window.rs

   1use crate::{
   2    px, size, transparent_black, Action, AnyDrag, AnyTooltip, AnyView, AppContext, Arena,
   3    AsyncWindowContext, AvailableSpace, Bounds, Context, Corners, CursorStyle,
   4    DispatchActionListener, DispatchNodeId, DispatchTree, DisplayId, Edges, Effect, Entity,
   5    EntityId, EventEmitter, FileDropEvent, Flatten, GlobalElementId, Hsla, KeyBinding, KeyContext,
   6    KeyDownEvent, KeystrokeEvent, Model, ModelContext, Modifiers, MouseButton, MouseMoveEvent,
   7    MouseUpEvent, Pixels, PlatformAtlas, PlatformDisplay, PlatformInput, PlatformInputHandler,
   8    PlatformWindow, Point, PromptLevel, Render, ScaledPixels, Scene, SharedString, Size,
   9    SubscriberSet, Subscription, TaffyLayoutEngine, Task, View, VisualContext, WeakView,
  10    WindowBounds, WindowOptions,
  11};
  12use anyhow::{anyhow, Context as _, Result};
  13use collections::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
  14use derive_more::{Deref, DerefMut};
  15use futures::{
  16    channel::{mpsc, oneshot},
  17    StreamExt,
  18};
  19use parking_lot::RwLock;
  20use slotmap::SlotMap;
  21use smallvec::SmallVec;
  22use std::{
  23    any::{Any, TypeId},
  24    borrow::{Borrow, BorrowMut},
  25    cell::RefCell,
  26    collections::hash_map::Entry,
  27    fmt::{Debug, Display},
  28    future::Future,
  29    hash::{Hash, Hasher},
  30    marker::PhantomData,
  31    mem,
  32    rc::Rc,
  33    sync::{
  34        atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering::SeqCst},
  35        Arc,
  36    },
  37};
  38use util::ResultExt;
  39
  40mod element_cx;
  41pub use element_cx::*;
  42
  43const ACTIVE_DRAG_Z_INDEX: u8 = 1;
  44
  45/// A global stacking order, which is created by stacking successive z-index values.
  46/// Each z-index will always be interpreted in the context of its parent z-index.
  47#[derive(Deref, DerefMut, Clone, Ord, PartialOrd, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]
  48pub struct StackingOrder {
  49    #[deref]
  50    #[deref_mut]
  51    context_stack: SmallVec<[u8; 64]>,
  52    pub(crate) id: u32,
  53}
  54
  55impl std::fmt::Debug for StackingOrder {
  56    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
  57        let mut stacks = self.context_stack.iter().peekable();
  58        write!(f, "[({}): ", self.id)?;
  59        while let Some(z_index) = stacks.next() {
  60            write!(f, "{z_index}")?;
  61            if stacks.peek().is_some() {
  62                write!(f, "->")?;
  63            }
  64        }
  65        write!(f, "]")?;
  66        Ok(())
  67    }
  68}
  69
  70/// Represents the two different phases when dispatching events.
  71#[derive(Default, Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
  72pub enum DispatchPhase {
  73    /// After the capture phase comes the bubble phase, in which mouse event listeners are
  74    /// invoked front to back and keyboard event listeners are invoked from the focused element
  75    /// to the root of the element tree. This is the phase you'll most commonly want to use when
  76    /// registering event listeners.
  77    #[default]
  78    Bubble,
  79    /// During the initial capture phase, mouse event listeners are invoked back to front, and keyboard
  80    /// listeners are invoked from the root of the tree downward toward the focused element. This phase
  81    /// is used for special purposes such as clearing the "pressed" state for click events. If
  82    /// you stop event propagation during this phase, you need to know what you're doing. Handlers
  83    /// outside of the immediate region may rely on detecting non-local events during this phase.
  84    Capture,
  85}
  86
  87impl DispatchPhase {
  88    /// Returns true if this represents the "bubble" phase.
  89    pub fn bubble(self) -> bool {
  90        self == DispatchPhase::Bubble
  91    }
  92
  93    /// Returns true if this represents the "capture" phase.
  94    pub fn capture(self) -> bool {
  95        self == DispatchPhase::Capture
  96    }
  97}
  98
  99type AnyObserver = Box<dyn FnMut(&mut WindowContext) -> bool + 'static>;
 100type AnyMouseListener = Box<dyn FnMut(&dyn Any, DispatchPhase, &mut ElementContext) + 'static>;
 101type AnyWindowFocusListener = Box<dyn FnMut(&FocusEvent, &mut WindowContext) -> bool + 'static>;
 102
 103struct FocusEvent {
 104    previous_focus_path: SmallVec<[FocusId; 8]>,
 105    current_focus_path: SmallVec<[FocusId; 8]>,
 106}
 107
 108slotmap::new_key_type! {
 109    /// A globally unique identifier for a focusable element.
 110    pub struct FocusId;
 111}
 112
 113thread_local! {
 114    pub(crate) static ELEMENT_ARENA: RefCell<Arena> = RefCell::new(Arena::new(4 * 1024 * 1024));
 115}
 116
 117impl FocusId {
 118    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle is currently focused.
 119    pub fn is_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 120        cx.window.focus == Some(*self)
 121    }
 122
 123    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle contains the focused
 124    /// element or is itself focused.
 125    pub fn contains_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 126        cx.focused()
 127            .map_or(false, |focused| self.contains(focused.id, cx))
 128    }
 129
 130    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle is contained within the
 131    /// focused element or is itself focused.
 132    pub fn within_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 133        let focused = cx.focused();
 134        focused.map_or(false, |focused| focused.id.contains(*self, cx))
 135    }
 136
 137    /// Obtains whether this handle contains the given handle in the most recently rendered frame.
 138    pub(crate) fn contains(&self, other: Self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 139        cx.window
 140            .rendered_frame
 141            .dispatch_tree
 142            .focus_contains(*self, other)
 143    }
 144}
 145
 146/// A handle which can be used to track and manipulate the focused element in a window.
 147pub struct FocusHandle {
 148    pub(crate) id: FocusId,
 149    handles: Arc<RwLock<SlotMap<FocusId, AtomicUsize>>>,
 150}
 151
 152impl std::fmt::Debug for FocusHandle {
 153    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
 154        f.write_fmt(format_args!("FocusHandle({:?})", self.id))
 155    }
 156}
 157
 158impl FocusHandle {
 159    pub(crate) fn new(handles: &Arc<RwLock<SlotMap<FocusId, AtomicUsize>>>) -> Self {
 160        let id = handles.write().insert(AtomicUsize::new(1));
 161        Self {
 162            id,
 163            handles: handles.clone(),
 164        }
 165    }
 166
 167    pub(crate) fn for_id(
 168        id: FocusId,
 169        handles: &Arc<RwLock<SlotMap<FocusId, AtomicUsize>>>,
 170    ) -> Option<Self> {
 171        let lock = handles.read();
 172        let ref_count = lock.get(id)?;
 173        if ref_count.load(SeqCst) == 0 {
 174            None
 175        } else {
 176            ref_count.fetch_add(1, SeqCst);
 177            Some(Self {
 178                id,
 179                handles: handles.clone(),
 180            })
 181        }
 182    }
 183
 184    /// Moves the focus to the element associated with this handle.
 185    pub fn focus(&self, cx: &mut WindowContext) {
 186        cx.focus(self)
 187    }
 188
 189    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle is currently focused.
 190    pub fn is_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 191        self.id.is_focused(cx)
 192    }
 193
 194    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle contains the focused
 195    /// element or is itself focused.
 196    pub fn contains_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 197        self.id.contains_focused(cx)
 198    }
 199
 200    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle is contained within the
 201    /// focused element or is itself focused.
 202    pub fn within_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 203        self.id.within_focused(cx)
 204    }
 205
 206    /// Obtains whether this handle contains the given handle in the most recently rendered frame.
 207    pub fn contains(&self, other: &Self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 208        self.id.contains(other.id, cx)
 209    }
 210}
 211
 212impl Clone for FocusHandle {
 213    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
 214        Self::for_id(self.id, &self.handles).unwrap()
 215    }
 216}
 217
 218impl PartialEq for FocusHandle {
 219    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
 220        self.id == other.id
 221    }
 222}
 223
 224impl Eq for FocusHandle {}
 225
 226impl Drop for FocusHandle {
 227    fn drop(&mut self) {
 228        self.handles
 229            .read()
 230            .get(self.id)
 231            .unwrap()
 232            .fetch_sub(1, SeqCst);
 233    }
 234}
 235
 236/// FocusableView allows users of your view to easily
 237/// focus it (using cx.focus_view(view))
 238pub trait FocusableView: 'static + Render {
 239    /// Returns the focus handle associated with this view.
 240    fn focus_handle(&self, cx: &AppContext) -> FocusHandle;
 241}
 242
 243/// ManagedView is a view (like a Modal, Popover, Menu, etc.)
 244/// where the lifecycle of the view is handled by another view.
 245pub trait ManagedView: FocusableView + EventEmitter<DismissEvent> {}
 246
 247impl<M: FocusableView + EventEmitter<DismissEvent>> ManagedView for M {}
 248
 249/// Emitted by implementers of [`ManagedView`] to indicate the view should be dismissed, such as when a view is presented as a modal.
 250pub struct DismissEvent;
 251
 252// Holds the state for a specific window.
 253#[doc(hidden)]
 254pub struct Window {
 255    pub(crate) handle: AnyWindowHandle,
 256    pub(crate) removed: bool,
 257    pub(crate) platform_window: Box<dyn PlatformWindow>,
 258    display_id: DisplayId,
 259    sprite_atlas: Arc<dyn PlatformAtlas>,
 260    pub(crate) rem_size: Pixels,
 261    pub(crate) viewport_size: Size<Pixels>,
 262    layout_engine: Option<TaffyLayoutEngine>,
 263    pub(crate) root_view: Option<AnyView>,
 264    pub(crate) element_id_stack: GlobalElementId,
 265    pub(crate) rendered_frame: Frame,
 266    pub(crate) next_frame: Frame,
 267    pub(crate) dirty_views: FxHashSet<EntityId>,
 268    pub(crate) focus_handles: Arc<RwLock<SlotMap<FocusId, AtomicUsize>>>,
 269    focus_listeners: SubscriberSet<(), AnyWindowFocusListener>,
 270    focus_lost_listeners: SubscriberSet<(), AnyObserver>,
 271    default_prevented: bool,
 272    mouse_position: Point<Pixels>,
 273    modifiers: Modifiers,
 274    scale_factor: f32,
 275    bounds: WindowBounds,
 276    bounds_observers: SubscriberSet<(), AnyObserver>,
 277    active: bool,
 278    pub(crate) dirty: bool,
 279    pub(crate) refreshing: bool,
 280    pub(crate) drawing: bool,
 281    activation_observers: SubscriberSet<(), AnyObserver>,
 282    pub(crate) focus: Option<FocusId>,
 283    focus_enabled: bool,
 284
 285    #[cfg(any(test, feature = "test-support"))]
 286    pub(crate) focus_invalidated: bool,
 287}
 288
 289struct RequestedInputHandler {
 290    view_id: EntityId,
 291    handler: Option<PlatformInputHandler>,
 292}
 293
 294struct TooltipRequest {
 295    view_id: EntityId,
 296    tooltip: AnyTooltip,
 297}
 298
 299pub(crate) struct ElementStateBox {
 300    pub(crate) inner: Box<dyn Any>,
 301    pub(crate) parent_view_id: EntityId,
 302    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
 303    pub(crate) type_name: &'static str,
 304}
 305
 306pub(crate) struct Frame {
 307    focus: Option<FocusId>,
 308    window_active: bool,
 309    pub(crate) element_states: FxHashMap<GlobalElementId, ElementStateBox>,
 310    mouse_listeners: FxHashMap<TypeId, Vec<(StackingOrder, EntityId, AnyMouseListener)>>,
 311    pub(crate) dispatch_tree: DispatchTree,
 312    pub(crate) scene: Scene,
 313    pub(crate) depth_map: Vec<(StackingOrder, EntityId, Bounds<Pixels>)>,
 314    pub(crate) z_index_stack: StackingOrder,
 315    pub(crate) next_stacking_order_id: u32,
 316    pub(crate) next_root_z_index: u8,
 317    pub(crate) content_mask_stack: Vec<ContentMask<Pixels>>,
 318    pub(crate) element_offset_stack: Vec<Point<Pixels>>,
 319    requested_input_handler: Option<RequestedInputHandler>,
 320    tooltip_request: Option<TooltipRequest>,
 321    cursor_styles: FxHashMap<EntityId, CursorStyle>,
 322    requested_cursor_style: Option<CursorStyle>,
 323    pub(crate) view_stack: Vec<EntityId>,
 324    pub(crate) reused_views: FxHashSet<EntityId>,
 325
 326    #[cfg(any(test, feature = "test-support"))]
 327    pub(crate) debug_bounds: collections::FxHashMap<String, Bounds<Pixels>>,
 328}
 329
 330impl Frame {
 331    fn new(dispatch_tree: DispatchTree) -> Self {
 332        Frame {
 333            focus: None,
 334            window_active: false,
 335            element_states: FxHashMap::default(),
 336            mouse_listeners: FxHashMap::default(),
 337            dispatch_tree,
 338            scene: Scene::default(),
 339            depth_map: Vec::new(),
 340            z_index_stack: StackingOrder::default(),
 341            next_stacking_order_id: 0,
 342            next_root_z_index: 0,
 343            content_mask_stack: Vec::new(),
 344            element_offset_stack: Vec::new(),
 345            requested_input_handler: None,
 346            tooltip_request: None,
 347            cursor_styles: FxHashMap::default(),
 348            requested_cursor_style: None,
 349            view_stack: Vec::new(),
 350            reused_views: FxHashSet::default(),
 351
 352            #[cfg(any(test, feature = "test-support"))]
 353            debug_bounds: FxHashMap::default(),
 354        }
 355    }
 356
 357    fn clear(&mut self) {
 358        self.element_states.clear();
 359        self.mouse_listeners.values_mut().for_each(Vec::clear);
 360        self.dispatch_tree.clear();
 361        self.depth_map.clear();
 362        self.next_stacking_order_id = 0;
 363        self.next_root_z_index = 0;
 364        self.reused_views.clear();
 365        self.scene.clear();
 366        self.requested_input_handler.take();
 367        self.tooltip_request.take();
 368        self.cursor_styles.clear();
 369        self.requested_cursor_style.take();
 370        debug_assert_eq!(self.view_stack.len(), 0);
 371    }
 372
 373    fn focus_path(&self) -> SmallVec<[FocusId; 8]> {
 374        self.focus
 375            .map(|focus_id| self.dispatch_tree.focus_path(focus_id))
 376            .unwrap_or_default()
 377    }
 378
 379    fn finish(&mut self, prev_frame: &mut Self) {
 380        // Reuse mouse listeners that didn't change since the last frame.
