window.rs

   1use crate::{
   2    px, size, transparent_black, Action, AnyDrag, AnyView, AppContext, Arena, AsyncWindowContext,
   3    AvailableSpace, Bounds, Context, Corners, CursorStyle, DispatchActionListener, DispatchNodeId,
   4    DispatchTree, DisplayId, Edges, Effect, Entity, EntityId, EventEmitter, FileDropEvent, Flatten,
   5    Global, GlobalElementId, Hsla, KeyBinding, KeyContext, KeyDownEvent, KeyMatch, KeymatchResult,
   6    Keystroke, KeystrokeEvent, Model, ModelContext, Modifiers, MouseButton, MouseMoveEvent,
   7    MouseUpEvent, Pixels, PlatformAtlas, PlatformDisplay, PlatformInput, PlatformWindow, Point,
   8    PromptLevel, Render, ScaledPixels, SharedString, Size, SubscriberSet, Subscription,
   9    TaffyLayoutEngine, Task, View, VisualContext, WeakView, WindowAppearance, WindowBounds,
  10    WindowOptions, WindowTextSystem,
  11};
  12use anyhow::{anyhow, Context as _, Result};
  13use collections::FxHashSet;
  14use derive_more::{Deref, DerefMut};
  15use futures::channel::oneshot;
  16use parking_lot::RwLock;
  17use slotmap::SlotMap;
  18use smallvec::SmallVec;
  19use std::{
  20    any::{Any, TypeId},
  21    borrow::{Borrow, BorrowMut},
  22    cell::{Cell, RefCell},
  23    fmt::{Debug, Display},
  24    future::Future,
  25    hash::{Hash, Hasher},
  26    marker::PhantomData,
  27    mem,
  28    rc::Rc,
  29    sync::{
  30        atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering::SeqCst},
  31        Arc,
  32    },
  33    time::{Duration, Instant},
  34};
  35use util::{measure, ResultExt};
  36
  37mod element_cx;
  38pub use element_cx::*;
  39
  40const ACTIVE_DRAG_Z_INDEX: u16 = 1;
  41
  42/// A global stacking order, which is created by stacking successive z-index values.
  43/// Each z-index will always be interpreted in the context of its parent z-index.
  44#[derive(Debug, Deref, DerefMut, Clone, Ord, PartialOrd, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]
  45pub struct StackingOrder(SmallVec<[StackingContext; 64]>);
  46
  47/// A single entry in a primitive's z-index stacking order
  48#[derive(Clone, Ord, PartialOrd, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]
  49pub struct StackingContext {
  50    pub(crate) z_index: u16,
  51    pub(crate) id: u16,
  52}
  53
  54impl std::fmt::Debug for StackingContext {
  55    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
  56        write!(f, "{{{}.{}}} ", self.z_index, self.id)
  57    }
  58}
  59
  60/// Represents the two different phases when dispatching events.
  61#[derive(Default, Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
  62pub enum DispatchPhase {
  63    /// After the capture phase comes the bubble phase, in which mouse event listeners are
  64    /// invoked front to back and keyboard event listeners are invoked from the focused element
  65    /// to the root of the element tree. This is the phase you'll most commonly want to use when
  66    /// registering event listeners.
  67    #[default]
  68    Bubble,
  69    /// During the initial capture phase, mouse event listeners are invoked back to front, and keyboard
  70    /// listeners are invoked from the root of the tree downward toward the focused element. This phase
  71    /// is used for special purposes such as clearing the "pressed" state for click events. If
  72    /// you stop event propagation during this phase, you need to know what you're doing. Handlers
  73    /// outside of the immediate region may rely on detecting non-local events during this phase.
  74    Capture,
  75}
  76
  77impl DispatchPhase {
  78    /// Returns true if this represents the "bubble" phase.
  79    pub fn bubble(self) -> bool {
  80        self == DispatchPhase::Bubble
  81    }
  82
  83    /// Returns true if this represents the "capture" phase.
  84    pub fn capture(self) -> bool {
  85        self == DispatchPhase::Capture
  86    }
  87}
  88
  89type AnyObserver = Box<dyn FnMut(&mut WindowContext) -> bool + 'static>;
  90
  91type AnyWindowFocusListener = Box<dyn FnMut(&FocusEvent, &mut WindowContext) -> bool + 'static>;
  92
  93struct FocusEvent {
  94    previous_focus_path: SmallVec<[FocusId; 8]>,
  95    current_focus_path: SmallVec<[FocusId; 8]>,
  96}
  97
  98slotmap::new_key_type! {
  99    /// A globally unique identifier for a focusable element.
 100    pub struct FocusId;
 101}
 102
 103thread_local! {
 104    pub(crate) static ELEMENT_ARENA: RefCell<Arena> = RefCell::new(Arena::new(8 * 1024 * 1024));
 105}
 106
 107impl FocusId {
 108    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle is currently focused.
 109    pub fn is_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 110        cx.window.focus == Some(*self)
 111    }
 112
 113    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle contains the focused
 114    /// element or is itself focused.
 115    pub fn contains_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 116        cx.focused()
 117            .map_or(false, |focused| self.contains(focused.id, cx))
 118    }
 119
 120    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle is contained within the
 121    /// focused element or is itself focused.
 122    pub fn within_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 123        let focused = cx.focused();
 124        focused.map_or(false, |focused| focused.id.contains(*self, cx))
 125    }
 126
 127    /// Obtains whether this handle contains the given handle in the most recently rendered frame.
 128    pub(crate) fn contains(&self, other: Self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 129        cx.window
 130            .rendered_frame
 131            .dispatch_tree
 132            .focus_contains(*self, other)
 133    }
 134}
 135
 136/// A handle which can be used to track and manipulate the focused element in a window.
 137pub struct FocusHandle {
 138    pub(crate) id: FocusId,
 139    handles: Arc<RwLock<SlotMap<FocusId, AtomicUsize>>>,
 140}
 141
 142impl std::fmt::Debug for FocusHandle {
 143    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
 144        f.write_fmt(format_args!("FocusHandle({:?})", self.id))
 145    }
 146}
 147
 148impl FocusHandle {
 149    pub(crate) fn new(handles: &Arc<RwLock<SlotMap<FocusId, AtomicUsize>>>) -> Self {
 150        let id = handles.write().insert(AtomicUsize::new(1));
 151        Self {
 152            id,
 153            handles: handles.clone(),
 154        }
 155    }
 156
 157    pub(crate) fn for_id(
 158        id: FocusId,
 159        handles: &Arc<RwLock<SlotMap<FocusId, AtomicUsize>>>,
 160    ) -> Option<Self> {
 161        let lock = handles.read();
 162        let ref_count = lock.get(id)?;
 163        if ref_count.load(SeqCst) == 0 {
 164            None
 165        } else {
 166            ref_count.fetch_add(1, SeqCst);
 167            Some(Self {
 168                id,
 169                handles: handles.clone(),
 170            })
 171        }
 172    }
 173
 174    /// Moves the focus to the element associated with this handle.
 175    pub fn focus(&self, cx: &mut WindowContext) {
 176        cx.focus(self)
 177    }
 178
 179    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle is currently focused.
 180    pub fn is_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 181        self.id.is_focused(cx)
 182    }
 183
 184    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle contains the focused
 185    /// element or is itself focused.
 186    pub fn contains_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 187        self.id.contains_focused(cx)
 188    }
 189
 190    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle is contained within the
 191    /// focused element or is itself focused.
 192    pub fn within_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 193        self.id.within_focused(cx)
 194    }
 195
 196    /// Obtains whether this handle contains the given handle in the most recently rendered frame.
 197    pub fn contains(&self, other: &Self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 198        self.id.contains(other.id, cx)
 199    }
 200}
 201
 202impl Clone for FocusHandle {
 203    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
 204        Self::for_id(self.id, &self.handles).unwrap()
 205    }
 206}
 207
 208impl PartialEq for FocusHandle {
 209    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
 210        self.id == other.id
 211    }
 212}
 213
 214impl Eq for FocusHandle {}
 215
 216impl Drop for FocusHandle {
 217    fn drop(&mut self) {
 218        self.handles
 219            .read()
 220            .get(self.id)
 221            .unwrap()
 222            .fetch_sub(1, SeqCst);
 223    }
 224}
 225
 226/// FocusableView allows users of your view to easily
 227/// focus it (using cx.focus_view(view))
 228pub trait FocusableView: 'static + Render {
 229    /// Returns the focus handle associated with this view.
 230    fn focus_handle(&self, cx: &AppContext) -> FocusHandle;
 231}
 232
 233/// ManagedView is a view (like a Modal, Popover, Menu, etc.)
 234/// where the lifecycle of the view is handled by another view.
 235pub trait ManagedView: FocusableView + EventEmitter<DismissEvent> {}
 236
 237impl<M: FocusableView + EventEmitter<DismissEvent>> ManagedView for M {}
 238
 239/// Emitted by implementers of [`ManagedView`] to indicate the view should be dismissed, such as when a view is presented as a modal.
 240pub struct DismissEvent;
 241
 242type FrameCallback = Box<dyn FnOnce(&mut WindowContext)>;
 243
 244// Holds the state for a specific window.
 245#[doc(hidden)]
 246pub struct Window {
 247    pub(crate) handle: AnyWindowHandle,
 248    pub(crate) removed: bool,
 249    pub(crate) platform_window: Box<dyn PlatformWindow>,
 250    display_id: DisplayId,
 251    sprite_atlas: Arc<dyn PlatformAtlas>,
 252    text_system: Arc<WindowTextSystem>,
 253    pub(crate) rem_size: Pixels,
 254    pub(crate) viewport_size: Size<Pixels>,
 255    layout_engine: Option<TaffyLayoutEngine>,
 256    pub(crate) root_view: Option<AnyView>,
 257    pub(crate) element_id_stack: GlobalElementId,
 258    pub(crate) rendered_frame: Frame,
 259    pub(crate) next_frame: Frame,
 260    next_frame_callbacks: Rc<RefCell<Vec<FrameCallback>>>,
 261    pub(crate) dirty_views: FxHashSet<EntityId>,
 262    pub(crate) focus_handles: Arc<RwLock<SlotMap<FocusId, AtomicUsize>>>,
 263    focus_listeners: SubscriberSet<(), AnyWindowFocusListener>,
 264    focus_lost_listeners: SubscriberSet<(), AnyObserver>,
 265    default_prevented: bool,
 266    mouse_position: Point<Pixels>,
 267    modifiers: Modifiers,
 268    scale_factor: f32,
 269    bounds: WindowBounds,
 270    bounds_observers: SubscriberSet<(), AnyObserver>,
 271    appearance: WindowAppearance,
 272    appearance_observers: SubscriberSet<(), AnyObserver>,
 273    active: Rc<Cell<bool>>,
 274    pub(crate) dirty: Rc<Cell<bool>>,
 275    pub(crate) needs_present: Rc<Cell<bool>>,
 276    pub(crate) last_input_timestamp: Rc<Cell<Instant>>,
 277    pub(crate) refreshing: bool,
 278    pub(crate) drawing: bool,
 279    activation_observers: SubscriberSet<(), AnyObserver>,
 280    pub(crate) focus: Option<FocusId>,
 281    focus_enabled: bool,
 282    pending_input: Option<PendingInput>,
 283    graphics_profiler_enabled: bool,
 284}
 285
 286#[derive(Default, Debug)]
 287struct PendingInput {
 288    keystrokes: SmallVec<[Keystroke; 1]>,
 289    bindings: SmallVec<[KeyBinding; 1]>,
 290    focus: Option<FocusId>,
 291    timer: Option<Task<()>>,
 292}
 293
 294impl PendingInput {
 295    fn input(&self) -> String {
 296        self.keystrokes
 297            .iter()
 298            .flat_map(|k| k.ime_key.clone())
 299            .collect::<Vec<String>>()
 300            .join("")
 301    }
 302
 303    fn used_by_binding(&self, binding: &KeyBinding) -> bool {
 304        if self.keystrokes.is_empty() {
 305            return true;
 306        }
 307        let keystroke = &self.keystrokes[0];
 308        for candidate in keystroke.match_candidates() {
 309            if binding.match_keystrokes(&[candidate]) == KeyMatch::Pending {
 310                return true;
 311            }
 312        }
 313        false
 314    }
 315}
 316
 317pub(crate) struct ElementStateBox {
 318    pub(crate) inner: Box<dyn Any>,
 319    pub(crate) parent_view_id: EntityId,
 320    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
 321    pub(crate) type_name: &'static str,
 322}
 323
 324impl Window {
 325    pub(crate) fn new(
 326        handle: AnyWindowHandle,
 327        options: WindowOptions,
 328        cx: &mut AppContext,
 329    ) -> Self {
 330        let platform_window = cx.platform.open_window(handle, options);
 331        let display_id = platform_window.display().id();
 332        let sprite_atlas = platform_window.sprite_atlas();
 333        let mouse_position = platform_window.mouse_position();
 334        let modifiers = platform_window.modifiers();
 335        let content_size = platform_window.content_size();
 336        let scale_factor = platform_window.scale_factor();
 337        let bounds = platform_window.bounds();
 338        let appearance = platform_window.appearance();
 339        let text_system = Arc::new(WindowTextSystem::new(cx.text_system().clone()));
 340        let dirty = Rc::new(Cell::new(true));
 341        let active = Rc::new(Cell::new(false));
 342        let needs_present = Rc::new(Cell::new(false));
 343        let next_frame_callbacks: Rc<RefCell<Vec<FrameCallback>>> = Default::default();
 344        let last_input_timestamp = Rc::new(Cell::new(Instant::now()));
 345
 346        platform_window.on_close(Box::new({
 347            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 348            move || {
 349                let _ = handle.update(&mut cx, |_, cx| cx.remove_window());
 350            }
 351        }));
 352        platform_window.on_request_frame(Box::new({
 353            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 354            let dirty = dirty.clone();
 355            let active = active.clone();
 356            let needs_present = needs_present.clone();
 357            let next_frame_callbacks = next_frame_callbacks.clone();
 358            let last_input_timestamp = last_input_timestamp.clone();
 359            move || {
 360                let next_frame_callbacks = next_frame_callbacks.take();
 361                if !next_frame_callbacks.is_empty() {
 362                    handle
 363                        .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| {
 364                            for callback in next_frame_callbacks {
 365                                callback(cx);
 366                            }
 367                        })
 368                        .log_err();
 369                }
 370
 371                // Keep presenting the current scene for 1 extra second since the
 372                // last input to prevent the display from underclocking the refresh rate.
