {
1433            let node = self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.node(*node_id);
1434            for DispatchActionListener {
1435                action_type,
1436                listener,
1437            } in node.action_listeners.clone()
1438            {
1439                let any_action = action.as_any();
1440                if action_type == any_action.type_id() {
1441                    self.propagate_event = false; // Actions stop propagation by default during the bubble phase
1442
1443                    self.with_element_context(|cx| {
1444                        listener(any_action, DispatchPhase::Bubble, cx);
1445                    });
1446
1447                    if !self.propagate_event {
1448                        return;
1449                    }
1450                }
1451            }
1452        }
1453    }
1454
1455    /// Register the given handler to be invoked whenever the global of the given type
1456    /// is updated.
1457    pub fn observe_global<G: Global>(
1458        &mut self,
1459        f: impl Fn(&mut WindowContext<'_>) + 'static,
1460    ) -> Subscription {
1461        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
1462        let (subscription, activate) = self.global_observers.insert(
1463            TypeId::of::<G>(),
1464            Box::new(move |cx| window_handle.update(cx, |_, cx| f(cx)).is_ok()),
1465        );
1466        self.app.defer(move |_| activate());
1467        subscription
1468    }
1469
1470    /// Focus the current window and bring it to the foreground at the platform level.
1471    pub fn activate_window(&self) {
1472        self.window.platform_window.activate();
1473    }
1474
1475    /// Minimize the current window at the platform level.
1476    pub fn minimize_window(&self) {
1477        self.window.platform_window.minimize();
1478    }
1479
1480    /// Toggle full screen status on the current window at the platform level.
1481    pub fn toggle_fullscreen(&self) {
1482        self.window.platform_window.toggle_fullscreen();
1483    }
1484
1485    /// Present a platform dialog.
1486    /// The provided message will be presented, along with buttons for each answer.
1487    /// When a button is clicked, the returned Receiver will receive the index of the clicked button.
1488    pub fn prompt(
1489        &mut self,
1490        level: PromptLevel,
1491        message: &str,
1492        detail: Option<&str>,
1493        answers: &[&str],
1494    ) -> oneshot::Receiver<usize> {
1495        let prompt_builder = self.app.prompt_builder.take();
1496        let Some(prompt_builder) = prompt_builder else {
1497            unreachable!("Re-entrant window prompting is not supported by GPUI");
1498        };
1499
1500        let receiver = match &prompt_builder {
1501            PromptBuilder::Default => self
1502                .window
1503                .platform_window
1504                .prompt(level, message, detail, answers)
1505                .unwrap_or_else(|| {
1506                    self.build_custom_prompt(&prompt_builder, level, message, detail, answers)
1507                }),
1508            PromptBuilder::Custom(_) => {
1509                self.build_custom_prompt(&prompt_builder, level, message, detail, answers)
1510            }
1511        };
1512
1513        self.app.prompt_builder = Some(prompt_builder);
1514
1515        receiver
1516    }
1517
1518    fn build_custom_prompt(
1519        &mut self,
1520        prompt_builder: &PromptBuilder,
1521        level: PromptLevel,
1522        message: &str,
1523        detail: Option<&str>,
1524        answers: &[&str],
1525    ) -> oneshot::Receiver<usize> {
1526        let (sender, receiver) = oneshot::channel();
1527        let handle = PromptHandle::new(sender);
1528        let handle = (prompt_builder)(level, message, detail, answers, handle, self);
1529        self.window.prompt = Some(handle);
1530        receiver
1531    }
1532
1533    /// Returns all available actions for the focused element.
1534    pub fn available_actions(&self) -> Vec<Box<dyn Action>> {
1535        let node_id = self
1536            .window
1537            .focus
1538            .and_then(|focus_id| {
1539                self.window
1540                    .rendered_frame
1541                    .dispatch_tree
1542                    .focusable_node_id(focus_id)
1543            })
1544            .unwrap_or_else(|| self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.root_node_id());
1545
1546        let mut actions = self
1547            .window
1548            .rendered_frame
1549            .dispatch_tree
1550            .available_actions(node_id);
1551        for action_type in self.global_action_listeners.keys() {
1552            if let Err(ix) = actions.binary_search_by_key(action_type, |a| a.as_any().type_id()) {
1553                let action = self.actions.build_action_type(action_type).ok();
1554                if let Some(action) = action {
1555                    actions.insert(ix, action);
1556                }
1557            }
1558        }
1559        actions
1560    }
1561
1562    /// Returns key bindings that invoke the given action on the currently focused element.
1563    pub fn bindings_for_action(&self, action: &dyn Action) -> Vec<KeyBinding> {
1564        self.window
1565            .rendered_frame
1566            .dispatch_tree
1567            .bindings_for_action(
1568                action,
1569                &self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.context_stack,
1570            )
1571    }
1572
1573    /// Returns any bindings that would invoke the given action on the given focus handle if it were focused.
1574    pub fn bindings_for_action_in(
1575        &self,
1576        action: &dyn Action,
1577        focus_handle: &FocusHandle,
1578    ) -> Vec<KeyBinding> {
1579        let dispatch_tree = &self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree;
1580
1581        let Some(node_id) = dispatch_tree.focusable_node_id(focus_handle.id) else {
1582            return vec![];
1583        };
1584        let context_stack: Vec<_> = dispatch_tree
1585            .dispatch_path(node_id)
1586            .into_iter()
1587            .filter_map(|node_id| dispatch_tree.node(node_id).context.clone())
1588            .collect();
1589        dispatch_tree.bindings_for_action(action, &context_stack)
1590    }
1591
1592    /// Returns a generic event listener that invokes the given listener with the view and context associated with the given view handle.