 381        for (type_id, listeners) in &mut prev_frame.mouse_listeners {
 382            let next_listeners = self.mouse_listeners.entry(*type_id).or_default();
 383            for (order, view_id, listener) in listeners.drain(..) {
 384                if self.reused_views.contains(&view_id) {
 385                    next_listeners.push((order, view_id, listener));
 386                }
 387            }
 388        }
 389
 390        // Reuse entries in the depth map that didn't change since the last frame.
 391        for (order, view_id, bounds) in prev_frame.depth_map.drain(..) {
 392            if self.reused_views.contains(&view_id) {
 393                match self
 394                    .depth_map
 395                    .binary_search_by(|(level, _, _)| order.cmp(level))
 396                {
 397                    Ok(i) | Err(i) => self.depth_map.insert(i, (order, view_id, bounds)),
 398                }
 399            }
 400        }
 401
 402        // Retain element states for views that didn't change since the last frame.
 403        for (element_id, state) in prev_frame.element_states.drain() {
 404            if self.reused_views.contains(&state.parent_view_id) {
 405                self.element_states.entry(element_id).or_insert(state);
 406            }
 407        }
 408
 409        // Reuse geometry that didn't change since the last frame.
 410        self.scene
 411            .reuse_views(&self.reused_views, &mut prev_frame.scene);
 412        self.scene.finish();
 413    }
 414}
 415
 416impl Window {
 417    pub(crate) fn new(
 418        handle: AnyWindowHandle,
 419        options: WindowOptions,
 420        cx: &mut AppContext,
 421    ) -> Self {
 422        let platform_window = cx.platform.open_window(handle, options);
 423        let display_id = platform_window.display().id();
 424        let sprite_atlas = platform_window.sprite_atlas();
 425        let mouse_position = platform_window.mouse_position();
 426        let modifiers = platform_window.modifiers();
 427        let content_size = platform_window.content_size();
 428        let scale_factor = platform_window.scale_factor();
 429        let bounds = platform_window.bounds();
 430
 431        platform_window.on_request_frame(Box::new({
 432            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 433            move || {
 434                handle.update(&mut cx, |_, cx| cx.draw()).log_err();
 435            }
 436        }));
 437        platform_window.on_resize(Box::new({
 438            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 439            move |_, _| {
 440                handle
 441                    .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| cx.window_bounds_changed())
 442                    .log_err();
 443            }
 444        }));
 445        platform_window.on_moved(Box::new({
 446            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 447            move || {
 448                handle
 449                    .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| cx.window_bounds_changed())
 450                    .log_err();
 451            }
 452        }));
 453        platform_window.on_active_status_change(Box::new({
 454            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 455            move |active| {
 456                handle
 457                    .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| {
 458                        cx.window.active = active;
 459                        cx.window
 460                            .activation_observers
 461                            .clone()
 462                            .retain(&(), |callback| callback(cx));
 463                    })
 464                    .log_err();
 465            }
 466        }));
 467
 468        platform_window.on_input({
 469            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 470            Box::new(move |event| {
 471                handle
 472                    .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| cx.dispatch_event(event))
 473                    .log_err()
 474                    .unwrap_or(false)
 475            })
 476        });
 477
 478        Window {
 479            handle,
 480            removed: false,
 481            platform_window,
 482            display_id,
 483            sprite_atlas,
 484            rem_size: px(16.),
 485            viewport_size: content_size,
 486            layout_engine: Some(TaffyLayoutEngine::new()),
 487            root_view: None,
 488            element_id_stack: GlobalElementId::default(),
 489            rendered_frame: Frame::new(DispatchTree::new(cx.keymap.clone(), cx.actions.clone())),
 490            next_frame: Frame::new(DispatchTree::new(cx.keymap.clone(), cx.actions.clone())),
 491            dirty_views: FxHashSet::default(),
 492            focus_handles: Arc::new(RwLock::new(SlotMap::with_key())),
 493            focus_listeners: SubscriberSet::new(),
 494            focus_lost_listeners: SubscriberSet::new(),
 495            default_prevented: true,
 496            mouse_position,
 497            modifiers,
 498            scale_factor,
 499            bounds,
 500            bounds_observers: SubscriberSet::new(),
 501            active: false,
 502            dirty: false,
 503            refreshing: false,
 504            drawing: false,
 505            activation_observers: SubscriberSet::new(),
 506            focus: None,
 507            focus_enabled: true,
 508
 509            #[cfg(any(test, feature = "test-support"))]
 510            focus_invalidated: false,
 511        }
 512    }
 513}
 514
 515/// Indicates which region of the window is visible. Content falling outside of this mask will not be
 516/// rendered. Currently, only rectangular content masks are supported, but we give the mask its own type
 517/// to leave room to support more complex shapes in the future.
 518#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
 519#[repr(C)]
 520pub struct ContentMask<P: Clone + Default + Debug> {
 521    /// The bounds
 522    pub bounds: Bounds<P>,
 523}
 524
 525impl ContentMask<Pixels> {
 526    /// Scale the content mask's pixel units by the given scaling factor.
 527    pub fn scale(&self, factor: f32) -> ContentMask<ScaledPixels> {
 528        ContentMask {
 529            bounds: self.bounds.scale(factor),
 530        }
 531    }
 532
 533    /// Intersect the content mask with the given content mask.
 534    pub fn intersect(&self, other: &Self) -> Self {
 535        let bounds = self.bounds.intersect(&other.bounds);
 536        ContentMask { bounds }
 537    }
 538}
 539
 540/// Provides access to application state in the context of a single window. Derefs
 541/// to an [`AppContext`], so you can also pass a [`WindowContext`] to any method that takes
 542/// an [`AppContext`] and call any [`AppContext`] methods.
 543pub struct WindowContext<'a> {
 544    pub(crate) app: &'a mut AppContext,
 545    pub(crate) window: &'a mut Window,
 546}
 547
 548impl<'a> WindowContext<'a> {
 549    pub(crate) fn new(app: &'a mut AppContext, window: &'a mut Window) -> Self {
 550        Self { app, window }
 551    }
 552
 553    /// Obtain a handle to the window that belongs to this context.
 554    pub fn window_handle(&self) -> AnyWindowHandle {
 555        self.window.handle
 556    }
 557
 558    /// Mark the window as dirty, scheduling it to be redrawn on the next frame.
 559    pub fn refresh(&mut self) {
 560        if !self.window.drawing {
 561            self.window.refreshing = true;
 562            self.window.dirty = true;
 563        }
 564    }
 565
 566    /// Close this window.
 567    pub fn remove_window(&mut self) {
 568        self.window.removed = true;
 569    }
 570
 571    /// Obtain a new [`FocusHandle`], which allows you to track and manipulate the keyboard focus
 572    /// for elements rendered within this window.
 573    pub fn focus_handle(&mut self) -> FocusHandle {
 574        FocusHandle::new(&self.window.focus_handles)
 575    }
 576
 577    /// Obtain the currently focused [`FocusHandle`]. If no elements are focused, returns `None`.
 578    pub fn focused(&self) -> Option<FocusHandle> {
 579        self.window
 580            .focus
 581            .and_then(|id| FocusHandle::for_id(id, &self.window.focus_handles))
 582    }
 583
 584    /// Move focus to the element associated with the given [`FocusHandle`].
 585    pub fn focus(&mut self, handle: &FocusHandle) {
 586        if !self.window.focus_enabled || self.window.focus == Some(handle.id) {
 587            return;
 588        }
 589
 590        self.window.focus = Some(handle.id);
 591        self.window
 592            .rendered_frame
 593            .dispatch_tree
 594            .clear_pending_keystrokes();
 595
 596        #[cfg(any(test, feature = "test-support"))]
 597        {
 598            self.window.focus_invalidated = true;
 599        }
 600
 601        self.refresh();
 602    }
 603
 604    /// Remove focus from all elements within this context's window.
 605    pub fn blur(&mut self) {
 606        if !self.window.focus_enabled {
 607            return;
 608        }
 609
 610        self.window.focus = None;
 611        self.refresh();
 612    }
 613
 614    /// Blur the window and don't allow anything in it to be focused again.
 615    pub fn disable_focus(&mut self) {
 616        self.blur();
 617        self.window.focus_enabled = false;
 618    }
 619
 620    /// Dispatch the given action on the currently focused element.
 621    pub fn dispatch_action(&mut self, action: Box<dyn Action>) {
 622        let focus_handle = self.focused();
 623
 624        self.defer(move |cx| {
 625            let node_id = focus_handle
 626                .and_then(|handle| {
 627                    cx.window
 628                        .rendered_frame
 629                        .dispatch_tree
 630                        .focusable_node_id(handle.id)
 631                })
 632                .unwrap_or_else(|| cx.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.root_node_id());
 633
 634            cx.propagate_event = true;
 635            cx.dispatch_action_on_node(node_id, action);
 636        })
 637    }
 638
 639    pub(crate) fn dispatch_keystroke_observers(
 640        &mut self,
 641        event: &dyn Any,
 642        action: Option<Box<dyn Action>>,
 643    ) {
 644        let Some(key_down_event) = event.downcast_ref::<KeyDownEvent>() else {
 645            return;
 646        };
 647
 648        self.keystroke_observers
 649            .clone()
 650            .retain(&(), move |callback| {
 651                (callback)(
 652                    &KeystrokeEvent {
 653                        keystroke: key_down_event.keystroke.clone(),
 654                        action: action.as_ref().map(|action| action.boxed_clone()),
 655                    },
 656                    self,
 657                );
 658                true
 659            });
 660    }
 661
 662    pub(crate) fn clear_pending_keystrokes(&mut self) {
 663        self.window
 664            .rendered_frame
 665            .dispatch_tree
 666            .clear_pending_keystrokes();
 667        self.window
 668            .next_frame
 669            .dispatch_tree
 670            .clear_pending_keystrokes();
 671    }
 672
 673    /// Schedules the given function to be run at the end of the current effect cycle, allowing entities
 674    /// that are currently on the stack to be returned to the app.
