window.rs

   1#[cfg(any(feature = "inspector", debug_assertions))]
   2use crate::Inspector;
   3use crate::{
   4    A11yCallbacks, Action, AnyDrag, AnyElement, AnyImageCache, AnyTooltip, AnyView, App,
   5    AppContext, Arena, Asset, AsyncWindowContext, AvailableSpace, Background, BorderStyle, Bounds,
   6    BoxShadow, Capslock, Context, Corners, CursorStyle, Decorations, DevicePixels,
   7    DispatchActionListener, DispatchNodeId, DispatchTree, DisplayId, Edges, Effect, Entity,
   8    EntityId, EventEmitter, FileDropEvent, FontId, Global, GlobalElementId, GlyphId, GpuSpecs,
   9    Hsla, InputHandler, IsZero, KeyBinding, KeyContext, KeyDownEvent, KeyEvent, Keystroke,
  10    KeystrokeEvent, LayoutId, LineLayoutIndex, Modifiers, ModifiersChangedEvent, MonochromeSprite,
  11    MouseButton, MouseEvent, MouseMoveEvent, MouseUpEvent, Path, Pixels, PlatformAtlas,
  12    PlatformDisplay, PlatformInput, PlatformInputHandler, PlatformWindow, Point, PolychromeSprite,
  13    Priority, PromptButton, PromptLevel, Quad, Render, RenderGlyphParams, RenderImage,
  14    RenderImageParams, RenderSvgParams, Replay, ResizeEdge, SMOOTH_SVG_SCALE_FACTOR,
  15    SUBPIXEL_VARIANTS_X, SUBPIXEL_VARIANTS_Y, ScaledPixels, Scene, Shadow, SharedString, Size,
  16    StrikethroughStyle, Style, SubpixelSprite, SubscriberSet, Subscription, SystemWindowTab,
  17    SystemWindowTabController, TabStopMap, TaffyLayoutEngine, Task, TextRenderingMode, TextStyle,
  18    TextStyleRefinement, ThermalState, TransformationMatrix, TrivialActionHandler,
  19    TrivialActivationHandler, TrivialDeactivationHandler, Underline, UnderlineStyle,
  20    WindowAppearance, WindowBackgroundAppearance, WindowBounds, WindowControls, WindowDecorations,
  21    WindowOptions, WindowParams, WindowTextSystem, point, prelude::*, px, rems, size,
  22    transparent_black,
  23};
  24use accesskit::{ActionRequest, Role};
  25use anyhow::{Context as _, Result, anyhow};
  26use collections::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
  27#[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
  28use core_video::pixel_buffer::CVPixelBuffer;
  29use derive_more::{Deref, DerefMut};
  30use futures::FutureExt;
  31use futures::StreamExt as _;
  32use futures::channel::{mpsc, oneshot};
  33use gpui_util::post_inc;
  34use gpui_util::{ResultExt, measure};
  35use itertools::FoldWhile::{Continue, Done};
  36use itertools::Itertools;
  37use parking_lot::RwLock;
  38use raw_window_handle::{HandleError, HasDisplayHandle, HasWindowHandle};
  39use refineable::Refineable;
  40use scheduler::Instant;
  41use slotmap::SlotMap;
  42use smallvec::SmallVec;
  43use std::{
  44    any::{Any, TypeId},
  45    borrow::Cow,
  46    cell::{Cell, RefCell},
  47    cmp,
  48    fmt::{Debug, Display},
  49    hash::{Hash, Hasher},
  50    marker::PhantomData,
  51    mem,
  52    ops::{DerefMut, Range},
  53    rc::Rc,
  54    sync::{
  55        Arc, Weak,
  56        atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering::SeqCst},
  57    },
  58    time::Duration,
  59};
  60use uuid::Uuid;
  61
  62mod prompts;
  63
  64use crate::util::atomic_incr_if_not_zero;
  65pub use prompts::*;
  66
  67/// Default window size used when no explicit size is provided.
  68pub const DEFAULT_WINDOW_SIZE: Size<Pixels> = size(px(1536.), px(864.));
  69
  70/// A 6:5 aspect ratio minimum window size to be used for functional,
  71/// additional-to-main-Zed windows, like the settings and rules library windows.
  72pub const DEFAULT_ADDITIONAL_WINDOW_SIZE: Size<Pixels> = Size {
  73    width: Pixels(900.),
  74    height: Pixels(750.),
  75};
  76
  77/// Represents the two different phases when dispatching events.
  78#[derive(Default, Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
  79pub enum DispatchPhase {
  80    /// After the capture phase comes the bubble phase, in which mouse event listeners are
  81    /// invoked front to back and keyboard event listeners are invoked from the focused element
  82    /// to the root of the element tree. This is the phase you'll most commonly want to use when
  83    /// registering event listeners.
  84    #[default]
  85    Bubble,
  86    /// During the initial capture phase, mouse event listeners are invoked back to front, and keyboard
  87    /// listeners are invoked from the root of the tree downward toward the focused element. This phase
  88    /// is used for special purposes such as clearing the "pressed" state for click events. If
  89    /// you stop event propagation during this phase, you need to know what you're doing. Handlers
  90    /// outside of the immediate region may rely on detecting non-local events during this phase.
  91    Capture,
  92}
  93
  94impl DispatchPhase {
  95    /// Returns true if this represents the "bubble" phase.
  96    #[inline]
  97    pub fn bubble(self) -> bool {
  98        self == DispatchPhase::Bubble
  99    }
 100
 101    /// Returns true if this represents the "capture" phase.
 102    #[inline]
 103    pub fn capture(self) -> bool {
 104        self == DispatchPhase::Capture
 105    }
 106}
 107
 108struct WindowInvalidatorInner {
 109    pub dirty: bool,
 110    pub draw_phase: DrawPhase,
 111    pub dirty_views: FxHashSet<EntityId>,
 112}
 113
 114#[derive(Clone)]
 115pub(crate) struct WindowInvalidator {
 116    inner: Rc<RefCell<WindowInvalidatorInner>>,
 117}
 118
 119impl WindowInvalidator {
 120    pub fn new() -> Self {
 121        WindowInvalidator {
 122            inner: Rc::new(RefCell::new(WindowInvalidatorInner {
 123                dirty: true,
 124                draw_phase: DrawPhase::None,
 125                dirty_views: FxHashSet::default(),
 126            })),
 127        }
 128    }
 129
 130    pub fn invalidate_view(&self, entity: EntityId, cx: &mut App) -> bool {
 131        let mut inner = self.inner.borrow_mut();
 132        inner.dirty_views.insert(entity);
 133        if inner.draw_phase == DrawPhase::None {
 134            inner.dirty = true;
 135            cx.push_effect(Effect::Notify { emitter: entity });
 136            true
 137        } else {
 138            false
 139        }
 140    }
 141
 142    pub fn is_dirty(&self) -> bool {
 143        self.inner.borrow().dirty
 144    }
 145
 146    pub fn set_dirty(&self, dirty: bool) {
 147        self.inner.borrow_mut().dirty = dirty
 148    }
 149
 150    pub fn set_phase(&self, phase: DrawPhase) {
 151        self.inner.borrow_mut().draw_phase = phase
 152    }
 153
 154    pub fn take_views(&self) -> FxHashSet<EntityId> {
 155        mem::take(&mut self.inner.borrow_mut().dirty_views)
 156    }
 157
 158    pub fn replace_views(&self, views: FxHashSet<EntityId>) {
 159        self.inner.borrow_mut().dirty_views = views;
 160    }
 161
 162    pub fn not_drawing(&self) -> bool {
 163        self.inner.borrow().draw_phase == DrawPhase::None
 164    }
 165
 166    #[track_caller]
 167    pub fn debug_assert_paint(&self) {
 168        debug_assert!(
 169            matches!(self.inner.borrow().draw_phase, DrawPhase::Paint),
 170            "this method can only be called during paint"
 171        );
 172    }
 173
 174    #[track_caller]
 175    pub fn debug_assert_prepaint(&self) {
 176        debug_assert!(
 177            matches!(self.inner.borrow().draw_phase, DrawPhase::Prepaint),
 178            "this method can only be called during request_layout, or prepaint"
 179        );
 180    }
 181
 182    #[track_caller]
 183    pub fn debug_assert_paint_or_prepaint(&self) {
 184        debug_assert!(
 185            matches!(
 186                self.inner.borrow().draw_phase,
 187                DrawPhase::Paint | DrawPhase::Prepaint
 188            ),
 189            "this method can only be called during request_layout, prepaint, or paint"
 190        );
 191    }
 192}
 193
 194type AnyObserver = Box<dyn FnMut(&mut Window, &mut App) -> bool + 'static>;
 195
 196pub(crate) type AnyWindowFocusListener =
 197    Box<dyn FnMut(&WindowFocusEvent, &mut Window, &mut App) -> bool + 'static>;
 198
 199pub(crate) struct WindowFocusEvent {
 200    pub(crate) previous_focus_path: SmallVec<[FocusId; 8]>,
 201    pub(crate) current_focus_path: SmallVec<[FocusId; 8]>,
 202}
 203
 204impl WindowFocusEvent {
 205    pub fn is_focus_in(&self, focus_id: FocusId) -> bool {
 206        !self.previous_focus_path.contains(&focus_id) && self.current_focus_path.contains(&focus_id)
 207    }
 208
 209    pub fn is_focus_out(&self, focus_id: FocusId) -> bool {
 210        self.previous_focus_path.contains(&focus_id) && !self.current_focus_path.contains(&focus_id)
 211    }
 212}
 213
 214/// This is provided when subscribing for `Context::on_focus_out` events.
 215pub struct FocusOutEvent {
 216    /// A weak focus handle representing what was blurred.
 217    pub blurred: WeakFocusHandle,
 218}
 219
 220slotmap::new_key_type! {
 221    /// A globally unique identifier for a focusable element.
 222    pub struct FocusId;
 223}
 224
 225thread_local! {
 226    /// Fallback arena used when no app-specific arena is active.
 227    /// In production, each window draw sets CURRENT_ELEMENT_ARENA to the app's arena.
 228    pub(crate) static ELEMENT_ARENA: RefCell<Arena> = RefCell::new(Arena::new(1024 * 1024));
 229
 230    /// Points to the current App's element arena during draw operations.
 231    /// This allows multiple test Apps to have isolated arenas, preventing
 232    /// cross-session corruption when the scheduler interleaves their tasks.
 233    static CURRENT_ELEMENT_ARENA: Cell<Option<*const RefCell<Arena>>> = const { Cell::new(None) };
 234}
 235
 236/// Allocates an element in the current arena. Uses the app-specific arena if one
 237/// is active (during draw), otherwise falls back to the thread-local ELEMENT_ARENA.
 238pub(crate) fn with_element_arena<R>(f: impl FnOnce(&mut Arena) -> R) -> R {
 239    CURRENT_ELEMENT_ARENA.with(|current| {
 240        if let Some(arena_ptr) = current.get() {
 241            // SAFETY: The pointer is valid for the duration of the draw operation
 242            // that set it, and we're being called during that same draw.
 243            let arena_cell = unsafe { &*arena_ptr };
 244            f(&mut arena_cell.borrow_mut())
 245        } else {
 246            ELEMENT_ARENA.with_borrow_mut(f)
 247        }
 248    })
 249}
 250
 251/// RAII guard that sets CURRENT_ELEMENT_ARENA for the duration of a draw operation.
 252/// When dropped, restores the previous arena (supporting nested draws).
 253pub(crate) struct ElementArenaScope {
 254    previous: Option<*const RefCell<Arena>>,
 255}
 256
 257impl ElementArenaScope {
 258    /// Enter a scope where element allocations use the given arena.
 259    pub(crate) fn enter(arena: &RefCell<Arena>) -> Self {
 260        let previous = CURRENT_ELEMENT_ARENA.with(|current| {
 261            let prev = current.get();
 262            current.set(Some(arena as *const RefCell<Arena>));
 263            prev
 264        });
 265        Self { previous }
 266    }
 267}
 268
 269impl Drop for ElementArenaScope {
 270    fn drop(&mut self) {
 271        CURRENT_ELEMENT_ARENA.with(|current| {
 272            current.set(self.previous);
 273        });
 274    }
 275}
 276
 277/// Returned when the element arena has been used and so must be cleared before the next draw.
 278#[must_use]
 279pub struct ArenaClearNeeded {
 280    arena: *const RefCell<Arena>,
 281}
 282
 283impl ArenaClearNeeded {
 284    /// Create a new ArenaClearNeeded that will clear the given arena.
 285    pub(crate) fn new(arena: &RefCell<Arena>) -> Self {
 286        Self {
 287            arena: arena as *const RefCell<Arena>,
 288        }
 289    }
 290
 291    /// Clear the element arena.
 292    pub fn clear(self) {
 293        // SAFETY: The arena pointer is valid because ArenaClearNeeded is created
 294        // at the end of draw() and must be cleared before the next draw.
 295        let arena_cell = unsafe { &*self.arena };
 296        arena_cell.borrow_mut().clear();
 297    }
 298}
 299
 300pub(crate) type FocusMap = RwLock<SlotMap<FocusId, FocusRef>>;
 301pub(crate) struct FocusRef {
 302    pub(crate) ref_count: AtomicUsize,
 303    pub(crate) tab_index: isize,
 304    pub(crate) tab_stop: bool,
 305}
 306
 307impl FocusId {
 308    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle is currently focused.
 309    pub fn is_focused(&self, window: &Window) -> bool {
 310        window.focus == Some(*self)
 311    }
 312
 313    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle contains the focused
 314    /// element or is itself focused.
 315    pub fn contains_focused(&self, window: &Window, cx: &App) -> bool {
 316        window
 317            .focused(cx)
 318            .is_some_and(|focused| self.contains(focused.id, window))
 319    }
 320
 321    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle is contained within the
 322    /// focused element or is itself focused.
 323    pub fn within_focused(&self, window: &Window, cx: &App) -> bool {
 324        let focused = window.focused(cx);
 325        focused.is_some_and(|focused| focused.id.contains(*self, window))
 326    }
 327
 328    /// Obtains whether this handle contains the given handle in the most recently rendered frame.
 329    pub(crate) fn contains(&self, other: Self, window: &Window) -> bool {
 330        window
 331            .rendered_frame
 332            .dispatch_tree
 333            .focus_contains(*self, other)
 334    }
 335}
 336
 337/// A handle which can be used to track and manipulate the focused element in a window.
 338pub struct FocusHandle {
 339    pub(crate) id: FocusId,
 340    handles: Arc<FocusMap>,
 341    /// The index of this element in the tab order.
 342    pub tab_index: isize,
 343    /// Whether this element can be focused by tab navigation.
 344    pub tab_stop: bool,
 345}
 346
 347impl std::fmt::Debug for FocusHandle {
 348    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
 349        f.write_fmt(format_args!("FocusHandle({:?})", self.id))
 350    }
 351}
 352
 353impl FocusHandle {
 354    pub(crate) fn new(handles: &Arc<FocusMap>) -> Self {
 355        let id = handles.write().insert(FocusRef {
 356            ref_count: AtomicUsize::new(1),
 357            tab_index: 0,
 358            tab_stop: false,
 359        });
 360
 361        Self {
 362            id,
 363            tab_index: 0,
 364            tab_stop: false,
 365            handles: handles.clone(),
 366        }
 367    }
 368
 369    pub(crate) fn for_id(id: FocusId, handles: &Arc<FocusMap>) -> Option<Self> {
 370        let lock = handles.read();
 371        let focus = lock.get(id)?;
 372        if atomic_incr_if_not_zero(&focus.ref_count) == 0 {
 373            return None;
 374        }
 375        Some(Self {
 376            id,
 377            tab_index: focus.tab_index,
 378            tab_stop: focus.tab_stop,
 379            handles: handles.clone(),
 380        })
 381    }
 382
 383    /// Sets the tab index of the element associated with this handle.
 384    pub fn tab_index(mut self, index: isize) -> Self {
 385        self.tab_index = index;
 386        if let Some(focus) = self.handles.write().get_mut(self.id) {
 387            focus.tab_index = index;
 388        }
 389        self
 390    }
 391
 392    /// Sets whether the element associated with this handle is a tab stop.
 393    ///
 394    /// When `false`, the element will not be included in the tab order.
 395    pub fn tab_stop(mut self, tab_stop: bool) -> Self {
 396        self.tab_stop = tab_stop;
 397        if let Some(focus) = self.handles.write().get_mut(self.id) {
 398            focus.tab_stop = tab_stop;
 399        }
 400        self
 401    }
 402
 403    /// Converts this focus handle into a weak variant, which does not prevent it from being released.
 404    pub fn downgrade(&self) -> WeakFocusHandle {
 405        WeakFocusHandle {
 406            id: self.id,
 407            handles: Arc::downgrade(&self.handles),
 408        }
 409    }
 410
 411    /// Moves the focus to the element associated with this handle.
 412    pub fn focus(&self, window: &mut Window, cx: &mut App) {
 413        window.focus(self, cx)
 414    }
 415
 416    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle is currently focused.
 417    pub fn is_focused(&self, window: &Window) -> bool {
 418        self.id.is_focused(window)
 419    }
 420
 421    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle contains the focused
 422    /// element or is itself focused.
 423    pub fn contains_focused(&self, window: &Window, cx: &App) -> bool {
 424        self.id.contains_focused(window, cx)
 425    }
 426
 427    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle is contained within the
 428    /// focused element or is itself focused.
 429    pub fn within_focused(&self, window: &Window, cx: &mut App) -> bool {
 430        self.id.within_focused(window, cx)
 431    }
 432
 433    /// Obtains whether this handle contains the given handle in the most recently rendered frame.
 434    pub fn contains(&self, other: &Self, window: &Window) -> bool {
 435        self.id.contains(other.id, window)
 436    }
 437
 438    /// Dispatch an action on the element that rendered this focus handle
 439    pub fn dispatch_action(&self, action: &dyn Action, window: &mut Window, cx: &mut App) {
 440        if let Some(node_id) = window
 441            .rendered_frame
 442            .dispatch_tree
 443            .focusable_node_id(self.id)
 444        {
 445            window.dispatch_action_on_node(node_id, action, cx)
 446        }
 447    }
 448}
 449
 450impl Clone for FocusHandle {
 451    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
 452        Self::for_id(self.id, &self.handles).unwrap()
 453    }
 454}
 455
 456impl PartialEq for FocusHandle {
 457    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
 458        self.id == other.id
 459    }
 460}
 461
 462impl Eq for FocusHandle {}
 463
 464impl Drop for FocusHandle {
 465    fn drop(&mut self) {
 466        self.handles
 467            .read()
 468            .get(self.id)
 469            .unwrap()
 470            .ref_count
 471            .fetch_sub(1, SeqCst);
 472    }
 473}
 474
 475/// A weak reference to a focus handle.
 476#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 477pub struct WeakFocusHandle {
 478    pub(crate) id: FocusId,
 479    pub(crate) handles: Weak<FocusMap>,
 480}
 481
 482impl WeakFocusHandle {
 483    /// Attempts to upgrade the [WeakFocusHandle] to a [FocusHandle].
 484    pub fn upgrade(&self) -> Option<FocusHandle> {
 485        let handles = self.handles.upgrade()?;
 486        FocusHandle::for_id(self.id, &handles)
 487    }
 488}
 489
 490impl PartialEq for WeakFocusHandle {
 491    fn eq(&self, other: &WeakFocusHandle) -> bool {
 492        self.id == other.id
 493    }
 494}
 495
 496impl Eq for WeakFocusHandle {}
 497
 498impl PartialEq<FocusHandle> for WeakFocusHandle {
 499    fn eq(&self, other: &FocusHandle) -> bool {
 500        self.id == other.id
 501    }
 502}
 503
 504impl PartialEq<WeakFocusHandle> for FocusHandle {
 505    fn eq(&self, other: &WeakFocusHandle) -> bool {
 506        self.id == other.id
 507    }
 508}
 509
 510/// Focusable allows users of your view to easily
 511/// focus it (using window.focus_view(cx, view))
 512pub trait Focusable: 'static {
 513    /// Returns the focus handle associated with this view.
 514    fn focus_handle(&self, cx: &App) -> FocusHandle;
 515}
 516
 517impl<V: Focusable> Focusable for Entity<V> {
 518    fn focus_handle(&self, cx: &App) -> FocusHandle {
 519        self.read(cx).focus_handle(cx)
 520    }
 521}
 522
 523/// ManagedView is a view (like a Modal, Popover, Menu, etc.)
 524/// where the lifecycle of the view is handled by another view.
 525pub trait ManagedView: Focusable + EventEmitter<DismissEvent> + Render {}
 526
 527impl<M: Focusable + EventEmitter<DismissEvent> + Render> ManagedView for M {}
 528
 529/// Emitted by implementers of [`ManagedView`] to indicate the view should be dismissed, such as when a view is presented as a modal.
 530pub struct DismissEvent;
 531
 532type FrameCallback = Box<dyn FnOnce(&mut Window, &mut App)>;
 533
 534pub(crate) type AnyMouseListener =
 535    Box<dyn FnMut(&dyn Any, DispatchPhase, &mut Window, &mut App) + 'static>;
 536
 537#[derive(Clone)]
 538pub(crate) struct CursorStyleRequest {
 539    pub(crate) hitbox_id: Option<HitboxId>,
 540    pub(crate) style: CursorStyle,
 541}
 542
 543#[derive(Default, Eq, PartialEq)]
 544pub(crate) struct HitTest {
 545    pub(crate) ids: SmallVec<[HitboxId; 8]>,
 546    pub(crate) hover_hitbox_count: usize,
 547}
 548
 549/// A type of window control area that corresponds to the platform window.
 550#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
 551pub enum WindowControlArea {
 552    /// An area that allows dragging of the platform window.
 553    Drag,
 554    /// An area that allows closing of the platform window.
 555    Close,
 556    /// An area that allows maximizing of the platform window.
 557    Max,
 558    /// An area that allows minimizing of the platform window.
 559    Min,
 560}
 561
 562/// An identifier for a [Hitbox] which also includes [HitboxBehavior].
 563#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
 564pub struct HitboxId(u64);
 565
 566impl HitboxId {
 567    /// Checks if the hitbox with this ID is currently hovered. Except when handling
 568    /// `ScrollWheelEvent`, this is typically what you want when determining whether to handle mouse
 569    /// events or paint hover styles.
 570    ///
 571    /// See [`Hitbox::is_hovered`] for details.
 572    pub fn is_hovered(self, window: &Window) -> bool {
 573        // If this hitbox has captured the pointer, it's always considered hovered
 574        if window.captured_hitbox == Some(self) {
 575            return true;
 576        }
 577        let hit_test = &window.mouse_hit_test;
 578        for id in hit_test.ids.iter().take(hit_test.hover_hitbox_count) {
 579            if self == *id {
 580                return true;
 581            }
 582        }
 583        false
 584    }
 585
 586    /// Checks if the hitbox with this ID contains the mouse and should handle scroll events.
 587    /// Typically this should only be used when handling `ScrollWheelEvent`, and otherwise
 588    /// `is_hovered` should be used. See the documentation of `Hitbox::is_hovered` for details about
 589    /// this distinction.
 590    pub fn should_handle_scroll(self, window: &Window) -> bool {
 591        window.mouse_hit_test.ids.contains(&self)
 592    }
 593
 594    fn next(mut self) -> HitboxId {
 595        HitboxId(self.0.wrapping_add(1))
 596    }
 597}
 598
 599/// A rectangular region that potentially blocks hitboxes inserted prior.
 600/// See [Window::insert_hitbox] for more details.
 601#[derive(Clone, Debug, Deref)]
 602pub struct Hitbox {
 603    /// A unique identifier for the hitbox.
 604    pub id: HitboxId,
 605    /// The bounds of the hitbox.
 606    #[deref]
 607    pub bounds: Bounds<Pixels>,
 608    /// The content mask when the hitbox was inserted.
 609    pub content_mask: ContentMask<Pixels>,
 610    /// Flags that specify hitbox behavior.
 611    pub behavior: HitboxBehavior,
 612}
 613
 614impl Hitbox {
 615    /// Checks if the hitbox is currently hovered. Except when handling `ScrollWheelEvent`, this is
 616    /// typically what you want when determining whether to handle mouse events or paint hover
 617    /// styles.
 618    ///
 619    /// This can return `false` even when the hitbox contains the mouse, if a hitbox in front of
 620    /// this sets `HitboxBehavior::BlockMouse` (`InteractiveElement::occlude`) or
 621    /// `HitboxBehavior::BlockMouseExceptScroll` (`InteractiveElement::block_mouse_except_scroll`).
 622    ///
 623    /// Handling of `ScrollWheelEvent` should typically use `should_handle_scroll` instead.
 624    /// Concretely, this is due to use-cases like overlays that cause the elements under to be
 625    /// non-interactive while still allowing scrolling. More abstractly, this is because
 626    /// `is_hovered` is about element interactions directly under the mouse - mouse moves, clicks,
 627    /// hover styling, etc. In contrast, scrolling is about finding the current outer scrollable
 628    /// container.
 629    pub fn is_hovered(&self, window: &Window) -> bool {
 630        self.id.is_hovered(window)
 631    }
 632
 633    /// Checks if the hitbox contains the mouse and should handle scroll events. Typically this
 634    /// should only be used when handling `ScrollWheelEvent`, and otherwise `is_hovered` should be
 635    /// used. See the documentation of `Hitbox::is_hovered` for details about this distinction.
 636    ///
 637    /// This can return `false` even when the hitbox contains the mouse, if a hitbox in front of
 638    /// this sets `HitboxBehavior::BlockMouse` (`InteractiveElement::occlude`).
 639    pub fn should_handle_scroll(&self, window: &Window) -> bool {
 640        self.id.should_handle_scroll(window)
 641    }
 642}
 643
 644/// How the hitbox affects mouse behavior.
 645#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
 646pub enum HitboxBehavior {
 647    /// Normal hitbox mouse behavior, doesn't affect mouse handling for other hitboxes.
 648    #[default]
 649    Normal,
 650
 651    /// All hitboxes behind this hitbox will be ignored and so will have `hitbox.is_hovered() ==
 652    /// false` and `hitbox.should_handle_scroll() == false`. Typically for elements this causes
 653    /// skipping of all mouse events, hover styles, and tooltips. This flag is set by
 654    /// [`InteractiveElement::occlude`].
 655    ///
 656    /// For mouse handlers that check those hitboxes, this behaves the same as registering a
 657    /// bubble-phase handler for every mouse event type:
 658    ///
 659    /// ```ignore
 660    /// window.on_mouse_event(move |_: &EveryMouseEventTypeHere, phase, window, cx| {
 661    ///     if phase == DispatchPhase::Capture && hitbox.is_hovered(window) {
 662    ///         cx.stop_propagation();
 663    ///     }
 664    /// })
 665    /// ```
 666    ///
 667    /// This has effects beyond event handling - any use of hitbox checking, such as hover
 668    /// styles and tooltips. These other behaviors are the main point of this mechanism. An
 669    /// alternative might be to not affect mouse event handling - but this would allow
 670    /// inconsistent UI where clicks and moves interact with elements that are not considered to
 671    /// be hovered.
 672    BlockMouse,
 673
 674    /// All hitboxes behind this hitbox will have `hitbox.is_hovered() == false`, even when
 675    /// `hitbox.should_handle_scroll() == true`. Typically for elements this causes all mouse
 676    /// interaction except scroll events to be ignored - see the documentation of
 677    /// [`Hitbox::is_hovered`] for details. This flag is set by
 678    /// [`InteractiveElement::block_mouse_except_scroll`].
 679    ///
 680    /// For mouse handlers that check those hitboxes, this behaves the same as registering a
 681    /// bubble-phase handler for every mouse event type **except** `ScrollWheelEvent`:
 682    ///
 683    /// ```ignore
 684    /// window.on_mouse_event(move |_: &EveryMouseEventTypeExceptScroll, phase, window, cx| {
 685    ///     if phase == DispatchPhase::Bubble && hitbox.should_handle_scroll(window) {
 686    ///         cx.stop_propagation();
 687    ///     }
 688    /// })
 689    /// ```
 690    ///
 691    /// See the documentation of [`Hitbox::is_hovered`] for details of why `ScrollWheelEvent` is
 692    /// handled differently than other mouse events. If also blocking these scroll events is
 693    /// desired, then a `cx.stop_propagation()` handler like the one above can be used.