1593    pub fn listener_for<V: Render, E>(
1594        &self,
1595        view: &View<V>,
1596        f: impl Fn(&mut V, &E, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
1597    ) -> impl Fn(&E, &mut WindowContext) + 'static {
1598        let view = view.downgrade();
1599        move |e: &E, cx: &mut WindowContext| {
1600            view.update(cx, |view, cx| f(view, e, cx)).ok();
1601        }
1602    }
1603
1604    /// Returns a generic handler that invokes the given handler with the view and context associated with the given view handle.
1605    pub fn handler_for<V: Render>(
1606        &self,
1607        view: &View<V>,
1608        f: impl Fn(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
1609    ) -> impl Fn(&mut WindowContext) {
1610        let view = view.downgrade();
1611        move |cx: &mut WindowContext| {
1612            view.update(cx, |view, cx| f(view, cx)).ok();
1613        }
1614    }
1615
1616    /// Register a callback that can interrupt the closing of the current window based the returned boolean.
1617    /// If the callback returns false, the window won't be closed.
1618    pub fn on_window_should_close(&mut self, f: impl Fn(&mut WindowContext) -> bool + 'static) {
1619        let mut this = self.to_async();
1620        self.window
1621            .platform_window
1622            .on_should_close(Box::new(move || this.update(|cx| f(cx)).unwrap_or(true)))
1623    }
1624
1625    /// Register an action listener on the window for the next frame. The type of action
1626    /// is determined by the first parameter of the given listener. When the next frame is rendered
1627    /// the listener will be cleared.
1628    ///
1629    /// This is a fairly low-level method, so prefer using action handlers on elements unless you have
1630    /// a specific need to register a global listener.
1631    pub fn on_action(
1632        &mut self,
1633        action_type: TypeId,
1634        listener: impl Fn(&dyn Any, DispatchPhase, &mut WindowContext) + 'static,
1635    ) {
1636        self.window
1637            .next_frame
1638            .dispatch_tree
1639            .on_action(action_type, Rc::new(listener));
1640    }
1641}
1642
1643impl Context for WindowContext<'_> {
1644    type Result<T> = T;
1645
1646    fn new_model<T>(&mut self, build_model: impl FnOnce(&mut ModelContext<'_, T>) -> T) -> Model<T>
1647    where
1648        T: 'static,
1649    {
1650        let slot = self.app.entities.reserve();
1651        let model = build_model(&mut ModelContext::new(&mut *self.app, slot.downgrade()));
1652        self.entities.insert(slot, model)
1653    }
1654
1655    fn update_model<T: 'static, R>(
1656        &mut self,
1657        model: &Model<T>,
1658        update: impl FnOnce(&mut T, &mut ModelContext<'_, T>) -> R,
1659    ) -> R {
1660        let mut entity = self.entities.lease(model);
1661        let result = update(
1662            &mut *entity,
1663            &mut ModelContext::new(&mut *self.app, model.downgrade()),
1664        );
1665        self.entities.end_lease(entity);
1666        result
1667    }
1668
1669    fn update_window<T, F>(&mut self, window: AnyWindowHandle, update: F) -> Result<T>
1670    where
1671        F: FnOnce(AnyView, &mut WindowContext<'_>) -> T,
1672    {
1673        if window == self.window.handle {
1674            let root_view = self.window.root_view.clone().unwrap();
1675            Ok(update(root_view, self))
1676        } else {
1677            window.update(self.app, update)
1678        }
1679    }
1680
1681    fn read_model<T, R>(
1682        &self,
1683        handle: &Model<T>,
1684        read: impl FnOnce(&T, &AppContext) -> R,
1685    ) -> Self::Result<R>
1686    where
1687        T: 'static,
1688    {
1689        let entity = self.entities.read(handle);
1690        read(entity, &*self.app)
1691    }
1692
1693    fn read_window<T, R>(
1694        &self,
1695        window: &WindowHandle<T>,
1696        read: impl FnOnce(View<T>, &AppContext) -> R,
1697    ) -> Result<R>
1698    where
1699        T: 'static,
1700    {
1701        if window.any_handle == self.window.handle {
1702            let root_view = self
1703                .window
1704                .root_view
1705                .clone()
1706                .unwrap()
1707                .downcast::<T>()
1708                .map_err(|_| anyhow!("the type of the window's root view has changed"))?;
1709            Ok(read(root_view, self))
1710        } else {
1711            self.app.read_window(window, read)
1712        }
1713    }
1714}
1715
1716impl VisualContext for WindowContext<'_> {
1717    fn new_view<V>(
1718        &mut self,
1719        build_view_state: impl FnOnce(&mut ViewContext<'_, V>) -> V,
1720    ) -> Self::Result<View<V>>
1721    where
1722        V: 'static + Render,
1723    {
1724        let slot = self.app.entities.reserve();
1725        let view = View {
1726            model: slot.clone(),
1727        };
1728        let mut cx = ViewContext::new(&mut *self.app, &mut *self.window, &view);
1729        let entity = build_view_state(&mut cx);
1730        cx.entities.insert(slot, entity);
1731
1732        // Non-generic part to avoid leaking SubscriberSet to invokers of `new_view`.
1733        fn notify_observers(cx: &mut WindowContext, tid: TypeId, view: AnyView) {
1734            cx.new_view_observers.clone().retain(&tid, |observer| {
1735                let any_view = view.clone();
1736                (observer)(any_view, cx);
1737                true
1738            });
1739        }
1740        notify_observers(self, TypeId::of::<V>(), AnyView::from(view.clone()));
1741
1742        view
1743    }
1744
1745    /// Updates the given view. Prefer calling [`View::update`] instead, which calls this method.