 675    pub fn defer(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut WindowContext) + 'static) {
 676        let handle = self.window.handle;
 677        self.app.defer(move |cx| {
 678            handle.update(cx, |_, cx| f(cx)).ok();
 679        });
 680    }
 681
 682    /// Subscribe to events emitted by a model or view.
 683    /// The entity to which you're subscribing must implement the [`EventEmitter`] trait.
 684    /// The callback will be invoked a handle to the emitting entity (either a [`View`] or [`Model`]), the event, and a window context for the current window.
 685    pub fn subscribe<Emitter, E, Evt>(
 686        &mut self,
 687        entity: &E,
 688        mut on_event: impl FnMut(E, &Evt, &mut WindowContext<'_>) + 'static,
 689    ) -> Subscription
 690    where
 691        Emitter: EventEmitter<Evt>,
 692        E: Entity<Emitter>,
 693        Evt: 'static,
 694    {
 695        let entity_id = entity.entity_id();
 696        let entity = entity.downgrade();
 697        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
 698        let (subscription, activate) = self.app.event_listeners.insert(
 699            entity_id,
 700            (
 701                TypeId::of::<Evt>(),
 702                Box::new(move |event, cx| {
 703                    window_handle
 704                        .update(cx, |_, cx| {
 705                            if let Some(handle) = E::upgrade_from(&entity) {
 706                                let event = event.downcast_ref().expect("invalid event type");
 707                                on_event(handle, event, cx);
 708                                true
 709                            } else {
 710                                false
 711                            }
 712                        })
 713                        .unwrap_or(false)
 714                }),
 715            ),
 716        );
 717        self.app.defer(move |_| activate());
 718        subscription
 719    }
 720
 721    /// Creates an [`AsyncWindowContext`], which has a static lifetime and can be held across
 722    /// await points in async code.
 723    pub fn to_async(&self) -> AsyncWindowContext {
 724        AsyncWindowContext::new(self.app.to_async(), self.window.handle)
 725    }
 726
 727    /// Schedule the given closure to be run directly after the current frame is rendered.
 728    pub fn on_next_frame(&mut self, callback: impl FnOnce(&mut WindowContext) + 'static) {
 729        let handle = self.window.handle;
 730        let display_id = self.window.display_id;
 731
 732        let mut frame_consumers = std::mem::take(&mut self.app.frame_consumers);
 733        if let Entry::Vacant(e) = frame_consumers.entry(display_id) {
 734            let (tx, mut rx) = mpsc::unbounded::<()>();
 735            self.platform.set_display_link_output_callback(
 736                display_id,
 737                Box::new(move || _ = tx.unbounded_send(())),
 738            );
 739
 740            let consumer_task = self.app.spawn(|cx| async move {
 741                while rx.next().await.is_some() {
 742                    cx.update(|cx| {
 743                        for callback in cx
 744                            .next_frame_callbacks
 745                            .get_mut(&display_id)
 746                            .unwrap()
 747                            .drain(..)
 748                            .collect::<SmallVec<[_; 32]>>()
 749                        {
 750                            callback(cx);
 751                        }
 752                    })
 753                    .ok();
 754
 755                    // Flush effects, then stop the display link if no new next_frame_callbacks have been added.
 756
 757                    cx.update(|cx| {
 758                        if cx.next_frame_callbacks.is_empty() {
 759                            cx.platform.stop_display_link(display_id);
 760                        }
 761                    })
 762                    .ok();
 763                }
 764            });
 765            e.insert(consumer_task);
 766        }
 767        debug_assert!(self.app.frame_consumers.is_empty());
 768        self.app.frame_consumers = frame_consumers;
 769
 770        if self.next_frame_callbacks.is_empty() {
 771            self.platform.start_display_link(display_id);
 772        }
 773
 774        self.next_frame_callbacks
 775            .entry(display_id)
 776            .or_default()
 777            .push(Box::new(move |cx: &mut AppContext| {
 778                cx.update_window(handle, |_root_view, cx| callback(cx)).ok();
 779            }));
 780    }
 781
 782    /// Spawn the future returned by the given closure on the application thread pool.
 783    /// The closure is provided a handle to the current window and an `AsyncWindowContext` for
 784    /// use within your future.
 785    pub fn spawn<Fut, R>(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(AsyncWindowContext) -> Fut) -> Task<R>
 786    where
 787        R: 'static,
 788        Fut: Future<Output = R> + 'static,
 789    {
 790        self.app
 791            .spawn(|app| f(AsyncWindowContext::new(app, self.window.handle)))
 792    }
 793
 794    /// Updates the global of the given type. The given closure is given simultaneous mutable
 795    /// access both to the global and the context.
 796    pub fn update_global<G, R>(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut G, &mut Self) -> R) -> R
 797    where
 798        G: 'static,
 799    {
 800        let mut global = self.app.lease_global::<G>();
 801        let result = f(&mut global, self);
 802        self.app.end_global_lease(global);
 803        result
 804    }
 805
 806    fn window_bounds_changed(&mut self) {
 807        self.window.scale_factor = self.window.platform_window.scale_factor();
 808        self.window.viewport_size = self.window.platform_window.content_size();
 809        self.window.bounds = self.window.platform_window.bounds();
 810        self.window.display_id = self.window.platform_window.display().id();
 811        self.refresh();
 812
 813        self.window
 814            .bounds_observers
 815            .clone()
 816            .retain(&(), |callback| callback(self));
 817    }
 818
 819    /// Returns the bounds of the current window in the global coordinate space, which could span across multiple displays.
 820    pub fn window_bounds(&self) -> WindowBounds {
 821        self.window.bounds
 822    }
 823
 824    /// Returns the size of the drawable area within the window.
 825    pub fn viewport_size(&self) -> Size<Pixels> {
 826        self.window.viewport_size
 827    }
 828
 829    /// Returns whether this window is focused by the operating system (receiving key events).
 830    pub fn is_window_active(&self) -> bool {
 831        self.window.active
 832    }
 833
 834    /// Toggle zoom on the window.
 835    pub fn zoom_window(&self) {
 836        self.window.platform_window.zoom();
 837    }
 838
 839    /// Updates the window's title at the platform level.
 840    pub fn set_window_title(&mut self, title: &str) {
 841        self.window.platform_window.set_title(title);
 842    }
 843
 844    /// Mark the window as dirty at the platform level.
 845    pub fn set_window_edited(&mut self, edited: bool) {
 846        self.window.platform_window.set_edited(edited);
 847    }
 848
 849    /// Determine the display on which the window is visible.
 850    pub fn display(&self) -> Option<Rc<dyn PlatformDisplay>> {
 851        self.platform
 852            .displays()
 853            .into_iter()
 854            .find(|display| display.id() == self.window.display_id)
 855    }
 856
 857    /// Show the platform character palette.
 858    pub fn show_character_palette(&self) {
 859        self.window.platform_window.show_character_palette();
 860    }
 861
 862    /// The scale factor of the display associated with the window. For example, it could
 863    /// return 2.0 for a "retina" display, indicating that each logical pixel should actually
 864    /// be rendered as two pixels on screen.
 865    pub fn scale_factor(&self) -> f32 {
 866        self.window.scale_factor
 867    }
 868
 869    /// The size of an em for the base font of the application. Adjusting this value allows the
 870    /// UI to scale, just like zooming a web page.
 871    pub fn rem_size(&self) -> Pixels {
 872        self.window.rem_size
 873    }
 874
 875    /// Sets the size of an em for the base font of the application. Adjusting this value allows the
 876    /// UI to scale, just like zooming a web page.
 877    pub fn set_rem_size(&mut self, rem_size: impl Into<Pixels>) {
 878        self.window.rem_size = rem_size.into();
 879    }
 880
 881    /// The line height associated with the current text style.
 882    pub fn line_height(&self) -> Pixels {
 883        let rem_size = self.rem_size();
 884        let text_style = self.text_style();
 885        text_style
 886            .line_height
 887            .to_pixels(text_style.font_size, rem_size)
 888    }
 889
 890    /// Call to prevent the default action of an event. Currently only used to prevent
 891    /// parent elements from becoming focused on mouse down.
 892    pub fn prevent_default(&mut self) {
 893        self.window.default_prevented = true;
 894    }
 895
 896    /// Obtain whether default has been prevented for the event currently being dispatched.
 897    pub fn default_prevented(&self) -> bool {
 898        self.window.default_prevented
 899    }
 900
 901    /// Determine whether the given action is available along the dispatch path to the currently focused element.
 902    pub fn is_action_available(&self, action: &dyn Action) -> bool {
 903        let target = self
 904            .focused()
 905            .and_then(|focused_handle| {
 906                self.window
 907                    .rendered_frame
 908                    .dispatch_tree
 909                    .focusable_node_id(focused_handle.id)
 910            })
 911            .unwrap_or_else(|| self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.root_node_id());
 912        self.window
 913            .rendered_frame
 914            .dispatch_tree
 915            .is_action_available(action, target)
 916    }
 917
 918    /// The position of the mouse relative to the window.
 919    pub fn mouse_position(&self) -> Point<Pixels> {
 920        self.window.mouse_position
 921    }
 922
 923    /// The current state of the keyboard's modifiers
 924    pub fn modifiers(&self) -> Modifiers {
 925        self.window.modifiers
 926    }
 927
 928    /// Updates the cursor style at the platform level.
 929    pub fn set_cursor_style(&mut self, style: CursorStyle) {
 930        let view_id = self.parent_view_id();
 931        self.window.next_frame.cursor_styles.insert(view_id, style);
 932        self.window.next_frame.requested_cursor_style = Some(style);
 933    }
 934
 935    /// Sets a tooltip to be rendered for the upcoming frame
 936    pub fn set_tooltip(&mut self, tooltip: AnyTooltip) {
 937        let view_id = self.parent_view_id();
 938        self.window.next_frame.tooltip_request = Some(TooltipRequest { view_id, tooltip });
 939    }
 940
 941    /// Returns true if there is no opaque layer containing the given point
 942    /// on top of the given level. Layers whose level is an extension of the
 943    /// level are not considered to be on top of the level.
 944    pub fn was_top_layer(&self, point: &Point<Pixels>, level: &StackingOrder) -> bool {
 945        for (opaque_level, _, bounds) in self.window.rendered_frame.depth_map.iter() {
 946            if level >= opaque_level {
 947                break;
 948            }
 949
 950            if bounds.contains(point) && !opaque_level.starts_with(level) {
 951                return false;
 952            }
 953        }
 954        true
 955    }
 956
 957    pub(crate) fn was_top_layer_under_active_drag(
 958        &self,
 959        point: &Point<Pixels>,
 960        level: &StackingOrder,
 961    ) -> bool {
 962        for (opaque_level, _, bounds) in self.window.rendered_frame.depth_map.iter() {
 963            if level >= opaque_level {
 964                break;
 965            }
 966            if opaque_level.starts_with(&[ACTIVE_DRAG_Z_INDEX]) {
 967                continue;
 968            }
 969
 970            if bounds.contains(point) && !opaque_level.starts_with(level) {
 971                return false;
 972            }
 973        }
 974        true
 975    }
 976
 977    /// Called during painting to get the current stacking order.
 978    pub fn stacking_order(&self) -> &StackingOrder {
 979        &self.window.next_frame.z_index_stack
 980    }
 981
 982    pub(crate) fn reuse_view(&mut self) {
 983        let view_id = self.parent_view_id();
 984        let grafted_view_ids = self
 985            .window
 986            .next_frame
 987            .dispatch_tree
 988            .reuse_view(view_id, &mut self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree);
 989        for view_id in grafted_view_ids {
 990            assert!(self.window.next_frame.reused_views.insert(view_id));
 991
 992            // Reuse the previous input handler requested during painting of the reused view.