 694    ///
 695    /// This has effects beyond event handling - this affects any use of `is_hovered`, such as
 696    /// hover styles and tooltips. These other behaviors are the main point of this mechanism.
 697    /// An alternative might be to not affect mouse event handling - but this would allow
 698    /// inconsistent UI where clicks and moves interact with elements that are not considered to
 699    /// be hovered.
 700    BlockMouseExceptScroll,
 701}
 702
 703/// An identifier for a tooltip.
 704#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Default, Eq, PartialEq)]
 705pub struct TooltipId(usize);
 706
 707impl TooltipId {
 708    /// Checks if the tooltip is currently hovered.
 709    pub fn is_hovered(&self, window: &Window) -> bool {
 710        window
 711            .tooltip_bounds
 712            .as_ref()
 713            .is_some_and(|tooltip_bounds| {
 714                tooltip_bounds.id == *self
 715                    && tooltip_bounds.bounds.contains(&window.mouse_position())
 716            })
 717    }
 718}
 719
 720pub(crate) struct TooltipBounds {
 721    id: TooltipId,
 722    bounds: Bounds<Pixels>,
 723}
 724
 725#[derive(Clone)]
 726pub(crate) struct TooltipRequest {
 727    id: TooltipId,
 728    tooltip: AnyTooltip,
 729}
 730
 731pub(crate) struct DeferredDraw {
 732    current_view: EntityId,
 733    priority: usize,
 734    parent_node: DispatchNodeId,
 735    element_id_stack: SmallVec<[ElementId; 32]>,
 736    text_style_stack: Vec<TextStyleRefinement>,
 737    content_mask: Option<ContentMask<Pixels>>,
 738    rem_size: Pixels,
 739    element: Option<AnyElement>,
 740    absolute_offset: Point<Pixels>,
 741    prepaint_range: Range<PrepaintStateIndex>,
 742    paint_range: Range<PaintIndex>,
 743}
 744
 745pub(crate) struct Frame {
 746    pub(crate) focus: Option<FocusId>,
 747    pub(crate) window_active: bool,
 748    pub(crate) element_states: FxHashMap<(GlobalElementId, TypeId), ElementStateBox>,
 749    accessed_element_states: Vec<(GlobalElementId, TypeId)>,
 750    pub(crate) mouse_listeners: Vec<Option<AnyMouseListener>>,
 751    pub(crate) dispatch_tree: DispatchTree,
 752    pub(crate) scene: Scene,
 753    pub(crate) hitboxes: Vec<Hitbox>,
 754    pub(crate) window_control_hitboxes: Vec<(WindowControlArea, Hitbox)>,
 755    pub(crate) deferred_draws: Vec<DeferredDraw>,
 756    pub(crate) input_handlers: Vec<Option<PlatformInputHandler>>,
 757    pub(crate) tooltip_requests: Vec<Option<TooltipRequest>>,
 758    pub(crate) cursor_styles: Vec<CursorStyleRequest>,
 759    #[cfg(any(test, feature = "test-support"))]
 760    pub(crate) debug_bounds: FxHashMap<String, Bounds<Pixels>>,
 761    #[cfg(any(feature = "inspector", debug_assertions))]
 762    pub(crate) next_inspector_instance_ids: FxHashMap<Rc<crate::InspectorElementPath>, usize>,
 763    #[cfg(any(feature = "inspector", debug_assertions))]
 764    pub(crate) inspector_hitboxes: FxHashMap<HitboxId, crate::InspectorElementId>,
 765    pub(crate) tab_stops: TabStopMap,
 766}
 767
 768#[derive(Clone, Default)]
 769pub(crate) struct PrepaintStateIndex {
 770    hitboxes_index: usize,
 771    tooltips_index: usize,
 772    deferred_draws_index: usize,
 773    dispatch_tree_index: usize,
 774    accessed_element_states_index: usize,
 775    line_layout_index: LineLayoutIndex,
 776}
 777
 778#[derive(Clone, Default)]
 779pub(crate) struct PaintIndex {
 780    scene_index: usize,
 781    mouse_listeners_index: usize,
 782    input_handlers_index: usize,
 783    cursor_styles_index: usize,
 784    accessed_element_states_index: usize,
 785    tab_handle_index: usize,
 786    line_layout_index: LineLayoutIndex,
 787}
 788
 789impl Frame {
 790    pub(crate) fn new(dispatch_tree: DispatchTree) -> Self {
 791        Frame {
 792            focus: None,
 793            window_active: false,
 794            element_states: FxHashMap::default(),
 795            accessed_element_states: Vec::new(),
 796            mouse_listeners: Vec::new(),
 797            dispatch_tree,
 798            scene: Scene::default(),
 799            hitboxes: Vec::new(),
 800            window_control_hitboxes: Vec::new(),
 801            deferred_draws: Vec::new(),
 802            input_handlers: Vec::new(),
 803            tooltip_requests: Vec::new(),
 804            cursor_styles: Vec::new(),
 805
 806            #[cfg(any(test, feature = "test-support"))]
 807            debug_bounds: FxHashMap::default(),
 808
 809            #[cfg(any(feature = "inspector", debug_assertions))]
 810            next_inspector_instance_ids: FxHashMap::default(),
 811
 812            #[cfg(any(feature = "inspector", debug_assertions))]
 813            inspector_hitboxes: FxHashMap::default(),
 814            tab_stops: TabStopMap::default(),
 815        }
 816    }
 817
 818    pub(crate) fn clear(&mut self) {
 819        self.element_states.clear();
 820        self.accessed_element_states.clear();
 821        self.mouse_listeners.clear();
 822        self.dispatch_tree.clear();
 823        self.scene.clear();
 824        self.input_handlers.clear();
 825        self.tooltip_requests.clear();
 826        self.cursor_styles.clear();
 827        self.hitboxes.clear();
 828        self.window_control_hitboxes.clear();
 829        self.deferred_draws.clear();
 830        self.tab_stops.clear();
 831        self.focus = None;
 832
 833        #[cfg(any(test, feature = "test-support"))]
 834        {
 835            self.debug_bounds.clear();
 836        }
 837
 838        #[cfg(any(feature = "inspector", debug_assertions))]
 839        {
 840            self.next_inspector_instance_ids.clear();
 841            self.inspector_hitboxes.clear();
 842        }
 843    }
 844
 845    pub(crate) fn cursor_style(&self, window: &Window) -> Option<CursorStyle> {
 846        self.cursor_styles
 847            .iter()
 848            .rev()
 849            .fold_while(None, |style, request| match request.hitbox_id {
 850                None => Done(Some(request.style)),
 851                Some(hitbox_id) => Continue(
 852                    style.or_else(|| hitbox_id.is_hovered(window).then_some(request.style)),
 853                ),
 854            })
 855            .into_inner()
 856    }
 857
 858    pub(crate) fn hit_test(&self, position: Point<Pixels>) -> HitTest {
 859        let mut set_hover_hitbox_count = false;
 860        let mut hit_test = HitTest::default();
 861        for hitbox in self.hitboxes.iter().rev() {
 862            let bounds = hitbox.bounds.intersect(&hitbox.content_mask.bounds);
 863            if bounds.contains(&position) {
 864                hit_test.ids.push(hitbox.id);
 865                if !set_hover_hitbox_count
 866                    && hitbox.behavior == HitboxBehavior::BlockMouseExceptScroll
 867                {
 868                    hit_test.hover_hitbox_count = hit_test.ids.len();
 869                    set_hover_hitbox_count = true;
 870                }
 871                if hitbox.behavior == HitboxBehavior::BlockMouse {
 872                    break;
 873                }
 874            }
 875        }
 876        if !set_hover_hitbox_count {
 877            hit_test.hover_hitbox_count = hit_test.ids.len();
 878        }
 879        hit_test
 880    }
 881
 882    pub(crate) fn focus_path(&self) -> SmallVec<[FocusId; 8]> {
 883        self.focus
 884            .map(|focus_id| self.dispatch_tree.focus_path(focus_id))
 885            .unwrap_or_default()
 886    }
 887
 888    pub(crate) fn finish(&mut self, prev_frame: &mut Self) {
 889        for element_state_key in &self.accessed_element_states {
 890            if let Some((element_state_key, element_state)) =
 891                prev_frame.element_states.remove_entry(element_state_key)
 892            {
 893                self.element_states.insert(element_state_key, element_state);
 894            }
 895        }
 896
 897        self.scene.finish();
 898    }
 899}
 900
 901#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Ord, PartialOrd)]
 902enum InputModality {
 903    Mouse,
 904    Keyboard,
 905}
 906
 907/// Holds the state for a specific window.
 908pub struct Window {
 909    pub(crate) handle: AnyWindowHandle,
 910    pub(crate) invalidator: WindowInvalidator,
 911    pub(crate) removed: bool,
 912    pub(crate) platform_window: Box<dyn PlatformWindow>,
 913    display_id: Option<DisplayId>,
 914    sprite_atlas: Arc<dyn PlatformAtlas>,
 915    text_system: Arc<WindowTextSystem>,
 916    text_rendering_mode: Rc<Cell<TextRenderingMode>>,
 917    rem_size: Pixels,
 918    /// The stack of override values for the window's rem size.
 919    ///
 920    /// This is used by `with_rem_size` to allow rendering an element tree with
 921    /// a given rem size.
 922    rem_size_override_stack: SmallVec<[Pixels; 8]>,
 923    pub(crate) viewport_size: Size<Pixels>,
 924    layout_engine: Option<TaffyLayoutEngine>,
 925    pub(crate) root: Option<AnyView>,
 926    pub(crate) element_id_stack: SmallVec<[ElementId; 32]>,
 927    pub(crate) text_style_stack: Vec<TextStyleRefinement>,
 928    pub(crate) rendered_entity_stack: Vec<EntityId>,
 929    pub(crate) element_offset_stack: Vec<Point<Pixels>>,
 930    pub(crate) element_opacity: f32,
 931    pub(crate) content_mask_stack: Vec<ContentMask<Pixels>>,
 932    pub(crate) requested_autoscroll: Option<Bounds<Pixels>>,
 933    pub(crate) image_cache_stack: Vec<AnyImageCache>,
 934    pub(crate) rendered_frame: Frame,
 935    pub(crate) next_frame: Frame,
 936    next_hitbox_id: HitboxId,
 937    pub(crate) next_tooltip_id: TooltipId,
 938    pub(crate) tooltip_bounds: Option<TooltipBounds>,
 939    next_frame_callbacks: Rc<RefCell<Vec<FrameCallback>>>,
 940    pub(crate) dirty_views: FxHashSet<EntityId>,
 941    focus_listeners: SubscriberSet<(), AnyWindowFocusListener>,
 942    pub(crate) focus_lost_listeners: SubscriberSet<(), AnyObserver>,
 943    default_prevented: bool,
 944    mouse_position: Point<Pixels>,
 945    mouse_hit_test: HitTest,
 946    modifiers: Modifiers,
 947    capslock: Capslock,
 948    scale_factor: f32,
 949    pub(crate) bounds_observers: SubscriberSet<(), AnyObserver>,
 950    appearance: WindowAppearance,
 951    pub(crate) appearance_observers: SubscriberSet<(), AnyObserver>,
 952    active: Rc<Cell<bool>>,
 953    hovered: Rc<Cell<bool>>,
 954    pub(crate) needs_present: Rc<Cell<bool>>,
 955    /// Tracks recent input event timestamps to determine if input is arriving at a high rate.
 956    /// Used to selectively enable VRR optimization only when input rate exceeds 60fps.
 957    pub(crate) input_rate_tracker: Rc<RefCell<InputRateTracker>>,
 958    last_input_modality: InputModality,
 959    pub(crate) refreshing: bool,
 960    pub(crate) activation_observers: SubscriberSet<(), AnyObserver>,
 961    pub(crate) focus: Option<FocusId>,
 962    focus_enabled: bool,
 963    pending_input: Option<PendingInput>,
 964    pending_modifier: ModifierState,
 965    pub(crate) pending_input_observers: SubscriberSet<(), AnyObserver>,
 966    prompt: Option<RenderablePromptHandle>,
 967    pub(crate) client_inset: Option<Pixels>,
 968    pub(crate) a11y_nodes: A11yNodes,
 969    pub(crate) a11y_click_listeners: FxHashMap<accesskit::NodeId, Vec<crate::ClickListener>>,
 970    pub(crate) a11y_focus_ids: FxHashMap<accesskit::NodeId, FocusId>,
 971    /// The hitbox that has captured the pointer, if any.
 972    /// While captured, mouse events route to this hitbox regardless of hit testing.
 973    captured_hitbox: Option<HitboxId>,
 974    #[cfg(any(feature = "inspector", debug_assertions))]
 975    inspector: Option<Entity<Inspector>>,
 976}
 977
 978pub(crate) use a11y::A11yNodes;
 979mod a11y {
 980    use super::*;
 981
 982    /// Arbitrary constant
 983    const ROOT_ID: accesskit::NodeId = accesskit::NodeId(0);
 984
 985    /// A stack of accesskit nodes that remembers all nodes its seen
 986    pub(crate) struct A11yNodes {
 987        // `ids` and `nodes` are kept in sync - always have the same number of
 988        // elements.
 989        ids_stack: SmallVec<[accesskit::NodeId; 32]>,
 990        nodes_stack: SmallVec<[accesskit::Node; 32]>,
 991        // no smallvec because we pass this directly to accesskit
 992        all_nodes: Vec<(accesskit::NodeId, accesskit::Node)>,
 993        focused: Option<accesskit::NodeId>,
 994    }
 995
 996    impl A11yNodes {
 997        pub fn new() -> Self {
 998            Self {
 999                ids_stack: SmallVec::new(),
1000                nodes_stack: SmallVec::new(),
1001                all_nodes: Vec::new(),
1002                focused: None,
1003            }
1004        }
1005
1006        /// Information needed to initialize accesskit
1007        pub fn tree(&self) -> accesskit::Tree {
1008            accesskit::Tree {
1009                root: ROOT_ID,
1010                toolkit_name: Some("GPUI".to_string()),
1011                toolkit_version: Some("fixme".to_string()), // todo!
1012            }
1013        }
1014
1015        pub fn root_node(&self) -> (accesskit::NodeId, accesskit::Node) {
1016            (ROOT_ID, accesskit::Node::new(Role::Window))
1017        }
1018
1019        pub fn set_focused(&mut self, node_id: accesskit::NodeId) {
1020            self.focused = Some(node_id);
1021        }
1022
1023        pub fn current_node_id(&self) -> Option<accesskit::NodeId> {
1024            self.ids_stack.last().copied()
1025        }
1026
1027        pub fn push(&mut self, id: accesskit::NodeId, node: accesskit::Node) {
1028            self.ids_stack.push(id);
1029            self.nodes_stack.push(node);
1030        }
1031
1032        pub fn push_root(&mut self) {
1033            debug_assert!(self.ids_stack.is_empty());
1034            debug_assert!(self.nodes_stack.is_empty());
1035            debug_assert!(self.all_nodes.is_empty());
1036
1037            let (id, node) = self.root_node();
1038            self.push(id, node);
1039        }
1040
1041        pub fn pop(&mut self) -> Option<accesskit::NodeId> {
1042            match (self.ids_stack.pop(), self.nodes_stack.pop()) {
1043                (None, None) => None,
1044                (Some(id), Some(node)) => {
1045                    // node has all children now, safe to add to final list
1046                    self.all_nodes.push((id, node));
1047                    Some(id)
1048                }
1049                _ => unreachable!("ids and nodes have different lengths"),
1050            }
1051        }
1052
1053        pub fn peek_mut(&mut self) -> Option<(accesskit::NodeId, &mut accesskit::Node)> {
1054            match (self.ids_stack.last(), self.nodes_stack.last_mut()) {
1055                (None, None) => None,
1056                (Some(id), Some(node)) => Some((*id, node)),
1057                _ => unreachable!("ids and nodes have different lengths"),
1058            }
1059        }
1060
1061        /// Pops the root node, and returns the full node list and current focused node.
1062        pub fn finalize(&mut self) -> accesskit::TreeUpdate {
1063            let root_id = self.pop();
1064            debug_assert_eq!(root_id, Some(ROOT_ID));
1065
1066            // The stacks should be empty, otherwise we are pushing nodes that we
1067            // are forgetting to pop.
1068            debug_assert!(self.ids_stack.is_empty());
1069            debug_assert!(self.nodes_stack.is_empty());
1070
1071            self.ids_stack.clear();
1072            self.nodes_stack.clear();
1073
1074            let nodes = std::mem::take(&mut self.all_nodes);
1075            let focused = self.focused.take().unwrap_or(ROOT_ID);
1076
1077            accesskit::TreeUpdate {
1078                nodes,
1079                tree_id: accesskit::TreeId::ROOT,
1080                focus: focused,
1081                tree: None,
1082            }
1083        }
1084    }
1085}
1086
1087#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default)]
1088struct ModifierState {
1089    modifiers: Modifiers,
1090    saw_keystroke: bool,
1091}
1092
1093/// Tracks input event timestamps to determine if input is arriving at a high rate.
1094/// Used for selective VRR (Variable Refresh Rate) optimization.
1095#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
1096pub(crate) struct InputRateTracker {
1097    timestamps: Vec<Instant>,
1098    window: Duration,
1099    inputs_per_second: u32,
1100    sustain_until: Instant,
1101    sustain_duration: Duration,
1102}
1103
1104impl Default for InputRateTracker {
1105    fn default() -> Self {
1106        Self {
1107            timestamps: Vec::new(),
1108            window: Duration::from_millis(100),
1109            inputs_per_second: 60,
1110            sustain_until: Instant::now(),
1111            sustain_duration: Duration::from_secs(1),
1112        }
1113    }
1114}
1115
1116impl InputRateTracker {
1117    pub fn record_input(&mut self) {
1118        let now = Instant::now();
1119        self.timestamps.push(now);
1120        self.prune_old_timestamps(now);
1121
1122        let min_events = self.inputs_per_second as u128 * self.window.as_millis() / 1000;
1123        if self.timestamps.len() as u128 >= min_events {
1124            self.sustain_until = now + self.sustain_duration;
1125        }
1126    }
1127
1128    pub fn is_high_rate(&self) -> bool {
1129        Instant::now() < self.sustain_until
1130    }
1131
1132    fn prune_old_timestamps(&mut self, now: Instant) {
1133        self.timestamps
1134            .retain(|&t| now.duration_since(t) <= self.window);
1135    }
1136}
1137
1138#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
1139pub(crate) enum DrawPhase {
1140    None,
1141    Prepaint,
1142    Paint,
1143    Focus,
1144}
1145
1146#[derive(Default, Debug)]
1147struct PendingInput {
1148    keystrokes: SmallVec<[Keystroke; 1]>,
1149    focus: Option<FocusId>,
1150    timer: Option<Task<()>>,
1151    needs_timeout: bool,
1152}
1153
1154pub(crate) struct ElementStateBox {
1155    pub(crate) inner: Box<dyn Any>,
1156    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
1157    pub(crate) type_name: &'static str,
1158}
1159
1160fn default_bounds(display_id: Option<DisplayId>, cx: &mut App) -> WindowBounds {
1161    // TODO, BUG: if you open a window with the currently active window
1162    // on the stack, this will erroneously fallback to `None`
1163    //
1164    // TODO these should be the initial window bounds not considering maximized/fullscreen
1165    let active_window_bounds = cx
1166        .active_window()
1167        .and_then(|w| w.update(cx, |_, window, _| window.window_bounds()).ok());
1168
1169    const CASCADE_OFFSET: f32 = 25.0;
1170
1171    let display = display_id
1172        .map(|id| cx.find_display(id))
1173        .unwrap_or_else(|| cx.primary_display());
1174
1175    let default_placement = || Bounds::new(point(px(0.), px(0.)), DEFAULT_WINDOW_SIZE);
1176
1177    // Use visible_bounds to exclude taskbar/dock areas
1178    let display_bounds = display
1179        .as_ref()
1180        .map(|d| d.visible_bounds())
1181        .unwrap_or_else(default_placement);
1182
1183    let (
1184        Bounds {
1185            origin: base_origin,
1186            size: base_size,
1187        },
1188        window_bounds_ctor,
1189    ): (_, fn(Bounds<Pixels>) -> WindowBounds) = match active_window_bounds {
1190        Some(bounds) => match bounds {
1191            WindowBounds::Windowed(bounds) => (bounds, WindowBounds::Windowed),
1192            WindowBounds::Maximized(bounds) => (bounds, WindowBounds::Maximized),
1193            WindowBounds::Fullscreen(bounds) => (bounds, WindowBounds::Fullscreen),
1194        },
1195        None => (
1196            display
1197                .as_ref()
1198                .map(|d| d.default_bounds())
1199                .unwrap_or_else(default_placement),
1200            WindowBounds::Windowed,
1201        ),
1202    };
1203
1204    let cascade_offset = point(px(CASCADE_OFFSET), px(CASCADE_OFFSET));
1205    let proposed_origin = base_origin + cascade_offset;
1206    let proposed_bounds = Bounds::new(proposed_origin, base_size);
1207
1208    let display_right = display_bounds.origin.x + display_bounds.size.width;
1209    let display_bottom = display_bounds.origin.y + display_bounds.size.height;
1210    let window_right = proposed_bounds.origin.x + proposed_bounds.size.width;
1211    let window_bottom = proposed_bounds.origin.y + proposed_bounds.size.height;
1212
1213    let fits_horizontally = window_right <= display_right;
1214    let fits_vertically = window_bottom <= display_bottom;
1215
1216    let final_origin = match (fits_horizontally, fits_vertically) {
1217        (true, true) => proposed_origin,
1218        (false, true) => point(display_bounds.origin.x, base_origin.y),
1219        (true, false) => point(base_origin.x, display_bounds.origin.y),
1220        (false, false) => display_bounds.origin,
1221    };
1222    window_bounds_ctor(Bounds::new(final_origin, base_size))
1223}
1224
1225impl Window {
1226    pub(crate) fn new(
1227        handle: AnyWindowHandle,
1228        options: WindowOptions,
1229        cx: &mut App,
1230    ) -> Result<Self> {
1231        let WindowOptions {
1232            window_bounds,
1233            titlebar,
1234            focus,
1235            show,
1236            kind,
1237            is_movable,
1238            is_resizable,
1239            is_minimizable,
1240            display_id,
1241            window_background,
1242            app_id,
1243            window_min_size,
1244            window_decorations,
1245            #[cfg_attr(not(target_os = "macos"), allow(unused_variables))]
1246            tabbing_identifier,
1247        } = options;
1248
1249        let window_bounds = window_bounds.unwrap_or_else(|| default_bounds(display_id, cx));
1250        let mut platform_window = cx.platform.open_window(
1251            handle,
1252            WindowParams {
1253                bounds: window_bounds.get_bounds(),
1254                titlebar,
1255                kind,
1256                is_movable,
1257                is_resizable,
1258                is_minimizable,
1259                focus,
1260                show,
1261                display_id,
1262                window_min_size,
1263                #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
1264                tabbing_identifier,
1265            },
1266        )?;
1267
1268        let a11y_nodes = A11yNodes::new();
1269
1270        let initial_tree_update = accesskit::TreeUpdate {
1271            focus: 0.into(),
1272            nodes: vec![a11y_nodes.root_node()],
1273            tree: Some(a11y_nodes.tree()),
1274            tree_id: accesskit::TreeId::ROOT,
1275        };
1276        let (a11y_action_tx, a11y_action_rx) = mpsc::unbounded::<ActionRequest>();
1277        platform_window.a11y_init(A11yCallbacks {
1278            activation: TrivialActivationHandler(Box::new(move || {
1279                Some(initial_tree_update.clone())
1280            })),
1281            action: TrivialActionHandler(Box::new(move |request| {
1282                a11y_action_tx.unbounded_send(request).log_err();
1283            })),
1284            deactivation: TrivialDeactivationHandler(Box::new(|| {})),
1285        });
1286
1287        cx.spawn(async move |cx| {
1288            let mut a11y_action_rx = a11y_action_rx;
1289            while let Some(request) = a11y_action_rx.next().await {
1290                handle
1291                    .update(cx, |_, window, cx| {
1292                        window.handle_a11y_action(request, cx);
1293                    })
1294                    .log_err();
1295            }
1296        })
1297        .detach();
1298
1299        let tab_bar_visible = platform_window.tab_bar_visible();
1300        SystemWindowTabController::init_visible(cx, tab_bar_visible);
1301        if let Some(tabs) = platform_window.tabbed_windows() {
1302            SystemWindowTabController::add_tab(cx, handle.window_id(), tabs);
1303        }
1304
1305        let display_id = platform_window.display().map(|display| display.id());
1306        let sprite_atlas = platform_window.sprite_atlas();
1307        let mouse_position = platform_window.mouse_position();
1308        let modifiers = platform_window.modifiers();
1309        let capslock = platform_window.capslock();
1310        let content_size = platform_window.content_size();
1311        let scale_factor = platform_window.scale_factor();
1312        let appearance = platform_window.appearance();
1313        let text_system = Arc::new(WindowTextSystem::new(cx.text_system().clone()));
1314        let invalidator = WindowInvalidator::new();
1315        let active = Rc::new(Cell::new(platform_window.is_active()));
1316        let hovered = Rc::new(Cell::new(platform_window.is_hovered()));
1317        let needs_present = Rc::new(Cell::new(false));
1318        let next_frame_callbacks: Rc<RefCell<Vec<FrameCallback>>> = Default::default();
1319        let input_rate_tracker = Rc::new(RefCell::new(InputRateTracker::default()));
1320        let last_frame_time = Rc::new(Cell::new(None));
1321
1322        platform_window
1323            .request_decorations(window_decorations.unwrap_or(WindowDecorations::Server));
1324        platform_window.set_background_appearance(window_background);
1325
1326        match window_bounds {
1327            WindowBounds::Fullscreen(_) => platform_window.toggle_fullscreen(),
1328            WindowBounds::Maximized(_) => platform_window.zoom(),
1329            WindowBounds::Windowed(_) => {}
1330        }
1331
1332        platform_window.on_close(Box::new({
1333            let window_id = handle.window_id();
1334            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
1335            move || {
1336                let _ = handle.update(&mut cx, |_, window, _| window.remove_window());
1337                let _ = cx.update(|cx| {
1338                    SystemWindowTabController::remove_tab(cx, window_id);
1339                });
1340            }
1341        }));
1342        platform_window.on_request_frame(Box::new({
1343            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
1344            let invalidator = invalidator.clone();
1345            let active = active.clone();
1346            let needs_present = needs_present.clone();
1347            let next_frame_callbacks = next_frame_callbacks.clone();
1348            let input_rate_tracker = input_rate_tracker.clone();
1349            move |request_frame_options| {
1350                let thermal_state = handle
1351                    .update(&mut cx, |_, _, cx| cx.thermal_state())
1352                    .log_err();
1353
1354                if thermal_state == Some(ThermalState::Serious)
1355                    || thermal_state == Some(ThermalState::Critical)
1356                {
1357                    let now = Instant::now();
1358                    let last_frame_time = last_frame_time.replace(Some(now));
1359
1360                    if let Some(last_frame) = last_frame_time
1361                        && now.duration_since(last_frame) < Duration::from_micros(16667)
1362                    {
1363                        return;
1364                    }
1365                }
1366
1367                let next_frame_callbacks = next_frame_callbacks.take();
1368                if !next_frame_callbacks.is_empty() {
1369                    handle
1370                        .update(&mut cx, |_, window, cx| {
1371                            for callback in next_frame_callbacks {
1372                                callback(window, cx);
1373                            }
1374                        })
1375                        .log_err();
1376                }
1377
1378                // Keep presenting if input was recently arriving at a high rate (>= 60fps).