 373                let needs_present = needs_present.get()
 374                    || (active.get()
 375                        && last_input_timestamp.get().elapsed() < Duration::from_secs(1));
 376
 377                if dirty.get() {
 378                    measure("frame duration", || {
 379                        handle
 380                            .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| {
 381                                cx.draw();
 382                                cx.present();
 383                            })
 384                            .log_err();
 385                    })
 386                } else if needs_present {
 387                    handle.update(&mut cx, |_, cx| cx.present()).log_err();
 388                }
 389            }
 390        }));
 391        platform_window.on_resize(Box::new({
 392            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 393            move |_, _| {
 394                handle
 395                    .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| cx.window_bounds_changed())
 396                    .log_err();
 397            }
 398        }));
 399        platform_window.on_moved(Box::new({
 400            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 401            move || {
 402                handle
 403                    .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| cx.window_bounds_changed())
 404                    .log_err();
 405            }
 406        }));
 407        platform_window.on_appearance_changed(Box::new({
 408            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 409            move || {
 410                handle
 411                    .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| cx.appearance_changed())
 412                    .log_err();
 413            }
 414        }));
 415        platform_window.on_active_status_change(Box::new({
 416            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 417            move |active| {
 418                handle
 419                    .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| {
 420                        cx.window.active.set(active);
 421                        cx.window
 422                            .activation_observers
 423                            .clone()
 424                            .retain(&(), |callback| callback(cx));
 425                    })
 426                    .log_err();
 427            }
 428        }));
 429
 430        platform_window.on_input({
 431            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 432            Box::new(move |event| {
 433                handle
 434                    .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| cx.dispatch_event(event))
 435                    .log_err()
 436                    .unwrap_or(false)
 437            })
 438        });
 439
 440        Window {
 441            handle,
 442            removed: false,
 443            platform_window,
 444            display_id,
 445            sprite_atlas,
 446            text_system,
 447            rem_size: px(16.),
 448            viewport_size: content_size,
 449            layout_engine: Some(TaffyLayoutEngine::new()),
 450            root_view: None,
 451            element_id_stack: GlobalElementId::default(),
 452            rendered_frame: Frame::new(DispatchTree::new(cx.keymap.clone(), cx.actions.clone())),
 453            next_frame: Frame::new(DispatchTree::new(cx.keymap.clone(), cx.actions.clone())),
 454            next_frame_callbacks,
 455            dirty_views: FxHashSet::default(),
 456            focus_handles: Arc::new(RwLock::new(SlotMap::with_key())),
 457            focus_listeners: SubscriberSet::new(),
 458            focus_lost_listeners: SubscriberSet::new(),
 459            default_prevented: true,
 460            mouse_position,
 461            modifiers,
 462            scale_factor,
 463            bounds,
 464            bounds_observers: SubscriberSet::new(),
 465            appearance,
 466            appearance_observers: SubscriberSet::new(),
 467            active,
 468            dirty,
 469            needs_present,
 470            last_input_timestamp,
 471            refreshing: false,
 472            drawing: false,
 473            activation_observers: SubscriberSet::new(),
 474            focus: None,
 475            focus_enabled: true,
 476            pending_input: None,
 477            graphics_profiler_enabled: false,
 478        }
 479    }
 480    fn new_focus_listener(
 481        &mut self,
 482        value: AnyWindowFocusListener,
 483    ) -> (Subscription, impl FnOnce()) {
 484        self.focus_listeners.insert((), value)
 485    }
 486}
 487
 488/// Indicates which region of the window is visible. Content falling outside of this mask will not be
 489/// rendered. Currently, only rectangular content masks are supported, but we give the mask its own type
 490/// to leave room to support more complex shapes in the future.
 491#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
 492#[repr(C)]
 493pub struct ContentMask<P: Clone + Default + Debug> {
 494    /// The bounds
 495    pub bounds: Bounds<P>,
 496}
 497
 498impl ContentMask<Pixels> {
 499    /// Scale the content mask's pixel units by the given scaling factor.
 500    pub fn scale(&self, factor: f32) -> ContentMask<ScaledPixels> {
 501        ContentMask {
 502            bounds: self.bounds.scale(factor),
 503        }
 504    }
 505
 506    /// Intersect the content mask with the given content mask.
 507    pub fn intersect(&self, other: &Self) -> Self {
 508        let bounds = self.bounds.intersect(&other.bounds);
 509        ContentMask { bounds }
 510    }
 511}
 512
 513/// Provides access to application state in the context of a single window. Derefs
 514/// to an [`AppContext`], so you can also pass a [`WindowContext`] to any method that takes
 515/// an [`AppContext`] and call any [`AppContext`] methods.
 516pub struct WindowContext<'a> {
 517    pub(crate) app: &'a mut AppContext,
 518    pub(crate) window: &'a mut Window,
 519}
 520
 521impl<'a> WindowContext<'a> {
 522    pub(crate) fn new(app: &'a mut AppContext, window: &'a mut Window) -> Self {
 523        Self { app, window }
 524    }
 525
 526    /// Obtain a handle to the window that belongs to this context.
 527    pub fn window_handle(&self) -> AnyWindowHandle {
 528        self.window.handle
 529    }
 530
 531    /// Mark the window as dirty, scheduling it to be redrawn on the next frame.
 532    pub fn refresh(&mut self) {
 533        if !self.window.drawing {
 534            self.window.refreshing = true;
 535            self.window.dirty.set(true);
 536        }
 537    }
 538
 539    /// Close this window.
 540    pub fn remove_window(&mut self) {
 541        self.window.removed = true;
 542    }
 543
 544    /// Obtain a new [`FocusHandle`], which allows you to track and manipulate the keyboard focus
 545    /// for elements rendered within this window.
 546    pub fn focus_handle(&mut self) -> FocusHandle {
 547        FocusHandle::new(&self.window.focus_handles)
 548    }
 549
 550    /// Obtain the currently focused [`FocusHandle`]. If no elements are focused, returns `None`.
 551    pub fn focused(&self) -> Option<FocusHandle> {
 552        self.window
 553            .focus
 554            .and_then(|id| FocusHandle::for_id(id, &self.window.focus_handles))
 555    }
 556
 557    /// Move focus to the element associated with the given [`FocusHandle`].
 558    pub fn focus(&mut self, handle: &FocusHandle) {
 559        if !self.window.focus_enabled || self.window.focus == Some(handle.id) {
 560            return;
 561        }
 562
 563        self.window.focus = Some(handle.id);
 564        self.window
 565            .rendered_frame
 566            .dispatch_tree
 567            .clear_pending_keystrokes();
 568        self.refresh();
 569    }
 570
 571    /// Remove focus from all elements within this context's window.
 572    pub fn blur(&mut self) {
 573        if !self.window.focus_enabled {
 574            return;
 575        }
 576
 577        self.window.focus = None;
 578        self.refresh();
 579    }
 580
 581    /// Blur the window and don't allow anything in it to be focused again.
 582    pub fn disable_focus(&mut self) {
 583        self.blur();
 584        self.window.focus_enabled = false;
 585    }
 586
 587    /// Accessor for the text system.
 588    pub fn text_system(&self) -> &Arc<WindowTextSystem> {
 589        &self.window.text_system
 590    }
 591
 592    /// Dispatch the given action on the currently focused element.
 593    pub fn dispatch_action(&mut self, action: Box<dyn Action>) {
 594        let focus_handle = self.focused();
 595
 596        self.defer(move |cx| {
 597            let node_id = focus_handle
 598                .and_then(|handle| {
 599                    cx.window
 600                        .rendered_frame
 601                        .dispatch_tree
 602                        .focusable_node_id(handle.id)
 603                })
 604                .unwrap_or_else(|| cx.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.root_node_id());
 605
 606            cx.propagate_event = true;
 607            cx.dispatch_action_on_node(node_id, action);
 608        })
 609    }
 610
 611    pub(crate) fn dispatch_keystroke_observers(
 612        &mut self,
 613        event: &dyn Any,
 614        action: Option<Box<dyn Action>>,
 615    ) {
 616        let Some(key_down_event) = event.downcast_ref::<KeyDownEvent>() else {
 617            return;
 618        };
 619
 620        self.keystroke_observers
 621            .clone()
 622            .retain(&(), move |callback| {
 623                (callback)(
 624                    &KeystrokeEvent {
 625                        keystroke: key_down_event.keystroke.clone(),
 626                        action: action.as_ref().map(|action| action.boxed_clone()),
 627                    },
 628                    self,
 629                );
 630                true
 631            });
 632    }
 633
 634    pub(crate) fn clear_pending_keystrokes(&mut self) {
 635        self.window
 636            .rendered_frame
 637            .dispatch_tree
 638            .clear_pending_keystrokes();
 639        self.window
 640            .next_frame
 641            .dispatch_tree
 642            .clear_pending_keystrokes();
 643    }
 644
 645    /// Schedules the given function to be run at the end of the current effect cycle, allowing entities
 646    /// that are currently on the stack to be returned to the app.
 647    pub fn defer(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut WindowContext) + 'static) {
 648        let handle = self.window.handle;
 649        self.app.defer(move |cx| {
 650            handle.update(cx, |_, cx| f(cx)).ok();
 651        });
 652    }
 653
 654    /// Subscribe to events emitted by a model or view.
 655    /// The entity to which you're subscribing must implement the [`EventEmitter`] trait.
 656    /// The callback will be invoked a handle to the emitting entity (either a [`View`] or [`Model`]), the event, and a window context for the current window.
 657    pub fn subscribe<Emitter, E, Evt>(
 658        &mut self,
 659        entity: &E,
 660        mut on_event: impl FnMut(E, &Evt, &mut WindowContext<'_>) + 'static,
 661    ) -> Subscription
 662    where
 663        Emitter: EventEmitter<Evt>,
 664        E: Entity<Emitter>,
 665        Evt: 'static,
 666    {
 667        let entity_id = entity.entity_id();
 668        let entity = entity.downgrade();
 669        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
 670        self.app.new_subscription(
 671            entity_id,
 672            (
 673                TypeId::of::<Evt>(),
 674                Box::new(move |event, cx| {
 675                    window_handle
 676                        .update(cx, |_, cx| {
 677                            if let Some(handle) = E::upgrade_from(&entity) {
 678                                let event = event.downcast_ref().expect("invalid event type");
 679                                on_event(handle, event, cx);
 680                                true
 681                            } else {
 682                                false
 683                            }
 684                        })
 685                        .unwrap_or(false)
 686                }),
 687            ),
 688        )
 689    }
 690
 691    /// Creates an [`AsyncWindowContext`], which has a static lifetime and can be held across
 692    /// await points in async code.