 993            if self
 994                .window
 995                .rendered_frame
 996                .requested_input_handler
 997                .as_ref()
 998                .map_or(false, |requested| requested.view_id == view_id)
 999            {
1000                self.window.next_frame.requested_input_handler =
1001                    self.window.rendered_frame.requested_input_handler.take();
1002            }
1003
1004            // Reuse the tooltip previously requested during painting of the reused view.
1005            if self
1006                .window
1007                .rendered_frame
1008                .tooltip_request
1009                .as_ref()
1010                .map_or(false, |requested| requested.view_id == view_id)
1011            {
1012                self.window.next_frame.tooltip_request =
1013                    self.window.rendered_frame.tooltip_request.take();
1014            }
1015
1016            // Reuse the cursor styles previously requested during painting of the reused view.
1017            if let Some(style) = self.window.rendered_frame.cursor_styles.remove(&view_id) {
1018                self.window.next_frame.cursor_styles.insert(view_id, style);
1019                self.window.next_frame.requested_cursor_style = Some(style);
1020            }
1021        }
1022    }
1023
1024    /// Draw pixels to the display for this window based on the contents of its scene.
1025    pub(crate) fn draw(&mut self) {
1026        self.window.dirty = false;
1027        self.window.drawing = true;
1028
1029        #[cfg(any(test, feature = "test-support"))]
1030        {
1031            self.window.focus_invalidated = false;
1032        }
1033
1034        if let Some(requested_handler) = self.window.rendered_frame.requested_input_handler.as_mut()
1035        {
1036            let input_handler = self.window.platform_window.take_input_handler();
1037            requested_handler.handler = input_handler;
1038        }
1039
1040        let root_view = self.window.root_view.take().unwrap();
1041        self.with_element_context(|cx| {
1042            cx.with_z_index(0, |cx| {
1043                cx.with_key_dispatch(Some(KeyContext::default()), None, |_, cx| {
1044                    // We need to use cx.cx here so we can utilize borrow splitting
1045                    for (action_type, action_listeners) in &cx.cx.app.global_action_listeners {
1046                        for action_listener in action_listeners.iter().cloned() {
1047                            cx.cx.window.next_frame.dispatch_tree.on_action(
1048                                *action_type,
1049                                Rc::new(
1050                                    move |action: &dyn Any, phase, cx: &mut WindowContext<'_>| {
1051                                        action_listener(action, phase, cx)
1052                                    },
1053                                ),
1054                            )
1055                        }
1056                    }
1057
1058                    let available_space = cx.window.viewport_size.map(Into::into);
1059                    root_view.draw(Point::default(), available_space, cx);
1060                })
1061            })
1062        });
1063
1064        if let Some(active_drag) = self.app.active_drag.take() {
1065            self.with_element_context(|cx| {
1066                cx.with_z_index(ACTIVE_DRAG_Z_INDEX, |cx| {
1067                    let offset = cx.mouse_position() - active_drag.cursor_offset;
1068                    let available_space =
1069                        size(AvailableSpace::MinContent, AvailableSpace::MinContent);
1070                    active_drag.view.draw(offset, available_space, cx);
1071                })
1072            });
1073            self.active_drag = Some(active_drag);
1074        } else if let Some(tooltip_request) = self.window.next_frame.tooltip_request.take() {
1075            self.with_element_context(|cx| {
1076                cx.with_z_index(1, |cx| {
1077                    let available_space =
1078                        size(AvailableSpace::MinContent, AvailableSpace::MinContent);
1079                    tooltip_request.tooltip.view.draw(
1080                        tooltip_request.tooltip.cursor_offset,
1081                        available_space,
1082                        cx,
1083                    );
1084                })
1085            });
1086            self.window.next_frame.tooltip_request = Some(tooltip_request);
1087        }
1088        self.window.dirty_views.clear();
1089
1090        self.window
1091            .next_frame
1092            .dispatch_tree
1093            .preserve_pending_keystrokes(
1094                &mut self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree,
1095                self.window.focus,
1096            );
1097        self.window.next_frame.focus = self.window.focus;
1098        self.window.next_frame.window_active = self.window.active;
1099        self.window.root_view = Some(root_view);
1100
1101        // Set the cursor only if we're the active window.
1102        let cursor_style = self
1103            .window
1104            .next_frame
1105            .requested_cursor_style
1106            .take()
1107            .unwrap_or(CursorStyle::Arrow);
1108        if self.is_window_active() {
1109            self.platform.set_cursor_style(cursor_style);
1110        }
1111
1112        // Register requested input handler with the platform window.
1113        if let Some(requested_input) = self.window.next_frame.requested_input_handler.as_mut() {
1114            if let Some(handler) = requested_input.handler.take() {
1115                self.window.platform_window.set_input_handler(handler);
1116            }
1117        }
1118
1119        self.window.layout_engine.as_mut().unwrap().clear();
1120        self.text_system()
1121            .finish_frame(&self.window.next_frame.reused_views);
1122        self.window
1123            .next_frame
1124            .finish(&mut self.window.rendered_frame);
1125        ELEMENT_ARENA.with_borrow_mut(|element_arena| element_arena.clear());
1126
1127        let previous_focus_path = self.window.rendered_frame.focus_path();
1128        let previous_window_active = self.window.rendered_frame.window_active;
1129        mem::swap(&mut self.window.rendered_frame, &mut self.window.next_frame);
1130        self.window.next_frame.clear();
1131        let current_focus_path = self.window.rendered_frame.focus_path();
1132        let current_window_active = self.window.rendered_frame.window_active;
1133
1134        if previous_focus_path != current_focus_path
1135            || previous_window_active != current_window_active
1136        {
1137            if !previous_focus_path.is_empty() && current_focus_path.is_empty() {
1138                self.window
1139                    .focus_lost_listeners
1140                    .clone()
1141                    .retain(&(), |listener| listener(self));
1142            }
1143
1144            let event = FocusEvent {
1145                previous_focus_path: if previous_window_active {
1146                    previous_focus_path
1147                } else {
1148                    Default::default()
1149                },
1150                current_focus_path: if current_window_active {
1151                    current_focus_path
1152                } else {
1153                    Default::default()
1154                },
1155            };
1156            self.window
1157                .focus_listeners
1158                .clone()
1159                .retain(&(), |listener| listener(&event, self));
1160        }
1161
1162        self.window
1163            .platform_window
1164            .draw(&self.window.rendered_frame.scene);
1165        self.window.refreshing = false;
1166        self.window.drawing = false;
1167    }
1168
1169    /// Dispatch a mouse or keyboard event on the window.
1170    pub fn dispatch_event(&mut self, event: PlatformInput) -> bool {
1171        // Handlers may set this to false by calling `stop_propagation`.
1172        self.app.propagate_event = true;
1173        // Handlers may set this to true by calling `prevent_default`.
1174        self.window.default_prevented = false;
1175
1176        let event = match event {
1177            // Track the mouse position with our own state, since accessing the platform
1178            // API for the mouse position can only occur on the main thread.
1179            PlatformInput::MouseMove(mouse_move) => {
1180                self.window.mouse_position = mouse_move.position;
1181                self.window.modifiers = mouse_move.modifiers;
1182                PlatformInput::MouseMove(mouse_move)
1183            }
1184            PlatformInput::MouseDown(mouse_down) => {
1185                self.window.mouse_position = mouse_down.position;
1186                self.window.modifiers = mouse_down.modifiers;
1187                PlatformInput::MouseDown(mouse_down)
1188            }
1189            PlatformInput::MouseUp(mouse_up) => {
1190                self.window.mouse_position = mouse_up.position;
1191                self.window.modifiers = mouse_up.modifiers;
1192                PlatformInput::MouseUp(mouse_up)
1193            }
1194            PlatformInput::MouseExited(mouse_exited) => {
1195                self.window.modifiers = mouse_exited.modifiers;
1196                PlatformInput::MouseExited(mouse_exited)
1197            }
1198            PlatformInput::ModifiersChanged(modifiers_changed) => {
1199                self.window.modifiers = modifiers_changed.modifiers;
1200                PlatformInput::ModifiersChanged(modifiers_changed)
1201            }
1202            PlatformInput::ScrollWheel(scroll_wheel) => {
1203                self.window.mouse_position = scroll_wheel.position;
1204                self.window.modifiers = scroll_wheel.modifiers;
1205                PlatformInput::ScrollWheel(scroll_wheel)
1206            }
1207            // Translate dragging and dropping of external files from the operating system
1208            // to internal drag and drop events.
1209            PlatformInput::FileDrop(file_drop) => match file_drop {
1210                FileDropEvent::Entered { position, paths } => {
1211                    self.window.mouse_position = position;
1212                    if self.active_drag.is_none() {
1213                        self.active_drag = Some(AnyDrag {
1214                            value: Box::new(paths.clone()),
1215                            view: self.new_view(|_| paths).into(),
1216                            cursor_offset: position,
1217                        });
1218                    }
1219                    PlatformInput::MouseMove(MouseMoveEvent {
1220                        position,
1221                        pressed_button: Some(MouseButton::Left),
1222                        modifiers: Modifiers::default(),
1223                    })
1224                }
1225                FileDropEvent::Pending { position } => {
1226                    self.window.mouse_position = position;
1227                    PlatformInput::MouseMove(MouseMoveEvent {
1228                        position,
1229                        pressed_button: Some(MouseButton::Left),
1230                        modifiers: Modifiers::default(),
1231                    })
1232                }
1233                FileDropEvent::Submit { position } => {
1234                    self.activate(true);
1235                    self.window.mouse_position = position;
1236                    PlatformInput::MouseUp(MouseUpEvent {
1237                        button: MouseButton::Left,
1238                        position,
1239                        modifiers: Modifiers::default(),
1240                        click_count: 1,
1241                    })
1242                }
1243                FileDropEvent::Exited => PlatformInput::MouseUp(MouseUpEvent {
1244                    button: MouseButton::Left,
1245                    position: Point::default(),
1246                    modifiers: Modifiers::default(),
1247                    click_count: 1,
1248                }),
1249            },
1250            PlatformInput::KeyDown(_) | PlatformInput::KeyUp(_) => event,
1251        };
1252
1253        if let Some(any_mouse_event) = event.mouse_event() {
1254            self.dispatch_mouse_event(any_mouse_event);
1255        } else if let Some(any_key_event) = event.keyboard_event() {
1256            self.dispatch_key_event(any_key_event);
1257        }
1258
1259        !self.app.propagate_event
1260    }
1261
1262    fn dispatch_mouse_event(&mut self, event: &dyn Any) {
1263        if let Some(mut handlers) = self
1264            .window
1265            .rendered_frame
1266            .mouse_listeners
1267            .remove(&event.type_id())
1268        {
1269            // Because handlers may add other handlers, we sort every time.
1270            handlers.sort_by(|(a, _, _), (b, _, _)| a.cmp(b));
1271
1272            // Capture phase, events bubble from back to front. Handlers for this phase are used for
1273            // special purposes, such as detecting events outside of a given Bounds.
1274            for (_, _, handler) in &mut handlers {
1275                self.with_element_context(|cx| {
1276                    handler(event, DispatchPhase::Capture, cx);
1277                });
1278                if !self.app.propagate_event {
1279                    break;
1280                }
1281            }
1282
1283            // Bubble phase, where most normal handlers do their work.
1284            if self.app.propagate_event {
1285                for (_, _, handler) in handlers.iter_mut().rev() {
1286                    self.with_element_context(|cx| {
1287                        handler(event, DispatchPhase::Bubble, cx);
1288                    });
1289                    if !self.app.propagate_event {
1290                        break;
1291                    }
1292                }
1293            }
1294
1295            self.window
1296                .rendered_frame
1297                .mouse_listeners
1298                .insert(event.type_id(), handlers);
1299        }
1300
1301        if self.app.propagate_event && self.has_active_drag() {
1302            if event.is::<MouseMoveEvent>() {
1303                // If this was a mouse move event, redraw the window so that the
1304                // active drag can follow the mouse cursor.
1305                self.refresh();
1306            } else if event.is::<MouseUpEvent>() {
1307                // If this was a mouse up event, cancel the active drag and redraw
1308                // the window.