1379                // Once high-rate input is detected, we sustain presentation for 1 second
1380                // to prevent display underclocking during active input.
1381                let needs_present = request_frame_options.require_presentation
1382                    || needs_present.get()
1383                    || (active.get() && input_rate_tracker.borrow_mut().is_high_rate());
1384
1385                if invalidator.is_dirty() || request_frame_options.force_render {
1386                    measure("frame duration", || {
1387                        handle
1388                            .update(&mut cx, |_, window, cx| {
1389                                let arena_clear_needed = window.draw(cx);
1390                                window.present();
1391                                arena_clear_needed.clear();
1392                            })
1393                            .log_err();
1394                    })
1395                } else if needs_present {
1396                    handle
1397                        .update(&mut cx, |_, window, _| window.present())
1398                        .log_err();
1399                }
1400
1401                handle
1402                    .update(&mut cx, |_, window, _| {
1403                        window.complete_frame();
1404                    })
1405                    .log_err();
1406            }
1407        }));
1408        platform_window.on_resize(Box::new({
1409            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
1410            move |_, _| {
1411                handle
1412                    .update(&mut cx, |_, window, cx| window.bounds_changed(cx))
1413                    .log_err();
1414            }
1415        }));
1416        platform_window.on_moved(Box::new({
1417            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
1418            move || {
1419                handle
1420                    .update(&mut cx, |_, window, cx| window.bounds_changed(cx))
1421                    .log_err();
1422            }
1423        }));
1424        platform_window.on_appearance_changed(Box::new({
1425            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
1426            move || {
1427                handle
1428                    .update(&mut cx, |_, window, cx| window.appearance_changed(cx))
1429                    .log_err();
1430            }
1431        }));
1432        platform_window.on_active_status_change(Box::new({
1433            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
1434            move |active| {
1435                handle
1436                    .update(&mut cx, |_, window, cx| {
1437                        window.active.set(active);
1438                        window.modifiers = window.platform_window.modifiers();
1439                        window.capslock = window.platform_window.capslock();
1440                        window
1441                            .activation_observers
1442                            .clone()
1443                            .retain(&(), |callback| callback(window, cx));
1444
1445                        window.bounds_changed(cx);
1446                        window.refresh();
1447
1448                        SystemWindowTabController::update_last_active(cx, window.handle.id);
1449                    })
1450                    .log_err();
1451            }
1452        }));
1453        platform_window.on_hover_status_change(Box::new({
1454            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
1455            move |active| {
1456                handle
1457                    .update(&mut cx, |_, window, _| {
1458                        window.hovered.set(active);
1459                        window.refresh();
1460                    })
1461                    .log_err();
1462            }
1463        }));
1464        platform_window.on_input({
1465            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
1466            Box::new(move |event| {
1467                handle
1468                    .update(&mut cx, |_, window, cx| window.dispatch_event(event, cx))
1469                    .log_err()
1470                    .unwrap_or(DispatchEventResult::default())
1471            })
1472        });
1473        platform_window.on_hit_test_window_control({
1474            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
1475            Box::new(move || {
1476                handle
1477                    .update(&mut cx, |_, window, _cx| {
1478                        for (area, hitbox) in &window.rendered_frame.window_control_hitboxes {
1479                            if window.mouse_hit_test.ids.contains(&hitbox.id) {
1480                                return Some(*area);
1481                            }
1482                        }
1483                        None
1484                    })
1485                    .log_err()
1486                    .unwrap_or(None)
1487            })
1488        });
1489        platform_window.on_move_tab_to_new_window({
1490            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
1491            Box::new(move || {
1492                handle
1493                    .update(&mut cx, |_, _window, cx| {
1494                        SystemWindowTabController::move_tab_to_new_window(cx, handle.window_id());
1495                    })
1496                    .log_err();
1497            })
1498        });
1499        platform_window.on_merge_all_windows({
1500            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
1501            Box::new(move || {
1502                handle
1503                    .update(&mut cx, |_, _window, cx| {
1504                        SystemWindowTabController::merge_all_windows(cx, handle.window_id());
1505                    })
1506                    .log_err();
1507            })
1508        });
1509        platform_window.on_select_next_tab({
1510            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
1511            Box::new(move || {
1512                handle
1513                    .update(&mut cx, |_, _window, cx| {
1514                        SystemWindowTabController::select_next_tab(cx, handle.window_id());
1515                    })
1516                    .log_err();
1517            })
1518        });
1519        platform_window.on_select_previous_tab({
1520            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
1521            Box::new(move || {
1522                handle
1523                    .update(&mut cx, |_, _window, cx| {
1524                        SystemWindowTabController::select_previous_tab(cx, handle.window_id())
1525                    })
1526                    .log_err();
1527            })
1528        });
1529        platform_window.on_toggle_tab_bar({
1530            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
1531            Box::new(move || {
1532                handle
1533                    .update(&mut cx, |_, window, cx| {
1534                        let tab_bar_visible = window.platform_window.tab_bar_visible();
1535                        SystemWindowTabController::set_visible(cx, tab_bar_visible);
1536                    })
1537                    .log_err();
1538            })
1539        });
1540
1541        if let Some(app_id) = app_id {
1542            platform_window.set_app_id(&app_id);
1543        }
1544
1545        platform_window.map_window().unwrap();
1546
1547        Ok(Window {
1548            handle,
1549            invalidator,
1550            removed: false,
1551            platform_window,
1552            display_id,
1553            sprite_atlas,
1554            text_system,
1555            text_rendering_mode: cx.text_rendering_mode.clone(),
1556            rem_size: px(16.),
1557            rem_size_override_stack: SmallVec::new(),
1558            viewport_size: content_size,
1559            layout_engine: Some(TaffyLayoutEngine::new()),
1560            root: None,
1561            element_id_stack: SmallVec::default(),
1562            a11y_nodes,
1563            text_style_stack: Vec::new(),
1564            rendered_entity_stack: Vec::new(),
1565            element_offset_stack: Vec::new(),
1566            content_mask_stack: Vec::new(),
1567            element_opacity: 1.0,
1568            requested_autoscroll: None,
1569            rendered_frame: Frame::new(DispatchTree::new(cx.keymap.clone(), cx.actions.clone())),
1570            next_frame: Frame::new(DispatchTree::new(cx.keymap.clone(), cx.actions.clone())),
1571            next_frame_callbacks,
1572            next_hitbox_id: HitboxId(0),
1573            next_tooltip_id: TooltipId::default(),
1574            tooltip_bounds: None,
1575            dirty_views: FxHashSet::default(),
1576            focus_listeners: SubscriberSet::new(),
1577            focus_lost_listeners: SubscriberSet::new(),
1578            default_prevented: true,
1579            mouse_position,
1580            mouse_hit_test: HitTest::default(),
1581            modifiers,
1582            capslock,
1583            scale_factor,
1584            bounds_observers: SubscriberSet::new(),
1585            appearance,
1586            appearance_observers: SubscriberSet::new(),
1587            active,
1588            hovered,
1589            needs_present,
1590            input_rate_tracker,
1591            last_input_modality: InputModality::Mouse,
1592            refreshing: false,
1593            activation_observers: SubscriberSet::new(),
1594            focus: None,
1595            focus_enabled: true,
1596            pending_input: None,
1597            pending_modifier: ModifierState::default(),
1598            pending_input_observers: SubscriberSet::new(),
1599            prompt: None,
1600            client_inset: None,
1601            a11y_click_listeners: FxHashMap::default(),
1602            a11y_focus_ids: FxHashMap::default(),
1603            image_cache_stack: Vec::new(),
1604            captured_hitbox: None,
1605            #[cfg(any(feature = "inspector", debug_assertions))]
1606            inspector: None,
1607        })
1608    }
1609
1610    pub(crate) fn new_focus_listener(
1611        &self,
1612        value: AnyWindowFocusListener,
1613    ) -> (Subscription, impl FnOnce() + use<>) {
1614        self.focus_listeners.insert((), value)
1615    }
1616}
1617
1618#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
1619#[expect(missing_docs)]
1620pub struct DispatchEventResult {
1621    pub propagate: bool,
1622    pub default_prevented: bool,
1623}
1624
1625/// Indicates which region of the window is visible. Content falling outside of this mask will not be
1626/// rendered. Currently, only rectangular content masks are supported, but we give the mask its own type
1627/// to leave room to support more complex shapes in the future.
1628#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
1629#[repr(C)]
1630pub struct ContentMask<P: Clone + Debug + Default + PartialEq> {
1631    /// The bounds
1632    pub bounds: Bounds<P>,
1633}
1634
1635impl ContentMask<Pixels> {
1636    /// Scale the content mask's pixel units by the given scaling factor.
1637    pub fn scale(&self, factor: f32) -> ContentMask<ScaledPixels> {
1638        ContentMask {
1639            bounds: self.bounds.scale(factor),
1640        }
1641    }
1642
1643    /// Intersect the content mask with the given content mask.
1644    pub fn intersect(&self, other: &Self) -> Self {
1645        let bounds = self.bounds.intersect(&other.bounds);
1646        ContentMask { bounds }
1647    }
1648}
1649
1650impl Window {
1651    fn mark_view_dirty(&mut self, view_id: EntityId) {
1652        // Mark ancestor views as dirty. If already in the `dirty_views` set, then all its ancestors
1653        // should already be dirty.
1654        for view_id in self
1655            .rendered_frame
1656            .dispatch_tree
1657            .view_path_reversed(view_id)
1658        {
1659            if !self.dirty_views.insert(view_id) {
1660                break;
1661            }
1662        }
1663    }
1664
1665    /// Registers a callback to be invoked when the window appearance changes.
1666    pub fn observe_window_appearance(
1667        &self,
1668        mut callback: impl FnMut(&mut Window, &mut App) + 'static,
1669    ) -> Subscription {
1670        let (subscription, activate) = self.appearance_observers.insert(
1671            (),
1672            Box::new(move |window, cx| {
1673                callback(window, cx);
1674                true
1675            }),
1676        );
1677        activate();
1678        subscription
1679    }
1680
1681    /// Replaces the root entity of the window with a new one.
1682    pub fn replace_root<E>(
1683        &mut self,
1684        cx: &mut App,
1685        build_view: impl FnOnce(&mut Window, &mut Context<E>) -> E,
1686    ) -> Entity<E>
1687    where
1688        E: 'static + Render,
1689    {
1690        let view = cx.new(|cx| build_view(self, cx));
1691        self.root = Some(view.clone().into());
1692        self.refresh();
1693        view
1694    }
1695
1696    /// Returns the root entity of the window, if it has one.
1697    pub fn root<E>(&self) -> Option<Option<Entity<E>>>
1698    where
1699        E: 'static + Render,
1700    {
1701        self.root
1702            .as_ref()
1703            .map(|view| view.clone().downcast::<E>().ok())
1704    }
1705
1706    /// Obtain a handle to the window that belongs to this context.
1707    pub fn window_handle(&self) -> AnyWindowHandle {
1708        self.handle
1709    }
1710
1711    /// Mark the window as dirty, scheduling it to be redrawn on the next frame.
1712    pub fn refresh(&mut self) {
1713        if self.invalidator.not_drawing() {
1714            self.refreshing = true;
1715            self.invalidator.set_dirty(true);
1716        }
1717    }
1718
1719    /// Close this window.
1720    pub fn remove_window(&mut self) {
1721        self.removed = true;
1722    }
1723
1724    /// Obtain the currently focused [`FocusHandle`]. If no elements are focused, returns `None`.
1725    pub fn focused(&self, cx: &App) -> Option<FocusHandle> {
1726        self.focus
1727            .and_then(|id| FocusHandle::for_id(id, &cx.focus_handles))
1728    }
1729
1730    /// Move focus to the element associated with the given [`FocusHandle`].
1731    pub fn focus(&mut self, handle: &FocusHandle, cx: &mut App) {
1732        if !self.focus_enabled || self.focus == Some(handle.id) {
1733            return;
1734        }
1735
1736        self.focus = Some(handle.id);
1737        self.clear_pending_keystrokes();
1738
1739        // Avoid re-entrant entity updates by deferring observer notifications to the end of the
1740        // current effect cycle, and only for this window.
1741        let window_handle = self.handle;
1742        cx.defer(move |cx| {
1743            window_handle
1744                .update(cx, |_, window, cx| {
1745                    window.pending_input_changed(cx);
1746                })
1747                .ok();
1748        });
1749
1750        self.refresh();
1751    }
1752
1753    /// Remove focus from all elements within this context's window.
1754    pub fn blur(&mut self) {
1755        if !self.focus_enabled {
1756            return;
1757        }
1758
1759        self.focus = None;
1760        self.refresh();
1761    }
1762
1763    /// Blur the window and don't allow anything in it to be focused again.
1764    pub fn disable_focus(&mut self) {
1765        self.blur();
1766        self.focus_enabled = false;
1767    }
1768
1769    /// Move focus to next tab stop.
1770    pub fn focus_next(&mut self, cx: &mut App) {
1771        if !self.focus_enabled {
1772            return;
1773        }
1774
1775        if let Some(handle) = self.rendered_frame.tab_stops.next(self.focus.as_ref()) {
1776            self.focus(&handle, cx)
1777        }
1778    }
1779
1780    /// Move focus to previous tab stop.
1781    pub fn focus_prev(&mut self, cx: &mut App) {
1782        if !self.focus_enabled {
1783            return;
1784        }
1785
1786        if let Some(handle) = self.rendered_frame.tab_stops.prev(self.focus.as_ref()) {
1787            self.focus(&handle, cx)
1788        }
1789    }
1790
1791    /// Accessor for the text system.
1792    pub fn text_system(&self) -> &Arc<WindowTextSystem> {
1793        &self.text_system
1794    }
1795
1796    /// The current text style. Which is composed of all the style refinements provided to `with_text_style`.
1797    pub fn text_style(&self) -> TextStyle {
1798        let mut style = TextStyle::default();
1799        for refinement in &self.text_style_stack {
1800            style.refine(refinement);
1801        }
1802        style
1803    }
1804
1805    /// Check if the platform window is maximized.
1806    ///
1807    /// On some platforms (namely Windows) this is different than the bounds being the size of the display
1808    pub fn is_maximized(&self) -> bool {
1809        self.platform_window.is_maximized()
1810    }
1811
1812    /// request a certain window decoration (Wayland)
1813    pub fn request_decorations(&self, decorations: WindowDecorations) {
1814        self.platform_window.request_decorations(decorations);
1815    }
1816
1817    /// Start a window resize operation (Wayland)
1818    pub fn start_window_resize(&self, edge: ResizeEdge) {
1819        self.platform_window.start_window_resize(edge);
1820    }
1821
1822    /// Return the `WindowBounds` to indicate that how a window should be opened
1823    /// after it has been closed
1824    pub fn window_bounds(&self) -> WindowBounds {
1825        self.platform_window.window_bounds()
1826    }
1827
1828    /// Return the `WindowBounds` excluding insets (Wayland and X11)
1829    pub fn inner_window_bounds(&self) -> WindowBounds {
1830        self.platform_window.inner_window_bounds()
1831    }
1832
1833    /// Dispatch the given action on the currently focused element.
1834    pub fn dispatch_action(&mut self, action: Box<dyn Action>, cx: &mut App) {
1835        let focus_id = self.focused(cx).map(|handle| handle.id);
1836
1837        let window = self.handle;
1838        cx.defer(move |cx| {
1839            window
1840                .update(cx, |_, window, cx| {
1841                    let node_id = window.focus_node_id_in_rendered_frame(focus_id);
1842                    window.dispatch_action_on_node(node_id, action.as_ref(), cx);
1843                })
1844                .log_err();
1845        })
1846    }
1847
1848    pub(crate) fn dispatch_keystroke_observers(
1849        &mut self,
1850        event: &dyn Any,
1851        action: Option<Box<dyn Action>>,
1852        context_stack: Vec<KeyContext>,
1853        cx: &mut App,
1854    ) {
1855        let Some(key_down_event) = event.downcast_ref::<KeyDownEvent>() else {
1856            return;
1857        };
1858
1859        cx.keystroke_observers.clone().retain(&(), move |callback| {
1860            (callback)(
1861                &KeystrokeEvent {
1862                    keystroke: key_down_event.keystroke.clone(),
1863                    action: action.as_ref().map(|action| action.boxed_clone()),
1864                    context_stack: context_stack.clone(),
1865                },
1866                self,
1867                cx,
1868            )
1869        });
1870    }
1871
1872    pub(crate) fn dispatch_keystroke_interceptors(
1873        &mut self,
1874        event: &dyn Any,
1875        context_stack: Vec<KeyContext>,
1876        cx: &mut App,
1877    ) {
1878        let Some(key_down_event) = event.downcast_ref::<KeyDownEvent>() else {
1879            return;
1880        };
1881
1882        cx.keystroke_interceptors
1883            .clone()
1884            .retain(&(), move |callback| {
1885                (callback)(
1886                    &KeystrokeEvent {
1887                        keystroke: key_down_event.keystroke.clone(),
1888                        action: None,
1889                        context_stack: context_stack.clone(),
1890                    },
1891                    self,
1892                    cx,
1893                )
1894            });
1895    }
1896
1897    /// Schedules the given function to be run at the end of the current effect cycle, allowing entities
1898    /// that are currently on the stack to be returned to the app.
1899    pub fn defer(&self, cx: &mut App, f: impl FnOnce(&mut Window, &mut App) + 'static) {
1900        let handle = self.handle;
1901        cx.defer(move |cx| {
1902            handle.update(cx, |_, window, cx| f(window, cx)).ok();
1903        });
1904    }
1905
1906    /// Subscribe to events emitted by a entity.
1907    /// The entity to which you're subscribing must implement the [`EventEmitter`] trait.
1908    /// The callback will be invoked a handle to the emitting entity, the event, and a window context for the current window.
1909    pub fn observe<T: 'static>(
1910        &mut self,
1911        observed: &Entity<T>,
1912        cx: &mut App,
1913        mut on_notify: impl FnMut(Entity<T>, &mut Window, &mut App) + 'static,
1914    ) -> Subscription {
1915        let entity_id = observed.entity_id();
1916        let observed = observed.downgrade();
1917        let window_handle = self.handle;
1918        cx.new_observer(
1919            entity_id,
1920            Box::new(move |cx| {
1921                window_handle
1922                    .update(cx, |_, window, cx| {
1923                        if let Some(handle) = observed.upgrade() {
1924                            on_notify(handle, window, cx);
1925                            true
1926                        } else {
1927                            false
1928                        }
1929                    })
1930                    .unwrap_or(false)
1931            }),
1932        )
1933    }
1934
1935    /// Subscribe to events emitted by a entity.
1936    /// The entity to which you're subscribing must implement the [`EventEmitter`] trait.
1937    /// The callback will be invoked a handle to the emitting entity, the event, and a window context for the current window.
1938    pub fn subscribe<Emitter, Evt>(
1939        &mut self,
1940        entity: &Entity<Emitter>,
1941        cx: &mut App,
1942        mut on_event: impl FnMut(Entity<Emitter>, &Evt, &mut Window, &mut App) + 'static,
1943    ) -> Subscription
1944    where
1945        Emitter: EventEmitter<Evt>,
1946        Evt: 'static,
1947    {
1948        let entity_id = entity.entity_id();
1949        let handle = entity.downgrade();
1950        let window_handle = self.handle;
1951        cx.new_subscription(
1952            entity_id,
1953            (
1954                TypeId::of::<Evt>(),
1955                Box::new(move |event, cx| {
1956                    window_handle
1957                        .update(cx, |_, window, cx| {
1958                            if let Some(entity) = handle.upgrade() {
1959                                let event = event.downcast_ref().expect("invalid event type");
1960                                on_event(entity, event, window, cx);
1961                                true
1962                            } else {
1963                                false
1964                            }
1965                        })
1966                        .unwrap_or(false)
1967                }),
1968            ),
1969        )
1970    }
1971
1972    /// Register a callback to be invoked when the given `Entity` is released.
1973    pub fn observe_release<T>(
1974        &self,
1975        entity: &Entity<T>,
1976        cx: &mut App,
1977        mut on_release: impl FnOnce(&mut T, &mut Window, &mut App) + 'static,
1978    ) -> Subscription
1979    where
1980        T: 'static,
1981    {
1982        let entity_id = entity.entity_id();
1983        let window_handle = self.handle;
1984        let (subscription, activate) = cx.release_listeners.insert(
1985            entity_id,
1986            Box::new(move |entity, cx| {
1987                let entity = entity.downcast_mut().expect("invalid entity type");
1988                let _ = window_handle.update(cx, |_, window, cx| on_release(entity, window, cx));
1989            }),
1990        );
1991        activate();
1992        subscription
1993    }
1994
1995    /// Creates an [`AsyncWindowContext`], which has a static lifetime and can be held across
1996    /// await points in async code.
1997    pub fn to_async(&self, cx: &App) -> AsyncWindowContext {
1998        AsyncWindowContext::new_context(cx.to_async(), self.handle)
1999    }
2000
2001    /// Schedule the given closure to be run directly after the current frame is rendered.
2002    pub fn on_next_frame(&self, callback: impl FnOnce(&mut Window, &mut App) + 'static) {
2003        RefCell::borrow_mut(&self.next_frame_callbacks).push(Box::new(callback));
2004    }
2005
2006    /// Schedule a frame to be drawn on the next animation frame.
2007    ///
2008    /// This is useful for elements that need to animate continuously, such as a video player or an animated GIF.
2009    /// It will cause the window to redraw on the next frame, even if no other changes have occurred.
2010    ///
2011    /// If called from within a view, it will notify that view on the next frame. Otherwise, it will refresh the entire window.
2012    pub fn request_animation_frame(&self) {
2013        let entity = self.current_view();
2014        self.on_next_frame(move |_, cx| cx.notify(entity));
2015    }
2016
2017    /// Spawn the future returned by the given closure on the application thread pool.
2018    /// The closure is provided a handle to the current window and an `AsyncWindowContext` for
2019    /// use within your future.
2020    #[track_caller]
2021    pub fn spawn<AsyncFn, R>(&self, cx: &App, f: AsyncFn) -> Task<R>
2022    where
2023        R: 'static,
2024        AsyncFn: AsyncFnOnce(&mut AsyncWindowContext) -> R + 'static,
2025    {
2026        let handle = self.handle;
2027        cx.spawn(async move |app| {
2028            let mut async_window_cx = AsyncWindowContext::new_context(app.clone(), handle);
2029            f(&mut async_window_cx).await
2030        })
2031    }
2032
2033    /// Spawn the future returned by the given closure on the application thread
2034    /// pool, with the given priority. The closure is provided a handle to the
2035    /// current window and an `AsyncWindowContext` for use within your future.
2036    #[track_caller]
2037    pub fn spawn_with_priority<AsyncFn, R>(
2038        &self,
2039        priority: Priority,
2040        cx: &App,
2041        f: AsyncFn,
2042    ) -> Task<R>
2043    where
2044        R: 'static,
2045        AsyncFn: AsyncFnOnce(&mut AsyncWindowContext) -> R + 'static,
2046    {
2047        let handle = self.handle;
2048        cx.spawn_with_priority(priority, async move |app| {
2049            let mut async_window_cx = AsyncWindowContext::new_context(app.clone(), handle);
2050            f(&mut async_window_cx).await
2051        })
2052    }
2053
2054    /// Notify the window that its bounds have changed.
2055    ///
2056    /// This updates internal state like `viewport_size` and `scale_factor` from
2057    /// the platform window, then notifies observers. Normally called automatically
2058    /// by the platform's resize callback, but exposed publicly for test infrastructure.
2059    pub fn bounds_changed(&mut self, cx: &mut App) {
2060        self.scale_factor = self.platform_window.scale_factor();
2061        self.viewport_size = self.platform_window.content_size();
2062        self.display_id = self.platform_window.display().map(|display| display.id());
2063
2064        self.platform_window.a11y_update_window_bounds();
2065
2066        self.refresh();
2067
2068        self.bounds_observers
2069            .clone()
2070            .retain(&(), |callback| callback(self, cx));
2071    }
2072
2073    /// Returns the bounds of the current window in the global coordinate space, which could span across multiple displays.
2074    pub fn bounds(&self) -> Bounds<Pixels> {
2075        self.platform_window.bounds()
2076    }
2077
2078    /// Renders the current frame's scene to a texture and returns the pixel data as an RGBA image.
2079    /// This does not present the frame to screen - useful for visual testing where we want
2080    /// to capture what would be rendered without displaying it or requiring the window to be visible.
2081    #[cfg(any(test, feature = "test-support"))]
2082    pub fn render_to_image(&self) -> anyhow::Result<image::RgbaImage> {
2083        self.platform_window
2084            .render_to_image(&self.rendered_frame.scene)
2085    }
2086
2087    /// Set the content size of the window.
2088    pub fn resize(&mut self, size: Size<Pixels>) {
2089        self.platform_window.resize(size);
2090    }
2091
2092    /// Returns whether or not the window is currently fullscreen
2093    pub fn is_fullscreen(&self) -> bool {
2094        self.platform_window.is_fullscreen()
2095    }
2096
2097    pub(crate) fn appearance_changed(&mut self, cx: &mut App) {
2098        self.appearance = self.platform_window.appearance();
2099
2100        self.appearance_observers
2101            .clone()
2102            .retain(&(), |callback| callback(self, cx));
2103    }
2104
2105    /// Returns the appearance of the current window.
2106    pub fn appearance(&self) -> WindowAppearance {
2107        self.appearance
2108    }
2109
2110    /// Returns the size of the drawable area within the window.
2111    pub fn viewport_size(&self) -> Size<Pixels> {
2112        self.viewport_size
2113    }
2114
2115    /// Returns whether this window is focused by the operating system (receiving key events).
2116    pub fn is_window_active(&self) -> bool {
2117        self.active.get()
2118    }
2119
2120    /// Returns whether this window is considered to be the window
2121    /// that currently owns the mouse cursor.
2122    /// On mac, this is equivalent to `is_window_active`.
2123    pub fn is_window_hovered(&self) -> bool {
2124        if cfg!(any(
2125            target_os = "windows",
2126            target_os = "linux",
2127            target_os = "freebsd"
2128        )) {
2129            self.hovered.get()
2130        } else {
2131            self.is_window_active()
2132        }
2133    }
2134
2135    /// Toggle zoom on the window.
2136    pub fn zoom_window(&self) {
2137        self.platform_window.zoom();
2138    }
2139
2140    /// Opens the native title bar context menu, useful when implementing client side decorations (Wayland and X11)
2141    pub fn show_window_menu(&self, position: Point<Pixels>) {
2142        self.platform_window.show_window_menu(position)
2143    }
2144
2145    /// Handle window movement for Linux and macOS.
2146    /// Tells the compositor to take control of window movement (Wayland and X11)
2147    ///
2148    /// Events may not be received during a move operation.
2149    pub fn start_window_move(&self) {
2150        self.platform_window.start_window_move()
2151    }
2152
2153    /// When using client side decorations, set this to the width of the invisible decorations (Wayland and X11)
2154    pub fn set_client_inset(&mut self, inset: Pixels) {
2155        self.client_inset = Some(inset);
2156        self.platform_window.set_client_inset(inset);
2157    }
2158
2159    /// Returns the client_inset value by [`Self::set_client_inset`].
2160    pub fn client_inset(&self) -> Option<Pixels> {
2161        self.client_inset
2162    }
2163
2164    /// Returns whether the title bar window controls need to be rendered by the application (Wayland and X11)
2165    pub fn window_decorations(&self) -> Decorations {
2166        self.platform_window.window_decorations()
2167    }
2168
2169    /// Returns which window controls are currently visible (Wayland)
2170    pub fn window_controls(&self) -> WindowControls {
2171        self.platform_window.window_controls()
2172    }
2173
2174    /// Updates the window's title at the platform level.
2175    pub fn set_window_title(&mut self, title: &str) {
2176        self.platform_window.set_title(title);
2177    }
2178
2179    /// Sets the application identifier.