1746    fn update_view<T: 'static, R>(
1747        &mut self,
1748        view: &View<T>,
1749        update: impl FnOnce(&mut T, &mut ViewContext<'_, T>) -> R,
1750    ) -> Self::Result<R> {
1751        let mut lease = self.app.entities.lease(&view.model);
1752        let mut cx = ViewContext::new(&mut *self.app, &mut *self.window, view);
1753        let result = update(&mut *lease, &mut cx);
1754        cx.app.entities.end_lease(lease);
1755        result
1756    }
1757
1758    fn replace_root_view<V>(
1759        &mut self,
1760        build_view: impl FnOnce(&mut ViewContext<'_, V>) -> V,
1761    ) -> Self::Result<View<V>>
1762    where
1763        V: 'static + Render,
1764    {
1765        let view = self.new_view(build_view);
1766        self.window.root_view = Some(view.clone().into());
1767        self.refresh();
1768        view
1769    }
1770
1771    fn focus_view<V: crate::FocusableView>(&mut self, view: &View<V>) -> Self::Result<()> {
1772        self.update_view(view, |view, cx| {
1773            view.focus_handle(cx).clone().focus(cx);
1774        })
1775    }
1776
1777    fn dismiss_view<V>(&mut self, view: &View<V>) -> Self::Result<()>
1778    where
1779        V: ManagedView,
1780    {
1781        self.update_view(view, |_, cx| cx.emit(DismissEvent))
1782    }
1783}
1784
1785impl<'a> std::ops::Deref for WindowContext<'a> {
1786    type Target = AppContext;
1787
1788    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
1789        self.app
1790    }
1791}
1792
1793impl<'a> std::ops::DerefMut for WindowContext<'a> {
1794    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
1795        self.app
1796    }
1797}
1798
1799impl<'a> Borrow<AppContext> for WindowContext<'a> {
1800    fn borrow(&self) -> &AppContext {
1801        self.app
1802    }
1803}
1804
1805impl<'a> BorrowMut<AppContext> for WindowContext<'a> {
1806    fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut AppContext {
1807        self.app
1808    }
1809}
1810
1811/// This trait contains functionality that is shared across [`ViewContext`] and [`WindowContext`]
1812pub trait BorrowWindow: BorrowMut<Window> + BorrowMut<AppContext> {
1813    #[doc(hidden)]
1814    fn app_mut(&mut self) -> &mut AppContext {
1815        self.borrow_mut()
1816    }
1817
1818    #[doc(hidden)]
1819    fn app(&self) -> &AppContext {
1820        self.borrow()
1821    }
1822
1823    #[doc(hidden)]
1824    fn window(&self) -> &Window {
1825        self.borrow()
1826    }
1827
1828    #[doc(hidden)]
1829    fn window_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Window {
1830        self.borrow_mut()
1831    }
1832}
1833
1834impl Borrow<Window> for WindowContext<'_> {
1835    fn borrow(&self) -> &Window {
1836        self.window
1837    }
1838}
1839
1840impl BorrowMut<Window> for WindowContext<'_> {
1841    fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Window {
1842        self.window
1843    }
1844}
1845
1846impl<T> BorrowWindow for T where T: BorrowMut<AppContext> + BorrowMut<Window> {}
1847
1848/// Provides access to application state that is specialized for a particular [`View`].
1849/// Allows you to interact with focus, emit events, etc.
1850/// ViewContext also derefs to [`WindowContext`], giving you access to all of its methods as well.
1851/// When you call [`View::update`], you're passed a `&mut V` and an `&mut ViewContext<V>`.
1852pub struct ViewContext<'a, V> {
1853    window_cx: WindowContext<'a>,
1854    view: &'a View<V>,
1855}
1856
1857impl<V> Borrow<AppContext> for ViewContext<'_, V> {
1858    fn borrow(&self) -> &AppContext {
1859        &*self.window_cx.app
1860    }
1861}
1862
1863impl<V> BorrowMut<AppContext> for ViewContext<'_, V> {
1864    fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut AppContext {
1865        &mut *self.window_cx.app
1866    }
1867}
1868
1869impl<V> Borrow<Window> for ViewContext<'_, V> {
1870    fn borrow(&self) -> &Window {
1871        &*self.window_cx.window
1872    }
1873}
1874
1875impl<V> BorrowMut<Window> for ViewContext<'_, V> {
1876    fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Window {
1877        &mut *self.window_cx.window
1878    }
1879}
1880
1881impl<'a, V: 'static> ViewContext<'a, V> {
1882    pub(crate) fn new(app: &'a mut AppContext, window: &'a mut Window, view: &'a View<V>) -> Self {
1883        Self {
1884            window_cx: WindowContext::new(app, window),
1885            view,
1886        }
1887    }
1888
1889    /// Get the entity_id of this view.
1890    pub fn entity_id(&self) -> EntityId {
1891        self.view.entity_id()
1892    }
1893
1894    /// Get the view pointer underlying this context.
1895    pub fn view(&self) -> &View<V> {
1896        self.view
1897    }
1898
1899    /// Get the model underlying this view.
1900    pub fn model(&self) -> &Model<V> {
1901        &self.view.model
1902    }
1903
1904    /// Access the underlying window context.
1905    pub fn window_context(&mut self) -> &mut WindowContext<'a> {
1906        &mut self.window_cx
1907    }
1908
1909    /// Sets a given callback to be run on the next frame.
1910    pub fn on_next_frame(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static)
1911    where
1912        V: 'static,
1913    {
1914        let view = self.view().clone();
1915        self.window_cx.on_next_frame(move |cx| view.update(cx, f));
1916    }
1917
1918    /// Schedules the given function to be run at the end of the current effect cycle, allowing entities
1919    /// that are currently on the stack to be returned to the app.
1920    pub fn defer(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static) {
1921        let view = self.view().downgrade();
1922        self.window_cx.defer(move |cx| {
1923            view.update(cx, f).ok();
1924        });
1925    }
1926
1927    /// Observe another model or view for changes to its state, as tracked by [`ModelContext::notify`].