1309                self.active_drag = None;
1310                self.refresh();
1311            }
1312        }
1313    }
1314
1315    fn dispatch_key_event(&mut self, event: &dyn Any) {
1316        let node_id = self
1317            .window
1318            .focus
1319            .and_then(|focus_id| {
1320                self.window
1321                    .rendered_frame
1322                    .dispatch_tree
1323                    .focusable_node_id(focus_id)
1324            })
1325            .unwrap_or_else(|| self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.root_node_id());
1326
1327        let dispatch_path = self
1328            .window
1329            .rendered_frame
1330            .dispatch_tree
1331            .dispatch_path(node_id);
1332
1333        let mut actions: Vec<Box<dyn Action>> = Vec::new();
1334
1335        let mut context_stack: SmallVec<[KeyContext; 16]> = SmallVec::new();
1336        for node_id in &dispatch_path {
1337            let node = self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.node(*node_id);
1338
1339            if let Some(context) = node.context.clone() {
1340                context_stack.push(context);
1341            }
1342        }
1343
1344        for node_id in dispatch_path.iter().rev() {
1345            // Match keystrokes
1346            let node = self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.node(*node_id);
1347            if node.context.is_some() {
1348                if let Some(key_down_event) = event.downcast_ref::<KeyDownEvent>() {
1349                    let mut new_actions = self
1350                        .window
1351                        .rendered_frame
1352                        .dispatch_tree
1353                        .dispatch_key(&key_down_event.keystroke, &context_stack);
1354                    actions.append(&mut new_actions);
1355                }
1356
1357                context_stack.pop();
1358            }
1359        }
1360
1361        if !actions.is_empty() {
1362            self.clear_pending_keystrokes();
1363        }
1364
1365        self.propagate_event = true;
1366        for action in actions {
1367            self.dispatch_action_on_node(node_id, action.boxed_clone());
1368            if !self.propagate_event {
1369                self.dispatch_keystroke_observers(event, Some(action));
1370                return;
1371            }
1372        }
1373
1374        // Capture phase
1375        for node_id in &dispatch_path {
1376            let node = self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.node(*node_id);
1377
1378            for key_listener in node.key_listeners.clone() {
1379                self.with_element_context(|cx| {
1380                    key_listener(event, DispatchPhase::Capture, cx);
1381                });
1382                if !self.propagate_event {
1383                    return;
1384                }
1385            }
1386        }
1387
1388        // Bubble phase
1389        for node_id in dispatch_path.iter().rev() {
1390            // Handle low level key events
1391            let node = self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.node(*node_id);
1392            for key_listener in node.key_listeners.clone() {
1393                self.with_element_context(|cx| {
1394                    key_listener(event, DispatchPhase::Bubble, cx);
1395                });
1396                if !self.propagate_event {
1397                    return;
1398                }
1399            }
1400        }
1401
1402        self.dispatch_keystroke_observers(event, None);
1403    }
1404
1405    /// Determine whether a potential multi-stroke key binding is in progress on this window.
1406    pub fn has_pending_keystrokes(&self) -> bool {
1407        self.window
1408            .rendered_frame
1409            .dispatch_tree
1410            .has_pending_keystrokes()
1411    }
1412
1413    fn dispatch_action_on_node(&mut self, node_id: DispatchNodeId, action: Box<dyn Action>) {
1414        let dispatch_path = self
1415            .window
1416            .rendered_frame
1417            .dispatch_tree
1418            .dispatch_path(node_id);
1419
1420        // Capture phase
1421        for node_id in &dispatch_path {
1422            let node = self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.node(*node_id);
1423            for DispatchActionListener {
1424                action_type,
1425                listener,
1426            } in node.action_listeners.clone()
1427            {
1428                let any_action = action.as_any();
1429                if action_type == any_action.type_id() {
1430                    self.with_element_context(|cx| {
1431                        listener(any_action, DispatchPhase::Capture, cx);
1432                    });
1433
1434                    if !self.propagate_event {
1435                        return;
1436                    }
1437                }
1438            }
1439        }
1440        // Bubble phase
1441        for node_id in dispatch_path.iter().rev() {
1442            let node = self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.node(*node_id);
1443            for DispatchActionListener {
1444                action_type,
1445                listener,
1446            } in node.action_listeners.clone()
1447            {
1448                let any_action = action.as_any();
1449                if action_type == any_action.type_id() {
1450                    self.propagate_event = false; // Actions stop propagation by default during the bubble phase
1451
1452                    self.with_element_context(|cx| {
1453                        listener(any_action, DispatchPhase::Bubble, cx);
1454                    });
1455
1456                    if !self.propagate_event {
1457                        return;
1458                    }
1459                }
1460            }
1461        }
1462    }
1463
1464    /// Register the given handler to be invoked whenever the global of the given type
1465    /// is updated.
1466    pub fn observe_global<G: 'static>(
1467        &mut self,
1468        f: impl Fn(&mut WindowContext<'_>) + 'static,
1469    ) -> Subscription {
1470        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
1471        let (subscription, activate) = self.global_observers.insert(
1472            TypeId::of::<G>(),
1473            Box::new(move |cx| window_handle.update(cx, |_, cx| f(cx)).is_ok()),
1474        );
1475        self.app.defer(move |_| activate());
1476        subscription
1477    }
1478
1479    /// Focus the current window and bring it to the foreground at the platform level.
1480    pub fn activate_window(&self) {
1481        self.window.platform_window.activate();
1482    }
1483
1484    /// Minimize the current window at the platform level.
1485    pub fn minimize_window(&self) {
1486        self.window.platform_window.minimize();
1487    }
1488
1489    /// Toggle full screen status on the current window at the platform level.
1490    pub fn toggle_full_screen(&self) {
1491        self.window.platform_window.toggle_full_screen();
1492    }
1493
1494    /// Present a platform dialog.
1495    /// The provided message will be presented, along with buttons for each answer.
1496    /// When a button is clicked, the returned Receiver will receive the index of the clicked button.
1497    pub fn prompt(
1498        &self,
1499        level: PromptLevel,
1500        message: &str,
1501        answers: &[&str],
1502    ) -> oneshot::Receiver<usize> {
1503        self.window.platform_window.prompt(level, message, answers)
1504    }
1505
1506    /// Returns all available actions for the focused element.
1507    pub fn available_actions(&self) -> Vec<Box<dyn Action>> {
1508        let node_id = self
1509            .window
1510            .focus
1511            .and_then(|focus_id| {
1512                self.window
1513                    .rendered_frame
1514                    .dispatch_tree
1515                    .focusable_node_id(focus_id)
1516            })
1517            .unwrap_or_else(|| self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.root_node_id());
1518
1519        self.window
1520            .rendered_frame
1521            .dispatch_tree
1522            .available_actions(node_id)
1523    }
1524
1525    /// Returns key bindings that invoke the given action on the currently focused element.
1526    pub fn bindings_for_action(&self, action: &dyn Action) -> Vec<KeyBinding> {
1527        self.window
1528            .rendered_frame
1529            .dispatch_tree
1530            .bindings_for_action(
1531                action,
1532                &self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.context_stack,
1533            )
1534    }
1535
1536    /// Returns any bindings that would invoke the given action on the given focus handle if it were focused.
1537    pub fn bindings_for_action_in(
1538        &self,
1539        action: &dyn Action,
1540        focus_handle: &FocusHandle,
1541    ) -> Vec<KeyBinding> {
1542        let dispatch_tree = &self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree;
1543
1544        let Some(node_id) = dispatch_tree.focusable_node_id(focus_handle.id) else {
1545            return vec![];
1546        };
1547        let context_stack = dispatch_tree
1548            .dispatch_path(node_id)
1549            .into_iter()
1550            .filter_map(|node_id| dispatch_tree.node(node_id).context.clone())
1551            .collect();
1552        dispatch_tree.bindings_for_action(action, &context_stack)
1553    }
1554
1555    /// Returns a generic event listener that invokes the given listener with the view and context associated with the given view handle.
1556    pub fn listener_for<V: Render, E>(
1557        &self,
1558        view: &View<V>,
1559        f: impl Fn(&mut V, &E, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
1560    ) -> impl Fn(&E, &mut WindowContext) + 'static {
1561        let view = view.downgrade();
1562        move |e: &E, cx: &mut WindowContext| {
1563            view.update(cx, |view, cx| f(view, e, cx)).ok();
1564        }
1565    }
1566
1567    /// Returns a generic handler that invokes the given handler with the view and context associated with the given view handle.
1568    pub fn handler_for<V: Render>(
1569        &self,
1570        view: &View<V>,
1571        f: impl Fn(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
1572    ) -> impl Fn(&mut WindowContext) {
1573        let view = view.downgrade();
1574        move |cx: &mut WindowContext| {
1575            view.update(cx, |view, cx| f(view, cx)).ok();
1576        }
1577    }
1578
1579    /// Register a callback that can interrupt the closing of the current window based the returned boolean.
1580    /// If the callback returns false, the window won't be closed.
1581    pub fn on_window_should_close(&mut self, f: impl Fn(&mut WindowContext) -> bool + 'static) {
1582        let mut this = self.to_async();
1583        self.window
1584            .platform_window
1585            .on_should_close(Box::new(move || {
1586                this.update(|cx| {
1587                    // Ensure that the window is removed from the app if it's been closed
1588                    // by always pre-empting the system close event.
1589                    if f(cx) {
1590                        cx.remove_window();
1591                    }
1592                    false
1593                })
1594                .unwrap_or(true)
1595            }))
1596    }
1597
1598    pub(crate) fn parent_view_id(&self) -> EntityId {
1599        *self
1600            .window
1601            .next_frame
1602            .view_stack
1603            .last()
1604            .expect("a view should always be on the stack while drawing")
1605    }
1606
1607    /// Register an action listener on the window for the next frame. The type of action
1608    /// is determined by the first parameter of the given listener. When the next frame is rendered
1609    /// the listener will be cleared.
1610    ///
1611    /// This is a fairly low-level method, so prefer using action handlers on elements unless you have
1612    /// a specific need to register a global listener.
1613    pub fn on_action(
1614        &mut self,
1615        action_type: TypeId,
1616        listener: impl Fn(&dyn Any, DispatchPhase, &mut WindowContext) + 'static,
1617    ) {
1618        self.window
1619            .next_frame
1620            .dispatch_tree
1621            .on_action(action_type, Rc::new(listener));
1622    }
1623}
1624
1625impl Context for WindowContext<'_> {
1626    type Result<T> = T;
1627
1628    fn new_model<T>(&mut self, build_model: impl FnOnce(&mut ModelContext<'_, T>) -> T) -> Model<T>
1629    where
1630        T: 'static,
1631    {
1632        let slot = self.app.entities.reserve();
1633        let model = build_model(&mut ModelContext::new(&mut *self.app, slot.downgrade()));
1634        self.entities.insert(slot, model)
1635    }
1636
1637    fn update_model<T: 'static, R>(
1638        &mut self,
1639        model: &Model<T>,
1640        update: impl FnOnce(&mut T, &mut ModelContext<'_, T>) -> R,
1641    ) -> R {
1642        let mut entity = self.entities.lease(model);
1643        let result = update(
1644            &mut *entity,
1645            &mut ModelContext::new(&mut *self.app, model.downgrade()),
1646        );
1647        self.entities.end_lease(entity);
1648        result
1649    }
1650
1651    fn update_window<T, F>(&mut self, window: AnyWindowHandle, update: F) -> Result<T>
1652    where
1653        F: FnOnce(AnyView, &mut WindowContext<'_>) -> T,
1654    {
1655        if window == self.window.handle {
1656            let root_view = self.window.root_view.clone().unwrap();
1657            Ok(update(root_view, self))
1658        } else {
1659            window.update(self.app, update)
1660        }
1661    }
1662
1663    fn read_model<T, R>(
1664        &self,
1665        handle: &Model<T>,
1666        read: impl FnOnce(&T, &AppContext) -> R,
1667    ) -> Self::Result<R>
1668    where
1669        T: 'static,
1670    {
1671        let entity = self.entities.read(handle);
1672        read(entity, &*self.app)
1673    }
1674
1675    fn read_window<T, R>(
1676        &self,
1677        window: &WindowHandle<T>,
1678        read: impl FnOnce(View<T>, &AppContext) -> R,
1679    ) -> Result<R>
1680    where
1681        T: 'static,
1682    {
1683        if window.any_handle == self.window.handle {
1684            let root_view = self
1685                .window
1686                .root_view
1687                .clone()
1688                .unwrap()
1689                .downcast::<T>()
1690                .map_err(|_| anyhow!("the type of the window's root view has changed"))?;
1691            Ok(read(root_view, self))
1692        } else {
1693            self.app.read_window(window, read)
1694        }
1695    }
1696}
1697
1698impl VisualContext for WindowContext<'_> {
1699    fn new_view<V>(
1700        &mut self,
1701        build_view_state: impl FnOnce(&mut ViewContext<'_, V>) -> V,
1702    ) -> Self::Result<View<V>>
1703    where
1704        V: 'static + Render,
1705    {
1706        let slot = self.app.entities.reserve();
1707        let view = View {
1708            model: slot.clone(),
1709        };
1710        let mut cx = ViewContext::new(&mut *self.app, &mut *self.window, &view);
1711        let entity = build_view_state(&mut cx);
1712        cx.entities.insert(slot, entity);
1713
1714        cx.new_view_observers
1715            .clone()
1716            .retain(&TypeId::of::<V>(), |observer| {
1717                let any_view = AnyView::from(view.clone());
1718                (observer)(any_view, self);
1719                true
1720            });
1721
1722        view
1723    }
1724
1725    /// Updates the given view. Prefer calling [`View::update`] instead, which calls this method.