2180    pub fn set_app_id(&mut self, app_id: &str) {
2181        self.platform_window.set_app_id(app_id);
2182    }
2183
2184    /// Sets the window background appearance.
2185    pub fn set_background_appearance(&self, background_appearance: WindowBackgroundAppearance) {
2186        self.platform_window
2187            .set_background_appearance(background_appearance);
2188    }
2189
2190    /// Mark the window as dirty at the platform level.
2191    pub fn set_window_edited(&mut self, edited: bool) {
2192        self.platform_window.set_edited(edited);
2193    }
2194
2195    /// Determine the display on which the window is visible.
2196    pub fn display(&self, cx: &App) -> Option<Rc<dyn PlatformDisplay>> {
2197        cx.platform
2198            .displays()
2199            .into_iter()
2200            .find(|display| Some(display.id()) == self.display_id)
2201    }
2202
2203    /// Show the platform character palette.
2204    pub fn show_character_palette(&self) {
2205        self.platform_window.show_character_palette();
2206    }
2207
2208    /// The scale factor of the display associated with the window. For example, it could
2209    /// return 2.0 for a "retina" display, indicating that each logical pixel should actually
2210    /// be rendered as two pixels on screen.
2211    pub fn scale_factor(&self) -> f32 {
2212        self.scale_factor
2213    }
2214
2215    /// The size of an em for the base font of the application. Adjusting this value allows the
2216    /// UI to scale, just like zooming a web page.
2217    pub fn rem_size(&self) -> Pixels {
2218        self.rem_size_override_stack
2219            .last()
2220            .copied()
2221            .unwrap_or(self.rem_size)
2222    }
2223
2224    /// Sets the size of an em for the base font of the application. Adjusting this value allows the
2225    /// UI to scale, just like zooming a web page.
2226    pub fn set_rem_size(&mut self, rem_size: impl Into<Pixels>) {
2227        self.rem_size = rem_size.into();
2228    }
2229
2230    /// Acquire a globally unique identifier for the given ElementId.
2231    /// Only valid for the duration of the provided closure.
2232    pub fn with_global_id<R>(
2233        &mut self,
2234        element_id: ElementId,
2235        f: impl FnOnce(&GlobalElementId, &mut Self) -> R,
2236    ) -> R {
2237        self.with_id(element_id, |this| {
2238            let global_id = GlobalElementId(Arc::from(&*this.element_id_stack));
2239
2240            f(&global_id, this)
2241        })
2242    }
2243
2244    /// Calls the provided closure with the element ID pushed on the stack.
2245    #[inline]
2246    pub fn with_id<R>(
2247        &mut self,
2248        element_id: impl Into<ElementId>,
2249        f: impl FnOnce(&mut Self) -> R,
2250    ) -> R {
2251        self.element_id_stack.push(element_id.into());
2252        let result = f(self);
2253        self.element_id_stack.pop();
2254        result
2255    }
2256
2257    /// Executes the provided function with the specified rem size.
2258    ///
2259    /// This method must only be called as part of element drawing.
2260    // This function is called in a highly recursive manner in editor
2261    // prepainting, make sure its inlined to reduce the stack burden
2262    #[inline]
2263    pub fn with_rem_size<F, R>(&mut self, rem_size: Option<impl Into<Pixels>>, f: F) -> R
2264    where
2265        F: FnOnce(&mut Self) -> R,
2266    {
2267        self.invalidator.debug_assert_paint_or_prepaint();
2268
2269        if let Some(rem_size) = rem_size {
2270            self.rem_size_override_stack.push(rem_size.into());
2271            let result = f(self);
2272            self.rem_size_override_stack.pop();
2273            result
2274        } else {
2275            f(self)
2276        }
2277    }
2278
2279    /// The line height associated with the current text style.
2280    pub fn line_height(&self) -> Pixels {
2281        self.text_style().line_height_in_pixels(self.rem_size())
2282    }
2283
2284    /// Call to prevent the default action of an event. Currently only used to prevent
2285    /// parent elements from becoming focused on mouse down.
2286    pub fn prevent_default(&mut self) {
2287        self.default_prevented = true;
2288    }
2289
2290    /// Obtain whether default has been prevented for the event currently being dispatched.
2291    pub fn default_prevented(&self) -> bool {
2292        self.default_prevented
2293    }
2294
2295    /// Determine whether the given action is available along the dispatch path to the currently focused element.
2296    pub fn is_action_available(&self, action: &dyn Action, cx: &App) -> bool {
2297        let node_id =
2298            self.focus_node_id_in_rendered_frame(self.focused(cx).map(|handle| handle.id));
2299        self.rendered_frame
2300            .dispatch_tree
2301            .is_action_available(action, node_id)
2302    }
2303
2304    /// Determine whether the given action is available along the dispatch path to the given focus_handle.
2305    pub fn is_action_available_in(&self, action: &dyn Action, focus_handle: &FocusHandle) -> bool {
2306        let node_id = self.focus_node_id_in_rendered_frame(Some(focus_handle.id));
2307        self.rendered_frame
2308            .dispatch_tree
2309            .is_action_available(action, node_id)
2310    }
2311
2312    /// The position of the mouse relative to the window.
2313    pub fn mouse_position(&self) -> Point<Pixels> {
2314        self.mouse_position
2315    }
2316
2317    /// Captures the pointer for the given hitbox. While captured, all mouse move and mouse up
2318    /// events will be routed to listeners that check this hitbox's `is_hovered` status,
2319    /// regardless of actual hit testing. This enables drag operations that continue
2320    /// even when the pointer moves outside the element's bounds.
2321    ///
2322    /// The capture is automatically released on mouse up.
2323    pub fn capture_pointer(&mut self, hitbox_id: HitboxId) {
2324        self.captured_hitbox = Some(hitbox_id);
2325    }
2326
2327    /// Releases any active pointer capture.
2328    pub fn release_pointer(&mut self) {
2329        self.captured_hitbox = None;
2330    }
2331
2332    /// Returns the hitbox that has captured the pointer, if any.
2333    pub fn captured_hitbox(&self) -> Option<HitboxId> {
2334        self.captured_hitbox
2335    }
2336
2337    /// The current state of the keyboard's modifiers
2338    pub fn modifiers(&self) -> Modifiers {
2339        self.modifiers
2340    }
2341
2342    /// Returns true if the last input event was keyboard-based (key press, tab navigation, etc.)
2343    /// This is used for focus-visible styling to show focus indicators only for keyboard navigation.
2344    pub fn last_input_was_keyboard(&self) -> bool {
2345        self.last_input_modality == InputModality::Keyboard
2346    }
2347
2348    /// The current state of the keyboard's capslock
2349    pub fn capslock(&self) -> Capslock {
2350        self.capslock
2351    }
2352
2353    fn complete_frame(&self) {
2354        self.platform_window.completed_frame();
2355    }
2356
2357    /// Produces a new frame and assigns it to `rendered_frame`. To actually show
2358    /// the contents of the new [`Scene`], use [`Self::present`].
2359    #[profiling::function]
2360    pub fn draw(&mut self, cx: &mut App) -> ArenaClearNeeded {
2361        // Set up the per-App arena for element allocation during this draw.
2362        // This ensures that multiple test Apps have isolated arenas.
2363        let _arena_scope = ElementArenaScope::enter(&cx.element_arena);
2364
2365        self.invalidate_entities();
2366        cx.entities.clear_accessed();
2367        debug_assert!(self.rendered_entity_stack.is_empty());
2368        self.invalidator.set_dirty(false);
2369        self.requested_autoscroll = None;
2370
2371        // Restore the previously-used input handler.
2372        if let Some(input_handler) = self.platform_window.take_input_handler() {
2373            self.rendered_frame.input_handlers.push(Some(input_handler));
2374        }
2375        if !cx.mode.skip_drawing() {
2376            self.draw_roots(cx);
2377        }
2378        self.dirty_views.clear();
2379        self.next_frame.window_active = self.active.get();
2380
2381        // Register requested input handler with the platform window.
2382        if let Some(input_handler) = self.next_frame.input_handlers.pop() {
2383            self.platform_window
2384                .set_input_handler(input_handler.unwrap());
2385        }
2386
2387        self.layout_engine.as_mut().unwrap().clear();
2388        self.text_system().finish_frame();
2389        self.next_frame.finish(&mut self.rendered_frame);
2390
2391        self.invalidator.set_phase(DrawPhase::Focus);
2392        let previous_focus_path = self.rendered_frame.focus_path();
2393        let previous_window_active = self.rendered_frame.window_active;
2394        mem::swap(&mut self.rendered_frame, &mut self.next_frame);
2395        self.next_frame.clear();
2396        let current_focus_path = self.rendered_frame.focus_path();
2397        let current_window_active = self.rendered_frame.window_active;
2398
2399        if previous_focus_path != current_focus_path
2400            || previous_window_active != current_window_active
2401        {
2402            if !previous_focus_path.is_empty() && current_focus_path.is_empty() {
2403                self.focus_lost_listeners
2404                    .clone()
2405                    .retain(&(), |listener| listener(self, cx));
2406            }
2407
2408            let event = WindowFocusEvent {
2409                previous_focus_path: if previous_window_active {
2410                    previous_focus_path
2411                } else {
2412                    Default::default()
2413                },
2414                current_focus_path: if current_window_active {
2415                    current_focus_path
2416                } else {
2417                    Default::default()
2418                },
2419            };
2420            self.focus_listeners
2421                .clone()
2422                .retain(&(), |listener| listener(&event, self, cx));
2423        }
2424
2425        debug_assert!(self.rendered_entity_stack.is_empty());
2426        self.record_entities_accessed(cx);
2427        self.reset_cursor_style(cx);
2428        self.refreshing = false;
2429        self.invalidator.set_phase(DrawPhase::None);
2430        self.needs_present.set(true);
2431
2432        ArenaClearNeeded::new(&cx.element_arena)
2433    }
2434
2435    fn record_entities_accessed(&mut self, cx: &mut App) {
2436        let mut entities_ref = cx.entities.accessed_entities.get_mut();
2437        let mut entities = mem::take(entities_ref.deref_mut());
2438        let handle = self.handle;
2439        cx.record_entities_accessed(
2440            handle,
2441            // Try moving window invalidator into the Window
2442            self.invalidator.clone(),
2443            &entities,
2444        );
2445        let mut entities_ref = cx.entities.accessed_entities.get_mut();
2446        mem::swap(&mut entities, entities_ref.deref_mut());
2447    }
2448
2449    fn invalidate_entities(&mut self) {
2450        let mut views = self.invalidator.take_views();
2451        for entity in views.drain() {
2452            self.mark_view_dirty(entity);
2453        }
2454        self.invalidator.replace_views(views);
2455    }
2456
2457    #[profiling::function]
2458    fn present(&mut self) {
2459        self.platform_window.draw(&self.rendered_frame.scene);
2460        self.needs_present.set(false);
2461
2462        profiling::finish_frame!();
2463    }
2464
2465    fn draw_roots(&mut self, cx: &mut App) {
2466        self.invalidator.set_phase(DrawPhase::Prepaint);
2467        self.tooltip_bounds.take();
2468
2469        if self.is_a11y_active() {
2470            self.a11y_click_listeners.clear();
2471            self.a11y_focus_ids.clear();
2472        }
2473
2474        let _inspector_width: Pixels = rems(30.0).to_pixels(self.rem_size());
2475        let root_size = {
2476            #[cfg(any(feature = "inspector", debug_assertions))]
2477            {
2478                if self.inspector.is_some() {
2479                    let mut size = self.viewport_size;
2480                    size.width = (size.width - _inspector_width).max(px(0.0));
2481                    size
2482                } else {
2483                    self.viewport_size
2484                }
2485            }
2486            #[cfg(not(any(feature = "inspector", debug_assertions)))]
2487            {
2488                self.viewport_size
2489            }
2490        };
2491
2492        // Layout all root elements.
2493        if self.is_a11y_active() {
2494            self.a11y_nodes.push_root();
2495        }
2496        let mut root_element = self.root.as_ref().unwrap().clone().into_any();
2497        root_element.prepaint_as_root(Point::default(), root_size.into(), self, cx);
2498
2499        #[cfg(any(feature = "inspector", debug_assertions))]
2500        let inspector_element = self.prepaint_inspector(_inspector_width, cx);
2501
2502        let mut sorted_deferred_draws =
2503            (0..self.next_frame.deferred_draws.len()).collect::<SmallVec<[_; 8]>>();
2504        sorted_deferred_draws.sort_by_key(|ix| self.next_frame.deferred_draws[*ix].priority);
2505        self.prepaint_deferred_draws(&sorted_deferred_draws, cx);
2506
2507        let mut prompt_element = None;
2508        let mut active_drag_element = None;
2509        let mut tooltip_element = None;
2510        if let Some(prompt) = self.prompt.take() {
2511            let mut element = prompt.view.any_view().into_any();
2512            element.prepaint_as_root(Point::default(), root_size.into(), self, cx);
2513            prompt_element = Some(element);
2514            self.prompt = Some(prompt);
2515        } else if let Some(active_drag) = cx.active_drag.take() {
2516            let mut element = active_drag.view.clone().into_any();
2517            let offset = self.mouse_position() - active_drag.cursor_offset;
2518            element.prepaint_as_root(offset, AvailableSpace::min_size(), self, cx);
2519            active_drag_element = Some(element);
2520            cx.active_drag = Some(active_drag);
2521        } else {
2522            tooltip_element = self.prepaint_tooltip(cx);
2523        }
2524
2525        self.mouse_hit_test = self.next_frame.hit_test(self.mouse_position);
2526
2527        // Now actually paint the elements.
2528        self.invalidator.set_phase(DrawPhase::Paint);
2529        root_element.paint(self, cx);
2530
2531        #[cfg(any(feature = "inspector", debug_assertions))]
2532        self.paint_inspector(inspector_element, cx);
2533
2534        self.paint_deferred_draws(&sorted_deferred_draws, cx);
2535
2536        if let Some(mut prompt_element) = prompt_element {
2537            prompt_element.paint(self, cx);
2538        } else if let Some(mut drag_element) = active_drag_element {
2539            drag_element.paint(self, cx);
2540        } else if let Some(mut tooltip_element) = tooltip_element {
2541            tooltip_element.paint(self, cx);
2542        }
2543
2544        #[cfg(any(feature = "inspector", debug_assertions))]
2545        self.paint_inspector_hitbox(cx);
2546        
2547
2548        if self.is_a11y_active() {
2549            let tree_update = self.a11y_nodes.finalize();
2550            // dbg!(&tree_update);
2551            self.platform_window.a11y_tree_update(tree_update);
2552        }
2553    }
2554
2555    /// Whether accessibility information is currently being requested by an
2556    /// a11y tool. If false, we can skip building the a11y tree altogether.
2557    pub fn is_a11y_active(&self) -> bool {
2558        self.platform_window.is_a11y_active()
2559    }
2560
2561    fn handle_a11y_action(&mut self, request: ActionRequest, cx: &mut App) {
2562        match request.action {
2563            accesskit::Action::Click => {
2564                if let Some(listeners) = self.a11y_click_listeners.get(&request.target_node) {
2565                    let listeners = listeners.clone();
2566                    let event = crate::ClickEvent::default();
2567                    for listener in &listeners {
2568                        listener(&event, self, cx);
2569                    }
2570                }
2571            }
2572            accesskit::Action::Focus => {
2573                if let Some(focus_id) = self.a11y_focus_ids.get(&request.target_node).copied() {
2574                    if let Some(handle) = FocusHandle::for_id(focus_id, &cx.focus_handles) {
2575                        self.focus(&handle, cx);
2576                    }
2577                }
2578            }
2579            accesskit::Action::Blur => {
2580                self.blur();
2581            }
2582            _ => {
2583                log::debug!("unhandled a11y action: {:?}", request);
2584            }
2585        }
2586    }
2587
2588    fn prepaint_tooltip(&mut self, cx: &mut App) -> Option<AnyElement> {
2589        // Use indexing instead of iteration to avoid borrowing self for the duration of the loop.
2590        for tooltip_request_index in (0..self.next_frame.tooltip_requests.len()).rev() {
2591            let Some(Some(tooltip_request)) = self
2592                .next_frame
2593                .tooltip_requests
2594                .get(tooltip_request_index)
2595                .cloned()
2596            else {
2597                log::error!("Unexpectedly absent TooltipRequest");
2598                continue;
2599            };
2600            let mut element = tooltip_request.tooltip.view.clone().into_any();
2601            let mouse_position = tooltip_request.tooltip.mouse_position;
2602            let tooltip_size = element.layout_as_root(AvailableSpace::min_size(), self, cx);
2603
2604            let mut tooltip_bounds =
2605                Bounds::new(mouse_position + point(px(1.), px(1.)), tooltip_size);
2606            let window_bounds = Bounds {
2607                origin: Point::default(),
2608                size: self.viewport_size(),
2609            };
2610
2611            if tooltip_bounds.right() > window_bounds.right() {
2612                let new_x = mouse_position.x - tooltip_bounds.size.width - px(1.);
2613                if new_x >= Pixels::ZERO {
2614                    tooltip_bounds.origin.x = new_x;
2615                } else {
2616                    tooltip_bounds.origin.x = cmp::max(
2617                        Pixels::ZERO,
2618                        tooltip_bounds.origin.x - tooltip_bounds.right() - window_bounds.right(),
2619                    );
2620                }
2621            }
2622
2623            if tooltip_bounds.bottom() > window_bounds.bottom() {
2624                let new_y = mouse_position.y - tooltip_bounds.size.height - px(1.);
2625                if new_y >= Pixels::ZERO {
2626                    tooltip_bounds.origin.y = new_y;
2627                } else {
2628                    tooltip_bounds.origin.y = cmp::max(
2629                        Pixels::ZERO,
2630                        tooltip_bounds.origin.y - tooltip_bounds.bottom() - window_bounds.bottom(),
2631                    );
2632                }
2633            }
2634
2635            // It's possible for an element to have an active tooltip while not being painted (e.g.
2636            // via the `visible_on_hover` method). Since mouse listeners are not active in this
2637            // case, instead update the tooltip's visibility here.
2638            let is_visible =
2639                (tooltip_request.tooltip.check_visible_and_update)(tooltip_bounds, self, cx);
2640            if !is_visible {
2641                continue;
2642            }
2643
2644            self.with_absolute_element_offset(tooltip_bounds.origin, |window| {
2645                element.prepaint(window, cx)
2646            });
2647
2648            self.tooltip_bounds = Some(TooltipBounds {
2649                id: tooltip_request.id,
2650                bounds: tooltip_bounds,
2651            });
2652            return Some(element);
2653        }
2654        None
2655    }
2656
2657    fn prepaint_deferred_draws(&mut self, deferred_draw_indices: &[usize], cx: &mut App) {
2658        assert_eq!(self.element_id_stack.len(), 0);
2659
2660        let mut deferred_draws = mem::take(&mut self.next_frame.deferred_draws);
2661        for deferred_draw_ix in deferred_draw_indices {
2662            let deferred_draw = &mut deferred_draws[*deferred_draw_ix];
2663            self.element_id_stack
2664                .clone_from(&deferred_draw.element_id_stack);
2665            self.text_style_stack
2666                .clone_from(&deferred_draw.text_style_stack);
2667            self.next_frame
2668                .dispatch_tree
2669                .set_active_node(deferred_draw.parent_node);
2670
2671            let prepaint_start = self.prepaint_index();
2672            let content_mask = deferred_draw.content_mask.clone();
2673            if let Some(element) = deferred_draw.element.as_mut() {
2674                self.with_rendered_view(deferred_draw.current_view, |window| {
2675                    window.with_content_mask(content_mask, |window| {
2676                        window.with_rem_size(Some(deferred_draw.rem_size), |window| {
2677                            window.with_absolute_element_offset(
2678                                deferred_draw.absolute_offset,
2679                                |window| {
2680                                    element.prepaint(window, cx);
2681                                },
2682                            );
2683                        });
2684                    });
2685                })
2686            } else {
2687                self.reuse_prepaint(deferred_draw.prepaint_range.clone());
2688            }
2689            let prepaint_end = self.prepaint_index();
2690            deferred_draw.prepaint_range = prepaint_start..prepaint_end;
2691        }
2692        assert_eq!(
2693            self.next_frame.deferred_draws.len(),
2694            0,
2695            "cannot call defer_draw during deferred drawing"
2696        );
2697        self.next_frame.deferred_draws = deferred_draws;
2698        self.element_id_stack.clear();
2699        self.text_style_stack.clear();
2700    }
2701
2702    fn paint_deferred_draws(&mut self, deferred_draw_indices: &[usize], cx: &mut App) {
2703        assert_eq!(self.element_id_stack.len(), 0);
2704
2705        let mut deferred_draws = mem::take(&mut self.next_frame.deferred_draws);
2706        for deferred_draw_ix in deferred_draw_indices {
2707            let mut deferred_draw = &mut deferred_draws[*deferred_draw_ix];
2708            self.element_id_stack
2709                .clone_from(&deferred_draw.element_id_stack);
2710            self.next_frame
2711                .dispatch_tree
2712                .set_active_node(deferred_draw.parent_node);
2713
2714            let paint_start = self.paint_index();
2715            let content_mask = deferred_draw.content_mask.clone();
2716            if let Some(element) = deferred_draw.element.as_mut() {
2717                self.with_rendered_view(deferred_draw.current_view, |window| {
2718                    window.with_content_mask(content_mask, |window| {
2719                        window.with_rem_size(Some(deferred_draw.rem_size), |window| {
2720                            element.paint(window, cx);
2721                        });
2722                    })
2723                })
2724            } else {
2725                self.reuse_paint(deferred_draw.paint_range.clone());
2726            }
2727            let paint_end = self.paint_index();
2728            deferred_draw.paint_range = paint_start..paint_end;
2729        }
2730        self.next_frame.deferred_draws = deferred_draws;
2731        self.element_id_stack.clear();
2732    }
2733
2734    pub(crate) fn prepaint_index(&self) -> PrepaintStateIndex {
2735        PrepaintStateIndex {
2736            hitboxes_index: self.next_frame.hitboxes.len(),
2737            tooltips_index: self.next_frame.tooltip_requests.len(),
2738            deferred_draws_index: self.next_frame.deferred_draws.len(),
2739            dispatch_tree_index: self.next_frame.dispatch_tree.len(),
2740            accessed_element_states_index: self.next_frame.accessed_element_states.len(),
2741            line_layout_index: self.text_system.layout_index(),
2742        }
2743    }
2744
2745    pub(crate) fn reuse_prepaint(&mut self, range: Range<PrepaintStateIndex>) {
2746        self.next_frame.hitboxes.extend(
2747            self.rendered_frame.hitboxes[range.start.hitboxes_index..range.end.hitboxes_index]
2748                .iter()
2749                .cloned(),
2750        );
2751        self.next_frame.tooltip_requests.extend(
2752            self.rendered_frame.tooltip_requests
2753                [range.start.tooltips_index..range.end.tooltips_index]
2754                .iter_mut()
2755                .map(|request| request.take()),
2756        );
2757        self.next_frame.accessed_element_states.extend(
2758            self.rendered_frame.accessed_element_states[range.start.accessed_element_states_index
2759                ..range.end.accessed_element_states_index]
2760                .iter()
2761                .map(|(id, type_id)| (id.clone(), *type_id)),
2762        );
2763        self.text_system
2764            .reuse_layouts(range.start.line_layout_index..range.end.line_layout_index);
2765
2766        let reused_subtree = self.next_frame.dispatch_tree.reuse_subtree(
2767            range.start.dispatch_tree_index..range.end.dispatch_tree_index,
2768            &mut self.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree,
2769            self.focus,
2770        );
2771
2772        if reused_subtree.contains_focus() {
2773            self.next_frame.focus = self.focus;
2774        }
2775
2776        self.next_frame.deferred_draws.extend(
2777            self.rendered_frame.deferred_draws
2778                [range.start.deferred_draws_index..range.end.deferred_draws_index]
2779                .iter()
2780                .map(|deferred_draw| DeferredDraw {
2781                    current_view: deferred_draw.current_view,
2782                    parent_node: reused_subtree.refresh_node_id(deferred_draw.parent_node),
2783                    element_id_stack: deferred_draw.element_id_stack.clone(),
2784                    text_style_stack: deferred_draw.text_style_stack.clone(),
2785                    content_mask: deferred_draw.content_mask.clone(),
2786                    rem_size: deferred_draw.rem_size,
2787                    priority: deferred_draw.priority,
2788                    element: None,
2789                    absolute_offset: deferred_draw.absolute_offset,
2790                    prepaint_range: deferred_draw.prepaint_range.clone(),
2791                    paint_range: deferred_draw.paint_range.clone(),
2792                }),
2793        );
2794    }
2795
2796    pub(crate) fn paint_index(&self) -> PaintIndex {
2797        PaintIndex {
2798            scene_index: self.next_frame.scene.len(),
2799            mouse_listeners_index: self.next_frame.mouse_listeners.len(),
2800            input_handlers_index: self.next_frame.input_handlers.len(),
2801            cursor_styles_index: self.next_frame.cursor_styles.len(),
2802            accessed_element_states_index: self.next_frame.accessed_element_states.len(),
2803            tab_handle_index: self.next_frame.tab_stops.paint_index(),
2804            line_layout_index: self.text_system.layout_index(),
2805        }
2806    }
2807
2808    pub(crate) fn reuse_paint(&mut self, range: Range<PaintIndex>) {
2809        self.next_frame.cursor_styles.extend(
2810            self.rendered_frame.cursor_styles
2811                [range.start.cursor_styles_index..range.end.cursor_styles_index]
2812                .iter()
2813                .cloned(),
2814        );
2815        self.next_frame.input_handlers.extend(
2816            self.rendered_frame.input_handlers
2817                [range.start.input_handlers_index..range.end.input_handlers_index]
2818                .iter_mut()
2819                .map(|handler| handler.take()),
2820        );
2821        self.next_frame.mouse_listeners.extend(
2822            self.rendered_frame.mouse_listeners
2823                [range.start.mouse_listeners_index..range.end.mouse_listeners_index]
2824                .iter_mut()
2825                .map(|listener| listener.take()),
2826        );
2827        self.next_frame.accessed_element_states.extend(
2828            self.rendered_frame.accessed_element_states[range.start.accessed_element_states_index
2829                ..range.end.accessed_element_states_index]
2830                .iter()
2831                .map(|(id, type_id)| (id.clone(), *type_id)),
2832        );
2833        self.next_frame.tab_stops.replay(
2834            &self.rendered_frame.tab_stops.insertion_history
2835                [range.start.tab_handle_index..range.end.tab_handle_index],
2836        );
2837
2838        self.text_system
2839            .reuse_layouts(range.start.line_layout_index..range.end.line_layout_index);
2840        self.next_frame.scene.replay(
2841            range.start.scene_index..range.end.scene_index,
2842            &self.rendered_frame.scene,
2843        );
2844    }
2845
2846    /// Push a text style onto the stack, and call a function with that style active.
2847    /// Use [`Window::text_style`] to get the current, combined text style. This method
2848    /// should only be called as part of element drawing.
2849    // This function is called in a highly recursive manner in editor
2850    // prepainting, make sure its inlined to reduce the stack burden
2851    #[inline]
2852    pub fn with_text_style<F, R>(&mut self, style: Option<TextStyleRefinement>, f: F) -> R
2853    where
2854        F: FnOnce(&mut Self) -> R,
2855    {
2856        self.invalidator.debug_assert_paint_or_prepaint();
2857        if let Some(style) = style {
2858            self.text_style_stack.push(style);
2859            let result = f(self);
2860            self.text_style_stack.pop();
2861            result
2862        } else {
2863            f(self)
2864        }
2865    }
2866
2867    /// Updates the cursor style at the platform level. This method should only be called
2868    /// during the paint phase of element drawing.