1928    pub fn observe<V2, E>(
1929        &mut self,
1930        entity: &E,
1931        mut on_notify: impl FnMut(&mut V, E, &mut ViewContext<'_, V>) + 'static,
1932    ) -> Subscription
1933    where
1934        V2: 'static,
1935        V: 'static,
1936        E: Entity<V2>,
1937    {
1938        let view = self.view().downgrade();
1939        let entity_id = entity.entity_id();
1940        let entity = entity.downgrade();
1941        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
1942        self.app.new_observer(
1943            entity_id,
1944            Box::new(move |cx| {
1945                window_handle
1946                    .update(cx, |_, cx| {
1947                        if let Some(handle) = E::upgrade_from(&entity) {
1948                            view.update(cx, |this, cx| on_notify(this, handle, cx))
1949                                .is_ok()
1950                        } else {
1951                            false
1952                        }
1953                    })
1954                    .unwrap_or(false)
1955            }),
1956        )
1957    }
1958
1959    /// Subscribe to events emitted by another model or view.
1960    /// The entity to which you're subscribing must implement the [`EventEmitter`] trait.
1961    /// The callback will be invoked with a reference to the current view, a handle to the emitting entity (either a [`View`] or [`Model`]), the event, and a view context for the current view.
1962    pub fn subscribe<V2, E, Evt>(
1963        &mut self,
1964        entity: &E,
1965        mut on_event: impl FnMut(&mut V, E, &Evt, &mut ViewContext<'_, V>) + 'static,
1966    ) -> Subscription
1967    where
1968        V2: EventEmitter<Evt>,
1969        E: Entity<V2>,
1970        Evt: 'static,
1971    {
1972        let view = self.view().downgrade();
1973        let entity_id = entity.entity_id();
1974        let handle = entity.downgrade();
1975        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
1976        self.app.new_subscription(
1977            entity_id,
1978            (
1979                TypeId::of::<Evt>(),
1980                Box::new(move |event, cx| {
1981                    window_handle
1982                        .update(cx, |_, cx| {
1983                            if let Some(handle) = E::upgrade_from(&handle) {
1984                                let event = event.downcast_ref().expect("invalid event type");
1985                                view.update(cx, |this, cx| on_event(this, handle, event, cx))
1986                                    .is_ok()
1987                            } else {
1988                                false
1989                            }
1990                        })
1991                        .unwrap_or(false)
1992                }),
1993            ),
1994        )
1995    }
1996
1997    /// Register a callback to be invoked when the view is released.
1998    ///
1999    /// The callback receives a handle to the view's window. This handle may be
2000    /// invalid, if the window was closed before the view was released.
2001    pub fn on_release(
2002        &mut self,
2003        on_release: impl FnOnce(&mut V, AnyWindowHandle, &mut AppContext) + 'static,
2004    ) -> Subscription {
2005        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
2006        let (subscription, activate) = self.app.release_listeners.insert(
2007            self.view.model.entity_id,
2008            Box::new(move |this, cx| {
2009                let this = this.downcast_mut().expect("invalid entity type");
2010                on_release(this, window_handle, cx)
2011            }),
2012        );
2013        activate();
2014        subscription
2015    }
2016
2017    /// Register a callback to be invoked when the given Model or View is released.
2018    pub fn observe_release<V2, E>(
2019        &mut self,
2020        entity: &E,
2021        mut on_release: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut V2, &mut ViewContext<'_, V>) + 'static,
2022    ) -> Subscription
2023    where
2024        V: 'static,
2025        V2: 'static,
2026        E: Entity<V2>,
2027    {
2028        let view = self.view().downgrade();
2029        let entity_id = entity.entity_id();
2030        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
2031        let (subscription, activate) = self.app.release_listeners.insert(
2032            entity_id,
2033            Box::new(move |entity, cx| {
2034                let entity = entity.downcast_mut().expect("invalid entity type");
2035                let _ = window_handle.update(cx, |_, cx| {
2036                    view.update(cx, |this, cx| on_release(this, entity, cx))
2037                });
2038            }),
2039        );
2040        activate();
2041        subscription
2042    }
2043
2044    /// Indicate that this view has changed, which will invoke any observers and also mark the window as dirty.
2045    /// If this view or any of its ancestors are *cached*, notifying it will cause it or its ancestors to be redrawn.
2046    pub fn notify(&mut self) {
2047        for view_id in self
2048            .window
2049            .rendered_frame
2050            .dispatch_tree
2051            .view_path(self.view.entity_id())
2052            .into_iter()
2053            .rev()
2054        {
2055            if !self.window.dirty_views.insert(view_id) {
2056                break;
2057            }
2058        }
2059
2060        if self.window.draw_phase == DrawPhase::None {
2061            self.window_cx.window.dirty.set(true);
2062            self.window_cx.app.push_effect(Effect::Notify {
2063                emitter: self.view.model.entity_id,
2064            });
2065        }
2066    }
2067
2068    /// Register a callback to be invoked when the window is resized.
2069    pub fn observe_window_bounds(
2070        &mut self,
2071        mut callback: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2072    ) -> Subscription {
2073        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2074        let (subscription, activate) = self.window.bounds_observers.insert(
2075            (),
2076            Box::new(move |cx| view.update(cx, |view, cx| callback(view, cx)).is_ok()),
2077        );
2078        activate();
2079        subscription
2080    }
2081
2082    /// Register a callback to be invoked when the window is activated or deactivated.
2083    pub fn observe_window_activation(
2084        &mut self,
2085        mut callback: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2086    ) -> Subscription {
2087        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2088        let (subscription, activate) = self.window.activation_observers.insert(
2089            (),
2090            Box::new(move |cx| view.update(cx, |view, cx| callback(view, cx)).is_ok()),
2091        );
2092        activate();
2093        subscription
2094    }
2095
2096    /// Registers a callback to be invoked when the window appearance changes.
2097    pub fn observe_window_appearance(
2098        &mut self,
2099        mut callback: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2100    ) -> Subscription {
2101        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2102        let (subscription, activate) = self.window.appearance_observers.insert(
2103            (),
2104            Box::new(move |cx| view.update(cx, |view, cx| callback(view, cx)).is_ok()),
2105        );
2106        activate();
2107        subscription
2108    }
2109
2110    /// Register a listener to be called when the given focus handle receives focus.