1726    fn update_view<T: 'static, R>(
1727        &mut self,
1728        view: &View<T>,
1729        update: impl FnOnce(&mut T, &mut ViewContext<'_, T>) -> R,
1730    ) -> Self::Result<R> {
1731        let mut lease = self.app.entities.lease(&view.model);
1732        let mut cx = ViewContext::new(&mut *self.app, &mut *self.window, view);
1733        let result = update(&mut *lease, &mut cx);
1734        cx.app.entities.end_lease(lease);
1735        result
1736    }
1737
1738    fn replace_root_view<V>(
1739        &mut self,
1740        build_view: impl FnOnce(&mut ViewContext<'_, V>) -> V,
1741    ) -> Self::Result<View<V>>
1742    where
1743        V: 'static + Render,
1744    {
1745        let view = self.new_view(build_view);
1746        self.window.root_view = Some(view.clone().into());
1747        self.refresh();
1748        view
1749    }
1750
1751    fn focus_view<V: crate::FocusableView>(&mut self, view: &View<V>) -> Self::Result<()> {
1752        self.update_view(view, |view, cx| {
1753            view.focus_handle(cx).clone().focus(cx);
1754        })
1755    }
1756
1757    fn dismiss_view<V>(&mut self, view: &View<V>) -> Self::Result<()>
1758    where
1759        V: ManagedView,
1760    {
1761        self.update_view(view, |_, cx| cx.emit(DismissEvent))
1762    }
1763}
1764
1765impl<'a> std::ops::Deref for WindowContext<'a> {
1766    type Target = AppContext;
1767
1768    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
1769        self.app
1770    }
1771}
1772
1773impl<'a> std::ops::DerefMut for WindowContext<'a> {
1774    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
1775        self.app
1776    }
1777}
1778
1779impl<'a> Borrow<AppContext> for WindowContext<'a> {
1780    fn borrow(&self) -> &AppContext {
1781        self.app
1782    }
1783}
1784
1785impl<'a> BorrowMut<AppContext> for WindowContext<'a> {
1786    fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut AppContext {
1787        self.app
1788    }
1789}
1790
1791/// This trait contains functionality that is shared across [`ViewContext`] and [`WindowContext`]
1792pub trait BorrowWindow: BorrowMut<Window> + BorrowMut<AppContext> {
1793    #[doc(hidden)]
1794    fn app_mut(&mut self) -> &mut AppContext {
1795        self.borrow_mut()
1796    }
1797
1798    #[doc(hidden)]
1799    fn app(&self) -> &AppContext {
1800        self.borrow()
1801    }
1802
1803    #[doc(hidden)]
1804    fn window(&self) -> &Window {
1805        self.borrow()
1806    }
1807
1808    #[doc(hidden)]
1809    fn window_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Window {
1810        self.borrow_mut()
1811    }
1812}
1813
1814impl Borrow<Window> for WindowContext<'_> {
1815    fn borrow(&self) -> &Window {
1816        self.window
1817    }
1818}
1819
1820impl BorrowMut<Window> for WindowContext<'_> {
1821    fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Window {
1822        self.window
1823    }
1824}
1825
1826impl<T> BorrowWindow for T where T: BorrowMut<AppContext> + BorrowMut<Window> {}
1827
1828/// Provides access to application state that is specialized for a particular [`View`].
1829/// Allows you to interact with focus, emit events, etc.
1830/// ViewContext also derefs to [`WindowContext`], giving you access to all of its methods as well.
1831/// When you call [`View::update`], you're passed a `&mut V` and an `&mut ViewContext<V>`.
1832pub struct ViewContext<'a, V> {
1833    window_cx: WindowContext<'a>,
1834    view: &'a View<V>,
1835}
1836
1837impl<V> Borrow<AppContext> for ViewContext<'_, V> {
1838    fn borrow(&self) -> &AppContext {
1839        &*self.window_cx.app
1840    }
1841}
1842
1843impl<V> BorrowMut<AppContext> for ViewContext<'_, V> {
1844    fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut AppContext {
1845        &mut *self.window_cx.app
1846    }
1847}
1848
1849impl<V> Borrow<Window> for ViewContext<'_, V> {
1850    fn borrow(&self) -> &Window {
1851        &*self.window_cx.window
1852    }
1853}
1854
1855impl<V> BorrowMut<Window> for ViewContext<'_, V> {
1856    fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Window {
1857        &mut *self.window_cx.window
1858    }
1859}
1860
1861impl<'a, V: 'static> ViewContext<'a, V> {
1862    pub(crate) fn new(app: &'a mut AppContext, window: &'a mut Window, view: &'a View<V>) -> Self {
1863        Self {
1864            window_cx: WindowContext::new(app, window),
1865            view,
1866        }
1867    }
1868
1869    /// Get the entity_id of this view.
1870    pub fn entity_id(&self) -> EntityId {
1871        self.view.entity_id()
1872    }
1873
1874    /// Get the view pointer underlying this context.
1875    pub fn view(&self) -> &View<V> {
1876        self.view
1877    }
1878
1879    /// Get the model underlying this view.
1880    pub fn model(&self) -> &Model<V> {
1881        &self.view.model
1882    }
1883
1884    /// Access the underlying window context.
1885    pub fn window_context(&mut self) -> &mut WindowContext<'a> {
1886        &mut self.window_cx
1887    }
1888
1889    /// Sets a given callback to be run on the next frame.
1890    pub fn on_next_frame(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static)
1891    where
1892        V: 'static,
1893    {
1894        let view = self.view().clone();
1895        self.window_cx.on_next_frame(move |cx| view.update(cx, f));
1896    }
1897
1898    /// Schedules the given function to be run at the end of the current effect cycle, allowing entities
1899    /// that are currently on the stack to be returned to the app.
1900    pub fn defer(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static) {
1901        let view = self.view().downgrade();
1902        self.window_cx.defer(move |cx| {
1903            view.update(cx, f).ok();
1904        });
1905    }
1906
1907    /// Observe another model or view for changes to its state, as tracked by [`ModelContext::notify`].
1908    pub fn observe<V2, E>(
1909        &mut self,
1910        entity: &E,
1911        mut on_notify: impl FnMut(&mut V, E, &mut ViewContext<'_, V>) + 'static,
1912    ) -> Subscription
1913    where
1914        V2: 'static,
1915        V: 'static,
1916        E: Entity<V2>,
1917    {
1918        let view = self.view().downgrade();
1919        let entity_id = entity.entity_id();
1920        let entity = entity.downgrade();
1921        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
1922        let (subscription, activate) = self.app.observers.insert(
1923            entity_id,
1924            Box::new(move |cx| {
1925                window_handle
1926                    .update(cx, |_, cx| {
1927                        if let Some(handle) = E::upgrade_from(&entity) {
1928                            view.update(cx, |this, cx| on_notify(this, handle, cx))
1929                                .is_ok()
1930                        } else {
1931                            false
1932                        }
1933                    })
1934                    .unwrap_or(false)
1935            }),
1936        );
1937        self.app.defer(move |_| activate());
1938        subscription
1939    }
1940
1941    /// Subscribe to events emitted by another model or view.
1942    /// The entity to which you're subscribing must implement the [`EventEmitter`] trait.
1943    /// The callback will be invoked with a reference to the current view, a handle to the emitting entity (either a [`View`] or [`Model`]), the event, and a view context for the current view.
1944    pub fn subscribe<V2, E, Evt>(
1945        &mut self,
1946        entity: &E,
1947        mut on_event: impl FnMut(&mut V, E, &Evt, &mut ViewContext<'_, V>) + 'static,
1948    ) -> Subscription
1949    where
1950        V2: EventEmitter<Evt>,
1951        E: Entity<V2>,
1952        Evt: 'static,
1953    {
1954        let view = self.view().downgrade();
1955        let entity_id = entity.entity_id();
1956        let handle = entity.downgrade();
1957        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
1958        let (subscription, activate) = self.app.event_listeners.insert(
1959            entity_id,
1960            (
1961                TypeId::of::<Evt>(),
1962                Box::new(move |event, cx| {
1963                    window_handle
1964                        .update(cx, |_, cx| {
1965                            if let Some(handle) = E::upgrade_from(&handle) {
1966                                let event = event.downcast_ref().expect("invalid event type");
1967                                view.update(cx, |this, cx| on_event(this, handle, event, cx))
1968                                    .is_ok()
1969                            } else {
1970                                false
1971                            }
1972                        })
1973                        .unwrap_or(false)
1974                }),
1975            ),
1976        );
1977        self.app.defer(move |_| activate());
1978        subscription
1979    }
1980
1981    /// Register a callback to be invoked when the view is released.
1982    ///
1983    /// The callback receives a handle to the view's window. This handle may be
1984    /// invalid, if the window was closed before the view was released.
1985    pub fn on_release(
1986        &mut self,
1987        on_release: impl FnOnce(&mut V, AnyWindowHandle, &mut AppContext) + 'static,
1988    ) -> Subscription {
1989        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
1990        let (subscription, activate) = self.app.release_listeners.insert(
1991            self.view.model.entity_id,
1992            Box::new(move |this, cx| {
1993                let this = this.downcast_mut().expect("invalid entity type");
1994                on_release(this, window_handle, cx)
1995            }),
1996        );
1997        activate();
1998        subscription
1999    }
2000
2001    /// Register a callback to be invoked when the given Model or View is released.
2002    pub fn observe_release<V2, E>(
2003        &mut self,
2004        entity: &E,
2005        mut on_release: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut V2, &mut ViewContext<'_, V>) + 'static,
2006    ) -> Subscription
2007    where
2008        V: 'static,
2009        V2: 'static,
2010        E: Entity<V2>,
2011    {
2012        let view = self.view().downgrade();
2013        let entity_id = entity.entity_id();
2014        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
2015        let (subscription, activate) = self.app.release_listeners.insert(
2016            entity_id,
2017            Box::new(move |entity, cx| {
2018                let entity = entity.downcast_mut().expect("invalid entity type");
2019                let _ = window_handle.update(cx, |_, cx| {
2020                    view.update(cx, |this, cx| on_release(this, entity, cx))
2021                });
2022            }),
2023        );
2024        activate();
2025        subscription
2026    }
2027
2028    /// Indicate that this view has changed, which will invoke any observers and also mark the window as dirty.
2029    /// If this view or any of its ancestors are *cached*, notifying it will cause it or its ancestors to be redrawn.
2030    pub fn notify(&mut self) {
2031        for view_id in self
2032            .window
2033            .rendered_frame
2034            .dispatch_tree
2035            .view_path(self.view.entity_id())
2036            .into_iter()
2037            .rev()
2038        {
2039            if !self.window.dirty_views.insert(view_id) {
2040                break;
2041            }
2042        }
2043
2044        if !self.window.drawing {
2045            self.window_cx.window.dirty = true;
2046            self.window_cx.app.push_effect(Effect::Notify {
2047                emitter: self.view.model.entity_id,
2048            });
2049        }
2050    }
2051
2052    /// Register a callback to be invoked when the window is resized.