2869    pub fn set_cursor_style(&mut self, style: CursorStyle, hitbox: &Hitbox) {
2870        self.invalidator.debug_assert_paint();
2871        self.next_frame.cursor_styles.push(CursorStyleRequest {
2872            hitbox_id: Some(hitbox.id),
2873            style,
2874        });
2875    }
2876
2877    /// Updates the cursor style for the entire window at the platform level. A cursor
2878    /// style using this method will have precedence over any cursor style set using
2879    /// `set_cursor_style`. This method should only be called during the paint
2880    /// phase of element drawing.
2881    pub fn set_window_cursor_style(&mut self, style: CursorStyle) {
2882        self.invalidator.debug_assert_paint();
2883        self.next_frame.cursor_styles.push(CursorStyleRequest {
2884            hitbox_id: None,
2885            style,
2886        })
2887    }
2888
2889    /// Sets a tooltip to be rendered for the upcoming frame. This method should only be called
2890    /// during the paint phase of element drawing.
2891    pub fn set_tooltip(&mut self, tooltip: AnyTooltip) -> TooltipId {
2892        self.invalidator.debug_assert_prepaint();
2893        let id = TooltipId(post_inc(&mut self.next_tooltip_id.0));
2894        self.next_frame
2895            .tooltip_requests
2896            .push(Some(TooltipRequest { id, tooltip }));
2897        id
2898    }
2899
2900    /// Invoke the given function with the given content mask after intersecting it
2901    /// with the current mask. This method should only be called during element drawing.
2902    // This function is called in a highly recursive manner in editor
2903    // prepainting, make sure its inlined to reduce the stack burden
2904    #[inline]
2905    pub fn with_content_mask<R>(
2906        &mut self,
2907        mask: Option<ContentMask<Pixels>>,
2908        f: impl FnOnce(&mut Self) -> R,
2909    ) -> R {
2910        self.invalidator.debug_assert_paint_or_prepaint();
2911        if let Some(mask) = mask {
2912            let mask = mask.intersect(&self.content_mask());
2913            self.content_mask_stack.push(mask);
2914            let result = f(self);
2915            self.content_mask_stack.pop();
2916            result
2917        } else {
2918            f(self)
2919        }
2920    }
2921
2922    /// Updates the global element offset relative to the current offset. This is used to implement
2923    /// scrolling. This method should only be called during the prepaint phase of element drawing.
2924    pub fn with_element_offset<R>(
2925        &mut self,
2926        offset: Point<Pixels>,
2927        f: impl FnOnce(&mut Self) -> R,
2928    ) -> R {
2929        self.invalidator.debug_assert_prepaint();
2930
2931        if offset.is_zero() {
2932            return f(self);
2933        };
2934
2935        let abs_offset = self.element_offset() + offset;
2936        self.with_absolute_element_offset(abs_offset, f)
2937    }
2938
2939    /// Updates the global element offset based on the given offset. This is used to implement
2940    /// drag handles and other manual painting of elements. This method should only be called during
2941    /// the prepaint phase of element drawing.
2942    pub fn with_absolute_element_offset<R>(
2943        &mut self,
2944        offset: Point<Pixels>,
2945        f: impl FnOnce(&mut Self) -> R,
2946    ) -> R {
2947        self.invalidator.debug_assert_prepaint();
2948        self.element_offset_stack.push(offset);
2949        let result = f(self);
2950        self.element_offset_stack.pop();
2951        result
2952    }
2953
2954    pub(crate) fn with_element_opacity<R>(
2955        &mut self,
2956        opacity: Option<f32>,
2957        f: impl FnOnce(&mut Self) -> R,
2958    ) -> R {
2959        self.invalidator.debug_assert_paint_or_prepaint();
2960
2961        let Some(opacity) = opacity else {
2962            return f(self);
2963        };
2964
2965        let previous_opacity = self.element_opacity;
2966        self.element_opacity = previous_opacity * opacity;
2967        let result = f(self);
2968        self.element_opacity = previous_opacity;
2969        result
2970    }
2971
2972    /// Perform prepaint on child elements in a "retryable" manner, so that any side effects
2973    /// of prepaints can be discarded before prepainting again. This is used to support autoscroll
2974    /// where we need to prepaint children to detect the autoscroll bounds, then adjust the
2975    /// element offset and prepaint again. See [`crate::List`] for an example. This method should only be
2976    /// called during the prepaint phase of element drawing.
2977    pub fn transact<T, U>(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut Self) -> Result<T, U>) -> Result<T, U> {
2978        self.invalidator.debug_assert_prepaint();
2979        let index = self.prepaint_index();
2980        let result = f(self);
2981        if result.is_err() {
2982            self.next_frame.hitboxes.truncate(index.hitboxes_index);
2983            self.next_frame
2984                .tooltip_requests
2985                .truncate(index.tooltips_index);
2986            self.next_frame
2987                .deferred_draws
2988                .truncate(index.deferred_draws_index);
2989            self.next_frame
2990                .dispatch_tree
2991                .truncate(index.dispatch_tree_index);
2992            self.next_frame
2993                .accessed_element_states
2994                .truncate(index.accessed_element_states_index);
2995            self.text_system.truncate_layouts(index.line_layout_index);
2996        }
2997        result
2998    }
2999
3000    /// When you call this method during [`Element::prepaint`], containing elements will attempt to
3001    /// scroll to cause the specified bounds to become visible. When they decide to autoscroll, they will call
3002    /// [`Element::prepaint`] again with a new set of bounds. See [`crate::List`] for an example of an element
3003    /// that supports this method being called on the elements it contains. This method should only be
3004    /// called during the prepaint phase of element drawing.
3005    pub fn request_autoscroll(&mut self, bounds: Bounds<Pixels>) {
3006        self.invalidator.debug_assert_prepaint();
3007        self.requested_autoscroll = Some(bounds);
3008    }
3009
3010    /// This method can be called from a containing element such as [`crate::List`] to support the autoscroll behavior
3011    /// described in [`Self::request_autoscroll`].
3012    pub fn take_autoscroll(&mut self) -> Option<Bounds<Pixels>> {
3013        self.invalidator.debug_assert_prepaint();
3014        self.requested_autoscroll.take()
3015    }
3016
3017    /// Asynchronously load an asset, if the asset hasn't finished loading this will return None.
3018    /// Your view will be re-drawn once the asset has finished loading.
3019    ///
3020    /// Note that the multiple calls to this method will only result in one `Asset::load` call at a
3021    /// time.
3022    pub fn use_asset<A: Asset>(&mut self, source: &A::Source, cx: &mut App) -> Option<A::Output> {
3023        let (task, is_first) = cx.fetch_asset::<A>(source);
3024        task.clone().now_or_never().or_else(|| {
3025            if is_first {
3026                let entity_id = self.current_view();
3027                self.spawn(cx, {
3028                    let task = task.clone();
3029                    async move |cx| {
3030                        task.await;
3031
3032                        cx.on_next_frame(move |_, cx| {
3033                            cx.notify(entity_id);
3034                        });
3035                    }
3036                })
3037                .detach();
3038            }
3039
3040            None
3041        })
3042    }
3043
3044    /// Asynchronously load an asset, if the asset hasn't finished loading or doesn't exist this will return None.
3045    /// Your view will not be re-drawn once the asset has finished loading.
3046    ///
3047    /// Note that the multiple calls to this method will only result in one `Asset::load` call at a
3048    /// time.
3049    pub fn get_asset<A: Asset>(&mut self, source: &A::Source, cx: &mut App) -> Option<A::Output> {
3050        let (task, _) = cx.fetch_asset::<A>(source);
3051        task.now_or_never()
3052    }
3053    /// Obtain the current element offset. This method should only be called during the
3054    /// prepaint phase of element drawing.
3055    pub fn element_offset(&self) -> Point<Pixels> {
3056        self.invalidator.debug_assert_prepaint();
3057        self.element_offset_stack
3058            .last()
3059            .copied()
3060            .unwrap_or_default()
3061    }
3062
3063    /// Obtain the current element opacity. This method should only be called during the
3064    /// prepaint phase of element drawing.
3065    #[inline]
3066    pub(crate) fn element_opacity(&self) -> f32 {
3067        self.invalidator.debug_assert_paint_or_prepaint();
3068        self.element_opacity
3069    }
3070
3071    /// Obtain the current content mask. This method should only be called during element drawing.
3072    pub fn content_mask(&self) -> ContentMask<Pixels> {
3073        self.invalidator.debug_assert_paint_or_prepaint();
3074        self.content_mask_stack
3075            .last()
3076            .cloned()
3077            .unwrap_or_else(|| ContentMask {
3078                bounds: Bounds {
3079                    origin: Point::default(),
3080                    size: self.viewport_size,
3081                },
3082            })
3083    }
3084
3085    /// Provide elements in the called function with a new namespace in which their identifiers must be unique.
3086    /// This can be used within a custom element to distinguish multiple sets of child elements.
3087    pub fn with_element_namespace<R>(
3088        &mut self,
3089        element_id: impl Into<ElementId>,
3090        f: impl FnOnce(&mut Self) -> R,
3091    ) -> R {
3092        self.element_id_stack.push(element_id.into());
3093        let result = f(self);
3094        self.element_id_stack.pop();
3095        result
3096    }
3097
3098    /// Use a piece of state that exists as long this element is being rendered in consecutive frames.
3099    pub fn use_keyed_state<S: 'static>(
3100        &mut self,
3101        key: impl Into<ElementId>,
3102        cx: &mut App,
3103        init: impl FnOnce(&mut Self, &mut Context<S>) -> S,
3104    ) -> Entity<S> {
3105        let current_view = self.current_view();
3106        self.with_global_id(key.into(), |global_id, window| {
3107            window.with_element_state(global_id, |state: Option<Entity<S>>, window| {
3108                if let Some(state) = state {
3109                    (state.clone(), state)
3110                } else {
3111                    let new_state = cx.new(|cx| init(window, cx));
3112                    cx.observe(&new_state, move |_, cx| {
3113                        cx.notify(current_view);
3114                    })
3115                    .detach();
3116                    (new_state.clone(), new_state)
3117                }
3118            })
3119        })
3120    }
3121
3122    /// Use a piece of state that exists as long this element is being rendered in consecutive frames, without needing to specify a key
3123    ///
3124    /// NOTE: This method uses the location of the caller to generate an ID for this state.
3125    ///       If this is not sufficient to identify your state (e.g. you're rendering a list item),
3126    ///       you can provide a custom ElementID using the `use_keyed_state` method.
3127    #[track_caller]
3128    pub fn use_state<S: 'static>(
3129        &mut self,
3130        cx: &mut App,
3131        init: impl FnOnce(&mut Self, &mut Context<S>) -> S,
3132    ) -> Entity<S> {
3133        self.use_keyed_state(
3134            ElementId::CodeLocation(*core::panic::Location::caller()),
3135            cx,
3136            init,
3137        )
3138    }
3139
3140    /// Updates or initializes state for an element with the given id that lives across multiple
3141    /// frames. If an element with this ID existed in the rendered frame, its state will be passed
3142    /// to the given closure. The state returned by the closure will be stored so it can be referenced
3143    /// when drawing the next frame. This method should only be called as part of element drawing.
3144    pub fn with_element_state<S, R>(
3145        &mut self,
3146        global_id: &GlobalElementId,
3147        f: impl FnOnce(Option<S>, &mut Self) -> (R, S),
3148    ) -> R
3149    where
3150        S: 'static,
3151    {
3152        self.invalidator.debug_assert_paint_or_prepaint();
3153
3154        let key = (global_id.clone(), TypeId::of::<S>());
3155        self.next_frame.accessed_element_states.push(key.clone());
3156
3157        if let Some(any) = self
3158            .next_frame
3159            .element_states
3160            .remove(&key)
3161            .or_else(|| self.rendered_frame.element_states.remove(&key))
3162        {
3163            let ElementStateBox {
3164                inner,
3165                #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
3166                type_name,
3167            } = any;
3168            // Using the extra inner option to avoid needing to reallocate a new box.
3169            let mut state_box = inner
3170                .downcast::<Option<S>>()
3171                .map_err(|_| {
3172                    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
3173                    {
3174                        anyhow::anyhow!(
3175                            "invalid element state type for id, requested {:?}, actual: {:?}",
3176                            std::any::type_name::<S>(),
3177                            type_name
3178                        )
3179                    }
3180
3181                    #[cfg(not(debug_assertions))]
3182                    {
3183                        anyhow::anyhow!(
3184                            "invalid element state type for id, requested {:?}",
3185                            std::any::type_name::<S>(),
3186                        )
3187                    }
3188                })
3189                .unwrap();
3190
3191            let state = state_box.take().expect(
3192                "reentrant call to with_element_state for the same state type and element id",
3193            );
3194            let (result, state) = f(Some(state), self);
3195            state_box.replace(state);
3196            self.next_frame.element_states.insert(
3197                key,
3198                ElementStateBox {
3199                    inner: state_box,
3200                    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
3201                    type_name,
3202                },
3203            );
3204            result
3205        } else {
3206            let (result, state) = f(None, self);
3207            self.next_frame.element_states.insert(
3208                key,
3209                ElementStateBox {
3210                    inner: Box::new(Some(state)),
3211                    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
3212                    type_name: std::any::type_name::<S>(),
3213                },
3214            );
3215            result
3216        }
3217    }
3218
3219    /// A variant of `with_element_state` that allows the element's id to be optional. This is a convenience
3220    /// method for elements where the element id may or may not be assigned. Prefer using `with_element_state`
3221    /// when the element is guaranteed to have an id.
3222    ///
3223    /// The first option means 'no ID provided'
3224    /// The second option means 'not yet initialized'
3225    pub fn with_optional_element_state<S, R>(
3226        &mut self,
3227        global_id: Option<&GlobalElementId>,
3228        f: impl FnOnce(Option<Option<S>>, &mut Self) -> (R, Option<S>),
3229    ) -> R
3230    where
3231        S: 'static,
3232    {
3233        self.invalidator.debug_assert_paint_or_prepaint();
3234
3235        if let Some(global_id) = global_id {
3236            self.with_element_state(global_id, |state, cx| {
3237                let (result, state) = f(Some(state), cx);
3238                let state =
3239                    state.expect("you must return some state when you pass some element id");
3240                (result, state)
3241            })
3242        } else {
3243            let (result, state) = f(None, self);
3244            debug_assert!(
3245                state.is_none(),
3246                "you must not return an element state when passing None for the global id"
3247            );
3248            result
3249        }
3250    }
3251
3252    /// Executes the given closure within the context of a tab group.
3253    #[inline]
3254    pub fn with_tab_group<R>(&mut self, index: Option<isize>, f: impl FnOnce(&mut Self) -> R) -> R {
3255        if let Some(index) = index {
3256            self.next_frame.tab_stops.begin_group(index);
3257            let result = f(self);
3258            self.next_frame.tab_stops.end_group();
3259            result
3260        } else {
3261            f(self)
3262        }
3263    }
3264
3265    /// Defers the drawing of the given element, scheduling it to be painted on top of the currently-drawn tree
3266    /// at a later time. The `priority` parameter determines the drawing order relative to other deferred elements,
3267    /// with higher values being drawn on top.
3268    ///
3269    /// When `content_mask` is provided, the deferred element will be clipped to that region during
3270    /// both prepaint and paint. When `None`, no additional clipping is applied.
3271    ///
3272    /// This method should only be called as part of the prepaint phase of element drawing.
3273    pub fn defer_draw(
3274        &mut self,
3275        element: AnyElement,
3276        absolute_offset: Point<Pixels>,
3277        priority: usize,
3278        content_mask: Option<ContentMask<Pixels>>,
3279    ) {
3280        self.invalidator.debug_assert_prepaint();
3281        let parent_node = self.next_frame.dispatch_tree.active_node_id().unwrap();
3282        self.next_frame.deferred_draws.push(DeferredDraw {
3283            current_view: self.current_view(),
3284            parent_node,
3285            element_id_stack: self.element_id_stack.clone(),
3286            text_style_stack: self.text_style_stack.clone(),
3287            content_mask,
3288            rem_size: self.rem_size(),
3289            priority,
3290            element: Some(element),
3291            absolute_offset,
3292            prepaint_range: PrepaintStateIndex::default()..PrepaintStateIndex::default(),
3293            paint_range: PaintIndex::default()..PaintIndex::default(),
3294        });
3295    }
3296
3297    /// Creates a new painting layer for the specified bounds. A "layer" is a batch
3298    /// of geometry that are non-overlapping and have the same draw order. This is typically used
3299    /// for performance reasons.
3300    ///
3301    /// This method should only be called as part of the paint phase of element drawing.
3302    pub fn paint_layer<R>(&mut self, bounds: Bounds<Pixels>, f: impl FnOnce(&mut Self) -> R) -> R {
3303        self.invalidator.debug_assert_paint();
3304
3305        let scale_factor = self.scale_factor();
3306        let content_mask = self.content_mask();
3307        let clipped_bounds = bounds.intersect(&content_mask.bounds);
3308        if !clipped_bounds.is_empty() {
3309            self.next_frame
3310                .scene
3311                .push_layer(clipped_bounds.scale(scale_factor));
3312        }
3313
3314        let result = f(self);
3315
3316        if !clipped_bounds.is_empty() {
3317            self.next_frame.scene.pop_layer();
3318        }
3319
3320        result
3321    }
3322
3323    /// Paint one or more drop shadows into the scene for the next frame at the current z-index.
3324    ///
3325    /// This method should only be called as part of the paint phase of element drawing.
3326    pub fn paint_shadows(
3327        &mut self,
3328        bounds: Bounds<Pixels>,
3329        corner_radii: Corners<Pixels>,
3330        shadows: &[BoxShadow],
3331    ) {
3332        self.invalidator.debug_assert_paint();
3333
3334        let scale_factor = self.scale_factor();
3335        let content_mask = self.content_mask();
3336        let opacity = self.element_opacity();
3337        for shadow in shadows {
3338            let shadow_bounds = (bounds + shadow.offset).dilate(shadow.spread_radius);
3339            self.next_frame.scene.insert_primitive(Shadow {
3340                order: 0,
3341                blur_radius: shadow.blur_radius.scale(scale_factor),
3342                bounds: shadow_bounds.scale(scale_factor),
3343                content_mask: content_mask.scale(scale_factor),
3344                corner_radii: corner_radii.scale(scale_factor),
3345                color: shadow.color.opacity(opacity),
3346            });
3347        }
3348    }
3349
3350    /// Paint one or more quads into the scene for the next frame at the current stacking context.
3351    /// Quads are colored rectangular regions with an optional background, border, and corner radius.
3352    /// see [`fill`], [`outline`], and [`quad`] to construct this type.
3353    ///
3354    /// This method should only be called as part of the paint phase of element drawing.
3355    ///
3356    /// Note that the `quad.corner_radii` are allowed to exceed the bounds, creating sharp corners
3357    /// where the circular arcs meet. This will not display well when combined with dashed borders.
3358    /// Use `Corners::clamp_radii_for_quad_size` if the radii should fit within the bounds.
3359    pub fn paint_quad(&mut self, quad: PaintQuad) {
3360        self.invalidator.debug_assert_paint();
3361
3362        let scale_factor = self.scale_factor();
3363        let content_mask = self.content_mask();
3364        let opacity = self.element_opacity();
3365        self.next_frame.scene.insert_primitive(Quad {
3366            order: 0,
3367            bounds: quad.bounds.scale(scale_factor),
3368            content_mask: content_mask.scale(scale_factor),
3369            background: quad.background.opacity(opacity),
3370            border_color: quad.border_color.opacity(opacity),
3371            corner_radii: quad.corner_radii.scale(scale_factor),
3372            border_widths: quad.border_widths.scale(scale_factor),
3373            border_style: quad.border_style,
3374        });
3375    }
3376
3377    /// Paint the given `Path` into the scene for the next frame at the current z-index.
3378    ///
3379    /// This method should only be called as part of the paint phase of element drawing.
3380    pub fn paint_path(&mut self, mut path: Path<Pixels>, color: impl Into<Background>) {
3381        self.invalidator.debug_assert_paint();
3382
3383        let scale_factor = self.scale_factor();
3384        let content_mask = self.content_mask();
3385        let opacity = self.element_opacity();
3386        path.content_mask = content_mask;
3387        let color: Background = color.into();
3388        path.color = color.opacity(opacity);
3389        self.next_frame
3390            .scene
3391            .insert_primitive(path.scale(scale_factor));
3392    }
3393
3394    /// Paint an underline into the scene for the next frame at the current z-index.
3395    ///
3396    /// This method should only be called as part of the paint phase of element drawing.
3397    pub fn paint_underline(
3398        &mut self,
3399        origin: Point<Pixels>,
3400        width: Pixels,
3401        style: &UnderlineStyle,
3402    ) {
3403        self.invalidator.debug_assert_paint();
3404
3405        let scale_factor = self.scale_factor();
3406        let height = if style.wavy {
3407            style.thickness * 3.
3408        } else {
3409            style.thickness
3410        };
3411        let bounds = Bounds {
3412            origin,
3413            size: size(width, height),
3414        };
3415        let content_mask = self.content_mask();
3416        let element_opacity = self.element_opacity();
3417
3418        self.next_frame.scene.insert_primitive(Underline {
3419            order: 0,
3420            pad: 0,
3421            bounds: bounds.scale(scale_factor),
3422            content_mask: content_mask.scale(scale_factor),
3423            color: style.color.unwrap_or_default().opacity(element_opacity),
3424            thickness: style.thickness.scale(scale_factor),
3425            wavy: if style.wavy { 1 } else { 0 },
3426        });
3427    }
3428
3429    /// Paint a strikethrough into the scene for the next frame at the current z-index.
3430    ///
3431    /// This method should only be called as part of the paint phase of element drawing.
3432    pub fn paint_strikethrough(
3433        &mut self,
3434        origin: Point<Pixels>,
3435        width: Pixels,
3436        style: &StrikethroughStyle,
3437    ) {
3438        self.invalidator.debug_assert_paint();
3439
3440        let scale_factor = self.scale_factor();
3441        let height = style.thickness;
3442        let bounds = Bounds {
3443            origin,
3444            size: size(width, height),
3445        };
3446        let content_mask = self.content_mask();
3447        let opacity = self.element_opacity();
3448
3449        self.next_frame.scene.insert_primitive(Underline {
3450            order: 0,
3451            pad: 0,
3452            bounds: bounds.scale(scale_factor),
3453            content_mask: content_mask.scale(scale_factor),
3454            thickness: style.thickness.scale(scale_factor),
3455            color: style.color.unwrap_or_default().opacity(opacity),
3456            wavy: 0,
3457        });
3458    }
3459
3460    /// Paints a monochrome (non-emoji) glyph into the scene for the next frame at the current z-index.
3461    ///
3462    /// The y component of the origin is the baseline of the glyph.
3463    /// You should generally prefer to use the [`ShapedLine::paint`](crate::ShapedLine::paint) or
3464    /// [`WrappedLine::paint`](crate::WrappedLine::paint) methods in the [`TextSystem`](crate::TextSystem).
3465    /// This method is only useful if you need to paint a single glyph that has already been shaped.
3466    ///
3467    /// This method should only be called as part of the paint phase of element drawing.
3468    pub fn paint_glyph(
3469        &mut self,
3470        origin: Point<Pixels>,
3471        font_id: FontId,
3472        glyph_id: GlyphId,
3473        font_size: Pixels,
3474        color: Hsla,
3475    ) -> Result<()> {
3476        self.invalidator.debug_assert_paint();
3477
3478        let element_opacity = self.element_opacity();
3479        let scale_factor = self.scale_factor();
3480        let glyph_origin = origin.scale(scale_factor);
3481
3482        let subpixel_variant = Point {
3483            x: (glyph_origin.x.0.fract() * SUBPIXEL_VARIANTS_X as f32).floor() as u8,
3484            y: (glyph_origin.y.0.fract() * SUBPIXEL_VARIANTS_Y as f32).floor() as u8,
3485        };
3486        let subpixel_rendering = self.should_use_subpixel_rendering(font_id, font_size);
3487        let params = RenderGlyphParams {
3488            font_id,
3489            glyph_id,
3490            font_size,
3491            subpixel_variant,
3492            scale_factor,
3493            is_emoji: false,
3494            subpixel_rendering,
3495        };
3496
3497        let raster_bounds = self.text_system().raster_bounds(&params)?;
3498        if !raster_bounds.is_zero() {
3499            let tile = self
3500                .sprite_atlas
3501                .get_or_insert_with(&params.clone().into(), &mut || {
3502                    let (size, bytes) = self.text_system().rasterize_glyph(&params)?;
3503                    Ok(Some((size, Cow::Owned(bytes))))
3504                })?
3505                .expect("Callback above only errors or returns Some");
3506            let bounds = Bounds {
3507                origin: glyph_origin.map(|px| px.floor()) + raster_bounds.origin.map(Into::into),
3508                size: tile.bounds.size.map(Into::into),
3509            };
3510            let content_mask = self.content_mask().scale(scale_factor);
3511
3512            if subpixel_rendering {
3513                self.next_frame.scene.insert_primitive(SubpixelSprite {
3514                    order: 0,
3515                    pad: 0,
3516                    bounds,
3517                    content_mask,
3518                    color: color.opacity(element_opacity),
3519                    tile,
3520                    transformation: TransformationMatrix::unit(),
3521                });
3522            } else {
3523                self.next_frame.scene.insert_primitive(MonochromeSprite {
3524                    order: 0,
3525                    pad: 0,
3526                    bounds,
3527                    content_mask,
3528                    color: color.opacity(element_opacity),
3529                    tile,
3530                    transformation: TransformationMatrix::unit(),
3531                });
3532            }
3533        }
3534        Ok(())
3535    }
3536
3537    /// Paints a monochrome glyph with pre-computed raster bounds.
3538    ///
3539    /// This is faster than `paint_glyph` because it skips the per-glyph cache lookup.
3540    /// Use `ShapedLine::compute_glyph_raster_data` to batch-compute raster bounds during prepaint.
3541    pub fn paint_glyph_with_raster_bounds(
3542        &mut self,
3543        origin: Point<Pixels>,
3544        _font_id: FontId,
3545        _glyph_id: GlyphId,
3546        _font_size: Pixels,
3547        color: Hsla,
3548        raster_bounds: Bounds<DevicePixels>,
3549        params: &RenderGlyphParams,
3550    ) -> Result<()> {
3551        self.invalidator.debug_assert_paint();
3552
3553        let element_opacity = self.element_opacity();
3554        let scale_factor = self.scale_factor();
3555        let glyph_origin = origin.scale(scale_factor);
3556
3557        if !raster_bounds.is_zero() {
3558            let tile = self
3559                .sprite_atlas
3560                .get_or_insert_with(&params.clone().into(), &mut || {
3561                    let (size, bytes) = self.text_system().rasterize_glyph(params)?;
3562                    Ok(Some((size, Cow::Owned(bytes))))
3563                })?
3564                .expect("Callback above only errors or returns Some");
3565            let bounds = Bounds {
3566                origin: glyph_origin.map(|px| px.floor()) + raster_bounds.origin.map(Into::into),
3567                size: tile.bounds.size.map(Into::into),
3568            };
3569            let content_mask = self.content_mask().scale(scale_factor);
3570            self.next_frame.scene.insert_primitive(MonochromeSprite {
3571                order: 0,
3572                pad: 0,
3573                bounds,
3574                content_mask,
3575                color: color.opacity(element_opacity),
3576                tile,
3577                transformation: TransformationMatrix::unit(),
3578            });
3579        }
3580        Ok(())
3581    }
3582
3583    /// Paints an emoji glyph with pre-computed raster bounds.
3584    ///
3585    /// This is faster than `paint_emoji` because it skips the per-glyph cache lookup.
3586    /// Use `ShapedLine::compute_glyph_raster_data` to batch-compute raster bounds during prepaint.