2111    /// Returns a subscription and persists until the subscription is dropped.
2112    pub fn on_focus(
2113        &mut self,
2114        handle: &FocusHandle,
2115        mut listener: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2116    ) -> Subscription {
2117        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2118        let focus_id = handle.id;
2119        let (subscription, activate) =
2120            self.window.new_focus_listener(Box::new(move |event, cx| {
2121                view.update(cx, |view, cx| {
2122                    if event.previous_focus_path.last() != Some(&focus_id)
2123                        && event.current_focus_path.last() == Some(&focus_id)
2124                    {
2125                        listener(view, cx)
2126                    }
2127                })
2128                .is_ok()
2129            }));
2130        self.app.defer(|_| activate());
2131        subscription
2132    }
2133
2134    /// Register a listener to be called when the given focus handle or one of its descendants receives focus.
2135    /// Returns a subscription and persists until the subscription is dropped.
2136    pub fn on_focus_in(
2137        &mut self,
2138        handle: &FocusHandle,
2139        mut listener: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2140    ) -> Subscription {
2141        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2142        let focus_id = handle.id;
2143        let (subscription, activate) =
2144            self.window.new_focus_listener(Box::new(move |event, cx| {
2145                view.update(cx, |view, cx| {
2146                    if !event.previous_focus_path.contains(&focus_id)
2147                        && event.current_focus_path.contains(&focus_id)
2148                    {
2149                        listener(view, cx)
2150                    }
2151                })
2152                .is_ok()
2153            }));
2154        self.app.defer(move |_| activate());
2155        subscription
2156    }
2157
2158    /// Register a listener to be called when the given focus handle loses focus.
2159    /// Returns a subscription and persists until the subscription is dropped.
2160    pub fn on_blur(
2161        &mut self,
2162        handle: &FocusHandle,
2163        mut listener: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2164    ) -> Subscription {
2165        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2166        let focus_id = handle.id;
2167        let (subscription, activate) =
2168            self.window.new_focus_listener(Box::new(move |event, cx| {
2169                view.update(cx, |view, cx| {
2170                    if event.previous_focus_path.last() == Some(&focus_id)
2171                        && event.current_focus_path.last() != Some(&focus_id)
2172                    {
2173                        listener(view, cx)
2174                    }
2175                })
2176                .is_ok()
2177            }));
2178        self.app.defer(move |_| activate());
2179        subscription
2180    }
2181
2182    /// Register a listener to be called when nothing in the window has focus.
2183    /// This typically happens when the node that was focused is removed from the tree,
2184    /// and this callback lets you chose a default place to restore the users focus.
2185    /// Returns a subscription and persists until the subscription is dropped.
2186    pub fn on_focus_lost(
2187        &mut self,
2188        mut listener: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2189    ) -> Subscription {
2190        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2191        let (subscription, activate) = self.window.focus_lost_listeners.insert(
2192            (),
2193            Box::new(move |cx| view.update(cx, |view, cx| listener(view, cx)).is_ok()),
2194        );
2195        activate();
2196        subscription
2197    }
2198
2199    /// Register a listener to be called when the given focus handle or one of its descendants loses focus.
2200    /// Returns a subscription and persists until the subscription is dropped.
2201    pub fn on_focus_out(
2202        &mut self,
2203        handle: &FocusHandle,
2204        mut listener: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2205    ) -> Subscription {
2206        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2207        let focus_id = handle.id;
2208        let (subscription, activate) =
2209            self.window.new_focus_listener(Box::new(move |event, cx| {
2210                view.update(cx, |view, cx| {
2211                    if event.previous_focus_path.contains(&focus_id)
2212                        && !event.current_focus_path.contains(&focus_id)
2213                    {
2214                        listener(view, cx)
2215                    }
2216                })
2217                .is_ok()
2218            }));
2219        self.app.defer(move |_| activate());
2220        subscription
2221    }
2222
2223    /// Schedule a future to be run asynchronously.
2224    /// The given callback is invoked with a [`WeakView<V>`] to avoid leaking the view for a long-running process.
2225    /// It's also given an [`AsyncWindowContext`], which can be used to access the state of the view across await points.
2226    /// The returned future will be polled on the main thread.
2227    pub fn spawn<Fut, R>(
2228        &mut self,
2229        f: impl FnOnce(WeakView<V>, AsyncWindowContext) -> Fut,
2230    ) -> Task<R>
2231    where
2232        R: 'static,
2233        Fut: Future<Output = R> + 'static,
2234    {
2235        let view = self.view().downgrade();
2236        self.window_cx.spawn(|cx| f(view, cx))
2237    }
2238
2239    /// Updates the global state of the given type.
2240    pub fn update_global<G, R>(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut G, &mut Self) -> R) -> R
2241    where
2242        G: Global,
2243    {
2244        let mut global = self.app.lease_global::<G>();
2245        let result = f(&mut global, self);
2246        self.app.end_global_lease(global);
2247        result
2248    }
2249
2250    /// Register a callback to be invoked when the given global state changes.
2251    pub fn observe_global<G: Global>(
2252        &mut self,
2253        mut f: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<'_, V>) + 'static,
2254    ) -> Subscription {
2255        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
2256        let view = self.view().downgrade();
2257        let (subscription, activate) = self.global_observers.insert(
2258            TypeId::of::<G>(),
2259            Box::new(move |cx| {
2260                window_handle
2261                    .update(cx, |_, cx| view.update(cx, |view, cx| f(view, cx)).is_ok())
2262                    .unwrap_or(false)
2263            }),
2264        );
2265        self.app.defer(move |_| activate());
2266        subscription
2267    }
2268
2269    /// Register a callback to be invoked when the given Action type is dispatched to the window.