 693    pub fn to_async(&self) -> AsyncWindowContext {
 694        AsyncWindowContext::new(self.app.to_async(), self.window.handle)
 695    }
 696
 697    /// Schedule the given closure to be run directly after the current frame is rendered.
 698    pub fn on_next_frame(&mut self, callback: impl FnOnce(&mut WindowContext) + 'static) {
 699        RefCell::borrow_mut(&self.window.next_frame_callbacks).push(Box::new(callback));
 700    }
 701
 702    /// Spawn the future returned by the given closure on the application thread pool.
 703    /// The closure is provided a handle to the current window and an `AsyncWindowContext` for
 704    /// use within your future.
 705    pub fn spawn<Fut, R>(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(AsyncWindowContext) -> Fut) -> Task<R>
 706    where
 707        R: 'static,
 708        Fut: Future<Output = R> + 'static,
 709    {
 710        self.app
 711            .spawn(|app| f(AsyncWindowContext::new(app, self.window.handle)))
 712    }
 713
 714    /// Updates the global of the given type. The given closure is given simultaneous mutable
 715    /// access both to the global and the context.
 716    pub fn update_global<G, R>(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut G, &mut Self) -> R) -> R
 717    where
 718        G: Global,
 719    {
 720        let mut global = self.app.lease_global::<G>();
 721        let result = f(&mut global, self);
 722        self.app.end_global_lease(global);
 723        result
 724    }
 725
 726    fn window_bounds_changed(&mut self) {
 727        self.window.scale_factor = self.window.platform_window.scale_factor();
 728        self.window.viewport_size = self.window.platform_window.content_size();
 729        self.window.bounds = self.window.platform_window.bounds();
 730        self.window.display_id = self.window.platform_window.display().id();
 731        self.refresh();
 732
 733        self.window
 734            .bounds_observers
 735            .clone()
 736            .retain(&(), |callback| callback(self));
 737    }
 738
 739    /// Returns the bounds of the current window in the global coordinate space, which could span across multiple displays.
 740    pub fn window_bounds(&self) -> WindowBounds {
 741        self.window.bounds
 742    }
 743
 744    fn appearance_changed(&mut self) {
 745        self.window.appearance = self.window.platform_window.appearance();
 746
 747        self.window
 748            .appearance_observers
 749            .clone()
 750            .retain(&(), |callback| callback(self));
 751    }
 752
 753    /// Returns the appearance of the current window.
 754    pub fn appearance(&self) -> WindowAppearance {
 755        self.window.appearance
 756    }
 757
 758    /// Returns the size of the drawable area within the window.
 759    pub fn viewport_size(&self) -> Size<Pixels> {
 760        self.window.viewport_size
 761    }
 762
 763    /// Returns whether this window is focused by the operating system (receiving key events).
 764    pub fn is_window_active(&self) -> bool {
 765        self.window.active.get()
 766    }
 767
 768    /// Toggle zoom on the window.
 769    pub fn zoom_window(&self) {
 770        self.window.platform_window.zoom();
 771    }
 772
 773    /// Updates the window's title at the platform level.
 774    pub fn set_window_title(&mut self, title: &str) {
 775        self.window.platform_window.set_title(title);
 776    }
 777
 778    /// Mark the window as dirty at the platform level.
 779    pub fn set_window_edited(&mut self, edited: bool) {
 780        self.window.platform_window.set_edited(edited);
 781    }
 782
 783    /// Determine the display on which the window is visible.
 784    pub fn display(&self) -> Option<Rc<dyn PlatformDisplay>> {
 785        self.platform
 786            .displays()
 787            .into_iter()
 788            .find(|display| display.id() == self.window.display_id)
 789    }
 790
 791    /// Show the platform character palette.
 792    pub fn show_character_palette(&self) {
 793        self.window.platform_window.show_character_palette();
 794    }
 795
 796    /// The scale factor of the display associated with the window. For example, it could
 797    /// return 2.0 for a "retina" display, indicating that each logical pixel should actually
 798    /// be rendered as two pixels on screen.
 799    pub fn scale_factor(&self) -> f32 {
 800        self.window.scale_factor
 801    }
 802
 803    /// The size of an em for the base font of the application. Adjusting this value allows the
 804    /// UI to scale, just like zooming a web page.
 805    pub fn rem_size(&self) -> Pixels {
 806        self.window.rem_size
 807    }
 808
 809    /// Sets the size of an em for the base font of the application. Adjusting this value allows the
 810    /// UI to scale, just like zooming a web page.
 811    pub fn set_rem_size(&mut self, rem_size: impl Into<Pixels>) {
 812        self.window.rem_size = rem_size.into();
 813    }
 814
 815    /// The line height associated with the current text style.
 816    pub fn line_height(&self) -> Pixels {
 817        let rem_size = self.rem_size();
 818        let text_style = self.text_style();
 819        text_style
 820            .line_height
 821            .to_pixels(text_style.font_size, rem_size)
 822    }
 823
 824    /// Call to prevent the default action of an event. Currently only used to prevent
 825    /// parent elements from becoming focused on mouse down.
 826    pub fn prevent_default(&mut self) {
 827        self.window.default_prevented = true;
 828    }
 829
 830    /// Obtain whether default has been prevented for the event currently being dispatched.
 831    pub fn default_prevented(&self) -> bool {
 832        self.window.default_prevented
 833    }
 834
 835    /// Determine whether the given action is available along the dispatch path to the currently focused element.
 836    pub fn is_action_available(&self, action: &dyn Action) -> bool {
 837        let target = self
 838            .focused()
 839            .and_then(|focused_handle| {
 840                self.window
 841                    .rendered_frame
 842                    .dispatch_tree
 843                    .focusable_node_id(focused_handle.id)
 844            })
 845            .unwrap_or_else(|| self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.root_node_id());
 846        self.window
 847            .rendered_frame
 848            .dispatch_tree
 849            .is_action_available(action, target)
 850    }
 851
 852    /// The position of the mouse relative to the window.
 853    pub fn mouse_position(&self) -> Point<Pixels> {
 854        self.window.mouse_position
 855    }
 856
 857    /// The current state of the keyboard's modifiers
 858    pub fn modifiers(&self) -> Modifiers {
 859        self.window.modifiers
 860    }
 861
 862    /// Returns true if there is no opaque layer containing the given point
 863    /// on top of the given level. Layers who are extensions of the queried layer
 864    /// are not considered to be on top of queried layer.
 865    pub fn was_top_layer(&self, point: &Point<Pixels>, layer: &StackingOrder) -> bool {
 866        // Precondition: the depth map is ordered from topmost to bottomost.
 867
 868        for (opaque_layer, _, bounds) in self.window.rendered_frame.depth_map.iter() {
 869            if layer >= opaque_layer {
 870                // The queried layer is either above or is the same as the this opaque layer.
 871                // Anything after this point is guaranteed to be below the queried layer.
 872                return true;
 873            }
 874
 875            if !bounds.contains(point) {
 876                // This opaque layer is above the queried layer but it doesn't contain
 877                // the given position, so we can ignore it even if it's above.
 878                continue;
 879            }
 880
 881            // At this point, we've established that this opaque layer is on top of the queried layer
 882            // and contains the position:
 883            // If neither the opaque layer or the queried layer is an extension of the other then
 884            // we know they are on different stacking orders, and return false.
 885            let is_on_same_layer = opaque_layer
 886                .iter()
 887                .zip(layer.iter())
 888                .all(|(a, b)| a.z_index == b.z_index);
 889
 890            if !is_on_same_layer {
 891                return false;
 892            }
 893        }
 894
 895        true
 896    }
 897
 898    pub(crate) fn was_top_layer_under_active_drag(
 899        &self,
 900        point: &Point<Pixels>,
 901        layer: &StackingOrder,
 902    ) -> bool {
 903        // Precondition: the depth map is ordered from topmost to bottomost.
 904
 905        for (opaque_layer, _, bounds) in self.window.rendered_frame.depth_map.iter() {
 906            if layer >= opaque_layer {
 907                // The queried layer is either above or is the same as the this opaque layer.
 908                // Anything after this point is guaranteed to be below the queried layer.
 909                return true;
 910            }
 911
 912            if !bounds.contains(point) {
 913                // This opaque layer is above the queried layer but it doesn't contain
 914                // the given position, so we can ignore it even if it's above.
 915                continue;
 916            }
 917
 918            // All normal content is rendered with a base z-index of 0, we know that if the root of this opaque layer
 919            // equals `ACTIVE_DRAG_Z_INDEX` then it must be the drag layer and we can ignore it as we are
 920            // looking to see if the queried layer was the topmost underneath the drag layer.
 921            if opaque_layer
 922                .first()
 923                .map(|c| c.z_index == ACTIVE_DRAG_Z_INDEX)
 924                .unwrap_or(false)
 925            {
 926                continue;
 927            }
 928
 929            // At this point, we've established that this opaque layer is on top of the queried layer
 930            // and contains the position:
 931            // If neither the opaque layer or the queried layer is an extension of the other then
 932            // we know they are on different stacking orders, and return false.
 933            let is_on_same_layer = opaque_layer
 934                .iter()
 935                .zip(layer.iter())
 936                .all(|(a, b)| a.z_index == b.z_index);
 937
 938            if !is_on_same_layer {
 939                return false;
 940            }
 941        }
 942
 943        true
 944    }
 945
 946    /// Called during painting to get the current stacking order.
 947    pub fn stacking_order(&self) -> &StackingOrder {
 948        &self.window.next_frame.z_index_stack
 949    }
 950
 951    /// Produces a new frame and assigns it to `rendered_frame`. To actually show
 952    /// the contents of the new [Scene], use [present].
 953    #[profiling::function]
 954    pub fn draw(&mut self) {
 955        self.window.dirty.set(false);
 956        self.window.drawing = true;
 957
 958        if let Some(requested_handler) = self.window.rendered_frame.requested_input_handler.as_mut()
 959        {
 960            let input_handler = self.window.platform_window.take_input_handler();
 961            requested_handler.handler = input_handler;
 962        }
 963
 964        let root_view = self.window.root_view.take().unwrap();
 965        self.with_element_context(|cx| {
 966            cx.with_z_index(0, |cx| {
 967                cx.with_key_dispatch(Some(KeyContext::default()), None, |_, cx| {
 968                    // We need to use cx.cx here so we can utilize borrow splitting
 969                    for (action_type, action_listeners) in &cx.cx.app.global_action_listeners {
 970                        for action_listener in action_listeners.iter().cloned() {
 971                            cx.cx.window.next_frame.dispatch_tree.on_action(
 972                                *action_type,
 973                                Rc::new(
 974                                    move |action: &dyn Any, phase, cx: &mut WindowContext<'_>| {
 975                                        action_listener(action, phase, cx)
 976                                    },
 977                                ),
 978                            )
 979                        }
 980                    }
 981
 982                    let available_space = cx.window.viewport_size.map(Into::into);
 983                    root_view.draw(Point::default(), available_space, cx);
 984                })
 985            })
 986        });
 987
 988        if let Some(active_drag) = self.app.active_drag.take() {
 989            self.with_element_context(|cx| {
 990                cx.with_z_index(ACTIVE_DRAG_Z_INDEX, |cx| {
 991                    let offset = cx.mouse_position() - active_drag.cursor_offset;
 992                    let available_space =
 993                        size(AvailableSpace::MinContent, AvailableSpace::MinContent);
 994                    active_drag.view.draw(offset, available_space, cx);
 995                })
 996            });
 997            self.active_drag = Some(active_drag);
 998        } else if let Some(tooltip_request) = self.window.next_frame.tooltip_request.take() {
 999            self.with_element_context(|cx| {
1000                cx.with_z_index(1, |cx| {
1001                    let available_space =
1002                        size(AvailableSpace::MinContent, AvailableSpace::MinContent);
1003                    tooltip_request.tooltip.view.draw(
1004                        tooltip_request.tooltip.cursor_offset,
1005                        available_space,
1006                        cx,
1007                    );
1008                })
1009            });
1010            self.window.next_frame.tooltip_request = Some(tooltip_request);
1011        }
1012        self.window.dirty_views.clear();
1013
1014        self.window
1015            .next_frame
1016            .dispatch_tree
1017            .preserve_pending_keystrokes(
1018                &mut self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree,
1019                self.window.focus,
1020            );
1021        self.window.next_frame.focus = self.window.focus;
1022        self.window.next_frame.window_active = self.window.active.get();
1023        self.window.root_view = Some(root_view);
1024
1025        // Set the cursor only if we're the active window.