3587    pub fn paint_emoji_with_raster_bounds(
3588        &mut self,
3589        origin: Point<Pixels>,
3590        _font_id: FontId,
3591        _glyph_id: GlyphId,
3592        _font_size: Pixels,
3593        raster_bounds: Bounds<DevicePixels>,
3594        params: &RenderGlyphParams,
3595    ) -> Result<()> {
3596        self.invalidator.debug_assert_paint();
3597
3598        let scale_factor = self.scale_factor();
3599        let glyph_origin = origin.scale(scale_factor);
3600
3601        if !raster_bounds.is_zero() {
3602            let tile = self
3603                .sprite_atlas
3604                .get_or_insert_with(&params.clone().into(), &mut || {
3605                    let (size, bytes) = self.text_system().rasterize_glyph(params)?;
3606                    Ok(Some((size, Cow::Owned(bytes))))
3607                })?
3608                .expect("Callback above only errors or returns Some");
3609
3610            let bounds = Bounds {
3611                origin: glyph_origin.map(|px| px.floor()) + raster_bounds.origin.map(Into::into),
3612                size: tile.bounds.size.map(Into::into),
3613            };
3614            let content_mask = self.content_mask().scale(scale_factor);
3615            let opacity = self.element_opacity();
3616
3617            self.next_frame.scene.insert_primitive(PolychromeSprite {
3618                order: 0,
3619                pad: 0,
3620                grayscale: false,
3621                bounds,
3622                corner_radii: Default::default(),
3623                content_mask,
3624                tile,
3625                opacity,
3626            });
3627        }
3628        Ok(())
3629    }
3630
3631    fn should_use_subpixel_rendering(&self, font_id: FontId, font_size: Pixels) -> bool {
3632        if self.platform_window.background_appearance() != WindowBackgroundAppearance::Opaque {
3633            return false;
3634        }
3635
3636        if !self.platform_window.is_subpixel_rendering_supported() {
3637            return false;
3638        }
3639
3640        let mode = match self.text_rendering_mode.get() {
3641            TextRenderingMode::PlatformDefault => self
3642                .text_system()
3643                .recommended_rendering_mode(font_id, font_size),
3644            mode => mode,
3645        };
3646
3647        mode == TextRenderingMode::Subpixel
3648    }
3649
3650    /// Paints an emoji glyph into the scene for the next frame at the current z-index.
3651    ///
3652    /// The y component of the origin is the baseline of the glyph.
3653    /// You should generally prefer to use the [`ShapedLine::paint`](crate::ShapedLine::paint) or
3654    /// [`WrappedLine::paint`](crate::WrappedLine::paint) methods in the [`TextSystem`](crate::TextSystem).
3655    /// This method is only useful if you need to paint a single emoji that has already been shaped.
3656    ///
3657    /// This method should only be called as part of the paint phase of element drawing.
3658    pub fn paint_emoji(
3659        &mut self,
3660        origin: Point<Pixels>,
3661        font_id: FontId,
3662        glyph_id: GlyphId,
3663        font_size: Pixels,
3664    ) -> Result<()> {
3665        self.invalidator.debug_assert_paint();
3666
3667        let scale_factor = self.scale_factor();
3668        let glyph_origin = origin.scale(scale_factor);
3669        let params = RenderGlyphParams {
3670            font_id,
3671            glyph_id,
3672            font_size,
3673            // We don't render emojis with subpixel variants.
3674            subpixel_variant: Default::default(),
3675            scale_factor,
3676            is_emoji: true,
3677            subpixel_rendering: false,
3678        };
3679
3680        let raster_bounds = self.text_system().raster_bounds(&params)?;
3681        if !raster_bounds.is_zero() {
3682            let tile = self
3683                .sprite_atlas
3684                .get_or_insert_with(&params.clone().into(), &mut || {
3685                    let (size, bytes) = self.text_system().rasterize_glyph(&params)?;
3686                    Ok(Some((size, Cow::Owned(bytes))))
3687                })?
3688                .expect("Callback above only errors or returns Some");
3689
3690            let bounds = Bounds {
3691                origin: glyph_origin.map(|px| px.floor()) + raster_bounds.origin.map(Into::into),
3692                size: tile.bounds.size.map(Into::into),
3693            };
3694            let content_mask = self.content_mask().scale(scale_factor);
3695            let opacity = self.element_opacity();
3696
3697            self.next_frame.scene.insert_primitive(PolychromeSprite {
3698                order: 0,
3699                pad: 0,
3700                grayscale: false,
3701                bounds,
3702                corner_radii: Default::default(),
3703                content_mask,
3704                tile,
3705                opacity,
3706            });
3707        }
3708        Ok(())
3709    }
3710
3711    /// Paint a monochrome SVG into the scene for the next frame at the current stacking context.
3712    ///
3713    /// This method should only be called as part of the paint phase of element drawing.
3714    pub fn paint_svg(
3715        &mut self,
3716        bounds: Bounds<Pixels>,
3717        path: SharedString,
3718        mut data: Option<&[u8]>,
3719        transformation: TransformationMatrix,
3720        color: Hsla,
3721        cx: &App,
3722    ) -> Result<()> {
3723        self.invalidator.debug_assert_paint();
3724
3725        let element_opacity = self.element_opacity();
3726        let scale_factor = self.scale_factor();
3727
3728        let bounds = bounds.scale(scale_factor);
3729        let params = RenderSvgParams {
3730            path,
3731            size: bounds.size.map(|pixels| {
3732                DevicePixels::from((pixels.0 * SMOOTH_SVG_SCALE_FACTOR).ceil() as i32)
3733            }),
3734        };
3735
3736        let Some(tile) =
3737            self.sprite_atlas
3738                .get_or_insert_with(&params.clone().into(), &mut || {
3739                    let Some((size, bytes)) = cx.svg_renderer.render_alpha_mask(&params, data)?
3740                    else {
3741                        return Ok(None);
3742                    };
3743                    Ok(Some((size, Cow::Owned(bytes))))
3744                })?
3745        else {
3746            return Ok(());
3747        };
3748        let content_mask = self.content_mask().scale(scale_factor);
3749        let svg_bounds = Bounds {
3750            origin: bounds.center()
3751                - Point::new(
3752                    ScaledPixels(tile.bounds.size.width.0 as f32 / SMOOTH_SVG_SCALE_FACTOR / 2.),
3753                    ScaledPixels(tile.bounds.size.height.0 as f32 / SMOOTH_SVG_SCALE_FACTOR / 2.),
3754                ),
3755            size: tile
3756                .bounds
3757                .size
3758                .map(|value| ScaledPixels(value.0 as f32 / SMOOTH_SVG_SCALE_FACTOR)),
3759        };
3760
3761        self.next_frame.scene.insert_primitive(MonochromeSprite {
3762            order: 0,
3763            pad: 0,
3764            bounds: svg_bounds
3765                .map_origin(|origin| origin.round())
3766                .map_size(|size| size.ceil()),
3767            content_mask,
3768            color: color.opacity(element_opacity),
3769            tile,
3770            transformation,
3771        });
3772
3773        Ok(())
3774    }
3775
3776    /// Paint an image into the scene for the next frame at the current z-index.
3777    /// This method will panic if the frame_index is not valid
3778    ///
3779    /// This method should only be called as part of the paint phase of element drawing.
3780    pub fn paint_image(
3781        &mut self,
3782        bounds: Bounds<Pixels>,
3783        corner_radii: Corners<Pixels>,
3784        data: Arc<RenderImage>,
3785        frame_index: usize,
3786        grayscale: bool,
3787    ) -> Result<()> {
3788        self.invalidator.debug_assert_paint();
3789
3790        let scale_factor = self.scale_factor();
3791        let bounds = bounds.scale(scale_factor);
3792        let params = RenderImageParams {
3793            image_id: data.id,
3794            frame_index,
3795        };
3796
3797        let tile = self
3798            .sprite_atlas
3799            .get_or_insert_with(&params.into(), &mut || {
3800                Ok(Some((
3801                    data.size(frame_index),
3802                    Cow::Borrowed(
3803                        data.as_bytes(frame_index)
3804                            .expect("It's the caller's job to pass a valid frame index"),
3805                    ),
3806                )))
3807            })?
3808            .expect("Callback above only returns Some");
3809        let content_mask = self.content_mask().scale(scale_factor);
3810        let corner_radii = corner_radii.scale(scale_factor);
3811        let opacity = self.element_opacity();
3812
3813        self.next_frame.scene.insert_primitive(PolychromeSprite {
3814            order: 0,
3815            pad: 0,
3816            grayscale,
3817            bounds: bounds
3818                .map_origin(|origin| origin.floor())
3819                .map_size(|size| size.ceil()),
3820            content_mask,
3821            corner_radii,
3822            tile,
3823            opacity,
3824        });
3825        Ok(())
3826    }
3827
3828    /// Paint a surface into the scene for the next frame at the current z-index.
3829    ///
3830    /// This method should only be called as part of the paint phase of element drawing.
3831    #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
3832    pub fn paint_surface(&mut self, bounds: Bounds<Pixels>, image_buffer: CVPixelBuffer) {
3833        use crate::PaintSurface;
3834
3835        self.invalidator.debug_assert_paint();
3836
3837        let scale_factor = self.scale_factor();
3838        let bounds = bounds.scale(scale_factor);
3839        let content_mask = self.content_mask().scale(scale_factor);
3840        self.next_frame.scene.insert_primitive(PaintSurface {
3841            order: 0,
3842            bounds,
3843            content_mask,
3844            image_buffer,
3845        });
3846    }
3847
3848    /// Removes an image from the sprite atlas.
3849    pub fn drop_image(&mut self, data: Arc<RenderImage>) -> Result<()> {
3850        for frame_index in 0..data.frame_count() {
3851            let params = RenderImageParams {
3852                image_id: data.id,
3853                frame_index,
3854            };
3855
3856            self.sprite_atlas.remove(&params.clone().into());
3857        }
3858
3859        Ok(())
3860    }
3861
3862    /// Add a node to the layout tree for the current frame. Takes the `Style` of the element for which
3863    /// layout is being requested, along with the layout ids of any children. This method is called during
3864    /// calls to the [`Element::request_layout`] trait method and enables any element to participate in layout.
3865    ///
3866    /// This method should only be called as part of the request_layout or prepaint phase of element drawing.
3867    #[must_use]
3868    pub fn request_layout(
3869        &mut self,
3870        style: Style,
3871        children: impl IntoIterator<Item = LayoutId>,
3872        cx: &mut App,
3873    ) -> LayoutId {
3874        self.invalidator.debug_assert_prepaint();
3875
3876        cx.layout_id_buffer.clear();
3877        cx.layout_id_buffer.extend(children);
3878        let rem_size = self.rem_size();
3879        let scale_factor = self.scale_factor();
3880
3881        self.layout_engine.as_mut().unwrap().request_layout(
3882            style,
3883            rem_size,
3884            scale_factor,
3885            &cx.layout_id_buffer,
3886        )
3887    }
3888
3889    /// Add a node to the layout tree for the current frame. Instead of taking a `Style` and children,
3890    /// this variant takes a function that is invoked during layout so you can use arbitrary logic to
3891    /// determine the element's size. One place this is used internally is when measuring text.
3892    ///
3893    /// The given closure is invoked at layout time with the known dimensions and available space and
3894    /// returns a `Size`.
3895    ///
3896    /// This method should only be called as part of the request_layout or prepaint phase of element drawing.
3897    pub fn request_measured_layout<F>(&mut self, style: Style, measure: F) -> LayoutId
3898    where
3899        F: Fn(Size<Option<Pixels>>, Size<AvailableSpace>, &mut Window, &mut App) -> Size<Pixels>
3900            + 'static,
3901    {
3902        self.invalidator.debug_assert_prepaint();
3903
3904        let rem_size = self.rem_size();
3905        let scale_factor = self.scale_factor();
3906        self.layout_engine
3907            .as_mut()
3908            .unwrap()
3909            .request_measured_layout(style, rem_size, scale_factor, measure)
3910    }
3911
3912    /// Compute the layout for the given id within the given available space.
3913    /// This method is called for its side effect, typically by the framework prior to painting.
3914    /// After calling it, you can request the bounds of the given layout node id or any descendant.
3915    ///
3916    /// This method should only be called as part of the prepaint phase of element drawing.
3917    pub fn compute_layout(
3918        &mut self,
3919        layout_id: LayoutId,
3920        available_space: Size<AvailableSpace>,
3921        cx: &mut App,
3922    ) {
3923        self.invalidator.debug_assert_prepaint();
3924
3925        let mut layout_engine = self.layout_engine.take().unwrap();
3926        layout_engine.compute_layout(layout_id, available_space, self, cx);
3927        self.layout_engine = Some(layout_engine);
3928    }
3929
3930    /// Obtain the bounds computed for the given LayoutId relative to the window. This method will usually be invoked by
3931    /// GPUI itself automatically in order to pass your element its `Bounds` automatically.
3932    ///
3933    /// This method should only be called as part of element drawing.
3934    pub fn layout_bounds(&mut self, layout_id: LayoutId) -> Bounds<Pixels> {
3935        self.invalidator.debug_assert_prepaint();
3936
3937        let scale_factor = self.scale_factor();
3938        let mut bounds = self
3939            .layout_engine
3940            .as_mut()
3941            .unwrap()
3942            .layout_bounds(layout_id, scale_factor)
3943            .map(Into::into);
3944        bounds.origin += self.element_offset();
3945        bounds
3946    }
3947
3948    /// This method should be called during `prepaint`. You can use
3949    /// the returned [Hitbox] during `paint` or in an event handler
3950    /// to determine whether the inserted hitbox was the topmost.
3951    ///
3952    /// This method should only be called as part of the prepaint phase of element drawing.
3953    pub fn insert_hitbox(&mut self, bounds: Bounds<Pixels>, behavior: HitboxBehavior) -> Hitbox {
3954        self.invalidator.debug_assert_prepaint();
3955
3956        let content_mask = self.content_mask();
3957        let mut id = self.next_hitbox_id;
3958        self.next_hitbox_id = self.next_hitbox_id.next();
3959        let hitbox = Hitbox {
3960            id,
3961            bounds,
3962            content_mask,
3963            behavior,
3964        };
3965        self.next_frame.hitboxes.push(hitbox.clone());
3966        hitbox
3967    }
3968
3969    /// Set a hitbox which will act as a control area of the platform window.
3970    ///
3971    /// This method should only be called as part of the paint phase of element drawing.
3972    pub fn insert_window_control_hitbox(&mut self, area: WindowControlArea, hitbox: Hitbox) {
3973        self.invalidator.debug_assert_paint();
3974        self.next_frame.window_control_hitboxes.push((area, hitbox));
3975    }
3976
3977    /// Sets the key context for the current element. This context will be used to translate
3978    /// keybindings into actions.
3979    ///
3980    /// This method should only be called as part of the paint phase of element drawing.
3981    pub fn set_key_context(&mut self, context: KeyContext) {
3982        self.invalidator.debug_assert_paint();
3983        self.next_frame.dispatch_tree.set_key_context(context);
3984    }
3985
3986    /// Sets the focus handle for the current element. This handle will be used to manage focus state
3987    /// and keyboard event dispatch for the element.
3988    ///
3989    /// This method should only be called as part of the prepaint phase of element drawing.
3990    pub fn set_focus_handle(&mut self, focus_handle: &FocusHandle, _: &App) {
3991        self.invalidator.debug_assert_prepaint();
3992        if focus_handle.is_focused(self) {
3993            self.next_frame.focus = Some(focus_handle.id);
3994            if self.is_a11y_active() {
3995                if let Some(node_id) = self.a11y_nodes.current_node_id() {
3996                    self.a11y_nodes.set_focused(node_id);
3997                }
3998            }
3999        }
4000        self.next_frame.dispatch_tree.set_focus_id(focus_handle.id);
4001    }
4002
4003    /// Sets the view id for the current element, which will be used to manage view caching.
4004    ///
4005    /// This method should only be called as part of element prepaint. We plan on removing this
4006    /// method eventually when we solve some issues that require us to construct editor elements
4007    /// directly instead of always using editors via views.
4008    pub fn set_view_id(&mut self, view_id: EntityId) {
4009        self.invalidator.debug_assert_prepaint();
4010        self.next_frame.dispatch_tree.set_view_id(view_id);
4011    }
4012
4013    /// Get the entity ID for the currently rendering view
4014    pub fn current_view(&self) -> EntityId {
4015        self.invalidator.debug_assert_paint_or_prepaint();
4016        self.rendered_entity_stack.last().copied().unwrap()
4017    }
4018
4019    #[inline]
4020    pub(crate) fn with_rendered_view<R>(
4021        &mut self,
4022        id: EntityId,
4023        f: impl FnOnce(&mut Self) -> R,
4024    ) -> R {
4025        self.rendered_entity_stack.push(id);
4026        let result = f(self);
4027        self.rendered_entity_stack.pop();
4028        result
4029    }
4030
4031    /// Executes the provided function with the specified image cache.
4032    pub fn with_image_cache<F, R>(&mut self, image_cache: Option<AnyImageCache>, f: F) -> R
4033    where
4034        F: FnOnce(&mut Self) -> R,
4035    {
4036        if let Some(image_cache) = image_cache {
4037            self.image_cache_stack.push(image_cache);
4038            let result = f(self);
4039            self.image_cache_stack.pop();
4040            result
4041        } else {
4042            f(self)
4043        }
4044    }
4045
4046    /// Sets an input handler, such as [`ElementInputHandler`][element_input_handler], which interfaces with the
4047    /// platform to receive textual input with proper integration with concerns such
4048    /// as IME interactions. This handler will be active for the upcoming frame until the following frame is
4049    /// rendered.
4050    ///
4051    /// This method should only be called as part of the paint phase of element drawing.
4052    ///
4053    /// [element_input_handler]: crate::ElementInputHandler
4054    pub fn handle_input(
4055        &mut self,
4056        focus_handle: &FocusHandle,
4057        input_handler: impl InputHandler,
4058        cx: &App,
4059    ) {
4060        self.invalidator.debug_assert_paint();
4061
4062        if focus_handle.is_focused(self) {
4063            let cx = self.to_async(cx);
4064            self.next_frame
4065                .input_handlers
4066                .push(Some(PlatformInputHandler::new(cx, Box::new(input_handler))));
4067        }
4068    }
4069
4070    /// Register a mouse event listener on the window for the next frame. The type of event
4071    /// is determined by the first parameter of the given listener. When the next frame is rendered
4072    /// the listener will be cleared.
4073    ///
4074    /// This method should only be called as part of the paint phase of element drawing.
4075    pub fn on_mouse_event<Event: MouseEvent>(
4076        &mut self,
4077        mut listener: impl FnMut(&Event, DispatchPhase, &mut Window, &mut App) + 'static,
4078    ) {
4079        self.invalidator.debug_assert_paint();
4080
4081        self.next_frame.mouse_listeners.push(Some(Box::new(
4082            move |event: &dyn Any, phase: DispatchPhase, window: &mut Window, cx: &mut App| {
4083                if let Some(event) = event.downcast_ref() {
4084                    listener(event, phase, window, cx)
4085                }
4086            },
4087        )));
4088    }
4089
4090    /// Register a key event listener on this node for the next frame. The type of event
4091    /// is determined by the first parameter of the given listener. When the next frame is rendered
4092    /// the listener will be cleared.
4093    ///
4094    /// This is a fairly low-level method, so prefer using event handlers on elements unless you have
4095    /// a specific need to register a listener yourself.
4096    ///
4097    /// This method should only be called as part of the paint phase of element drawing.
4098    pub fn on_key_event<Event: KeyEvent>(
4099        &mut self,
4100        listener: impl Fn(&Event, DispatchPhase, &mut Window, &mut App) + 'static,
4101    ) {
4102        self.invalidator.debug_assert_paint();
4103
4104        self.next_frame.dispatch_tree.on_key_event(Rc::new(
4105            move |event: &dyn Any, phase, window: &mut Window, cx: &mut App| {
4106                if let Some(event) = event.downcast_ref::<Event>() {
4107                    listener(event, phase, window, cx)
4108                }
4109            },
4110        ));
4111    }
4112
4113    /// Register a modifiers changed event listener on the window for the next frame.
4114    ///
4115    /// This is a fairly low-level method, so prefer using event handlers on elements unless you have
4116    /// a specific need to register a global listener.
4117    ///
4118    /// This method should only be called as part of the paint phase of element drawing.
4119    pub fn on_modifiers_changed(
4120        &mut self,
4121        listener: impl Fn(&ModifiersChangedEvent, &mut Window, &mut App) + 'static,
4122    ) {
4123        self.invalidator.debug_assert_paint();
4124
4125        self.next_frame.dispatch_tree.on_modifiers_changed(Rc::new(
4126            move |event: &ModifiersChangedEvent, window: &mut Window, cx: &mut App| {
4127                listener(event, window, cx)
4128            },
4129        ));
4130    }
4131
4132    /// Register a listener to be called when the given focus handle or one of its descendants receives focus.
4133    /// This does not fire if the given focus handle - or one of its descendants - was previously focused.
4134    /// Returns a subscription and persists until the subscription is dropped.
4135    pub fn on_focus_in(
4136        &mut self,
4137        handle: &FocusHandle,
4138        cx: &mut App,
4139        mut listener: impl FnMut(&mut Window, &mut App) + 'static,
4140    ) -> Subscription {
4141        let focus_id = handle.id;
4142        let (subscription, activate) =
4143            self.new_focus_listener(Box::new(move |event, window, cx| {
4144                if event.is_focus_in(focus_id) {
4145                    listener(window, cx);
4146                }
4147                true
4148            }));
4149        cx.defer(move |_| activate());
4150        subscription
4151    }
4152
4153    /// Register a listener to be called when the given focus handle or one of its descendants loses focus.
4154    /// Returns a subscription and persists until the subscription is dropped.
4155    pub fn on_focus_out(
4156        &mut self,
4157        handle: &FocusHandle,
4158        cx: &mut App,
4159        mut listener: impl FnMut(FocusOutEvent, &mut Window, &mut App) + 'static,
4160    ) -> Subscription {
4161        let focus_id = handle.id;
4162        let (subscription, activate) =
4163            self.new_focus_listener(Box::new(move |event, window, cx| {
4164                if let Some(blurred_id) = event.previous_focus_path.last().copied()
4165                    && event.is_focus_out(focus_id)
4166                {
4167                    let event = FocusOutEvent {
4168                        blurred: WeakFocusHandle {
4169                            id: blurred_id,
4170                            handles: Arc::downgrade(&cx.focus_handles),
4171                        },
4172                    };
4173                    listener(event, window, cx)
4174                }
4175                true
4176            }));
4177        cx.defer(move |_| activate());
4178        subscription
4179    }
4180
4181    fn reset_cursor_style(&self, cx: &mut App) {
4182        // Set the cursor only if we're the active window.
4183        if self.is_window_hovered() {
4184            let style = self
4185                .rendered_frame
4186                .cursor_style(self)
4187                .unwrap_or(CursorStyle::Arrow);
4188            cx.platform.set_cursor_style(style);
4189        }
4190    }
4191
4192    /// Dispatch a given keystroke as though the user had typed it.
4193    /// You can create a keystroke with Keystroke::parse("").
4194    pub fn dispatch_keystroke(&mut self, keystroke: Keystroke, cx: &mut App) -> bool {
4195        let keystroke = keystroke.with_simulated_ime();
4196        let result = self.dispatch_event(
4197            PlatformInput::KeyDown(KeyDownEvent {
4198                keystroke: keystroke.clone(),
4199                is_held: false,
4200                prefer_character_input: false,
4201            }),
4202            cx,
4203        );
4204        if !result.propagate {
4205            return true;
4206        }
4207
4208        if let Some(input) = keystroke.key_char
4209            && let Some(mut input_handler) = self.platform_window.take_input_handler()
4210        {
4211            input_handler.dispatch_input(&input, self, cx);
4212            self.platform_window.set_input_handler(input_handler);
4213            return true;
4214        }
4215
4216        false
4217    }
4218
4219    /// Return a key binding string for an action, to display in the UI. Uses the highest precedence
4220    /// binding for the action (last binding added to the keymap).
4221    pub fn keystroke_text_for(&self, action: &dyn Action) -> String {
4222        self.highest_precedence_binding_for_action(action)
4223            .map(|binding| {
4224                binding
4225                    .keystrokes()
4226                    .iter()
4227                    .map(ToString::to_string)
4228                    .collect::<Vec<_>>()
4229                    .join(" ")
4230            })
4231            .unwrap_or_else(|| action.name().to_string())
4232    }
4233
4234    /// Dispatch a mouse or keyboard event on the window.
4235    #[profiling::function]
4236    pub fn dispatch_event(&mut self, event: PlatformInput, cx: &mut App) -> DispatchEventResult {
4237        // Track whether this input was keyboard-based for focus-visible styling
4238        self.last_input_modality = match &event {
4239            PlatformInput::KeyDown(_) | PlatformInput::ModifiersChanged(_) => {
4240                InputModality::Keyboard
4241            }
4242            PlatformInput::MouseDown(e) if e.is_focusing() => InputModality::Mouse,
4243            _ => self.last_input_modality,
4244        };
4245
4246        // Handlers may set this to false by calling `stop_propagation`.
4247        cx.propagate_event = true;
4248        // Handlers may set this to true by calling `prevent_default`.
4249        self.default_prevented = false;
4250
4251        let event = match event {
4252            // Track the mouse position with our own state, since accessing the platform
4253            // API for the mouse position can only occur on the main thread.
4254            PlatformInput::MouseMove(mouse_move) => {
4255                self.mouse_position = mouse_move.position;
4256                self.modifiers = mouse_move.modifiers;
4257                PlatformInput::MouseMove(mouse_move)
4258            }
4259            PlatformInput::MouseDown(mouse_down) => {
4260                self.mouse_position = mouse_down.position;
4261                self.modifiers = mouse_down.modifiers;
4262                PlatformInput::MouseDown(mouse_down)
4263            }
4264            PlatformInput::MouseUp(mouse_up) => {
4265                self.mouse_position = mouse_up.position;
4266                self.modifiers = mouse_up.modifiers;
4267                PlatformInput::MouseUp(mouse_up)
4268            }
4269            PlatformInput::MousePressure(mouse_pressure) => {
4270                PlatformInput::MousePressure(mouse_pressure)
4271            }
4272            PlatformInput::MouseExited(mouse_exited) => {
4273                self.modifiers = mouse_exited.modifiers;
4274                PlatformInput::MouseExited(mouse_exited)
4275            }
4276            PlatformInput::ModifiersChanged(modifiers_changed) => {
4277                self.modifiers = modifiers_changed.modifiers;
4278                self.capslock = modifiers_changed.capslock;
4279                PlatformInput::ModifiersChanged(modifiers_changed)
4280            }
4281            PlatformInput::ScrollWheel(scroll_wheel) => {
4282                self.mouse_position = scroll_wheel.position;
4283                self.modifiers = scroll_wheel.modifiers;
4284                PlatformInput::ScrollWheel(scroll_wheel)
4285            }
4286            #[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "macos"))]
4287            PlatformInput::Pinch(pinch) => {
4288                self.mouse_position = pinch.position;
4289                self.modifiers = pinch.modifiers;
4290                PlatformInput::Pinch(pinch)
4291            }
4292            // Translate dragging and dropping of external files from the operating system
4293            // to internal drag and drop events.