2270    pub fn on_action(
2271        &mut self,
2272        action_type: TypeId,
2273        listener: impl Fn(&mut V, &dyn Any, DispatchPhase, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2274    ) {
2275        let handle = self.view().clone();
2276        self.window_cx
2277            .on_action(action_type, move |action, phase, cx| {
2278                handle.update(cx, |view, cx| {
2279                    listener(view, action, phase, cx);
2280                })
2281            });
2282    }
2283
2284    /// Emit an event to be handled any other views that have subscribed via [ViewContext::subscribe].
2285    pub fn emit<Evt>(&mut self, event: Evt)
2286    where
2287        Evt: 'static,
2288        V: EventEmitter<Evt>,
2289    {
2290        let emitter = self.view.model.entity_id;
2291        self.app.push_effect(Effect::Emit {
2292            emitter,
2293            event_type: TypeId::of::<Evt>(),
2294            event: Box::new(event),
2295        });
2296    }
2297
2298    /// Move focus to the current view, assuming it implements [`FocusableView`].
2299    pub fn focus_self(&mut self)
2300    where
2301        V: FocusableView,
2302    {
2303        self.defer(|view, cx| view.focus_handle(cx).focus(cx))
2304    }
2305
2306    /// Convenience method for accessing view state in an event callback.
2307    ///
2308    /// Many GPUI callbacks take the form of `Fn(&E, &mut WindowContext)`,
2309    /// but it's often useful to be able to access view state in these
2310    /// callbacks. This method provides a convenient way to do so.
2311    pub fn listener<E>(
2312        &self,
2313        f: impl Fn(&mut V, &E, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2314    ) -> impl Fn(&E, &mut WindowContext) + 'static {
2315        let view = self.view().downgrade();
2316        move |e: &E, cx: &mut WindowContext| {
2317            view.update(cx, |view, cx| f(view, e, cx)).ok();
2318        }
2319    }
2320}
2321
2322impl<V> Context for ViewContext<'_, V> {
2323    type Result<U> = U;
2324
2325    fn new_model<T: 'static>(
2326        &mut self,
2327        build_model: impl FnOnce(&mut ModelContext<'_, T>) -> T,
2328    ) -> Model<T> {
2329        self.window_cx.new_model(build_model)
2330    }
2331
2332    fn update_model<T: 'static, R>(
2333        &mut self,
2334        model: &Model<T>,
2335        update: impl FnOnce(&mut T, &mut ModelContext<'_, T>) -> R,
2336    ) -> R {
2337        self.window_cx.update_model(model, update)
2338    }
2339
2340    fn update_window<T, F>(&mut self, window: AnyWindowHandle, update: F) -> Result<T>
2341    where
2342        F: FnOnce(AnyView, &mut WindowContext<'_>) -> T,
2343    {
2344        self.window_cx.update_window(window, update)
2345    }
2346
2347    fn read_model<T, R>(
2348        &self,
2349        handle: &Model<T>,
2350        read: impl FnOnce(&T, &AppContext) -> R,
2351    ) -> Self::Result<R>
2352    where
2353        T: 'static,
2354    {
2355        self.window_cx.read_model(handle, read)
2356    }
2357
2358    fn read_window<T, R>(
2359        &self,
2360        window: &WindowHandle<T>,
2361        read: impl FnOnce(View<T>, &AppContext) -> R,
2362    ) -> Result<R>
2363    where
2364        T: 'static,
2365    {
2366        self.window_cx.read_window(window, read)
2367    }
2368}
2369
2370impl<V: 'static> VisualContext for ViewContext<'_, V> {
2371    fn new_view<W: Render + 'static>(
2372        &mut self,
2373        build_view_state: impl FnOnce(&mut ViewContext<'_, W>) -> W,
2374    ) -> Self::Result<View<W>> {
2375        self.window_cx.new_view(build_view_state)
2376    }
2377
2378    fn update_view<V2: 'static, R>(
2379        &mut self,
2380        view: &View<V2>,
2381        update: impl FnOnce(&mut V2, &mut ViewContext<'_, V2>) -> R,
2382    ) -> Self::Result<R> {
2383        self.window_cx.update_view(view, update)
2384    }
2385
2386    fn replace_root_view<W>(
2387        &mut self,
2388        build_view: impl FnOnce(&mut ViewContext<'_, W>) -> W,
2389    ) -> Self::Result<View<W>>
2390    where
2391        W: 'static + Render,
2392    {
2393        self.window_cx.replace_root_view(build_view)
2394    }
2395
2396    fn focus_view<W: FocusableView>(&mut self, view: &View<W>) -> Self::Result<()> {
2397        self.window_cx.focus_view(view)
2398    }
2399
2400    fn dismiss_view<W: ManagedView>(&mut self, view: &View<W>) -> Self::Result<()> {
2401        self.window_cx.dismiss_view(view)
2402    }
2403}
2404
2405impl<'a, V> std::ops::Deref for ViewContext<'a, V> {
2406    type Target = WindowContext<'a>;
2407
2408    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
2409        &self.window_cx
2410    }
2411}
2412
2413impl<'a, V> std::ops::DerefMut for ViewContext<'a, V> {
2414    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
2415        &mut self.window_cx
2416    }
2417}
2418
2419// #[derive(Clone, Copy, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
2420slotmap::new_key_type! {
2421    /// A unique identifier for a window.
2422    pub struct WindowId;
2423}
2424
2425impl WindowId {
2426    /// Converts this window ID to a `u64`.
2427    pub fn as_u64(&self) -> u64 {
2428        self.0.as_ffi()
2429    }
2430}
2431
2432/// A handle to a window with a specific root view type.
2433/// Note that this does not keep the window alive on its own.
2434#[derive(Deref, DerefMut)]
2435pub struct WindowHandle<V> {
2436    #[deref]
2437    #[deref_mut]
2438    pub(crate) any_handle: AnyWindowHandle,
2439    state_type: PhantomData<V>,
2440}
2441
2442impl<V: 'static + Render> WindowHandle<V> {
2443    /// Creates a new handle from a window ID.