1026        let cursor_style = self
1027            .window
1028            .next_frame
1029            .requested_cursor_style
1030            .take()
1031            .unwrap_or(CursorStyle::Arrow);
1032        if self.is_window_active() {
1033            self.platform.set_cursor_style(cursor_style);
1034        }
1035
1036        // Register requested input handler with the platform window.
1037        if let Some(requested_input) = self.window.next_frame.requested_input_handler.as_mut() {
1038            if let Some(handler) = requested_input.handler.take() {
1039                self.window.platform_window.set_input_handler(handler);
1040            }
1041        }
1042
1043        self.window.layout_engine.as_mut().unwrap().clear();
1044        self.text_system()
1045            .finish_frame(&self.window.next_frame.reused_views);
1046        self.window
1047            .next_frame
1048            .finish(&mut self.window.rendered_frame);
1049        ELEMENT_ARENA.with_borrow_mut(|element_arena| {
1050            let percentage = (element_arena.len() as f32 / element_arena.capacity() as f32) * 100.;
1051            if percentage >= 80. {
1052                log::warn!("elevated element arena occupation: {}.", percentage);
1053            }
1054            element_arena.clear();
1055        });
1056
1057        let previous_focus_path = self.window.rendered_frame.focus_path();
1058        let previous_window_active = self.window.rendered_frame.window_active;
1059        mem::swap(&mut self.window.rendered_frame, &mut self.window.next_frame);
1060        self.window.next_frame.clear();
1061        let current_focus_path = self.window.rendered_frame.focus_path();
1062        let current_window_active = self.window.rendered_frame.window_active;
1063
1064        if previous_focus_path != current_focus_path
1065            || previous_window_active != current_window_active
1066        {
1067            if !previous_focus_path.is_empty() && current_focus_path.is_empty() {
1068                self.window
1069                    .focus_lost_listeners
1070                    .clone()
1071                    .retain(&(), |listener| listener(self));
1072            }
1073
1074            let event = FocusEvent {
1075                previous_focus_path: if previous_window_active {
1076                    previous_focus_path
1077                } else {
1078                    Default::default()
1079                },
1080                current_focus_path: if current_window_active {
1081                    current_focus_path
1082                } else {
1083                    Default::default()
1084                },
1085            };
1086            self.window
1087                .focus_listeners
1088                .clone()
1089                .retain(&(), |listener| listener(&event, self));
1090        }
1091        self.window.refreshing = false;
1092        self.window.drawing = false;
1093        self.window.needs_present.set(true);
1094    }
1095
1096    #[profiling::function]
1097    fn present(&self) {
1098        self.window
1099            .platform_window
1100            .draw(&self.window.rendered_frame.scene);
1101        self.window.needs_present.set(false);
1102        profiling::finish_frame!();
1103    }
1104
1105    /// Dispatch a given keystroke as though the user had typed it.
1106    /// You can create a keystroke with Keystroke::parse("").
1107    pub fn dispatch_keystroke(&mut self, keystroke: Keystroke) -> bool {
1108        let keystroke = keystroke.with_simulated_ime();
1109        if self.dispatch_event(PlatformInput::KeyDown(KeyDownEvent {
1110            keystroke: keystroke.clone(),
1111            is_held: false,
1112        })) {
1113            return true;
1114        }
1115
1116        if let Some(input) = keystroke.ime_key {
1117            if let Some(mut input_handler) = self.window.platform_window.take_input_handler() {
1118                input_handler.dispatch_input(&input, self);
1119                self.window.platform_window.set_input_handler(input_handler);
1120                return true;
1121            }
1122        }
1123
1124        false
1125    }
1126
1127    /// Dispatch a mouse or keyboard event on the window.
1128    #[profiling::function]
1129    pub fn dispatch_event(&mut self, event: PlatformInput) -> bool {
1130        self.window.last_input_timestamp.set(Instant::now());
1131        // Handlers may set this to false by calling `stop_propagation`.
1132        self.app.propagate_event = true;
1133        // Handlers may set this to true by calling `prevent_default`.
1134        self.window.default_prevented = false;
1135
1136        let event = match event {
1137            // Track the mouse position with our own state, since accessing the platform
1138            // API for the mouse position can only occur on the main thread.
1139            PlatformInput::MouseMove(mouse_move) => {
1140                self.window.mouse_position = mouse_move.position;
1141                self.window.modifiers = mouse_move.modifiers;
1142                PlatformInput::MouseMove(mouse_move)
1143            }
1144            PlatformInput::MouseDown(mouse_down) => {
1145                self.window.mouse_position = mouse_down.position;
1146                self.window.modifiers = mouse_down.modifiers;
1147                PlatformInput::MouseDown(mouse_down)
1148            }
1149            PlatformInput::MouseUp(mouse_up) => {
1150                self.window.mouse_position = mouse_up.position;
1151                self.window.modifiers = mouse_up.modifiers;
1152                PlatformInput::MouseUp(mouse_up)
1153            }
1154            PlatformInput::MouseExited(mouse_exited) => {
1155                self.window.modifiers = mouse_exited.modifiers;
1156                PlatformInput::MouseExited(mouse_exited)
1157            }
1158            PlatformInput::ModifiersChanged(modifiers_changed) => {
1159                self.window.modifiers = modifiers_changed.modifiers;
1160                PlatformInput::ModifiersChanged(modifiers_changed)
1161            }
1162            PlatformInput::ScrollWheel(scroll_wheel) => {
1163                self.window.mouse_position = scroll_wheel.position;
1164                self.window.modifiers = scroll_wheel.modifiers;
1165                PlatformInput::ScrollWheel(scroll_wheel)
1166            }
1167            // Translate dragging and dropping of external files from the operating system
1168            // to internal drag and drop events.
1169            PlatformInput::FileDrop(file_drop) => match file_drop {
1170                FileDropEvent::Entered { position, paths } => {
1171                    self.window.mouse_position = position;
1172                    if self.active_drag.is_none() {
1173                        self.active_drag = Some(AnyDrag {
1174                            value: Box::new(paths.clone()),
1175                            view: self.new_view(|_| paths).into(),
1176                            cursor_offset: position,
1177                        });
1178                    }
1179                    PlatformInput::MouseMove(MouseMoveEvent {
1180                        position,
1181                        pressed_button: Some(MouseButton::Left),
1182                        modifiers: Modifiers::default(),
1183                    })
1184                }
1185                FileDropEvent::Pending { position } => {
1186                    self.window.mouse_position = position;
1187                    PlatformInput::MouseMove(MouseMoveEvent {
1188                        position,
1189                        pressed_button: Some(MouseButton::Left),
1190                        modifiers: Modifiers::default(),
1191                    })
1192                }
1193                FileDropEvent::Submit { position } => {
1194                    self.activate(true);
1195                    self.window.mouse_position = position;
1196                    PlatformInput::MouseUp(MouseUpEvent {
1197                        button: MouseButton::Left,
1198                        position,
1199                        modifiers: Modifiers::default(),
1200                        click_count: 1,
1201                    })
1202                }
1203                FileDropEvent::Exited => PlatformInput::MouseUp(MouseUpEvent {
1204                    button: MouseButton::Left,
1205                    position: Point::default(),
1206                    modifiers: Modifiers::default(),
1207                    click_count: 1,
1208                }),
1209            },
1210            PlatformInput::KeyDown(_) | PlatformInput::KeyUp(_) => event,
1211        };
1212
1213        if let Some(any_mouse_event) = event.mouse_event() {
1214            self.dispatch_mouse_event(any_mouse_event);
1215        } else if let Some(any_key_event) = event.keyboard_event() {
1216            self.dispatch_key_event(any_key_event);
1217        }
1218
1219        !self.app.propagate_event
1220    }
1221
1222    fn dispatch_mouse_event(&mut self, event: &dyn Any) {
1223        if let Some(mut handlers) = self
1224            .window
1225            .rendered_frame
1226            .mouse_listeners
1227            .remove(&event.type_id())
1228        {
1229            // Because handlers may add other handlers, we sort every time.
1230            handlers.sort_by(|(a, _, _), (b, _, _)| a.cmp(b));
1231
1232            // Capture phase, events bubble from back to front. Handlers for this phase are used for
1233            // special purposes, such as detecting events outside of a given Bounds.
1234            for (_, _, handler) in &mut handlers {
1235                self.with_element_context(|cx| {
1236                    handler(event, DispatchPhase::Capture, cx);
1237                });
1238                if !self.app.propagate_event {
1239                    break;
1240                }
1241            }
1242
1243            // Bubble phase, where most normal handlers do their work.
1244            if self.app.propagate_event {
1245                for (_, _, handler) in handlers.iter_mut().rev() {
1246                    self.with_element_context(|cx| {
1247                        handler(event, DispatchPhase::Bubble, cx);
1248                    });
1249                    if !self.app.propagate_event {
1250                        break;
1251                    }
1252                }
1253            }
1254
1255            self.window
1256                .rendered_frame
1257                .mouse_listeners
1258                .insert(event.type_id(), handlers);
1259        }
1260
1261        if self.app.propagate_event && self.has_active_drag() {
1262            if event.is::<MouseMoveEvent>() {
1263                // If this was a mouse move event, redraw the window so that the
1264                // active drag can follow the mouse cursor.
1265                self.refresh();
1266            } else if event.is::<MouseUpEvent>() {
1267                // If this was a mouse up event, cancel the active drag and redraw
1268                // the window.
1269                self.active_drag = None;
1270                self.refresh();
1271            }
1272        }
1273    }
1274
1275    fn dispatch_key_event(&mut self, event: &dyn Any) {
1276        if self.window.dirty.get() {
1277            self.draw();
1278        }
1279
1280        let node_id = self
1281            .window
1282            .focus
1283            .and_then(|focus_id| {
1284                self.window
1285                    .rendered_frame
1286                    .dispatch_tree
1287                    .focusable_node_id(focus_id)
1288            })
1289            .unwrap_or_else(|| self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.root_node_id());
1290
1291        let dispatch_path = self
1292            .window
1293            .rendered_frame
1294            .dispatch_tree
1295            .dispatch_path(node_id);
1296
1297        if let Some(key_down_event) = event.downcast_ref::<KeyDownEvent>() {
1298            let KeymatchResult { bindings, pending } = self
1299                .window
1300                .rendered_frame
1301                .dispatch_tree
1302                .dispatch_key(&key_down_event.keystroke, &dispatch_path);
1303
1304            if pending {
1305                let mut currently_pending = self.window.pending_input.take().unwrap_or_default();
1306                if currently_pending.focus.is_some() && currently_pending.focus != self.window.focus
1307                {
1308                    currently_pending = PendingInput::default();
1309                }
1310                currently_pending.focus = self.window.focus;
1311                currently_pending
1312                    .keystrokes
1313                    .push(key_down_event.keystroke.clone());
1314                for binding in bindings {
1315                    currently_pending.bindings.push(binding);
1316                }
1317
1318                currently_pending.timer = Some(self.spawn(|mut cx| async move {
1319                    cx.background_executor.timer(Duration::from_secs(1)).await;
1320                    cx.update(move |cx| {
1321                        cx.clear_pending_keystrokes();
1322                        let Some(currently_pending) = cx.window.pending_input.take() else {
1323                            return;
1324                        };
1325                        cx.replay_pending_input(currently_pending)
1326                    })
1327                    .log_err();
1328                }));
1329                self.window.pending_input = Some(currently_pending);
1330
1331                self.propagate_event = false;
1332                return;
1333            } else if let Some(currently_pending) = self.window.pending_input.take() {
1334                if bindings
1335                    .iter()
1336                    .all(|binding| !currently_pending.used_by_binding(binding))
1337                {
1338                    self.replay_pending_input(currently_pending)
1339                }
1340            }
1341
1342            if !bindings.is_empty() {
1343                self.clear_pending_keystrokes();
1344            }
1345
1346            self.propagate_event = true;
1347            for binding in bindings {
1348                self.dispatch_action_on_node(node_id, binding.action.boxed_clone());
1349                if !self.propagate_event {
1350                    self.dispatch_keystroke_observers(event, Some(binding.action));
1351                    return;
1352                }
1353            }
1354        }
1355
1356        self.dispatch_key_down_up_event(event, &dispatch_path);
1357        if !self.propagate_event {
1358            return;
1359        }
1360
1361        self.dispatch_keystroke_observers(event, None);
1362    }
1363
1364    fn dispatch_key_down_up_event(
1365        &mut self,
1366        event: &dyn Any,
1367        dispatch_path: &SmallVec<[DispatchNodeId; 32]>,
1368    ) {
1369        // Capture phase
1370        for node_id in dispatch_path {
1371            let node = self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.node(*node_id);
1372
1373            for key_listener in node.key_listeners.clone() {
1374                self.with_element_context(|cx| {
1375                    key_listener(event, DispatchPhase::Capture, cx);
1376                });
1377                if !self.propagate_event {
1378                    return;
1379                }
1380            }
1381        }
1382
1383        // Bubble phase
1384        for node_id in dispatch_path.iter().rev() {
1385            // Handle low level key events
1386            let node = self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.node(*node_id);
1387            for key_listener in node.key_listeners.clone() {
1388                self.with_element_context(|cx| {
1389                    key_listener(event, DispatchPhase::Bubble, cx);
1390                });
1391                if !self.propagate_event {
1392                    return;
1393                }
1394            }
1395        }
1396    }
1397
1398    /// Determine whether a potential multi-stroke key binding is in progress on this window.