4294            PlatformInput::FileDrop(file_drop) => match file_drop {
4295                FileDropEvent::Entered { position, paths } => {
4296                    self.mouse_position = position;
4297                    if cx.active_drag.is_none() {
4298                        cx.active_drag = Some(AnyDrag {
4299                            value: Arc::new(paths.clone()),
4300                            view: cx.new(|_| paths).into(),
4301                            cursor_offset: position,
4302                            cursor_style: None,
4303                        });
4304                    }
4305                    PlatformInput::MouseMove(MouseMoveEvent {
4306                        position,
4307                        pressed_button: Some(MouseButton::Left),
4308                        modifiers: Modifiers::default(),
4309                    })
4310                }
4311                FileDropEvent::Pending { position } => {
4312                    self.mouse_position = position;
4313                    PlatformInput::MouseMove(MouseMoveEvent {
4314                        position,
4315                        pressed_button: Some(MouseButton::Left),
4316                        modifiers: Modifiers::default(),
4317                    })
4318                }
4319                FileDropEvent::Submit { position } => {
4320                    cx.activate(true);
4321                    self.mouse_position = position;
4322                    PlatformInput::MouseUp(MouseUpEvent {
4323                        button: MouseButton::Left,
4324                        position,
4325                        modifiers: Modifiers::default(),
4326                        click_count: 1,
4327                    })
4328                }
4329                FileDropEvent::Exited => {
4330                    cx.active_drag.take();
4331                    PlatformInput::FileDrop(FileDropEvent::Exited)
4332                }
4333            },
4334            PlatformInput::KeyDown(_) | PlatformInput::KeyUp(_) => event,
4335        };
4336
4337        if let Some(any_mouse_event) = event.mouse_event() {
4338            self.dispatch_mouse_event(any_mouse_event, cx);
4339        } else if let Some(any_key_event) = event.keyboard_event() {
4340            self.dispatch_key_event(any_key_event, cx);
4341        }
4342
4343        if self.invalidator.is_dirty() {
4344            self.input_rate_tracker.borrow_mut().record_input();
4345        }
4346
4347        DispatchEventResult {
4348            propagate: cx.propagate_event,
4349            default_prevented: self.default_prevented,
4350        }
4351    }
4352
4353    fn dispatch_mouse_event(&mut self, event: &dyn Any, cx: &mut App) {
4354        let hit_test = self.rendered_frame.hit_test(self.mouse_position());
4355        if hit_test != self.mouse_hit_test {
4356            self.mouse_hit_test = hit_test;
4357            self.reset_cursor_style(cx);
4358        }
4359
4360        #[cfg(any(feature = "inspector", debug_assertions))]
4361        if self.is_inspector_picking(cx) {
4362            self.handle_inspector_mouse_event(event, cx);
4363            // When inspector is picking, all other mouse handling is skipped.
4364            return;
4365        }
4366
4367        let mut mouse_listeners = mem::take(&mut self.rendered_frame.mouse_listeners);
4368
4369        // Capture phase, events bubble from back to front. Handlers for this phase are used for
4370        // special purposes, such as detecting events outside of a given Bounds.
4371        for listener in &mut mouse_listeners {
4372            let listener = listener.as_mut().unwrap();
4373            listener(event, DispatchPhase::Capture, self, cx);
4374            if !cx.propagate_event {
4375                break;
4376            }
4377        }
4378
4379        // Bubble phase, where most normal handlers do their work.
4380        if cx.propagate_event {
4381            for listener in mouse_listeners.iter_mut().rev() {
4382                let listener = listener.as_mut().unwrap();
4383                listener(event, DispatchPhase::Bubble, self, cx);
4384                if !cx.propagate_event {
4385                    break;
4386                }
4387            }
4388        }
4389
4390        self.rendered_frame.mouse_listeners = mouse_listeners;
4391
4392        if cx.has_active_drag() {
4393            if event.is::<MouseMoveEvent>() {
4394                // If this was a mouse move event, redraw the window so that the
4395                // active drag can follow the mouse cursor.
4396                self.refresh();
4397            } else if event.is::<MouseUpEvent>() {
4398                // If this was a mouse up event, cancel the active drag and redraw
4399                // the window.
4400                cx.active_drag = None;
4401                self.refresh();
4402            }
4403        }
4404
4405        // Auto-release pointer capture on mouse up
4406        if event.is::<MouseUpEvent>() && self.captured_hitbox.is_some() {
4407            self.captured_hitbox = None;
4408        }
4409    }
4410
4411    fn dispatch_key_event(&mut self, event: &dyn Any, cx: &mut App) {
4412        if self.invalidator.is_dirty() {
4413            self.draw(cx).clear();
4414        }
4415
4416        let node_id = self.focus_node_id_in_rendered_frame(self.focus);
4417        let dispatch_path = self.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.dispatch_path(node_id);
4418
4419        let mut keystroke: Option<Keystroke> = None;
4420
4421        if let Some(event) = event.downcast_ref::<ModifiersChangedEvent>() {
4422            if event.modifiers.number_of_modifiers() == 0
4423                && self.pending_modifier.modifiers.number_of_modifiers() == 1
4424                && !self.pending_modifier.saw_keystroke
4425            {
4426                let key = match self.pending_modifier.modifiers {
4427                    modifiers if modifiers.shift => Some("shift"),
4428                    modifiers if modifiers.control => Some("control"),
4429                    modifiers if modifiers.alt => Some("alt"),
4430                    modifiers if modifiers.platform => Some("platform"),
4431                    modifiers if modifiers.function => Some("function"),
4432                    _ => None,
4433                };
4434                if let Some(key) = key {
4435                    keystroke = Some(Keystroke {
4436                        key: key.to_string(),
4437                        key_char: None,
4438                        modifiers: Modifiers::default(),
4439                    });
4440                }
4441            }
4442
4443            if self.pending_modifier.modifiers.number_of_modifiers() == 0
4444                && event.modifiers.number_of_modifiers() == 1
4445            {
4446                self.pending_modifier.saw_keystroke = false
4447            }
4448            self.pending_modifier.modifiers = event.modifiers
4449        } else if let Some(key_down_event) = event.downcast_ref::<KeyDownEvent>() {
4450            self.pending_modifier.saw_keystroke = true;
4451            keystroke = Some(key_down_event.keystroke.clone());
4452        }
4453
4454        let Some(keystroke) = keystroke else {
4455            self.finish_dispatch_key_event(event, dispatch_path, self.context_stack(), cx);
4456            return;
4457        };
4458
4459        cx.propagate_event = true;
4460        self.dispatch_keystroke_interceptors(event, self.context_stack(), cx);
4461        if !cx.propagate_event {
4462            self.finish_dispatch_key_event(event, dispatch_path, self.context_stack(), cx);
4463            return;
4464        }
4465
4466        let mut currently_pending = self.pending_input.take().unwrap_or_default();
4467        if currently_pending.focus.is_some() && currently_pending.focus != self.focus {
4468            currently_pending = PendingInput::default();
4469        }
4470
4471        let match_result = self.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.dispatch_key(
4472            currently_pending.keystrokes,
4473            keystroke,
4474            &dispatch_path,
4475        );
4476
4477        if !match_result.to_replay.is_empty() {
4478            self.replay_pending_input(match_result.to_replay, cx);
4479            cx.propagate_event = true;
4480        }
4481
4482        if !match_result.pending.is_empty() {
4483            currently_pending.timer.take();
4484            currently_pending.keystrokes = match_result.pending;
4485            currently_pending.focus = self.focus;
4486
4487            let text_input_requires_timeout = event
4488                .downcast_ref::<KeyDownEvent>()
4489                .filter(|key_down| key_down.keystroke.key_char.is_some())
4490                .and_then(|_| self.platform_window.take_input_handler())
4491                .map_or(false, |mut input_handler| {
4492                    let accepts = input_handler.accepts_text_input(self, cx);
4493                    self.platform_window.set_input_handler(input_handler);
4494                    accepts
4495                });
4496
4497            currently_pending.needs_timeout |=
4498                match_result.pending_has_binding || text_input_requires_timeout;
4499
4500            if currently_pending.needs_timeout {
4501                currently_pending.timer = Some(self.spawn(cx, async move |cx| {
4502                    cx.background_executor.timer(Duration::from_secs(1)).await;
4503                    cx.update(move |window, cx| {
4504                        let Some(currently_pending) = window
4505                            .pending_input
4506                            .take()
4507                            .filter(|pending| pending.focus == window.focus)
4508                        else {
4509                            return;
4510                        };
4511
4512                        let node_id = window.focus_node_id_in_rendered_frame(window.focus);
4513                        let dispatch_path =
4514                            window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.dispatch_path(node_id);
4515
4516                        let to_replay = window
4517                            .rendered_frame
4518                            .dispatch_tree
4519                            .flush_dispatch(currently_pending.keystrokes, &dispatch_path);
4520
4521                        window.pending_input_changed(cx);
4522                        window.replay_pending_input(to_replay, cx)
4523                    })
4524                    .log_err();
4525                }));
4526            } else {
4527                currently_pending.timer = None;
4528            }
4529            self.pending_input = Some(currently_pending);
4530            self.pending_input_changed(cx);
4531            cx.propagate_event = false;
4532            return;
4533        }
4534
4535        let skip_bindings = event
4536            .downcast_ref::<KeyDownEvent>()
4537            .filter(|key_down_event| key_down_event.prefer_character_input)
4538            .map(|_| {
4539                self.platform_window
4540                    .take_input_handler()
4541                    .map_or(false, |mut input_handler| {
4542                        let accepts = input_handler.accepts_text_input(self, cx);
4543                        self.platform_window.set_input_handler(input_handler);
4544                        // If modifiers are not excessive (e.g. AltGr), and the input handler is accepting text input,
4545                        // we prefer the text input over bindings.
4546                        accepts
4547                    })
4548            })
4549            .unwrap_or(false);
4550
4551        if !skip_bindings {
4552            for binding in match_result.bindings {
4553                self.dispatch_action_on_node(node_id, binding.action.as_ref(), cx);
4554                if !cx.propagate_event {
4555                    self.dispatch_keystroke_observers(
4556                        event,
4557                        Some(binding.action),
4558                        match_result.context_stack,
4559                        cx,
4560                    );
4561                    self.pending_input_changed(cx);
4562                    return;
4563                }
4564            }
4565        }
4566
4567        self.finish_dispatch_key_event(event, dispatch_path, match_result.context_stack, cx);
4568        self.pending_input_changed(cx);
4569    }
4570
4571    fn finish_dispatch_key_event(
4572        &mut self,
4573        event: &dyn Any,
4574        dispatch_path: SmallVec<[DispatchNodeId; 32]>,
4575        context_stack: Vec<KeyContext>,
4576        cx: &mut App,
4577    ) {
4578        self.dispatch_key_down_up_event(event, &dispatch_path, cx);
4579        if !cx.propagate_event {
4580            return;
4581        }
4582
4583        self.dispatch_modifiers_changed_event(event, &dispatch_path, cx);
4584        if !cx.propagate_event {
4585            return;
4586        }
4587
4588        self.dispatch_keystroke_observers(event, None, context_stack, cx);
4589    }
4590
4591    pub(crate) fn pending_input_changed(&mut self, cx: &mut App) {
4592        self.pending_input_observers
4593            .clone()
4594            .retain(&(), |callback| callback(self, cx));
4595    }
4596
4597    fn dispatch_key_down_up_event(
4598        &mut self,
4599        event: &dyn Any,
4600        dispatch_path: &SmallVec<[DispatchNodeId; 32]>,
4601        cx: &mut App,
4602    ) {
4603        // Capture phase
4604        for node_id in dispatch_path {
4605            let node = self.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.node(*node_id);
4606
4607            for key_listener in node.key_listeners.clone() {
4608                key_listener(event, DispatchPhase::Capture, self, cx);
4609                if !cx.propagate_event {
4610                    return;
4611                }
4612            }
4613        }
4614
4615        // Bubble phase
4616        for node_id in dispatch_path.iter().rev() {
4617            // Handle low level key events
4618            let node = self.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.node(*node_id);
4619            for key_listener in node.key_listeners.clone() {
4620                key_listener(event, DispatchPhase::Bubble, self, cx);
4621                if !cx.propagate_event {
4622                    return;
4623                }
4624            }
4625        }
4626    }
4627
4628    fn dispatch_modifiers_changed_event(
4629        &mut self,
4630        event: &dyn Any,
4631        dispatch_path: &SmallVec<[DispatchNodeId; 32]>,
4632        cx: &mut App,
4633    ) {
4634        let Some(event) = event.downcast_ref::<ModifiersChangedEvent>() else {
4635            return;
4636        };
4637        for node_id in dispatch_path.iter().rev() {
4638            let node = self.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.node(*node_id);
4639            for listener in node.modifiers_changed_listeners.clone() {
4640                listener(event, self, cx);
4641                if !cx.propagate_event {
4642                    return;
4643                }
4644            }
4645        }
4646    }
4647
4648    /// Determine whether a potential multi-stroke key binding is in progress on this window.
4649    pub fn has_pending_keystrokes(&self) -> bool {
4650        self.pending_input.is_some()
4651    }
4652
4653    pub(crate) fn clear_pending_keystrokes(&mut self) {
4654        self.pending_input.take();
4655    }
4656
4657    /// Returns the currently pending input keystrokes that might result in a multi-stroke key binding.
4658    pub fn pending_input_keystrokes(&self) -> Option<&[Keystroke]> {
4659        self.pending_input
4660            .as_ref()
4661            .map(|pending_input| pending_input.keystrokes.as_slice())
4662    }
4663
4664    fn replay_pending_input(&mut self, replays: SmallVec<[Replay; 1]>, cx: &mut App) {
4665        let node_id = self.focus_node_id_in_rendered_frame(self.focus);
4666        let dispatch_path = self.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.dispatch_path(node_id);
4667
4668        'replay: for replay in replays {
4669            let event = KeyDownEvent {
4670                keystroke: replay.keystroke.clone(),
4671                is_held: false,
4672                prefer_character_input: true,
4673            };
4674
4675            cx.propagate_event = true;
4676            for binding in replay.bindings {
4677                self.dispatch_action_on_node(node_id, binding.action.as_ref(), cx);
4678                if !cx.propagate_event {
4679                    self.dispatch_keystroke_observers(
4680                        &event,
4681                        Some(binding.action),
4682                        Vec::default(),
4683                        cx,
4684                    );
4685                    continue 'replay;
4686                }
4687            }
4688
4689            self.dispatch_key_down_up_event(&event, &dispatch_path, cx);
4690            if !cx.propagate_event {
4691                continue 'replay;
4692            }
4693            if let Some(input) = replay.keystroke.key_char.as_ref().cloned()
4694                && let Some(mut input_handler) = self.platform_window.take_input_handler()
4695            {
4696                input_handler.dispatch_input(&input, self, cx);
4697                self.platform_window.set_input_handler(input_handler)
4698            }
4699        }
4700    }
4701
4702    fn focus_node_id_in_rendered_frame(&self, focus_id: Option<FocusId>) -> DispatchNodeId {
4703        focus_id
4704            .and_then(|focus_id| {
4705                self.rendered_frame
4706                    .dispatch_tree
4707                    .focusable_node_id(focus_id)
4708            })
4709            .unwrap_or_else(|| self.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.root_node_id())
4710    }
4711
4712    fn dispatch_action_on_node(
4713        &mut self,
4714        node_id: DispatchNodeId,
4715        action: &dyn Action,
4716        cx: &mut App,
4717    ) {
4718        let dispatch_path = self.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.dispatch_path(node_id);
4719
4720        // Capture phase for global actions.
4721        cx.propagate_event = true;
4722        if let Some(mut global_listeners) = cx
4723            .global_action_listeners
4724            .remove(&action.as_any().type_id())
4725        {
4726            for listener in &global_listeners {
4727                listener(action.as_any(), DispatchPhase::Capture, cx);
4728                if !cx.propagate_event {
4729                    break;
4730                }
4731            }
4732
4733            global_listeners.extend(
4734                cx.global_action_listeners
4735                    .remove(&action.as_any().type_id())
4736                    .unwrap_or_default(),
4737            );
4738
4739            cx.global_action_listeners
4740                .insert(action.as_any().type_id(), global_listeners);
4741        }
4742
4743        if !cx.propagate_event {
4744            return;
4745        }
4746
4747        // Capture phase for window actions.
4748        for node_id in &dispatch_path {
4749            let node = self.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.node(*node_id);
4750            for DispatchActionListener {
4751                action_type,
4752                listener,
4753            } in node.action_listeners.clone()
4754            {
4755                let any_action = action.as_any();
4756                if action_type == any_action.type_id() {
4757                    listener(any_action, DispatchPhase::Capture, self, cx);
4758
4759                    if !cx.propagate_event {
4760                        return;
4761                    }
4762                }
4763            }
4764        }
4765
4766        // Bubble phase for window actions.
4767        for node_id in dispatch_path.iter().rev() {
4768            let node = self.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.node(*node_id);
4769            for DispatchActionListener {
4770                action_type,
4771                listener,
4772            } in node.action_listeners.clone()
4773            {
4774                let any_action = action.as_any();
4775                if action_type == any_action.type_id() {
4776                    cx.propagate_event = false; // Actions stop propagation by default during the bubble phase
4777                    listener(any_action, DispatchPhase::Bubble, self, cx);
4778
4779                    if !cx.propagate_event {
4780                        return;
4781                    }
4782                }
4783            }
4784        }
4785
4786        // Bubble phase for global actions.
4787        if let Some(mut global_listeners) = cx
4788            .global_action_listeners
4789            .remove(&action.as_any().type_id())
4790        {
4791            for listener in global_listeners.iter().rev() {
4792                cx.propagate_event = false; // Actions stop propagation by default during the bubble phase
4793
4794                listener(action.as_any(), DispatchPhase::Bubble, cx);
4795                if !cx.propagate_event {
4796                    break;
4797                }
4798            }
4799
4800            global_listeners.extend(
4801                cx.global_action_listeners
4802                    .remove(&action.as_any().type_id())
4803                    .unwrap_or_default(),
4804            );
4805
4806            cx.global_action_listeners
4807                .insert(action.as_any().type_id(), global_listeners);
4808        }
4809    }
4810
4811    /// Register the given handler to be invoked whenever the global of the given type
4812    /// is updated.
4813    pub fn observe_global<G: Global>(
4814        &mut self,
4815        cx: &mut App,
4816        f: impl Fn(&mut Window, &mut App) + 'static,
4817    ) -> Subscription {
4818        let window_handle = self.handle;
4819        let (subscription, activate) = cx.global_observers.insert(
4820            TypeId::of::<G>(),
4821            Box::new(move |cx| {
4822                window_handle
4823                    .update(cx, |_, window, cx| f(window, cx))
4824                    .is_ok()
4825            }),
4826        );
4827        cx.defer(move |_| activate());
4828        subscription
4829    }
4830
4831    /// Focus the current window and bring it to the foreground at the platform level.
4832    pub fn activate_window(&self) {
4833        self.platform_window.activate();
4834    }
4835
4836    /// Minimize the current window at the platform level.
4837    pub fn minimize_window(&self) {
4838        self.platform_window.minimize();
4839    }
4840
4841    /// Toggle full screen status on the current window at the platform level.
4842    pub fn toggle_fullscreen(&self) {
4843        self.platform_window.toggle_fullscreen();
4844    }
4845
4846    /// Updates the IME panel position suggestions for languages like japanese, chinese.
4847    pub fn invalidate_character_coordinates(&self) {
4848        self.on_next_frame(|window, cx| {
4849            if let Some(mut input_handler) = window.platform_window.take_input_handler() {
4850                if let Some(bounds) = input_handler.selected_bounds(window, cx) {
4851                    window.platform_window.update_ime_position(bounds);
4852                }
4853                window.platform_window.set_input_handler(input_handler);
4854            }
4855        });
4856    }
4857
4858    /// Present a platform dialog.
4859    /// The provided message will be presented, along with buttons for each answer.
4860    /// When a button is clicked, the returned Receiver will receive the index of the clicked button.
4861    pub fn prompt<T>(
4862        &mut self,
4863        level: PromptLevel,
4864        message: &str,
4865        detail: Option<&str>,
4866        answers: &[T],
4867        cx: &mut App,
4868    ) -> oneshot::Receiver<usize>
4869    where
4870        T: Clone + Into<PromptButton>,
4871    {
4872        let prompt_builder = cx.prompt_builder.take();
4873        let Some(prompt_builder) = prompt_builder else {
4874            unreachable!("Re-entrant window prompting is not supported by GPUI");
4875        };
4876
4877        let answers = answers
4878            .iter()
4879            .map(|answer| answer.clone().into())
4880            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
4881
4882        let receiver = match &prompt_builder {
4883            PromptBuilder::Default => self
4884                .platform_window
4885                .prompt(level, message, detail, &answers)
4886                .unwrap_or_else(|| {
4887                    self.build_custom_prompt(&prompt_builder, level, message, detail, &answers, cx)
4888                }),
4889            PromptBuilder::Custom(_) => {
4890                self.build_custom_prompt(&prompt_builder, level, message, detail, &answers, cx)
4891            }
4892        };
4893
4894        cx.prompt_builder = Some(prompt_builder);
4895
4896        receiver
4897    }
4898
4899    fn build_custom_prompt(
4900        &mut self,
4901        prompt_builder: &PromptBuilder,
4902        level: PromptLevel,
4903        message: &str,
4904        detail: Option<&str>,
4905        answers: &[PromptButton],
4906        cx: &mut App,
4907    ) -> oneshot::Receiver<usize> {
4908        let (sender, receiver) = oneshot::channel();
4909        let handle = PromptHandle::new(sender);
4910        let handle = (prompt_builder)(level, message, detail, answers, handle, self, cx);
4911        self.prompt = Some(handle);
4912        receiver
4913    }
4914
4915    /// Returns the current context stack.
4916    pub fn context_stack(&self) -> Vec<KeyContext> {
4917        let node_id = self.focus_node_id_in_rendered_frame(self.focus);
4918        let dispatch_tree = &self.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree;
4919        dispatch_tree
4920            .dispatch_path(node_id)
4921            .iter()
4922            .filter_map(move |&node_id| dispatch_tree.node(node_id).context.clone())
4923            .collect()
4924    }
4925
4926    /// Returns all available actions for the focused element.
4927    pub fn available_actions(&self, cx: &App) -> Vec<Box<dyn Action>> {
4928        let node_id = self.focus_node_id_in_rendered_frame(self.focus);
4929        let mut actions = self.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.available_actions(node_id);
4930        for action_type in cx.global_action_listeners.keys() {
4931            if let Err(ix) = actions.binary_search_by_key(action_type, |a| a.as_any().type_id()) {
4932                let action = cx.actions.build_action_type(action_type).ok();
4933                if let Some(action) = action {
4934                    actions.insert(ix, action);
4935                }
4936            }
4937        }
4938        actions
4939    }
4940
4941    /// Returns key bindings that invoke an action on the currently focused element. Bindings are
4942    /// returned in the order they were added. For display, the last binding should take precedence.
4943    pub fn bindings_for_action(&self, action: &dyn Action) -> Vec<KeyBinding> {
4944        self.rendered_frame
4945            .dispatch_tree
4946            .bindings_for_action(action, &self.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.context_stack)
4947    }
4948
4949    /// Returns the highest precedence key binding that invokes an action on the currently focused
4950    /// element. This is more efficient than getting the last result of `bindings_for_action`.
4951    pub fn highest_precedence_binding_for_action(&self, action: &dyn Action) -> Option<KeyBinding> {
4952        self.rendered_frame
4953            .dispatch_tree
4954            .highest_precedence_binding_for_action(
4955                action,
4956                &self.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.context_stack,
4957            )
4958    }
4959
4960    /// Returns the key bindings for an action in a context.
4961    pub fn bindings_for_action_in_context(
4962        &self,
4963        action: &dyn Action,
4964        context: KeyContext,
4965    ) -> Vec<KeyBinding> {
4966        let dispatch_tree = &self.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree;
4967        dispatch_tree.bindings_for_action(action, &[context])
4968    }
4969
4970    /// Returns the highest precedence key binding for an action in a context. This is more
4971    /// efficient than getting the last result of `bindings_for_action_in_context`.
4972    pub fn highest_precedence_binding_for_action_in_context(
4973        &self,
4974        action: &dyn Action,
4975        context: KeyContext,
4976    ) -> Option<KeyBinding> {
4977        let dispatch_tree = &self.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree;
4978        dispatch_tree.highest_precedence_binding_for_action(action, &[context])
4979    }
4980
4981    /// Returns any bindings that would invoke an action on the given focus handle if it were
4982    /// focused. Bindings are returned in the order they were added. For display, the last binding
4983    /// should take precedence.
4984    pub fn bindings_for_action_in(
4985        &self,
4986        action: &dyn Action,
4987        focus_handle: &FocusHandle,
4988    ) -> Vec<KeyBinding> {
4989        let dispatch_tree = &self.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree;
4990        let Some(context_stack) = self.context_stack_for_focus_handle(focus_handle) else {
4991            return vec![];
4992        };
4993        dispatch_tree.bindings_for_action(action, &context_stack)
4994    }
4995
4996    /// Returns the highest precedence key binding that would invoke an action on the given focus
4997    /// handle if it were focused. This is more efficient than getting the last result of
4998    /// `bindings_for_action_in`.
4999    pub fn highest_precedence_binding_for_action_in(
5000        &self,
5001        action: &dyn Action,
5002        focus_handle: &FocusHandle,
5003    ) -> Option<KeyBinding> {
5004        let dispatch_tree = &self.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree;
5005        let context_stack = self.context_stack_for_focus_handle(focus_handle)?;
5006        dispatch_tree.highest_precedence_binding_for_action(action, &context_stack)
5007    }
5008
5009    /// Find the bindings that can follow the current input sequence for the current context stack.
5010    pub fn possible_bindings_for_input(&self, input: &[Keystroke]) -> Vec<KeyBinding> {
5011        self.rendered_frame
5012            .dispatch_tree
5013            .possible_next_bindings_for_input(input, &self.context_stack())
5014    }
5015
5016    fn context_stack_for_focus_handle(
5017        &self,
5018        focus_handle: &FocusHandle,
5019    ) -> Option<Vec<KeyContext>> {
5020        let dispatch_tree = &self.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree;
5021        let node_id = dispatch_tree.focusable_node_id(focus_handle.id)?;
5022        let context_stack: Vec<_> = dispatch_tree
5023            .dispatch_path(node_id)
5024            .into_iter()
5025            .filter_map(|node_id| dispatch_tree.node(node_id).context.clone())
5026            .collect();
5027        Some(context_stack)
5028    }
5029
5030    /// Returns a generic event listener that invokes the given listener with the view and context associated with the given view handle.
5031    pub fn listener_for<T: 'static, E>(
5032        &self,
5033        view: &Entity<T>,
5034        f: impl Fn(&mut T, &E, &mut Window, &mut Context<T>) + 'static,
5035    ) -> impl Fn(&E, &mut Window, &mut App) + 'static {
5036        let view = view.downgrade();
5037        move |e: &E, window: &mut Window, cx: &mut App| {
5038            view.update(cx, |view, cx| f(view, e, window, cx)).ok();
5039        }
5040    }
5041
5042    /// Returns a generic handler that invokes the given handler with the view and context associated with the given view handle.
5043    pub fn handler_for<E: 'static, Callback: Fn(&mut E, &mut Window, &mut Context<E>) + 'static>(
5044        &self,
5045        entity: &Entity<E>,
5046        f: Callback,
5047    ) -> impl Fn(&mut Window, &mut App) + 'static {
5048        let entity = entity.downgrade();
5049        move |window: &mut Window, cx: &mut App| {
5050            entity.update(cx, |entity, cx| f(entity, window, cx)).ok();
5051        }
5052    }
5053
5054    /// Register a callback that can interrupt the closing of the current window based the returned boolean.
5055    /// If the callback returns false, the window won't be closed.
5056    pub fn on_window_should_close(
5057        &self,
5058        cx: &App,
5059        f: impl Fn(&mut Window, &mut App) -> bool + 'static,
5060    ) {
5061        let mut cx = self.to_async(cx);
5062        self.platform_window.on_should_close(Box::new(move || {
5063            cx.update(|window, cx| f(window, cx)).unwrap_or(true)
5064        }))
5065    }
5066
5067    /// Register an action listener on this node for the next frame. The type of action
5068    /// is determined by the first parameter of the given listener. When the next frame is rendered
5069    /// the listener will be cleared.
5070    ///
5071    /// This is a fairly low-level method, so prefer using action handlers on elements unless you have
5072    /// a specific need to register a listener yourself.
5073    ///
5074    /// This method should only be called as part of the paint phase of element drawing.