2444    /// This does not check if the root type of the window is `V`.
2445    pub fn new(id: WindowId) -> Self {
2446        WindowHandle {
2447            any_handle: AnyWindowHandle {
2448                id,
2449                state_type: TypeId::of::<V>(),
2450            },
2451            state_type: PhantomData,
2452        }
2453    }
2454
2455    /// Get the root view out of this window.
2456    ///
2457    /// This will fail if the window is closed or if the root view's type does not match `V`.
2458    pub fn root<C>(&self, cx: &mut C) -> Result<View<V>>
2459    where
2460        C: Context,
2461    {
2462        Flatten::flatten(cx.update_window(self.any_handle, |root_view, _| {
2463            root_view
2464                .downcast::<V>()
2465                .map_err(|_| anyhow!("the type of the window's root view has changed"))
2466        }))
2467    }
2468
2469    /// Updates the root view of this window.
2470    ///
2471    /// This will fail if the window has been closed or if the root view's type does not match
2472    pub fn update<C, R>(
2473        &self,
2474        cx: &mut C,
2475        update: impl FnOnce(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<'_, V>) -> R,
2476    ) -> Result<R>
2477    where
2478        C: Context,
2479    {
2480        cx.update_window(self.any_handle, |root_view, cx| {
2481            let view = root_view
2482                .downcast::<V>()
2483                .map_err(|_| anyhow!("the type of the window's root view has changed"))?;
2484            Ok(cx.update_view(&view, update))
2485        })?
2486    }
2487
2488    /// Read the root view out of this window.
2489    ///
2490    /// This will fail if the window is closed or if the root view's type does not match `V`.
2491    pub fn read<'a>(&self, cx: &'a AppContext) -> Result<&'a V> {
2492        let x = cx
2493            .windows
2494            .get(self.id)
2495            .and_then(|window| {
2496                window
2497                    .as_ref()
2498                    .and_then(|window| window.root_view.clone())
2499                    .map(|root_view| root_view.downcast::<V>())
2500            })
2501            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("window not found"))?
2502            .map_err(|_| anyhow!("the type of the window's root view has changed"))?;
2503
2504        Ok(x.read(cx))
2505    }
2506
2507    /// Read the root view out of this window, with a callback
2508    ///
2509    /// This will fail if the window is closed or if the root view's type does not match `V`.
2510    pub fn read_with<C, R>(&self, cx: &C, read_with: impl FnOnce(&V, &AppContext) -> R) -> Result<R>
2511    where
2512        C: Context,
2513    {
2514        cx.read_window(self, |root_view, cx| read_with(root_view.read(cx), cx))
2515    }
2516
2517    /// Read the root view pointer off of this window.
2518    ///
2519    /// This will fail if the window is closed or if the root view's type does not match `V`.
2520    pub fn root_view<C>(&self, cx: &C) -> Result<View<V>>
2521    where
2522        C: Context,
2523    {
2524        cx.read_window(self, |root_view, _cx| root_view.clone())
2525    }
2526
2527    /// Check if this window is 'active'.
2528    ///
2529    /// Will return `None` if the window is closed or currently
2530    /// borrowed.
2531    pub fn is_active(&self, cx: &mut AppContext) -> Option<bool> {
2532        cx.update_window(self.any_handle, |_, cx| cx.is_window_active())
2533            .ok()
2534    }
2535}
2536
2537impl<V> Copy for WindowHandle<V> {}
2538
2539impl<V> Clone for WindowHandle<V> {
2540    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
2541        *self
2542    }
2543}
2544
2545impl<V> PartialEq for WindowHandle<V> {
2546    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
2547        self.any_handle == other.any_handle
2548    }
2549}
2550
2551impl<V> Eq for WindowHandle<V> {}
2552
2553impl<V> Hash for WindowHandle<V> {
2554    fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
2555        self.any_handle.hash(state);
2556    }
2557}
2558
2559impl<V: 'static> From<WindowHandle<V>> for AnyWindowHandle {
2560    fn from(val: WindowHandle<V>) -> Self {
2561        val.any_handle
2562    }
2563}
2564
2565/// A handle to a window with any root view type, which can be downcast to a window with a specific root view type.
2566#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
2567pub struct AnyWindowHandle {
2568    pub(crate) id: WindowId,
2569    state_type: TypeId,
2570}
2571
2572impl AnyWindowHandle {
2573    /// Get the ID of this window.
2574    pub fn window_id(&self) -> WindowId {
2575        self.id
2576    }
2577
2578    /// Attempt to convert this handle to a window handle with a specific root view type.
2579    /// If the types do not match, this will return `None`.
2580    pub fn downcast<T: 'static>(&self) -> Option<WindowHandle<T>> {
2581        if TypeId::of::<T>() == self.state_type {
2582            Some(WindowHandle {
2583                any_handle: *self,
2584                state_type: PhantomData,
2585            })
2586        } else {
2587            None
2588        }
2589    }
2590
2591    /// Updates the state of the root view of this window.
2592    ///
2593    /// This will fail if the window has been closed.
2594    pub fn update<C, R>(
2595        self,
2596        cx: &mut C,
2597        update: impl FnOnce(AnyView, &mut WindowContext<'_>) -> R,
2598    ) -> Result<R>
2599    where
2600        C: Context,
2601    {
2602        cx.update_window(self, update)
2603    }
2604
2605    /// Read the state of the root view of this window.
2606    ///
2607    /// This will fail if the window has been closed.
2608    pub fn read<T, C, R>(self, cx: &C, read: impl FnOnce(View<T>, &AppContext) -> R) -> Result<R>
2609    where
2610        C: Context,
2611        T: 'static,
2612    {
2613        let view = self
2614            .downcast::<T>()
2615            .context("the type of the window's root view has changed")?;
2616
2617        cx.read_window(&view, read)
2618    }
2619}
2620
2621/// An identifier for an [`Element`](crate::Element).