1399    pub fn has_pending_keystrokes(&self) -> bool {
1400        self.window
1401            .rendered_frame
1402            .dispatch_tree
1403            .has_pending_keystrokes()
1404    }
1405
1406    fn replay_pending_input(&mut self, currently_pending: PendingInput) {
1407        let node_id = self
1408            .window
1409            .focus
1410            .and_then(|focus_id| {
1411                self.window
1412                    .rendered_frame
1413                    .dispatch_tree
1414                    .focusable_node_id(focus_id)
1415            })
1416            .unwrap_or_else(|| self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.root_node_id());
1417
1418        if self.window.focus != currently_pending.focus {
1419            return;
1420        }
1421
1422        let input = currently_pending.input();
1423
1424        self.propagate_event = true;
1425        for binding in currently_pending.bindings {
1426            self.dispatch_action_on_node(node_id, binding.action.boxed_clone());
1427            if !self.propagate_event {
1428                return;
1429            }
1430        }
1431
1432        let dispatch_path = self
1433            .window
1434            .rendered_frame
1435            .dispatch_tree
1436            .dispatch_path(node_id);
1437
1438        for keystroke in currently_pending.keystrokes {
1439            let event = KeyDownEvent {
1440                keystroke,
1441                is_held: false,
1442            };
1443
1444            self.dispatch_key_down_up_event(&event, &dispatch_path);
1445            if !self.propagate_event {
1446                return;
1447            }
1448        }
1449
1450        if !input.is_empty() {
1451            if let Some(mut input_handler) = self.window.platform_window.take_input_handler() {
1452                input_handler.dispatch_input(&input, self);
1453                self.window.platform_window.set_input_handler(input_handler)
1454            }
1455        }
1456    }
1457
1458    fn dispatch_action_on_node(&mut self, node_id: DispatchNodeId, action: Box<dyn Action>) {
1459        let dispatch_path = self
1460            .window
1461            .rendered_frame
1462            .dispatch_tree
1463            .dispatch_path(node_id);
1464
1465        // Capture phase
1466        for node_id in &dispatch_path {
1467            let node = self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.node(*node_id);
1468            for DispatchActionListener {
1469                action_type,
1470                listener,
1471            } in node.action_listeners.clone()
1472            {
1473                let any_action = action.as_any();
1474                if action_type == any_action.type_id() {
1475                    self.with_element_context(|cx| {
1476                        listener(any_action, DispatchPhase::Capture, cx);
1477                    });
1478
1479                    if !self.propagate_event {
1480                        return;
1481                    }
1482                }
1483            }
1484        }
1485        // Bubble phase
1486        for node_id in dispatch_path.iter().rev() {
1487            let node = self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.node(*node_id);
1488            for DispatchActionListener {
1489                action_type,
1490                listener,
1491            } in node.action_listeners.clone()
1492            {
1493                let any_action = action.as_any();
1494                if action_type == any_action.type_id() {
1495                    self.propagate_event = false; // Actions stop propagation by default during the bubble phase
1496
1497                    self.with_element_context(|cx| {
1498                        listener(any_action, DispatchPhase::Bubble, cx);
1499                    });
1500
1501                    if !self.propagate_event {
1502                        return;
1503                    }
1504                }
1505            }
1506        }
1507    }
1508
1509    /// Toggle the graphics profiler to debug your application's rendering performance.
1510    pub fn toggle_graphics_profiler(&mut self) {
1511        self.window.graphics_profiler_enabled = !self.window.graphics_profiler_enabled;
1512        self.window
1513            .platform_window
1514            .set_graphics_profiler_enabled(self.window.graphics_profiler_enabled);
1515    }
1516
1517    /// Register the given handler to be invoked whenever the global of the given type
1518    /// is updated.
1519    pub fn observe_global<G: Global>(
1520        &mut self,
1521        f: impl Fn(&mut WindowContext<'_>) + 'static,
1522    ) -> Subscription {
1523        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
1524        let (subscription, activate) = self.global_observers.insert(
1525            TypeId::of::<G>(),
1526            Box::new(move |cx| window_handle.update(cx, |_, cx| f(cx)).is_ok()),
1527        );
1528        self.app.defer(move |_| activate());
1529        subscription
1530    }
1531
1532    /// Focus the current window and bring it to the foreground at the platform level.
1533    pub fn activate_window(&self) {
1534        self.window.platform_window.activate();
1535    }
1536
1537    /// Minimize the current window at the platform level.
1538    pub fn minimize_window(&self) {
1539        self.window.platform_window.minimize();
1540    }
1541
1542    /// Toggle full screen status on the current window at the platform level.
1543    pub fn toggle_full_screen(&self) {
1544        self.window.platform_window.toggle_full_screen();
1545    }
1546
1547    /// Present a platform dialog.
1548    /// The provided message will be presented, along with buttons for each answer.
1549    /// When a button is clicked, the returned Receiver will receive the index of the clicked button.
1550    pub fn prompt(
1551        &self,
1552        level: PromptLevel,
1553        message: &str,
1554        detail: Option<&str>,
1555        answers: &[&str],
1556    ) -> oneshot::Receiver<usize> {
1557        self.window
1558            .platform_window
1559            .prompt(level, message, detail, answers)
1560    }
1561
1562    /// Returns all available actions for the focused element.
1563    pub fn available_actions(&self) -> Vec<Box<dyn Action>> {
1564        let node_id = self
1565            .window
1566            .focus
1567            .and_then(|focus_id| {
1568                self.window
1569                    .rendered_frame
1570                    .dispatch_tree
1571                    .focusable_node_id(focus_id)
1572            })
1573            .unwrap_or_else(|| self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.root_node_id());
1574
1575        self.window
1576            .rendered_frame
1577            .dispatch_tree
1578            .available_actions(node_id)
1579    }
1580
1581    /// Returns key bindings that invoke the given action on the currently focused element.
1582    pub fn bindings_for_action(&self, action: &dyn Action) -> Vec<KeyBinding> {
1583        self.window
1584            .rendered_frame
1585            .dispatch_tree
1586            .bindings_for_action(
1587                action,
1588                &self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.context_stack,
1589            )
1590    }
1591
1592    /// Returns any bindings that would invoke the given action on the given focus handle if it were focused.
1593    pub fn bindings_for_action_in(
1594        &self,
1595        action: &dyn Action,
1596        focus_handle: &FocusHandle,
1597    ) -> Vec<KeyBinding> {
1598        let dispatch_tree = &self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree;
1599
1600        let Some(node_id) = dispatch_tree.focusable_node_id(focus_handle.id) else {
1601            return vec![];
1602        };
1603        let context_stack: Vec<_> = dispatch_tree
1604            .dispatch_path(node_id)
1605            .into_iter()
1606            .filter_map(|node_id| dispatch_tree.node(node_id).context.clone())
1607            .collect();
1608        dispatch_tree.bindings_for_action(action, &context_stack)
1609    }
1610
1611    /// Returns a generic event listener that invokes the given listener with the view and context associated with the given view handle.
1612    pub fn listener_for<V: Render, E>(
1613        &self,
1614        view: &View<V>,
1615        f: impl Fn(&mut V, &E, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
1616    ) -> impl Fn(&E, &mut WindowContext) + 'static {
1617        let view = view.downgrade();
1618        move |e: &E, cx: &mut WindowContext| {
1619            view.update(cx, |view, cx| f(view, e, cx)).ok();
1620        }
1621    }
1622
1623    /// Returns a generic handler that invokes the given handler with the view and context associated with the given view handle.
1624    pub fn handler_for<V: Render>(
1625        &self,
1626        view: &View<V>,
1627        f: impl Fn(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
1628    ) -> impl Fn(&mut WindowContext) {
1629        let view = view.downgrade();
1630        move |cx: &mut WindowContext| {
1631            view.update(cx, |view, cx| f(view, cx)).ok();
1632        }
1633    }
1634
1635    /// Register a callback that can interrupt the closing of the current window based the returned boolean.
1636    /// If the callback returns false, the window won't be closed.
1637    pub fn on_window_should_close(&mut self, f: impl Fn(&mut WindowContext) -> bool + 'static) {
1638        let mut this = self.to_async();
1639        self.window
1640            .platform_window
1641            .on_should_close(Box::new(move || this.update(|cx| f(cx)).unwrap_or(true)))
1642    }
1643
1644    pub(crate) fn parent_view_id(&self) -> EntityId {
1645        *self
1646            .window
1647            .next_frame
1648            .view_stack
1649            .last()
1650            .expect("a view should always be on the stack while drawing")
1651    }
1652
1653    /// Register an action listener on the window for the next frame. The type of action
1654    /// is determined by the first parameter of the given listener. When the next frame is rendered
1655    /// the listener will be cleared.
1656    ///
1657    /// This is a fairly low-level method, so prefer using action handlers on elements unless you have
1658    /// a specific need to register a global listener.
1659    pub fn on_action(
1660        &mut self,
1661        action_type: TypeId,
1662        listener: impl Fn(&dyn Any, DispatchPhase, &mut WindowContext) + 'static,
1663    ) {
1664        self.window
1665            .next_frame
1666            .dispatch_tree
1667            .on_action(action_type, Rc::new(listener));
1668    }
1669}
1670
1671impl Context for WindowContext<'_> {
1672    type Result<T> = T;
1673
1674    fn new_model<T>(&mut self, build_model: impl FnOnce(&mut ModelContext<'_, T>) -> T) -> Model<T>
1675    where
1676        T: 'static,
1677    {
1678        let slot = self.app.entities.reserve();
1679        let model = build_model(&mut ModelContext::new(&mut *self.app, slot.downgrade()));
1680        self.entities.insert(slot, model)
1681    }
1682
1683    fn update_model<T: 'static, R>(
1684        &mut self,
1685        model: &Model<T>,
1686        update: impl FnOnce(&mut T, &mut ModelContext<'_, T>) -> R,
1687    ) -> R {
1688        let mut entity = self.entities.lease(model);
1689        let result = update(
1690            &mut *entity,
1691            &mut ModelContext::new(&mut *self.app, model.downgrade()),
1692        );
1693        self.entities.end_lease(entity);
1694        result
1695    }
1696
1697    fn update_window<T, F>(&mut self, window: AnyWindowHandle, update: F) -> Result<T>
1698    where
1699        F: FnOnce(AnyView, &mut WindowContext<'_>) -> T,
1700    {
1701        if window == self.window.handle {
1702            let root_view = self.window.root_view.clone().unwrap();
1703            Ok(update(root_view, self))
1704        } else {
1705            window.update(self.app, update)
1706        }
1707    }
1708
1709    fn read_model<T, R>(
1710        &self,
1711        handle: &Model<T>,
1712        read: impl FnOnce(&T, &AppContext) -> R,
1713    ) -> Self::Result<R>
1714    where
1715        T: 'static,
1716    {
1717        let entity = self.entities.read(handle);
1718        read(entity, &*self.app)
1719    }
1720
1721    fn read_window<T, R>(
1722        &self,
1723        window: &WindowHandle<T>,
1724        read: impl FnOnce(View<T>, &AppContext) -> R,
1725    ) -> Result<R>
1726    where
1727        T: 'static,
1728    {
1729        if window.any_handle == self.window.handle {
1730            let root_view = self
1731                .window
1732                .root_view
1733                .clone()
1734                .unwrap()
1735                .downcast::<T>()
1736                .map_err(|_| anyhow!("the type of the window's root view has changed"))?;
1737            Ok(read(root_view, self))
1738        } else {
1739            self.app.read_window(window, read)
1740        }
1741    }
1742}
1743
1744impl VisualContext for WindowContext<'_> {
1745    fn new_view<V>(
1746        &mut self,
1747        build_view_state: impl FnOnce(&mut ViewContext<'_, V>) -> V,
1748    ) -> Self::Result<View<V>>
1749    where
1750        V: 'static + Render,
1751    {
1752        let slot = self.app.entities.reserve();
1753        let view = View {
1754            model: slot.clone(),
1755        };
1756        let mut cx = ViewContext::new(&mut *self.app, &mut *self.window, &view);
1757        let entity = build_view_state(&mut cx);
1758        cx.entities.insert(slot, entity);
1759
1760        // Non-generic part to avoid leaking SubscriberSet to invokers of `new_view`.