5075    pub fn on_action(
5076        &mut self,
5077        action_type: TypeId,
5078        listener: impl Fn(&dyn Any, DispatchPhase, &mut Window, &mut App) + 'static,
5079    ) {
5080        self.invalidator.debug_assert_paint();
5081
5082        self.next_frame
5083            .dispatch_tree
5084            .on_action(action_type, Rc::new(listener));
5085    }
5086
5087    /// Register a capturing action listener on this node for the next frame if the condition is true.
5088    /// The type of action is determined by the first parameter of the given listener. When the next
5089    /// frame is rendered the listener will be cleared.
5090    ///
5091    /// This is a fairly low-level method, so prefer using action handlers on elements unless you have
5092    /// a specific need to register a listener yourself.
5093    ///
5094    /// This method should only be called as part of the paint phase of element drawing.
5095    pub fn on_action_when(
5096        &mut self,
5097        condition: bool,
5098        action_type: TypeId,
5099        listener: impl Fn(&dyn Any, DispatchPhase, &mut Window, &mut App) + 'static,
5100    ) {
5101        self.invalidator.debug_assert_paint();
5102
5103        if condition {
5104            self.next_frame
5105                .dispatch_tree
5106                .on_action(action_type, Rc::new(listener));
5107        }
5108    }
5109
5110    /// Read information about the GPU backing this window.
5111    /// Currently returns None on Mac and Windows.
5112    pub fn gpu_specs(&self) -> Option<GpuSpecs> {
5113        self.platform_window.gpu_specs()
5114    }
5115
5116    /// Perform titlebar double-click action.
5117    /// This is macOS specific.
5118    pub fn titlebar_double_click(&self) {
5119        self.platform_window.titlebar_double_click();
5120    }
5121
5122    /// Gets the window's title at the platform level.
5123    /// This is macOS specific.
5124    pub fn window_title(&self) -> String {
5125        self.platform_window.get_title()
5126    }
5127
5128    /// Returns a list of all tabbed windows and their titles.
5129    /// This is macOS specific.
5130    pub fn tabbed_windows(&self) -> Option<Vec<SystemWindowTab>> {
5131        self.platform_window.tabbed_windows()
5132    }
5133
5134    /// Returns the tab bar visibility.
5135    /// This is macOS specific.
5136    pub fn tab_bar_visible(&self) -> bool {
5137        self.platform_window.tab_bar_visible()
5138    }
5139
5140    /// Merges all open windows into a single tabbed window.
5141    /// This is macOS specific.
5142    pub fn merge_all_windows(&self) {
5143        self.platform_window.merge_all_windows()
5144    }
5145
5146    /// Moves the tab to a new containing window.
5147    /// This is macOS specific.
5148    pub fn move_tab_to_new_window(&self) {
5149        self.platform_window.move_tab_to_new_window()
5150    }
5151
5152    /// Shows or hides the window tab overview.
5153    /// This is macOS specific.
5154    pub fn toggle_window_tab_overview(&self) {
5155        self.platform_window.toggle_window_tab_overview()
5156    }
5157
5158    /// Sets the tabbing identifier for the window.
5159    /// This is macOS specific.
5160    pub fn set_tabbing_identifier(&self, tabbing_identifier: Option<String>) {
5161        self.platform_window
5162            .set_tabbing_identifier(tabbing_identifier)
5163    }
5164
5165    /// Toggles the inspector mode on this window.
5166    #[cfg(any(feature = "inspector", debug_assertions))]
5167    pub fn toggle_inspector(&mut self, cx: &mut App) {
5168        self.inspector = match self.inspector {
5169            None => Some(cx.new(|_| Inspector::new())),
5170            Some(_) => None,
5171        };
5172        self.refresh();
5173    }
5174
5175    /// Returns true if the window is in inspector mode.
5176    pub fn is_inspector_picking(&self, _cx: &App) -> bool {
5177        #[cfg(any(feature = "inspector", debug_assertions))]
5178        {
5179            if let Some(inspector) = &self.inspector {
5180                return inspector.read(_cx).is_picking();
5181            }
5182        }
5183        false
5184    }
5185
5186    /// Executes the provided function with mutable access to an inspector state.
5187    #[cfg(any(feature = "inspector", debug_assertions))]
5188    pub fn with_inspector_state<T: 'static, R>(
5189        &mut self,
5190        _inspector_id: Option<&crate::InspectorElementId>,
5191        cx: &mut App,
5192        f: impl FnOnce(&mut Option<T>, &mut Self) -> R,
5193    ) -> R {
5194        if let Some(inspector_id) = _inspector_id
5195            && let Some(inspector) = &self.inspector
5196        {
5197            let inspector = inspector.clone();
5198            let active_element_id = inspector.read(cx).active_element_id();
5199            if Some(inspector_id) == active_element_id {
5200                return inspector.update(cx, |inspector, _cx| {
5201                    inspector.with_active_element_state(self, f)
5202                });
5203            }
5204        }
5205        f(&mut None, self)
5206    }
5207
5208    #[cfg(any(feature = "inspector", debug_assertions))]
5209    pub(crate) fn build_inspector_element_id(
5210        &mut self,
5211        path: crate::InspectorElementPath,
5212    ) -> crate::InspectorElementId {
5213        self.invalidator.debug_assert_paint_or_prepaint();
5214        let path = Rc::new(path);
5215        let next_instance_id = self
5216            .next_frame
5217            .next_inspector_instance_ids
5218            .entry(path.clone())
5219            .or_insert(0);
5220        let instance_id = *next_instance_id;
5221        *next_instance_id += 1;
5222        crate::InspectorElementId { path, instance_id }
5223    }
5224
5225    #[cfg(any(feature = "inspector", debug_assertions))]
5226    fn prepaint_inspector(&mut self, inspector_width: Pixels, cx: &mut App) -> Option<AnyElement> {
5227        if let Some(inspector) = self.inspector.take() {
5228            let mut inspector_element = AnyView::from(inspector.clone()).into_any_element();
5229            inspector_element.prepaint_as_root(
5230                point(self.viewport_size.width - inspector_width, px(0.0)),
5231                size(inspector_width, self.viewport_size.height).into(),
5232                self,
5233                cx,
5234            );
5235            self.inspector = Some(inspector);
5236            Some(inspector_element)
5237        } else {
5238            None
5239        }
5240    }
5241
5242    #[cfg(any(feature = "inspector", debug_assertions))]
5243    fn paint_inspector(&mut self, mut inspector_element: Option<AnyElement>, cx: &mut App) {
5244        if let Some(mut inspector_element) = inspector_element {
5245            inspector_element.paint(self, cx);
5246        };
5247    }
5248
5249    /// Registers a hitbox that can be used for inspector picking mode, allowing users to select and
5250    /// inspect UI elements by clicking on them.
5251    #[cfg(any(feature = "inspector", debug_assertions))]
5252    pub fn insert_inspector_hitbox(
5253        &mut self,
5254        hitbox_id: HitboxId,
5255        inspector_id: Option<&crate::InspectorElementId>,
5256        cx: &App,
5257    ) {
5258        self.invalidator.debug_assert_paint_or_prepaint();
5259        if !self.is_inspector_picking(cx) {
5260            return;
5261        }
5262        if let Some(inspector_id) = inspector_id {
5263            self.next_frame
5264                .inspector_hitboxes
5265                .insert(hitbox_id, inspector_id.clone());
5266        }
5267    }
5268
5269    #[cfg(any(feature = "inspector", debug_assertions))]
5270    fn paint_inspector_hitbox(&mut self, cx: &App) {
5271        if let Some(inspector) = self.inspector.as_ref() {
5272            let inspector = inspector.read(cx);
5273            if let Some((hitbox_id, _)) = self.hovered_inspector_hitbox(inspector, &self.next_frame)
5274                && let Some(hitbox) = self
5275                    .next_frame
5276                    .hitboxes
5277                    .iter()
5278                    .find(|hitbox| hitbox.id == hitbox_id)
5279            {
5280                self.paint_quad(crate::fill(hitbox.bounds, crate::rgba(0x61afef4d)));
5281            }
5282        }
5283    }
5284
5285    #[cfg(any(feature = "inspector", debug_assertions))]
5286    fn handle_inspector_mouse_event(&mut self, event: &dyn Any, cx: &mut App) {
5287        let Some(inspector) = self.inspector.clone() else {
5288            return;
5289        };
5290        if event.downcast_ref::<MouseMoveEvent>().is_some() {
5291            inspector.update(cx, |inspector, _cx| {
5292                if let Some((_, inspector_id)) =
5293                    self.hovered_inspector_hitbox(inspector, &self.rendered_frame)
5294                {
5295                    inspector.hover(inspector_id, self);
5296                }
5297            });
5298        } else if event.downcast_ref::<crate::MouseDownEvent>().is_some() {
5299            inspector.update(cx, |inspector, _cx| {
5300                if let Some((_, inspector_id)) =
5301                    self.hovered_inspector_hitbox(inspector, &self.rendered_frame)
5302                {
5303                    inspector.select(inspector_id, self);
5304                }
5305            });
5306        } else if let Some(event) = event.downcast_ref::<crate::ScrollWheelEvent>() {
5307            // This should be kept in sync with SCROLL_LINES in x11 platform.
5308            const SCROLL_LINES: f32 = 3.0;
5309            const SCROLL_PIXELS_PER_LAYER: f32 = 36.0;
5310            let delta_y = event
5311                .delta
5312                .pixel_delta(px(SCROLL_PIXELS_PER_LAYER / SCROLL_LINES))
5313                .y;
5314            if let Some(inspector) = self.inspector.clone() {
5315                inspector.update(cx, |inspector, _cx| {
5316                    if let Some(depth) = inspector.pick_depth.as_mut() {
5317                        *depth += f32::from(delta_y) / SCROLL_PIXELS_PER_LAYER;
5318                        let max_depth = self.mouse_hit_test.ids.len() as f32 - 0.5;
5319                        if *depth < 0.0 {
5320                            *depth = 0.0;
5321                        } else if *depth > max_depth {
5322                            *depth = max_depth;
5323                        }
5324                        if let Some((_, inspector_id)) =
5325                            self.hovered_inspector_hitbox(inspector, &self.rendered_frame)
5326                        {
5327                            inspector.set_active_element_id(inspector_id, self);
5328                        }
5329                    }
5330                });
5331            }
5332        }
5333    }
5334
5335    #[cfg(any(feature = "inspector", debug_assertions))]
5336    fn hovered_inspector_hitbox(
5337        &self,
5338        inspector: &Inspector,
5339        frame: &Frame,
5340    ) -> Option<(HitboxId, crate::InspectorElementId)> {
5341        if let Some(pick_depth) = inspector.pick_depth {
5342            let depth = (pick_depth as i64).try_into().unwrap_or(0);
5343            let max_skipped = self.mouse_hit_test.ids.len().saturating_sub(1);
5344            let skip_count = (depth as usize).min(max_skipped);
5345            for hitbox_id in self.mouse_hit_test.ids.iter().skip(skip_count) {
5346                if let Some(inspector_id) = frame.inspector_hitboxes.get(hitbox_id) {
5347                    return Some((*hitbox_id, inspector_id.clone()));
5348                }
5349            }
5350        }
5351        None
5352    }
5353
5354    /// For testing: set the current modifier keys state.
5355    /// This does not generate any events.
5356    #[cfg(any(test, feature = "test-support"))]
5357    pub fn set_modifiers(&mut self, modifiers: Modifiers) {
5358        self.modifiers = modifiers;
5359    }
5360
5361    /// For testing: simulate a mouse move event to the given position.
5362    /// This dispatches the event through the normal event handling path,
5363    /// which will trigger hover states and tooltips.
5364    #[cfg(any(test, feature = "test-support"))]
5365    pub fn simulate_mouse_move(&mut self, position: Point<Pixels>, cx: &mut App) {
5366        let event = PlatformInput::MouseMove(MouseMoveEvent {
5367            position,
5368            modifiers: self.modifiers,
5369            pressed_button: None,
5370        });
5371        let _ = self.dispatch_event(event, cx);
5372    }
5373}
5374
5375// #[derive(Clone, Copy, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
5376slotmap::new_key_type! {
5377    /// A unique identifier for a window.
5378    pub struct WindowId;
5379}
5380
5381impl WindowId {
5382    /// Converts this window ID to a `u64`.
5383    pub fn as_u64(&self) -> u64 {
5384        self.0.as_ffi()
5385    }
5386}
5387
5388impl From<u64> for WindowId {
5389    fn from(value: u64) -> Self {
5390        WindowId(slotmap::KeyData::from_ffi(value))
5391    }
5392}
5393
5394/// A handle to a window with a specific root view type.
5395/// Note that this does not keep the window alive on its own.
5396#[derive(Deref, DerefMut)]
5397pub struct WindowHandle<V> {
5398    #[deref]
5399    #[deref_mut]
5400    pub(crate) any_handle: AnyWindowHandle,
5401    state_type: PhantomData<fn(V) -> V>,
5402}
5403
5404impl<V> Debug for WindowHandle<V> {
5405    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
5406        f.debug_struct("WindowHandle")
5407            .field("any_handle", &self.any_handle.id.as_u64())
5408            .finish()
5409    }
5410}
5411
5412impl<V: 'static + Render> WindowHandle<V> {
5413    /// Creates a new handle from a window ID.
5414    /// This does not check if the root type of the window is `V`.
5415    pub fn new(id: WindowId) -> Self {
5416        WindowHandle {
5417            any_handle: AnyWindowHandle {
5418                id,
5419                state_type: TypeId::of::<V>(),
5420            },
5421            state_type: PhantomData,
5422        }
5423    }
5424
5425    /// Get the root view out of this window.
5426    ///
5427    /// This will fail if the window is closed or if the root view's type does not match `V`.
5428    #[cfg(any(test, feature = "test-support"))]
5429    pub fn root<C>(&self, cx: &mut C) -> Result<Entity<V>>
5430    where
5431        C: AppContext,
5432    {
5433        cx.update_window(self.any_handle, |root_view, _, _| {
5434            root_view
5435                .downcast::<V>()
5436                .map_err(|_| anyhow!("the type of the window's root view has changed"))
5437        })?
5438    }
5439
5440    /// Updates the root view of this window.
5441    ///
5442    /// This will fail if the window has been closed or if the root view's type does not match
5443    pub fn update<C, R>(
5444        &self,
5445        cx: &mut C,
5446        update: impl FnOnce(&mut V, &mut Window, &mut Context<V>) -> R,
5447    ) -> Result<R>
5448    where
5449        C: AppContext,
5450    {
5451        cx.update_window(self.any_handle, |root_view, window, cx| {
5452            let view = root_view
5453                .downcast::<V>()
5454                .map_err(|_| anyhow!("the type of the window's root view has changed"))?;
5455
5456            Ok(view.update(cx, |view, cx| update(view, window, cx)))
5457        })?
5458    }
5459
5460    /// Read the root view out of this window.
5461    ///
5462    /// This will fail if the window is closed or if the root view's type does not match `V`.
5463    pub fn read<'a>(&self, cx: &'a App) -> Result<&'a V> {
5464        let x = cx
5465            .windows
5466            .get(self.id)
5467            .and_then(|window| {
5468                window
5469                    .as_deref()
5470                    .and_then(|window| window.root.clone())
5471                    .map(|root_view| root_view.downcast::<V>())
5472            })
5473            .context("window not found")?
5474            .map_err(|_| anyhow!("the type of the window's root view has changed"))?;
5475
5476        Ok(x.read(cx))
5477    }
5478
5479    /// Read the root view out of this window, with a callback
5480    ///
5481    /// This will fail if the window is closed or if the root view's type does not match `V`.
5482    pub fn read_with<C, R>(&self, cx: &C, read_with: impl FnOnce(&V, &App) -> R) -> Result<R>
5483    where
5484        C: AppContext,
5485    {
5486        cx.read_window(self, |root_view, cx| read_with(root_view.read(cx), cx))
5487    }
5488
5489    /// Read the root view pointer off of this window.
5490    ///
5491    /// This will fail if the window is closed or if the root view's type does not match `V`.
5492    pub fn entity<C>(&self, cx: &C) -> Result<Entity<V>>
5493    where
5494        C: AppContext,
5495    {
5496        cx.read_window(self, |root_view, _cx| root_view)
5497    }
5498
5499    /// Check if this window is 'active'.
5500    ///
5501    /// Will return `None` if the window is closed or currently
5502    /// borrowed.
5503    pub fn is_active(&self, cx: &mut App) -> Option<bool> {
5504        cx.update_window(self.any_handle, |_, window, _| window.is_window_active())
5505            .ok()
5506    }
5507}
5508
5509impl<V> Copy for WindowHandle<V> {}
5510
5511impl<V> Clone for WindowHandle<V> {
5512    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
5513        *self
5514    }
5515}
5516
5517impl<V> PartialEq for WindowHandle<V> {
5518    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
5519        self.any_handle == other.any_handle
5520    }
5521}
5522
5523impl<V> Eq for WindowHandle<V> {}
5524
5525impl<V> Hash for WindowHandle<V> {
5526    fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
5527        self.any_handle.hash(state);
5528    }
5529}
5530
5531impl<V: 'static> From<WindowHandle<V>> for AnyWindowHandle {
5532    fn from(val: WindowHandle<V>) -> Self {
5533        val.any_handle
5534    }
5535}
5536
5537/// A handle to a window with any root view type, which can be downcast to a window with a specific root view type.
5538#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Debug)]
5539pub struct AnyWindowHandle {
5540    pub(crate) id: WindowId,
5541    state_type: TypeId,
5542}
5543
5544impl AnyWindowHandle {
5545    /// Get the ID of this window.
5546    pub fn window_id(&self) -> WindowId {
5547        self.id
5548    }
5549
5550    /// Attempt to convert this handle to a window handle with a specific root view type.
5551    /// If the types do not match, this will return `None`.
5552    pub fn downcast<T: 'static>(&self) -> Option<WindowHandle<T>> {
5553        if TypeId::of::<T>() == self.state_type {
5554            Some(WindowHandle {
5555                any_handle: *self,
5556                state_type: PhantomData,
5557            })
5558        } else {
5559            None
5560        }
5561    }
5562
5563    /// Updates the state of the root view of this window.
5564    ///
5565    /// This will fail if the window has been closed.
5566    pub fn update<C, R>(
5567        self,
5568        cx: &mut C,
5569        update: impl FnOnce(AnyView, &mut Window, &mut App) -> R,
5570    ) -> Result<R>
5571    where
5572        C: AppContext,
5573    {
5574        cx.update_window(self, update)
5575    }
5576
5577    /// Read the state of the root view of this window.
5578    ///
5579    /// This will fail if the window has been closed.
5580    pub fn read<T, C, R>(self, cx: &C, read: impl FnOnce(Entity<T>, &App) -> R) -> Result<R>
5581    where
5582        C: AppContext,
5583        T: 'static,
5584    {
5585        let view = self
5586            .downcast::<T>()
5587            .context("the type of the window's root view has changed")?;
5588
5589        cx.read_window(&view, read)
5590    }
5591}
5592
5593impl HasWindowHandle for Window {
5594    fn window_handle(&self) -> Result<raw_window_handle::WindowHandle<'_>, HandleError> {
5595        self.platform_window.window_handle()
5596    }
5597}
5598
5599impl HasDisplayHandle for Window {
5600    fn display_handle(
5601        &self,
5602    ) -> std::result::Result<raw_window_handle::DisplayHandle<'_>, HandleError> {
5603        self.platform_window.display_handle()
5604    }
5605}
5606
5607/// An identifier for an [`Element`].
5608///
5609/// Can be constructed with a string, a number, or both, as well
5610/// as other internal representations.
5611#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
5612pub enum ElementId {
5613    /// The ID of a View element
5614    View(EntityId),
5615    /// An integer ID.
5616    Integer(u64),
5617    /// A string based ID.
5618    Name(SharedString),
5619    /// A UUID.
5620    Uuid(Uuid),
5621    /// An ID that's equated with a focus handle.
5622    FocusHandle(FocusId),
5623    /// A combination of a name and an integer.
5624    NamedInteger(SharedString, u64),
5625    /// A path.
5626    Path(Arc<std::path::Path>),
5627    /// A code location.
5628    CodeLocation(core::panic::Location<'static>),
5629    /// A labeled child of an element.
5630    NamedChild(Arc<ElementId>, SharedString),
5631}
5632
5633impl ElementId {
5634    /// Constructs an `ElementId::NamedInteger` from a name and `usize`.
5635    pub fn named_usize(name: impl Into<SharedString>, integer: usize) -> ElementId {
5636        Self::NamedInteger(name.into(), integer as u64)
5637    }
5638}
5639
5640impl Display for ElementId {
5641    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
5642        match self {
5643            ElementId::View(entity_id) => write!(f, "view-{}", entity_id)?,
5644            ElementId::Integer(ix) => write!(f, "{}", ix)?,
5645            ElementId::Name(name) => write!(f, "{}", name)?,
5646            ElementId::FocusHandle(_) => write!(f, "FocusHandle")?,
5647            ElementId::NamedInteger(s, i) => write!(f, "{}-{}", s, i)?,
5648            ElementId::Uuid(uuid) => write!(f, "{}", uuid)?,
5649            ElementId::Path(path) => write!(f, "{}", path.display())?,
5650            ElementId::CodeLocation(location) => write!(f, "{}", location)?,
5651            ElementId::NamedChild(id, name) => write!(f, "{}-{}", id, name)?,
5652        }
5653
5654        Ok(())
5655    }
5656}
5657
5658impl TryInto<SharedString> for ElementId {
5659    type Error = anyhow::Error;
5660
5661    fn try_into(self) -> anyhow::Result<SharedString> {
5662        if let ElementId::Name(name) = self {
5663            Ok(name)
5664        } else {
5665            anyhow::bail!("element id is not string")
5666        }
5667    }
5668}
5669
5670impl From<usize> for ElementId {
5671    fn from(id: usize) -> Self {
5672        ElementId::Integer(id as u64)
5673    }
5674}
5675
5676impl From<i32> for ElementId {
5677    fn from(id: i32) -> Self {
5678        Self::Integer(id as u64)
5679    }
5680}
5681
5682impl From<SharedString> for ElementId {
5683    fn from(name: SharedString) -> Self {
5684        ElementId::Name(name)
5685    }
5686}
5687
5688impl From<String> for ElementId {
5689    fn from(name: String) -> Self {
5690        ElementId::Name(name.into())
5691    }
5692}
5693
5694impl From<Arc<str>> for ElementId {
5695    fn from(name: Arc<str>) -> Self {
5696        ElementId::Name(name.into())
5697    }
5698}
5699
5700impl From<Arc<std::path::Path>> for ElementId {
5701    fn from(path: Arc<std::path::Path>) -> Self {
5702        ElementId::Path(path)
5703    }
5704}
5705
5706impl From<&'static str> for ElementId {
5707    fn from(name: &'static str) -> Self {
5708        ElementId::Name(name.into())
5709    }
5710}
5711
5712impl<'a> From<&'a FocusHandle> for ElementId {
5713    fn from(handle: &'a FocusHandle) -> Self {
5714        ElementId::FocusHandle(handle.id)
5715    }
5716}
5717
5718impl From<(&'static str, EntityId)> for ElementId {
5719    fn from((name, id): (&'static str, EntityId)) -> Self {
5720        ElementId::NamedInteger(name.into(), id.as_u64())
5721    }
5722}
5723
5724impl From<(&'static str, usize)> for ElementId {
5725    fn from((name, id): (&'static str, usize)) -> Self {
5726        ElementId::NamedInteger(name.into(), id as u64)
5727    }
5728}
5729
5730impl From<(SharedString, usize)> for ElementId {
5731    fn from((name, id): (SharedString, usize)) -> Self {
5732        ElementId::NamedInteger(name, id as u64)
5733    }
5734}
5735
5736impl From<(&'static str, u64)> for ElementId {
5737    fn from((name, id): (&'static str, u64)) -> Self {
5738        ElementId::NamedInteger(name.into(), id)
5739    }
5740}
5741
5742impl From<Uuid> for ElementId {
5743    fn from(value: Uuid) -> Self {
5744        Self::Uuid(value)
5745    }
5746}
5747
5748impl From<(&'static str, u32)> for ElementId {
5749    fn from((name, id): (&'static str, u32)) -> Self {
5750        ElementId::NamedInteger(name.into(), id.into())
5751    }
5752}
5753
5754impl<T: Into<SharedString>> From<(ElementId, T)> for ElementId {
5755    fn from((id, name): (ElementId, T)) -> Self {
5756        ElementId::NamedChild(Arc::new(id), name.into())
5757    }
5758}
5759
5760impl From<&'static core::panic::Location<'static>> for ElementId {
5761    fn from(location: &'static core::panic::Location<'static>) -> Self {
5762        ElementId::CodeLocation(*location)
5763    }
5764}
5765
5766/// A rectangle to be rendered in the window at the given position and size.
5767/// Passed as an argument [`Window::paint_quad`].
5768#[derive(Clone)]
5769pub struct PaintQuad {
5770    /// The bounds of the quad within the window.
5771    pub bounds: Bounds<Pixels>,
5772    /// The radii of the quad's corners.
5773    pub corner_radii: Corners<Pixels>,
5774    /// The background color of the quad.
5775    pub background: Background,
5776    /// The widths of the quad's borders.
5777    pub border_widths: Edges<Pixels>,
5778    /// The color of the quad's borders.
5779    pub border_color: Hsla,
5780    /// The style of the quad's borders.
5781    pub border_style: BorderStyle,
5782}
5783
5784impl PaintQuad {
5785    /// Sets the corner radii of the quad.
5786    pub fn corner_radii(self, corner_radii: impl Into<Corners<Pixels>>) -> Self {
5787        PaintQuad {
5788            corner_radii: corner_radii.into(),
5789            ..self
5790        }
5791    }
5792
5793    /// Sets the border widths of the quad.
5794    pub fn border_widths(self, border_widths: impl Into<Edges<Pixels>>) -> Self {
5795        PaintQuad {
5796            border_widths: border_widths.into(),
5797            ..self
5798        }
5799    }
5800
5801    /// Sets the border color of the quad.
5802    pub fn border_color(self, border_color: impl Into<Hsla>) -> Self {
5803        PaintQuad {
5804            border_color: border_color.into(),
5805            ..self
5806        }
5807    }
5808
5809    /// Sets the background color of the quad.
5810    pub fn background(self, background: impl Into<Background>) -> Self {
5811        PaintQuad {
5812            background: background.into(),
5813            ..self
5814        }
5815    }
5816}
5817
5818/// Creates a quad with the given parameters.
5819pub fn quad(
5820    bounds: Bounds<Pixels>,
5821    corner_radii: impl Into<Corners<Pixels>>,
5822    background: impl Into<Background>,
5823    border_widths: impl Into<Edges<Pixels>>,
5824    border_color: impl Into<Hsla>,
5825    border_style: BorderStyle,
5826) -> PaintQuad {
5827    PaintQuad {
5828        bounds,
5829        corner_radii: corner_radii.into(),
5830        background: background.into(),
5831        border_widths: border_widths.into(),
5832        border_color: border_color.into(),
5833        border_style,
5834    }
5835}
5836
5837/// Creates a filled quad with the given bounds and background color.
5838pub fn fill(bounds: impl Into<Bounds<Pixels>>, background: impl Into<Background>) -> PaintQuad {
5839    PaintQuad {
5840        bounds: bounds.into(),
5841        corner_radii: (0.).into(),
5842        background: background.into(),
5843        border_widths: (0.).into(),
5844        border_color: transparent_black(),
5845        border_style: BorderStyle::default(),
5846    }
5847}
5848
5849/// Creates a rectangle outline with the given bounds, border color, and a 1px border width
5850pub fn outline(
5851    bounds: impl Into<Bounds<Pixels>>,
5852    border_color: impl Into<Hsla>,
5853    border_style: BorderStyle,
5854) -> PaintQuad {
5855    PaintQuad {
5856        bounds: bounds.into(),
5857        corner_radii: (0.).into(),
5858        background: transparent_black().into(),
5859        border_widths: (1.).into(),
5860        border_color: border_color.into(),
5861        border_style,
5862    }
5863}