2622///
2623/// Can be constructed with a string, a number, or both, as well
2624/// as other internal representations.
2625#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
2626pub enum ElementId {
2627    /// The ID of a View element
2628    View(EntityId),
2629    /// An integer ID.
2630    Integer(usize),
2631    /// A string based ID.
2632    Name(SharedString),
2633    /// An ID that's equated with a focus handle.
2634    FocusHandle(FocusId),
2635    /// A combination of a name and an integer.
2636    NamedInteger(SharedString, usize),
2637}
2638
2639impl Display for ElementId {
2640    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
2641        match self {
2642            ElementId::View(entity_id) => write!(f, "view-{}", entity_id)?,
2643            ElementId::Integer(ix) => write!(f, "{}", ix)?,
2644            ElementId::Name(name) => write!(f, "{}", name)?,
2645            ElementId::FocusHandle(_) => write!(f, "FocusHandle")?,
2646            ElementId::NamedInteger(s, i) => write!(f, "{}-{}", s, i)?,
2647        }
2648
2649        Ok(())
2650    }
2651}
2652
2653impl TryInto<SharedString> for ElementId {
2654    type Error = anyhow::Error;
2655
2656    fn try_into(self) -> anyhow::Result<SharedString> {
2657        if let ElementId::Name(name) = self {
2658            Ok(name)
2659        } else {
2660            Err(anyhow!("element id is not string"))
2661        }
2662    }
2663}
2664
2665impl From<usize> for ElementId {
2666    fn from(id: usize) -> Self {
2667        ElementId::Integer(id)
2668    }
2669}
2670
2671impl From<i32> for ElementId {
2672    fn from(id: i32) -> Self {
2673        Self::Integer(id as usize)
2674    }
2675}
2676
2677impl From<SharedString> for ElementId {
2678    fn from(name: SharedString) -> Self {
2679        ElementId::Name(name)
2680    }
2681}
2682
2683impl From<&'static str> for ElementId {
2684    fn from(name: &'static str) -> Self {
2685        ElementId::Name(name.into())
2686    }
2687}
2688
2689impl<'a> From<&'a FocusHandle> for ElementId {
2690    fn from(handle: &'a FocusHandle) -> Self {
2691        ElementId::FocusHandle(handle.id)
2692    }
2693}
2694
2695impl From<(&'static str, EntityId)> for ElementId {
2696    fn from((name, id): (&'static str, EntityId)) -> Self {
2697        ElementId::NamedInteger(name.into(), id.as_u64() as usize)
2698    }
2699}
2700
2701impl From<(&'static str, usize)> for ElementId {
2702    fn from((name, id): (&'static str, usize)) -> Self {
2703        ElementId::NamedInteger(name.into(), id)
2704    }
2705}
2706
2707impl From<(&'static str, u64)> for ElementId {
2708    fn from((name, id): (&'static str, u64)) -> Self {
2709        ElementId::NamedInteger(name.into(), id as usize)
2710    }
2711}
2712
2713/// A rectangle to be rendered in the window at the given position and size.
2714/// Passed as an argument [`ElementContext::paint_quad`].
2715#[derive(Clone)]
2716pub struct PaintQuad {
2717    bounds: Bounds<Pixels>,
2718    corner_radii: Corners<Pixels>,
2719    background: Hsla,
2720    border_widths: Edges<Pixels>,
2721    border_color: Hsla,
2722}
2723
2724impl PaintQuad {
2725    /// Sets the corner radii of the quad.
2726    pub fn corner_radii(self, corner_radii: impl Into<Corners<Pixels>>) -> Self {
2727        PaintQuad {
2728            corner_radii: corner_radii.into(),
2729            ..self
2730        }
2731    }
2732
2733    /// Sets the border widths of the quad.
2734    pub fn border_widths(self, border_widths: impl Into<Edges<Pixels>>) -> Self {
2735        PaintQuad {
2736            border_widths: border_widths.into(),
2737            ..self
2738        }
2739    }
2740
2741    /// Sets the border color of the quad.
2742    pub fn border_color(self, border_color: impl Into<Hsla>) -> Self {
2743        PaintQuad {
2744            border_color: border_color.into(),
2745            ..self
2746        }
2747    }
2748
2749    /// Sets the background color of the quad.
2750    pub fn background(self, background: impl Into<Hsla>) -> Self {
2751        PaintQuad {
2752            background: background.into(),
2753            ..self
2754        }
2755    }
2756}
2757
2758/// Creates a quad with the given parameters.
2759pub fn quad(
2760    bounds: Bounds<Pixels>,
2761    corner_radii: impl Into<Corners<Pixels>>,
2762    background: impl Into<Hsla>,
2763    border_widths: impl Into<Edges<Pixels>>,
2764    border_color: impl Into<Hsla>,
2765) -> PaintQuad {
2766    PaintQuad {
2767        bounds,
2768        corner_radii: corner_radii.into(),
2769        background: background.into(),
2770        border_widths: border_widths.into(),
2771        border_color: border_color.into(),
2772    }
2773}
2774
2775/// Creates a filled quad with the given bounds and background color.
2776pub fn fill(bounds: impl Into<Bounds<Pixels>>, background: impl Into<Hsla>) -> PaintQuad {
2777    PaintQuad {
2778        bounds: bounds.into(),
2779        corner_radii: (0.).into(),
2780        background: background.into(),
2781        border_widths: (0.).into(),
2782        border_color: transparent_black(),
2783    }
2784}
2785
2786/// Creates a rectangle outline with the given bounds, border color, and a 1px border width
2787pub fn outline(bounds: impl Into<Bounds<Pixels>>, border_color: impl Into<Hsla>) -> PaintQuad {
2788    PaintQuad {
2789        bounds: bounds.into(),
2790        corner_radii: (0.).into(),
2791        background: transparent_black(),
2792        border_widths: (1.).into(),
2793        border_color: border_color.into(),
2794    }
2795}