2053    pub fn observe_window_bounds(
2054        &mut self,
2055        mut callback: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2056    ) -> Subscription {
2057        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2058        let (subscription, activate) = self.window.bounds_observers.insert(
2059            (),
2060            Box::new(move |cx| view.update(cx, |view, cx| callback(view, cx)).is_ok()),
2061        );
2062        activate();
2063        subscription
2064    }
2065
2066    /// Register a callback to be invoked when the window is activated or deactivated.
2067    pub fn observe_window_activation(
2068        &mut self,
2069        mut callback: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2070    ) -> Subscription {
2071        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2072        let (subscription, activate) = self.window.activation_observers.insert(
2073            (),
2074            Box::new(move |cx| view.update(cx, |view, cx| callback(view, cx)).is_ok()),
2075        );
2076        activate();
2077        subscription
2078    }
2079
2080    /// Register a listener to be called when the given focus handle receives focus.
2081    /// Returns a subscription and persists until the subscription is dropped.
2082    pub fn on_focus(
2083        &mut self,
2084        handle: &FocusHandle,
2085        mut listener: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2086    ) -> Subscription {
2087        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2088        let focus_id = handle.id;
2089        let (subscription, activate) = self.window.focus_listeners.insert(
2090            (),
2091            Box::new(move |event, cx| {
2092                view.update(cx, |view, cx| {
2093                    if event.previous_focus_path.last() != Some(&focus_id)
2094                        && event.current_focus_path.last() == Some(&focus_id)
2095                    {
2096                        listener(view, cx)
2097                    }
2098                })
2099                .is_ok()
2100            }),
2101        );
2102        self.app.defer(move |_| activate());
2103        subscription
2104    }
2105
2106    /// Register a listener to be called when the given focus handle or one of its descendants receives focus.
2107    /// Returns a subscription and persists until the subscription is dropped.
2108    pub fn on_focus_in(
2109        &mut self,
2110        handle: &FocusHandle,
2111        mut listener: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2112    ) -> Subscription {
2113        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2114        let focus_id = handle.id;
2115        let (subscription, activate) = self.window.focus_listeners.insert(
2116            (),
2117            Box::new(move |event, cx| {
2118                view.update(cx, |view, cx| {
2119                    if !event.previous_focus_path.contains(&focus_id)
2120                        && event.current_focus_path.contains(&focus_id)
2121                    {
2122                        listener(view, cx)
2123                    }
2124                })
2125                .is_ok()
2126            }),
2127        );
2128        self.app.defer(move |_| activate());
2129        subscription
2130    }
2131
2132    /// Register a listener to be called when the given focus handle loses focus.
2133    /// Returns a subscription and persists until the subscription is dropped.
2134    pub fn on_blur(
2135        &mut self,
2136        handle: &FocusHandle,
2137        mut listener: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2138    ) -> Subscription {
2139        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2140        let focus_id = handle.id;
2141        let (subscription, activate) = self.window.focus_listeners.insert(
2142            (),
2143            Box::new(move |event, cx| {
2144                view.update(cx, |view, cx| {
2145                    if event.previous_focus_path.last() == Some(&focus_id)
2146                        && event.current_focus_path.last() != Some(&focus_id)
2147                    {
2148                        listener(view, cx)
2149                    }
2150                })
2151                .is_ok()
2152            }),
2153        );
2154        self.app.defer(move |_| activate());
2155        subscription
2156    }
2157
2158    /// Register a listener to be called when nothing in the window has focus.
2159    /// This typically happens when the node that was focused is removed from the tree,
2160    /// and this callback lets you chose a default place to restore the users focus.
2161    /// Returns a subscription and persists until the subscription is dropped.
2162    pub fn on_focus_lost(
2163        &mut self,
2164        mut listener: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2165    ) -> Subscription {
2166        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2167        let (subscription, activate) = self.window.focus_lost_listeners.insert(
2168            (),
2169            Box::new(move |cx| view.update(cx, |view, cx| listener(view, cx)).is_ok()),
2170        );
2171        activate();
2172        subscription
2173    }
2174
2175    /// Register a listener to be called when the given focus handle or one of its descendants loses focus.
2176    /// Returns a subscription and persists until the subscription is dropped.
2177    pub fn on_focus_out(
2178        &mut self,
2179        handle: &FocusHandle,
2180        mut listener: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2181    ) -> Subscription {
2182        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2183        let focus_id = handle.id;
2184        let (subscription, activate) = self.window.focus_listeners.insert(
2185            (),
2186            Box::new(move |event, cx| {
2187                view.update(cx, |view, cx| {
2188                    if event.previous_focus_path.contains(&focus_id)
2189                        && !event.current_focus_path.contains(&focus_id)
2190                    {
2191                        listener(view, cx)
2192                    }
2193                })
2194                .is_ok()
2195            }),
2196        );
2197        self.app.defer(move |_| activate());
2198        subscription
2199    }
2200
2201    /// Schedule a future to be run asynchronously.
2202    /// The given callback is invoked with a [`WeakView<V>`] to avoid leaking the view for a long-running process.
2203    /// It's also given an [`AsyncWindowContext`], which can be used to access the state of the view across await points.
2204    /// The returned future will be polled on the main thread.
2205    pub fn spawn<Fut, R>(
2206        &mut self,
2207        f: impl FnOnce(WeakView<V>, AsyncWindowContext) -> Fut,
2208    ) -> Task<R>
2209    where
2210        R: 'static,
2211        Fut: Future<Output = R> + 'static,
2212    {
2213        let view = self.view().downgrade();
2214        self.window_cx.spawn(|cx| f(view, cx))
2215    }
2216
2217    /// Updates the global state of the given type.
2218    pub fn update_global<G, R>(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut G, &mut Self) -> R) -> R
2219    where
2220        G: 'static,
2221    {
2222        let mut global = self.app.lease_global::<G>();
2223        let result = f(&mut global, self);
2224        self.app.end_global_lease(global);
2225        result
2226    }
2227
2228    /// Register a callback to be invoked when the given global state changes.
2229    pub fn observe_global<G: 'static>(
2230        &mut self,
2231        mut f: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<'_, V>) + 'static,
2232    ) -> Subscription {
2233        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
2234        let view = self.view().downgrade();
2235        let (subscription, activate) = self.global_observers.insert(
2236            TypeId::of::<G>(),
2237            Box::new(move |cx| {
2238                window_handle
2239                    .update(cx, |_, cx| view.update(cx, |view, cx| f(view, cx)).is_ok())
2240                    .unwrap_or(false)
2241            }),
2242        );
2243        self.app.defer(move |_| activate());
2244        subscription
2245    }
2246
2247    /// Register a callback to be invoked when the given Action type is dispatched to the window.
2248    pub fn on_action(
2249        &mut self,
2250        action_type: TypeId,
2251        listener: impl Fn(&mut V, &dyn Any, DispatchPhase, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2252    ) {
2253        let handle = self.view().clone();
2254        self.window_cx
2255            .on_action(action_type, move |action, phase, cx| {
2256                handle.update(cx, |view, cx| {
2257                    listener(view, action, phase, cx);
2258                })
2259            });
2260    }
2261
2262    /// Emit an event to be handled any other views that have subscribed via [ViewContext::subscribe].
2263    pub fn emit<Evt>(&mut self, event: Evt)
2264    where
2265        Evt: 'static,
2266        V: EventEmitter<Evt>,
2267    {
2268        let emitter = self.view.model.entity_id;
2269        self.app.push_effect(Effect::Emit {
2270            emitter,
2271            event_type: TypeId::of::<Evt>(),
2272            event: Box::new(event),
2273        });
2274    }
2275
2276    /// Move focus to the current view, assuming it implements [`FocusableView`].
2277    pub fn focus_self(&mut self)
2278    where
2279        V: FocusableView,
2280    {
2281        self.defer(|view, cx| view.focus_handle(cx).focus(cx))
2282    }
2283
2284    /// Convenience method for accessing view state in an event callback.
2285    ///
2286    /// Many GPUI callbacks take the form of `Fn(&E, &mut WindowContext)`,
2287    /// but it's often useful to be able to access view state in these
2288    /// callbacks. This method provides a convenient way to do so.
2289    pub fn listener<E>(
2290        &self,
2291        f: impl Fn(&mut V, &E, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2292    ) -> impl Fn(&E, &mut WindowContext) + 'static {
2293        let view = self.view().downgrade();
2294        move |e: &E, cx: &mut WindowContext| {
2295            view.update(cx, |view, cx| f(view, e, cx)).ok();
2296        }
2297    }
2298}
2299
2300impl<V> Context for ViewContext<'_, V> {
2301    type Result<U> = U;
2302
2303    fn new_model<T: 'static>(
2304        &mut self,
2305        build_model: impl FnOnce(&mut ModelContext<'_, T>) -> T,
2306    ) -> Model<T> {
2307        self.window_cx.new_model(build_model)
2308    }
2309
2310    fn update_model<T: 'static, R>(
2311        &mut self,
2312        model: &Model<T>,
2313        update: impl FnOnce(&mut T, &mut ModelContext<'_, T>) -> R,
2314    ) -> R {
2315        self.window_cx.update_model(model, update)
2316    }
2317
2318    fn update_window<T, F>(&mut self, window: AnyWindowHandle, update: F) -> Result<T>
2319    where
2320        F: FnOnce(AnyView, &mut WindowContext<'_>) -> T,
2321    {
2322        self.window_cx.update_window(window, update)
2323    }
2324
2325    fn read_model<T, R>(
2326        &self,
2327        handle: &Model<T>,
2328        read: impl FnOnce(&T, &AppContext) -> R,
2329    ) -> Self::Result<R>
2330    where
2331        T: 'static,
2332    {
2333        self.window_cx.read_model(handle, read)
2334    }
2335
2336    fn read_window<T, R>(
2337        &self,
2338        window: &WindowHandle<T>,
2339        read: impl FnOnce(View<T>, &AppContext) -> R,
2340    ) -> Result<R>
2341    where
2342        T: 'static,
2343    {
2344        self.window_cx.read_window(window, read)
2345    }
2346}
2347
2348impl<V: 'static> VisualContext for ViewContext<'_, V> {
2349    fn new_view<W: Render + 'static>(
2350        &mut self,
2351        build_view_state: impl FnOnce(&mut ViewContext<'_, W>) -> W,
2352    ) -> Self::Result<View<W>> {
2353        self.window_cx.new_view(build_view_state)
2354    }
2355
2356    fn update_view<V2: 'static, R>(
2357        &mut self,
2358        view: &View<V2>,
2359        update: impl FnOnce(&mut V2, &mut ViewContext<'_, V2>) -> R,
2360    ) -> Self::Result<R> {
2361        self.window_cx.update_view(view, update)
2362    }
2363
2364    fn replace_root_view<W>(
2365        &mut self,
2366        build_view: impl FnOnce(&mut ViewContext<'_, W>) -> W,
2367    ) -> Self::Result<View<W>>
2368    where
2369        W: 'static + Render,
2370    {
2371        self.window_cx.replace_root_view(build_view)
2372    }
2373
2374    fn focus_view<W: FocusableView>(&mut self, view: &View<W>) -> Self::Result<()> {
2375        self.window_cx.focus_view(view)
2376    }
2377
2378    fn dismiss_view<W: ManagedView>(&mut self, view: &View<W>) -> Self::Result<()> {
2379        self.window_cx.dismiss_view(view)
2380    }
2381}
2382
2383impl<'a, V> std::ops::Deref for ViewContext<'a, V> {
2384    type Target = WindowContext<'a>;
2385
2386    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
2387        &self.window_cx
2388    }
2389}
2390
2391impl<'a, V> std::ops::DerefMut for ViewContext<'a, V> {
2392    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
2393        &mut self.window_cx
2394    }
2395}
2396
2397// #[derive(Clone, Copy, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
2398slotmap::new_key_type! {
2399    /// A unique identifier for a window.
2400    pub struct WindowId;
2401}
2402
2403impl WindowId {
2404    /// Converts this window ID to a `u64`.
2405    pub fn as_u64(&self) -> u64 {
2406        self.0.as_ffi()
2407    }
2408}
2409
2410/// A handle to a window with a specific root view type.