1761        fn notify_observers(cx: &mut WindowContext, tid: TypeId, view: AnyView) {
1762            cx.new_view_observers.clone().retain(&tid, |observer| {
1763                let any_view = view.clone();
1764                (observer)(any_view, cx);
1765                true
1766            });
1767        }
1768        notify_observers(self, TypeId::of::<V>(), AnyView::from(view.clone()));
1769
1770        view
1771    }
1772
1773    /// Updates the given view. Prefer calling [`View::update`] instead, which calls this method.
1774    fn update_view<T: 'static, R>(
1775        &mut self,
1776        view: &View<T>,
1777        update: impl FnOnce(&mut T, &mut ViewContext<'_, T>) -> R,
1778    ) -> Self::Result<R> {
1779        let mut lease = self.app.entities.lease(&view.model);
1780        let mut cx = ViewContext::new(&mut *self.app, &mut *self.window, view);
1781        let result = update(&mut *lease, &mut cx);
1782        cx.app.entities.end_lease(lease);
1783        result
1784    }
1785
1786    fn replace_root_view<V>(
1787        &mut self,
1788        build_view: impl FnOnce(&mut ViewContext<'_, V>) -> V,
1789    ) -> Self::Result<View<V>>
1790    where
1791        V: 'static + Render,
1792    {
1793        let view = self.new_view(build_view);
1794        self.window.root_view = Some(view.clone().into());
1795        self.refresh();
1796        view
1797    }
1798
1799    fn focus_view<V: crate::FocusableView>(&mut self, view: &View<V>) -> Self::Result<()> {
1800        self.update_view(view, |view, cx| {
1801            view.focus_handle(cx).clone().focus(cx);
1802        })
1803    }
1804
1805    fn dismiss_view<V>(&mut self, view: &View<V>) -> Self::Result<()>
1806    where
1807        V: ManagedView,
1808    {
1809        self.update_view(view, |_, cx| cx.emit(DismissEvent))
1810    }
1811}
1812
1813impl<'a> std::ops::Deref for WindowContext<'a> {
1814    type Target = AppContext;
1815
1816    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
1817        self.app
1818    }
1819}
1820
1821impl<'a> std::ops::DerefMut for WindowContext<'a> {
1822    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
1823        self.app
1824    }
1825}
1826
1827impl<'a> Borrow<AppContext> for WindowContext<'a> {
1828    fn borrow(&self) -> &AppContext {
1829        self.app
1830    }
1831}
1832
1833impl<'a> BorrowMut<AppContext> for WindowContext<'a> {
1834    fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut AppContext {
1835        self.app
1836    }
1837}
1838
1839/// This trait contains functionality that is shared across [`ViewContext`] and [`WindowContext`]
1840pub trait BorrowWindow: BorrowMut<Window> + BorrowMut<AppContext> {
1841    #[doc(hidden)]
1842    fn app_mut(&mut self) -> &mut AppContext {
1843        self.borrow_mut()
1844    }
1845
1846    #[doc(hidden)]
1847    fn app(&self) -> &AppContext {
1848        self.borrow()
1849    }
1850
1851    #[doc(hidden)]
1852    fn window(&self) -> &Window {
1853        self.borrow()
1854    }
1855
1856    #[doc(hidden)]
1857    fn window_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Window {
1858        self.borrow_mut()
1859    }
1860}
1861
1862impl Borrow<Window> for WindowContext<'_> {
1863    fn borrow(&self) -> &Window {
1864        self.window
1865    }
1866}
1867
1868impl BorrowMut<Window> for WindowContext<'_> {
1869    fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Window {
1870        self.window
1871    }
1872}
1873
1874impl<T> BorrowWindow for T where T: BorrowMut<AppContext> + BorrowMut<Window> {}
1875
1876/// Provides access to application state that is specialized for a particular [`View`].
1877/// Allows you to interact with focus, emit events, etc.
1878/// ViewContext also derefs to [`WindowContext`], giving you access to all of its methods as well.
1879/// When you call [`View::update`], you're passed a `&mut V` and an `&mut ViewContext<V>`.
1880pub struct ViewContext<'a, V> {
1881    window_cx: WindowContext<'a>,
1882    view: &'a View<V>,
1883}
1884
1885impl<V> Borrow<AppContext> for ViewContext<'_, V> {
1886    fn borrow(&self) -> &AppContext {
1887        &*self.window_cx.app
1888    }
1889}
1890
1891impl<V> BorrowMut<AppContext> for ViewContext<'_, V> {
1892    fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut AppContext {
1893        &mut *self.window_cx.app
1894    }
1895}
1896
1897impl<V> Borrow<Window> for ViewContext<'_, V> {
1898    fn borrow(&self) -> &Window {
1899        &*self.window_cx.window
1900    }
1901}
1902
1903impl<V> BorrowMut<Window> for ViewContext<'_, V> {
1904    fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Window {
1905        &mut *self.window_cx.window
1906    }
1907}
1908
1909impl<'a, V: 'static> ViewContext<'a, V> {
1910    pub(crate) fn new(app: &'a mut AppContext, window: &'a mut Window, view: &'a View<V>) -> Self {
1911        Self {
1912            window_cx: WindowContext::new(app, window),
1913            view,
1914        }
1915    }
1916
1917    /// Get the entity_id of this view.
1918    pub fn entity_id(&self) -> EntityId {
1919        self.view.entity_id()
1920    }
1921
1922    /// Get the view pointer underlying this context.
1923    pub fn view(&self) -> &View<V> {
1924        self.view
1925    }
1926
1927    /// Get the model underlying this view.
1928    pub fn model(&self) -> &Model<V> {
1929        &self.view.model
1930    }
1931
1932    /// Access the underlying window context.
1933    pub fn window_context(&mut self) -> &mut WindowContext<'a> {
1934        &mut self.window_cx
1935    }
1936
1937    /// Sets a given callback to be run on the next frame.
1938    pub fn on_next_frame(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static)
1939    where
1940        V: 'static,
1941    {
1942        let view = self.view().clone();
1943        self.window_cx.on_next_frame(move |cx| view.update(cx, f));
1944    }
1945
1946    /// Schedules the given function to be run at the end of the current effect cycle, allowing entities
1947    /// that are currently on the stack to be returned to the app.
1948    pub fn defer(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static) {
1949        let view = self.view().downgrade();
1950        self.window_cx.defer(move |cx| {
1951            view.update(cx, f).ok();
1952        });
1953    }
1954
1955    /// Observe another model or view for changes to its state, as tracked by [`ModelContext::notify`].
1956    pub fn observe<V2, E>(
1957        &mut self,
1958        entity: &E,
1959        mut on_notify: impl FnMut(&mut V, E, &mut ViewContext<'_, V>) + 'static,
1960    ) -> Subscription
1961    where
1962        V2: 'static,
1963        V: 'static,
1964        E: Entity<V2>,
1965    {
1966        let view = self.view().downgrade();
1967        let entity_id = entity.entity_id();
1968        let entity = entity.downgrade();
1969        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
1970        self.app.new_observer(
1971            entity_id,
1972            Box::new(move |cx| {
1973                window_handle
1974                    .update(cx, |_, cx| {
1975                        if let Some(handle) = E::upgrade_from(&entity) {
1976                            view.update(cx, |this, cx| on_notify(this, handle, cx))
1977                                .is_ok()
1978                        } else {
1979                            false
1980                        }
1981                    })
1982                    .unwrap_or(false)
1983            }),
1984        )
1985    }
1986
1987    /// Subscribe to events emitted by another model or view.
1988    /// The entity to which you're subscribing must implement the [`EventEmitter`] trait.
1989    /// The callback will be invoked with a reference to the current view, a handle to the emitting entity (either a [`View`] or [`Model`]), the event, and a view context for the current view.
1990    pub fn subscribe<V2, E, Evt>(
1991        &mut self,
1992        entity: &E,
1993        mut on_event: impl FnMut(&mut V, E, &Evt, &mut ViewContext<'_, V>) + 'static,
1994    ) -> Subscription
1995    where
1996        V2: EventEmitter<Evt>,
1997        E: Entity<V2>,
1998        Evt: 'static,
1999    {
2000        let view = self.view().downgrade();
2001        let entity_id = entity.entity_id();
2002        let handle = entity.downgrade();
2003        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
2004        self.app.new_subscription(
2005            entity_id,
2006            (
2007                TypeId::of::<Evt>(),
2008                Box::new(move |event, cx| {
2009                    window_handle
2010                        .update(cx, |_, cx| {
2011                            if let Some(handle) = E::upgrade_from(&handle) {
2012                                let event = event.downcast_ref().expect("invalid event type");
2013                                view.update(cx, |this, cx| on_event(this, handle, event, cx))
2014                                    .is_ok()
2015                            } else {
2016                                false
2017                            }
2018                        })
2019                        .unwrap_or(false)
2020                }),
2021            ),
2022        )
2023    }
2024
2025    /// Register a callback to be invoked when the view is released.
2026    ///
2027    /// The callback receives a handle to the view's window. This handle may be
2028    /// invalid, if the window was closed before the view was released.
2029    pub fn on_release(
2030        &mut self,
2031        on_release: impl FnOnce(&mut V, AnyWindowHandle, &mut AppContext) + 'static,
2032    ) -> Subscription {
2033        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
2034        let (subscription, activate) = self.app.release_listeners.insert(
2035            self.view.model.entity_id,
2036            Box::new(move |this, cx| {
2037                let this = this.downcast_mut().expect("invalid entity type");
2038                on_release(this, window_handle, cx)
2039            }),
2040        );
2041        activate();
2042        subscription
2043    }
2044
2045    /// Register a callback to be invoked when the given Model or View is released.
2046    pub fn observe_release<V2, E>(
2047        &mut self,
2048        entity: &E,
2049        mut on_release: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut V2, &mut ViewContext<'_, V>) + 'static,
2050    ) -> Subscription
2051    where
2052        V: 'static,
2053        V2: 'static,
2054        E: Entity<V2>,
2055    {
2056        let view = self.view().downgrade();
2057        let entity_id = entity.entity_id();
2058        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
2059        let (subscription, activate) = self.app.release_listeners.insert(
2060            entity_id,
2061            Box::new(move |entity, cx| {
2062                let entity = entity.downcast_mut().expect("invalid entity type");
2063                let _ = window_handle.update(cx, |_, cx| {
2064                    view.update(cx, |this, cx| on_release(this, entity, cx))
2065                });
2066            }),
2067        );
2068        activate();
2069        subscription
2070    }
2071
2072    /// Indicate that this view has changed, which will invoke any observers and also mark the window as dirty.
2073    /// If this view or any of its ancestors are *cached*, notifying it will cause it or its ancestors to be redrawn.
2074    pub fn notify(&mut self) {
2075        for view_id in self
2076            .window
2077            .rendered_frame
2078            .dispatch_tree
2079            .view_path(self.view.entity_id())
2080            .into_iter()
2081            .rev()
2082        {
2083            if !self.window.dirty_views.insert(view_id) {
2084                break;
2085            }
2086        }
2087
2088        if !self.window.drawing {
2089            self.window_cx.window.dirty.set(true);
2090            self.window_cx.app.push_effect(Effect::Notify {
2091                emitter: self.view.model.entity_id,
2092            });
2093        }
2094    }
2095
2096    /// Register a callback to be invoked when the window is resized.