2411/// Note that this does not keep the window alive on its own.
2412#[derive(Deref, DerefMut)]
2413pub struct WindowHandle<V> {
2414    #[deref]
2415    #[deref_mut]
2416    pub(crate) any_handle: AnyWindowHandle,
2417    state_type: PhantomData<V>,
2418}
2419
2420impl<V: 'static + Render> WindowHandle<V> {
2421    /// Creates a new handle from a window ID.
2422    /// This does not check if the root type of the window is `V`.
2423    pub fn new(id: WindowId) -> Self {
2424        WindowHandle {
2425            any_handle: AnyWindowHandle {
2426                id,
2427                state_type: TypeId::of::<V>(),
2428            },
2429            state_type: PhantomData,
2430        }
2431    }
2432
2433    /// Get the root view out of this window.
2434    ///
2435    /// This will fail if the window is closed or if the root view's type does not match `V`.
2436    pub fn root<C>(&self, cx: &mut C) -> Result<View<V>>
2437    where
2438        C: Context,
2439    {
2440        Flatten::flatten(cx.update_window(self.any_handle, |root_view, _| {
2441            root_view
2442                .downcast::<V>()
2443                .map_err(|_| anyhow!("the type of the window's root view has changed"))
2444        }))
2445    }
2446
2447    /// Updates the root view of this window.
2448    ///
2449    /// This will fail if the window has been closed or if the root view's type does not match
2450    pub fn update<C, R>(
2451        &self,
2452        cx: &mut C,
2453        update: impl FnOnce(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<'_, V>) -> R,
2454    ) -> Result<R>
2455    where
2456        C: Context,
2457    {
2458        cx.update_window(self.any_handle, |root_view, cx| {
2459            let view = root_view
2460                .downcast::<V>()
2461                .map_err(|_| anyhow!("the type of the window's root view has changed"))?;
2462            Ok(cx.update_view(&view, update))
2463        })?
2464    }
2465
2466    /// Read the root view out of this window.
2467    ///
2468    /// This will fail if the window is closed or if the root view's type does not match `V`.
2469    pub fn read<'a>(&self, cx: &'a AppContext) -> Result<&'a V> {
2470        let x = cx
2471            .windows
2472            .get(self.id)
2473            .and_then(|window| {
2474                window
2475                    .as_ref()
2476                    .and_then(|window| window.root_view.clone())
2477                    .map(|root_view| root_view.downcast::<V>())
2478            })
2479            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("window not found"))?
2480            .map_err(|_| anyhow!("the type of the window's root view has changed"))?;
2481
2482        Ok(x.read(cx))
2483    }
2484
2485    /// Read the root view out of this window, with a callback
2486    ///
2487    /// This will fail if the window is closed or if the root view's type does not match `V`.
2488    pub fn read_with<C, R>(&self, cx: &C, read_with: impl FnOnce(&V, &AppContext) -> R) -> Result<R>
2489    where
2490        C: Context,
2491    {
2492        cx.read_window(self, |root_view, cx| read_with(root_view.read(cx), cx))
2493    }
2494
2495    /// Read the root view pointer off of this window.
2496    ///
2497    /// This will fail if the window is closed or if the root view's type does not match `V`.
2498    pub fn root_view<C>(&self, cx: &C) -> Result<View<V>>
2499    where
2500        C: Context,
2501    {
2502        cx.read_window(self, |root_view, _cx| root_view.clone())
2503    }
2504
2505    /// Check if this window is 'active'.
2506    ///
2507    /// Will return `None` if the window is closed.
2508    pub fn is_active(&self, cx: &AppContext) -> Option<bool> {
2509        cx.windows
2510            .get(self.id)
2511            .and_then(|window| window.as_ref().map(|window| window.active))
2512    }
2513}
2514
2515impl<V> Copy for WindowHandle<V> {}
2516
2517impl<V> Clone for WindowHandle<V> {
2518    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
2519        *self
2520    }
2521}
2522
2523impl<V> PartialEq for WindowHandle<V> {
2524    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
2525        self.any_handle == other.any_handle
2526    }
2527}
2528
2529impl<V> Eq for WindowHandle<V> {}
2530
2531impl<V> Hash for WindowHandle<V> {
2532    fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
2533        self.any_handle.hash(state);
2534    }
2535}
2536
2537impl<V: 'static> From<WindowHandle<V>> for AnyWindowHandle {
2538    fn from(val: WindowHandle<V>) -> Self {
2539        val.any_handle
2540    }
2541}
2542
2543/// A handle to a window with any root view type, which can be downcast to a window with a specific root view type.
2544#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
2545pub struct AnyWindowHandle {
2546    pub(crate) id: WindowId,
2547    state_type: TypeId,
2548}
2549
2550impl AnyWindowHandle {
2551    /// Get the ID of this window.
2552    pub fn window_id(&self) -> WindowId {
2553        self.id
2554    }
2555
2556    /// Attempt to convert this handle to a window handle with a specific root view type.
2557    /// If the types do not match, this will return `None`.
2558    pub fn downcast<T: 'static>(&self) -> Option<WindowHandle<T>> {
2559        if TypeId::of::<T>() == self.state_type {
2560            Some(WindowHandle {
2561                any_handle: *self,
2562                state_type: PhantomData,
2563            })
2564        } else {
2565            None
2566        }
2567    }
2568
2569    /// Updates the state of the root view of this window.
2570    ///
2571    /// This will fail if the window has been closed.
2572    pub fn update<C, R>(
2573        self,
2574        cx: &mut C,
2575        update: impl FnOnce(AnyView, &mut WindowContext<'_>) -> R,
2576    ) -> Result<R>
2577    where
2578        C: Context,
2579    {
2580        cx.update_window(self, update)
2581    }
2582
2583    /// Read the state of the root view of this window.
2584    ///
2585    /// This will fail if the window has been closed.
2586    pub fn read<T, C, R>(self, cx: &C, read: impl FnOnce(View<T>, &AppContext) -> R) -> Result<R>
2587    where
2588        C: Context,
2589        T: 'static,
2590    {
2591        let view = self
2592            .downcast::<T>()
2593            .context("the type of the window's root view has changed")?;
2594
2595        cx.read_window(&view, read)
2596    }
2597}
2598
2599/// An identifier for an [`Element`](crate::Element).
2600///
2601/// Can be constructed with a string, a number, or both, as well
2602/// as other internal representations.
2603#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
2604pub enum ElementId {
2605    /// The ID of a View element
2606    View(EntityId),
2607    /// An integer ID.
2608    Integer(usize),
2609    /// A string based ID.
2610    Name(SharedString),
2611    /// An ID that's equated with a focus handle.
2612    FocusHandle(FocusId),
2613    /// A combination of a name and an integer.
2614    NamedInteger(SharedString, usize),
2615}
2616
2617impl Display for ElementId {
2618    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
2619        match self {
2620            ElementId::View(entity_id) => write!(f, "view-{}", entity_id)?,
2621            ElementId::Integer(ix) => write!(f, "{}", ix)?,
2622            ElementId::Name(name) => write!(f, "{}", name)?,
2623            ElementId::FocusHandle(__) => write!(f, "FocusHandle")?,
2624            ElementId::NamedInteger(s, i) => write!(f, "{}-{}", s, i)?,
2625        }
2626
2627        Ok(())
2628    }
2629}
2630
2631impl ElementId {
2632    pub(crate) fn from_entity_id(entity_id: EntityId) -> Self {
2633        ElementId::View(entity_id)
2634    }
2635}
2636
2637impl TryInto<SharedString> for ElementId {
2638    type Error = anyhow::Error;
2639
2640    fn try_into(self) -> anyhow::Result<SharedString> {
2641        if let ElementId::Name(name) = self {
2642            Ok(name)
2643        } else {
2644            Err(anyhow!("element id is not string"))
2645        }
2646    }
2647}
2648
2649impl From<usize> for ElementId {
2650    fn from(id: usize) -> Self {
2651        ElementId::Integer(id)
2652    }
2653}
2654
2655impl From<i32> for ElementId {
2656    fn from(id: i32) -> Self {
2657        Self::Integer(id as usize)
2658    }
2659}
2660
2661impl From<SharedString> for ElementId {
2662    fn from(name: SharedString) -> Self {
2663        ElementId::Name(name)
2664    }
2665}
2666
2667impl From<&'static str> for ElementId {
2668    fn from(name: &'static str) -> Self {
2669        ElementId::Name(name.into())
2670    }
2671}
2672
2673impl<'a> From<&'a FocusHandle> for ElementId {
2674    fn from(handle: &'a FocusHandle) -> Self {
2675        ElementId::FocusHandle(handle.id)
2676    }
2677}
2678
2679impl From<(&'static str, EntityId)> for ElementId {
2680    fn from((name, id): (&'static str, EntityId)) -> Self {
2681        ElementId::NamedInteger(name.into(), id.as_u64() as usize)
2682    }
2683}
2684
2685impl From<(&'static str, usize)> for ElementId {
2686    fn from((name, id): (&'static str, usize)) -> Self {
2687        ElementId::NamedInteger(name.into(), id)
2688    }
2689}
2690
2691impl From<(&'static str, u64)> for ElementId {
2692    fn from((name, id): (&'static str, u64)) -> Self {
2693        ElementId::NamedInteger(name.into(), id as usize)
2694    }
2695}
2696
2697/// A rectangle to be rendered in the window at the given position and size.
2698/// Passed as an argument [`WindowContext::paint_quad`].
2699#[derive(Clone)]
2700pub struct PaintQuad {
2701    bounds: Bounds<Pixels>,
2702    corner_radii: Corners<Pixels>,
2703    background: Hsla,
2704    border_widths: Edges<Pixels>,
2705    border_color: Hsla,
2706}
2707
2708impl PaintQuad {
2709    /// Sets the corner radii of the quad.
2710    pub fn corner_radii(self, corner_radii: impl Into<Corners<Pixels>>) -> Self {
2711        PaintQuad {
2712            corner_radii: corner_radii.into(),
2713            ..self
2714        }
2715    }
2716
2717    /// Sets the border widths of the quad.
2718    pub fn border_widths(self, border_widths: impl Into<Edges<Pixels>>) -> Self {
2719        PaintQuad {
2720            border_widths: border_widths.into(),
2721            ..self
2722        }
2723    }
2724
2725    /// Sets the border color of the quad.
2726    pub fn border_color(self, border_color: impl Into<Hsla>) -> Self {
2727        PaintQuad {
2728            border_color: border_color.into(),
2729            ..self
2730        }
2731    }
2732
2733    /// Sets the background color of the quad.
2734    pub fn background(self, background: impl Into<Hsla>) -> Self {
2735        PaintQuad {
2736            background: background.into(),
2737            ..self
2738        }
2739    }
2740}
2741
2742/// Creates a quad with the given parameters.
2743pub fn quad(
2744    bounds: Bounds<Pixels>,
2745    corner_radii: impl Into<Corners<Pixels>>,
2746    background: impl Into<Hsla>,
2747    border_widths: impl Into<Edges<Pixels>>,
2748    border_color: impl Into<Hsla>,
2749) -> PaintQuad {
2750    PaintQuad {
2751        bounds,
2752        corner_radii: corner_radii.into(),
2753        background: background.into(),
2754        border_widths: border_widths.into(),
2755        border_color: border_color.into(),
2756    }
2757}
2758
2759/// Creates a filled quad with the given bounds and background color.
2760pub fn fill(bounds: impl Into<Bounds<Pixels>>, background: impl Into<Hsla>) -> PaintQuad {
2761    PaintQuad {
2762        bounds: bounds.into(),
2763        corner_radii: (0.).into(),
2764        background: background.into(),
2765        border_widths: (0.).into(),
2766        border_color: transparent_black(),
2767    }
2768}
2769
2770/// Creates a rectangle outline with the given bounds, border color, and a 1px border width
2771pub fn outline(bounds: impl Into<Bounds<Pixels>>, border_color: impl Into<Hsla>) -> PaintQuad {
2772    PaintQuad {
2773        bounds: bounds.into(),
2774        corner_radii: (0.).into(),
2775        background: transparent_black(),
2776        border_widths: (1.).into(),
2777        border_color: border_color.into(),
2778    }
2779}