2097    pub fn observe_window_bounds(
2098        &mut self,
2099        mut callback: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2100    ) -> Subscription {
2101        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2102        let (subscription, activate) = self.window.bounds_observers.insert(
2103            (),
2104            Box::new(move |cx| view.update(cx, |view, cx| callback(view, cx)).is_ok()),
2105        );
2106        activate();
2107        subscription
2108    }
2109
2110    /// Register a callback to be invoked when the window is activated or deactivated.
2111    pub fn observe_window_activation(
2112        &mut self,
2113        mut callback: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2114    ) -> Subscription {
2115        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2116        let (subscription, activate) = self.window.activation_observers.insert(
2117            (),
2118            Box::new(move |cx| view.update(cx, |view, cx| callback(view, cx)).is_ok()),
2119        );
2120        activate();
2121        subscription
2122    }
2123
2124    /// Registers a callback to be invoked when the window appearance changes.
2125    pub fn observe_window_appearance(
2126        &mut self,
2127        mut callback: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2128    ) -> Subscription {
2129        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2130        let (subscription, activate) = self.window.appearance_observers.insert(
2131            (),
2132            Box::new(move |cx| view.update(cx, |view, cx| callback(view, cx)).is_ok()),
2133        );
2134        activate();
2135        subscription
2136    }
2137
2138    /// Register a listener to be called when the given focus handle receives focus.
2139    /// Returns a subscription and persists until the subscription is dropped.
2140    pub fn on_focus(
2141        &mut self,
2142        handle: &FocusHandle,
2143        mut listener: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2144    ) -> Subscription {
2145        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2146        let focus_id = handle.id;
2147        let (subscription, activate) =
2148            self.window.new_focus_listener(Box::new(move |event, cx| {
2149                view.update(cx, |view, cx| {
2150                    if event.previous_focus_path.last() != Some(&focus_id)
2151                        && event.current_focus_path.last() == Some(&focus_id)
2152                    {
2153                        listener(view, cx)
2154                    }
2155                })
2156                .is_ok()
2157            }));
2158        self.app.defer(|_| activate());
2159        subscription
2160    }
2161
2162    /// Register a listener to be called when the given focus handle or one of its descendants receives focus.
2163    /// Returns a subscription and persists until the subscription is dropped.
2164    pub fn on_focus_in(
2165        &mut self,
2166        handle: &FocusHandle,
2167        mut listener: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2168    ) -> Subscription {
2169        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2170        let focus_id = handle.id;
2171        let (subscription, activate) =
2172            self.window.new_focus_listener(Box::new(move |event, cx| {
2173                view.update(cx, |view, cx| {
2174                    if !event.previous_focus_path.contains(&focus_id)
2175                        && event.current_focus_path.contains(&focus_id)
2176                    {
2177                        listener(view, cx)
2178                    }
2179                })
2180                .is_ok()
2181            }));
2182        self.app.defer(move |_| activate());
2183        subscription
2184    }
2185
2186    /// Register a listener to be called when the given focus handle loses focus.
2187    /// Returns a subscription and persists until the subscription is dropped.
2188    pub fn on_blur(
2189        &mut self,
2190        handle: &FocusHandle,
2191        mut listener: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2192    ) -> Subscription {
2193        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2194        let focus_id = handle.id;
2195        let (subscription, activate) =
2196            self.window.new_focus_listener(Box::new(move |event, cx| {
2197                view.update(cx, |view, cx| {
2198                    if event.previous_focus_path.last() == Some(&focus_id)
2199                        && event.current_focus_path.last() != Some(&focus_id)
2200                    {
2201                        listener(view, cx)
2202                    }
2203                })
2204                .is_ok()
2205            }));
2206        self.app.defer(move |_| activate());
2207        subscription
2208    }
2209
2210    /// Register a listener to be called when nothing in the window has focus.
2211    /// This typically happens when the node that was focused is removed from the tree,
2212    /// and this callback lets you chose a default place to restore the users focus.
2213    /// Returns a subscription and persists until the subscription is dropped.
2214    pub fn on_focus_lost(
2215        &mut self,
2216        mut listener: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2217    ) -> Subscription {
2218        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2219        let (subscription, activate) = self.window.focus_lost_listeners.insert(
2220            (),
2221            Box::new(move |cx| view.update(cx, |view, cx| listener(view, cx)).is_ok()),
2222        );
2223        activate();
2224        subscription
2225    }
2226
2227    /// Register a listener to be called when the given focus handle or one of its descendants loses focus.
2228    /// Returns a subscription and persists until the subscription is dropped.
2229    pub fn on_focus_out(
2230        &mut self,
2231        handle: &FocusHandle,
2232        mut listener: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2233    ) -> Subscription {
2234        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2235        let focus_id = handle.id;
2236        let (subscription, activate) =
2237            self.window.new_focus_listener(Box::new(move |event, cx| {
2238                view.update(cx, |view, cx| {
2239                    if event.previous_focus_path.contains(&focus_id)
2240                        && !event.current_focus_path.contains(&focus_id)
2241                    {
2242                        listener(view, cx)
2243                    }
2244                })
2245                .is_ok()
2246            }));
2247        self.app.defer(move |_| activate());
2248        subscription
2249    }
2250
2251    /// Schedule a future to be run asynchronously.
2252    /// The given callback is invoked with a [`WeakView<V>`] to avoid leaking the view for a long-running process.
2253    /// It's also given an [`AsyncWindowContext`], which can be used to access the state of the view across await points.
2254    /// The returned future will be polled on the main thread.
2255    pub fn spawn<Fut, R>(
2256        &mut self,
2257        f: impl FnOnce(WeakView<V>, AsyncWindowContext) -> Fut,
2258    ) -> Task<R>
2259    where
2260        R: 'static,
2261        Fut: Future<Output = R> + 'static,
2262    {
2263        let view = self.view().downgrade();
2264        self.window_cx.spawn(|cx| f(view, cx))
2265    }
2266
2267    /// Updates the global state of the given type.
2268    pub fn update_global<G, R>(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut G, &mut Self) -> R) -> R
2269    where
2270        G: Global,
2271    {
2272        let mut global = self.app.lease_global::<G>();
2273        let result = f(&mut global, self);
2274        self.app.end_global_lease(global);
2275        result
2276    }
2277
2278    /// Register a callback to be invoked when the given global state changes.
2279    pub fn observe_global<G: Global>(
2280        &mut self,
2281        mut f: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<'_, V>) + 'static,
2282    ) -> Subscription {
2283        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
2284        let view = self.view().downgrade();
2285        let (subscription, activate) = self.global_observers.insert(
2286            TypeId::of::<G>(),
2287            Box::new(move |cx| {
2288                window_handle
2289                    .update(cx, |_, cx| view.update(cx, |view, cx| f(view, cx)).is_ok())
2290                    .unwrap_or(false)
2291            }),
2292        );
2293        self.app.defer(move |_| activate());
2294        subscription
2295    }
2296
2297    /// Register a callback to be invoked when the given Action type is dispatched to the window.
2298    pub fn on_action(
2299        &mut self,
2300        action_type: TypeId,
2301        listener: impl Fn(&mut V, &dyn Any, DispatchPhase, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2302    ) {
2303        let handle = self.view().clone();
2304        self.window_cx
2305            .on_action(action_type, move |action, phase, cx| {
2306                handle.update(cx, |view, cx| {
2307                    listener(view, action, phase, cx);
2308                })
2309            });
2310    }
2311
2312    /// Emit an event to be handled any other views that have subscribed via [ViewContext::subscribe].
2313    pub fn emit<Evt>(&mut self, event: Evt)
2314    where
2315        Evt: 'static,
2316        V: EventEmitter<Evt>,
2317    {
2318        let emitter = self.view.model.entity_id;
2319        self.app.push_effect(Effect::Emit {
2320            emitter,
2321            event_type: TypeId::of::<Evt>(),
2322            event: Box::new(event),
2323        });
2324    }
2325
2326    /// Move focus to the current view, assuming it implements [`FocusableView`].
2327    pub fn focus_self(&mut self)
2328    where
2329        V: FocusableView,
2330    {
2331        self.defer(|view, cx| view.focus_handle(cx).focus(cx))
2332    }
2333
2334    /// Convenience method for accessing view state in an event callback.
2335    ///
2336    /// Many GPUI callbacks take the form of `Fn(&E, &mut WindowContext)`,
2337    /// but it's often useful to be able to access view state in these
2338    /// callbacks. This method provides a convenient way to do so.
2339    pub fn listener<E>(
2340        &self,
2341        f: impl Fn(&mut V, &E, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2342    ) -> impl Fn(&E, &mut WindowContext) + 'static {
2343        let view = self.view().downgrade();
2344        move |e: &E, cx: &mut WindowContext| {
2345            view.update(cx, |view, cx| f(view, e, cx)).ok();
2346        }
2347    }
2348}
2349
2350impl<V> Context for ViewContext<'_, V> {
2351    type Result<U> = U;
2352
2353    fn new_model<T: 'static>(
2354        &mut self,
2355        build_model: impl FnOnce(&mut ModelContext<'_, T>) -> T,
2356    ) -> Model<T> {
2357        self.window_cx.new_model(build_model)
2358    }
2359
2360    fn update_model<T: 'static, R>(
2361        &mut self,
2362        model: &Model<T>,
2363        update: impl FnOnce(&mut T, &mut ModelContext<'_, T>) -> R,
2364    ) -> R {
2365        self.window_cx.update_model(model, update)
2366    }
2367
2368    fn update_window<T, F>(&mut self, window: AnyWindowHandle, update: F) -> Result<T>
2369    where
2370        F: FnOnce(AnyView, &mut WindowContext<'_>) -> T,
2371    {
2372        self.window_cx.update_window(window, update)
2373    }
2374
2375    fn read_model<T, R>(
2376        &self,
2377        handle: &Model<T>,
2378        read: impl FnOnce(&T, &AppContext) -> R,
2379    ) -> Self::Result<R>
2380    where
2381        T: 'static,
2382    {
2383        self.window_cx.read_model(handle, read)
2384    }
2385
2386    fn read_window<T, R>(
2387        &self,
2388        window: &WindowHandle<T>,
2389        read: impl FnOnce(View<T>, &AppContext) -> R,
2390    ) -> Result<R>
2391    where
2392        T: 'static,
2393    {
2394        self.window_cx.read_window(window, read)
2395    }
2396}
2397
2398impl<V: 'static> VisualContext for ViewContext<'_, V> {
2399    fn new_view<W: Render + 'static>(
2400        &mut self,
2401        build_view_state: impl FnOnce(&mut ViewContext<'_, W>) -> W,
2402    ) -> Self::Result<View<W>> {
2403        self.window_cx.new_view(build_view_state)
2404    }
2405
2406    fn update_view<V2: 'static, R>(
2407        &mut self,
2408        view: &View<V2>,
2409        update: impl FnOnce(&mut V2, &mut ViewContext<'_, V2>) -> R,
2410    ) -> Self::Result<R> {
2411        self.window_cx.update_view(view, update)
2412    }
2413
2414    fn replace_root_view<W>(
2415        &mut self,
2416        build_view: impl FnOnce(&mut ViewContext<'_, W>) -> W,
2417    ) -> Self::Result<View<W>>
2418    where
2419        W: 'static + Render,
2420    {
2421        self.window_cx.replace_root_view(build_view)
2422    }
2423
2424    fn focus_view<W: FocusableView>(&mut self, view: &View<W>) -> Self::Result<()> {
2425        self.window_cx.focus_view(view)
2426    }
2427
2428    fn dismiss_view<W: ManagedView>(&mut self, view: &View<W>) -> Self::Result<()> {
2429        self.window_cx.dismiss_view(view)
2430    }
2431}
2432
2433impl<'a, V> std::ops::Deref for ViewContext<'a, V> {
2434    type Target = WindowContext<'a>;
2435
2436    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
2437        &self.window_cx
2438    }
2439}
2440
2441impl<'a, V> std::ops::DerefMut for ViewContext<'a, V> {
2442    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
2443        &mut self.window_cx
2444    }
2445}
2446
2447// #[derive(Clone, Copy, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
2448slotmap::new_key_type! {
2449    /// A unique identifier for a window.
2450    pub struct WindowId;
2451}
2452
2453impl WindowId {
2454    /// Converts this window ID to a `u64`.
2455    pub fn as_u64(&self) -> u64 {
2456        self.0.as_ffi()
2457    }
2458}
2459
2460/// A handle to a window with a specific root view type.
2461/// Note that this does not keep the window alive on its own.
2462#[derive(Deref, DerefMut)]
2463pub struct WindowHandle<V> {
2464    #[deref]
2465    #[deref_mut]
2466    pub(crate) any_handle: AnyWindowHandle,
2467    state_type: PhantomData<V>,
2468}
2469
2470impl<V: 'static + Render> WindowHandle<V> {
2471    /// Creates a new handle from a window ID.
2472    /// This does not check if the root type of the window is `V`.
2473    pub fn new(id: WindowId) -> Self {
2474        WindowHandle {
2475            any_handle: AnyWindowHandle {
2476                id,
2477                state_type: TypeId::of::<V>(),
2478            },
2479            state_type: PhantomData,
2480        }
2481    }
2482
2483    /// Get the root view out of this window.
2484    ///
2485    /// This will fail if the window is closed or if the root view's type does not match `V`.
2486    pub fn root<C>(&self, cx: &mut C) -> Result<View<V>>
2487    where
2488        C: Context,
2489    {
2490        Flatten::flatten(cx.update_window(self.any_handle, |root_view, _| {
2491            root_view
2492                .downcast::<V>()
2493                .map_err(|_| anyhow!("the type of the window's root view has changed"))
2494        }))
2495    }
2496
2497    /// Updates the root view of this window.
2498    ///
2499    /// This will fail if the window has been closed or if the root view's type does not match
2500    pub fn update<C, R>(
2501        &self,
2502        cx: &mut C,
2503        update: impl FnOnce(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<'_, V>) -> R,
2504    ) -> Result<R>
2505    where
2506        C: Context,
2507    {
2508        cx.update_window(self.any_handle, |root_view, cx| {
2509            let view = root_view
2510                .downcast::<V>()
2511                .map_err(|_| anyhow!("the type of the window's root view has changed"))?;
2512            Ok(cx.update_view(&view, update))
2513        })?
2514    }
2515
2516    /// Read the root view out of this window.
2517    ///
2518    /// This will fail if the window is closed or if the root view's type does not match `V`.
2519    pub fn read<'a>(&self, cx: &'a AppContext) -> Result<&'a V> {
2520        let x = cx
2521            .windows
2522            .get(self.id)
2523            .and_then(|window| {
2524                window
2525                    .as_ref()
2526                    .and_then(|window| window.root_view.clone())
2527                    .map(|root_view| root_view.downcast::<V>())
2528            })
2529            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("window not found"))?
2530            .map_err(|_| anyhow!("the type of the window's root view has changed"))?;
2531
2532        Ok(x.read(cx))
2533    }
2534
2535    /// Read the root view out of this window, with a callback
2536    ///
2537    /// This will fail if the window is closed or if the root view's type does not match `V`.
2538    pub fn read_with<C, R>(&self, cx: &C, read_with: impl FnOnce(&V, &AppContext) -> R) -> Result<R>
2539    where
2540        C: Context,
2541    {
2542        cx.read_window(self, |root_view, cx| read_with(root_view.read(cx), cx))
2543    }
2544
2545    /// Read the root view pointer off of this window.
2546    ///
2547    /// This will fail if the window is closed or if the root view's type does not match `V`.
2548    pub fn root_view<C>(&self, cx: &C) -> Result<View<V>>
2549    where
2550        C: Context,
2551    {
2552        cx.read_window(self, |root_view, _cx| root_view.clone())
2553    }
2554
2555    /// Check if this window is 'active'.
2556    ///
2557    /// Will return `None` if the window is closed or currently
2558    /// borrowed.
2559    pub fn is_active(&self, cx: &mut AppContext) -> Option<bool> {
2560        cx.update_window(self.any_handle, |_, cx| cx.is_window_active())
2561            .ok()
2562    }
2563}
2564
2565impl<V> Copy for WindowHandle<V> {}
2566
2567impl<V> Clone for WindowHandle<V> {
2568    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
2569        *self
2570    }
2571}
2572
2573impl<V> PartialEq for WindowHandle<V> {
2574    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
2575        self.any_handle == other.any_handle
2576    }
2577}
2578
2579impl<V> Eq for WindowHandle<V> {}
2580
2581impl<V> Hash for WindowHandle<V> {
2582    fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
2583        self.any_handle.hash(state);
2584    }
2585}
2586
2587impl<V: 'static> From<WindowHandle<V>> for AnyWindowHandle {
2588    fn from(val: WindowHandle<V>) -> Self {
2589        val.any_handle
2590    }
2591}
2592
2593/// A handle to a window with any root view type, which can be downcast to a window with a specific root view type.
2594#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
2595pub struct AnyWindowHandle {
2596    pub(crate) id: WindowId,
2597    state_type: TypeId,
2598}
2599
2600impl AnyWindowHandle {
2601    /// Get the ID of this window.
2602    pub fn window_id(&self) -> WindowId {
2603        self.id
2604    }
2605
2606    /// Attempt to convert this handle to a window handle with a specific root view type.
2607    /// If the types do not match, this will return `None`.
2608    pub fn downcast<T: 'static>(&self) -> Option<WindowHandle<T>> {
2609        if TypeId::of::<T>() == self.state_type {
2610            Some(WindowHandle {
2611                any_handle: *self,
2612                state_type: PhantomData,
2613            })
2614        } else {
2615            None
2616        }
2617    }
2618
2619    /// Updates the state of the root view of this window.
2620    ///
2621    /// This will fail if the window has been closed.
2622    pub fn update<C, R>(
2623        self,
2624        cx: &mut C,
2625        update: impl FnOnce(AnyView, &mut WindowContext<'_>) -> R,
2626    ) -> Result<R>
2627    where
2628        C: Context,
2629    {
2630        cx.update_window(self, update)
2631    }
2632
2633    /// Read the state of the root view of this window.
2634    ///
2635    /// This will fail if the window has been closed.
2636    pub fn read<T, C, R>(self, cx: &C, read: impl FnOnce(View<T>, &AppContext) -> R) -> Result<R>
2637    where
2638        C: Context,
2639        T: 'static,
2640    {
2641        let view = self
2642            .downcast::<T>()
2643            .context("the type of the window's root view has changed")?;
2644
2645        cx.read_window(&view, read)
2646    }
2647}
2648
2649/// An identifier for an [`Element`](crate::Element).
2650///
2651/// Can be constructed with a string, a number, or both, as well
2652/// as other internal representations.
2653#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
2654pub enum ElementId {
2655    /// The ID of a View element
2656    View(EntityId),
2657    /// An integer ID.
2658    Integer(usize),
2659    /// A string based ID.
2660    Name(SharedString),
2661    /// An ID that's equated with a focus handle.
2662    FocusHandle(FocusId),
2663    /// A combination of a name and an integer.
2664    NamedInteger(SharedString, usize),
2665}
2666
2667impl Display for ElementId {
2668    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
2669        match self {
2670            ElementId::View(entity_id) => write!(f, "view-{}", entity_id)?,
2671            ElementId::Integer(ix) => write!(f, "{}", ix)?,
2672            ElementId::Name(name) => write!(f, "{}", name)?,
2673            ElementId::FocusHandle(_) => write!(f, "FocusHandle")?,
2674            ElementId::NamedInteger(s, i) => write!(f, "{}-{}", s, i)?,
2675        }
2676
2677        Ok(())
2678    }
2679}
2680
2681impl ElementId {
2682    pub(crate) fn from_entity_id(entity_id: EntityId) -> Self {
2683        ElementId::View(entity_id)
2684    }
2685}
2686
2687impl TryInto<SharedString> for ElementId {
2688    type Error = anyhow::Error;
2689
2690    fn try_into(self) -> anyhow::Result<SharedString> {
2691        if let ElementId::Name(name) = self {
2692            Ok(name)
2693        } else {
2694            Err(anyhow!("element id is not string"))
2695        }
2696    }
2697}
2698
2699impl From<usize> for ElementId {
2700    fn from(id: usize) -> Self {
2701        ElementId::Integer(id)
2702    }
2703}
2704
2705impl From<i32> for ElementId {
2706    fn from(id: i32) -> Self {
2707        Self::Integer(id as usize)
2708    }
2709}
2710
2711impl From<SharedString> for ElementId {
2712    fn from(name: SharedString) -> Self {
2713        ElementId::Name(name)
2714    }
2715}
2716
2717impl From<&'static str> for ElementId {
2718    fn from(name: &'static str) -> Self {
2719        ElementId::Name(name.into())
2720    }
2721}
2722
2723impl<'a> From<&'a FocusHandle> for ElementId {
2724    fn from(handle: &'a FocusHandle) -> Self {
2725        ElementId::FocusHandle(handle.id)
2726    }
2727}
2728
2729impl From<(&'static str, EntityId)> for ElementId {
2730    fn from((name, id): (&'static str, EntityId)) -> Self {
2731        ElementId::NamedInteger(name.into(), id.as_u64() as usize)
2732    }
2733}
2734
2735impl From<(&'static str, usize)> for ElementId {
2736    fn from((name, id): (&'static str, usize)) -> Self {
2737        ElementId::NamedInteger(name.into(), id)
2738    }
2739}
2740
2741impl From<(&'static str, u64)> for ElementId {
2742    fn from((name, id): (&'static str, u64)) -> Self {
2743        ElementId::NamedInteger(name.into(), id as usize)
2744    }
2745}
2746
2747/// A rectangle to be rendered in the window at the given position and size.
2748/// Passed as an argument [`ElementContext::paint_quad`].
2749#[derive(Clone)]
2750pub struct PaintQuad {
2751    bounds: Bounds<Pixels>,
2752    corner_radii: Corners<Pixels>,
2753    background: Hsla,
2754    border_widths: Edges<Pixels>,
2755    border_color: Hsla,
2756}
2757
2758impl PaintQuad {
2759    /// Sets the corner radii of the quad.
2760    pub fn corner_radii(self, corner_radii: impl Into<Corners<Pixels>>) -> Self {
2761        PaintQuad {
2762            corner_radii: corner_radii.into(),
2763            ..self
2764        }
2765    }
2766
2767    /// Sets the border widths of the quad.
2768    pub fn border_widths(self, border_widths: impl Into<Edges<Pixels>>) -> Self {
2769        PaintQuad {
2770            border_widths: border_widths.into(),
2771            ..self
2772        }
2773    }
2774
2775    /// Sets the border color of the quad.
2776    pub fn border_color(self, border_color: impl Into<Hsla>) -> Self {
2777        PaintQuad {
2778            border_color: border_color.into(),
2779            ..self
2780        }
2781    }
2782
2783    /// Sets the background color of the quad.
2784    pub fn background(self, background: impl Into<Hsla>) -> Self {
2785        PaintQuad {
2786            background: background.into(),
2787            ..self
2788        }
2789    }
2790}
2791
2792/// Creates a quad with the given parameters.
2793pub fn quad(
2794    bounds: Bounds<Pixels>,
2795    corner_radii: impl Into<Corners<Pixels>>,
2796    background: impl Into<Hsla>,
2797    border_widths: impl Into<Edges<Pixels>>,
2798    border_color: impl Into<Hsla>,
2799) -> PaintQuad {
2800    PaintQuad {
2801        bounds,
2802        corner_radii: corner_radii.into(),
2803        background: background.into(),
2804        border_widths: border_widths.into(),
2805        border_color: border_color.into(),
2806    }
2807}
2808
2809/// Creates a filled quad with the given bounds and background color.
2810pub fn fill(bounds: impl Into<Bounds<Pixels>>, background: impl Into<Hsla>) -> PaintQuad {
2811    PaintQuad {
2812        bounds: bounds.into(),
2813        corner_radii: (0.).into(),
2814        background: background.into(),
2815        border_widths: (0.).into(),
2816        border_color: transparent_black(),
2817    }
2818}
2819
2820/// Creates a rectangle outline with the given bounds, border color, and a 1px border width
2821pub fn outline(bounds: impl Into<Bounds<Pixels>>, border_color: impl Into<Hsla>) -> PaintQuad {
2822    PaintQuad {
2823        bounds: bounds.into(),
2824        corner_radii: (0.).into(),
2825        background: transparent_black(),
2826        border_widths: (1.).into(),
2827        border_color: border_color.into(),
2828    }
2829}