window.rs

   1use crate::{
   2    px, size, transparent_black, Action, AnyDrag, AnyView, AppContext, Arena, AsyncWindowContext,
   3    AvailableSpace, Bounds, Context, Corners, CursorStyle, DispatchActionListener, DispatchNodeId,
   4    DispatchTree, DisplayId, Edges, Effect, Entity, EntityId, EventEmitter, FileDropEvent, Flatten,
   5    Global, GlobalElementId, Hsla, KeyBinding, KeyContext, KeyDownEvent, KeyMatch, KeymatchResult,
   6    Keystroke, KeystrokeEvent, Model, ModelContext, Modifiers, MouseButton, MouseMoveEvent,
   7    MouseUpEvent, Pixels, PlatformAtlas, PlatformDisplay, PlatformInput, PlatformWindow, Point,
   8    PromptLevel, Render, ScaledPixels, SharedString, Size, SubscriberSet, Subscription,
   9    TaffyLayoutEngine, Task, View, VisualContext, WeakView, WindowAppearance, WindowBounds,
  10    WindowOptions, WindowTextSystem,
  11};
  12use anyhow::{anyhow, Context as _, Result};
  13use collections::FxHashSet;
  14use derive_more::{Deref, DerefMut};
  15use futures::channel::oneshot;
  16use parking_lot::RwLock;
  17use slotmap::SlotMap;
  18use smallvec::SmallVec;
  19use std::{
  20    any::{Any, TypeId},
  21    borrow::{Borrow, BorrowMut},
  22    cell::{Cell, RefCell},
  23    fmt::{Debug, Display},
  24    future::Future,
  25    hash::{Hash, Hasher},
  26    marker::PhantomData,
  27    mem,
  28    rc::Rc,
  29    sync::{
  30        atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering::SeqCst},
  31        Arc,
  32    },
  33    time::{Duration, Instant},
  34};
  35use util::{measure, ResultExt};
  36
  37mod element_cx;
  38pub use element_cx::*;
  39
  40const ACTIVE_DRAG_Z_INDEX: u16 = 1;
  41
  42/// A global stacking order, which is created by stacking successive z-index values.
  43/// Each z-index will always be interpreted in the context of its parent z-index.
  44#[derive(Debug, Deref, DerefMut, Clone, Ord, PartialOrd, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]
  45pub struct StackingOrder(SmallVec<[StackingContext; 64]>);
  46
  47/// A single entry in a primitive's z-index stacking order
  48#[derive(Clone, Ord, PartialOrd, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]
  49pub struct StackingContext {
  50    pub(crate) z_index: u16,
  51    pub(crate) id: u16,
  52}
  53
  54impl std::fmt::Debug for StackingContext {
  55    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
  56        write!(f, "{{{}.{}}} ", self.z_index, self.id)
  57    }
  58}
  59
  60/// Represents the two different phases when dispatching events.
  61#[derive(Default, Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
  62pub enum DispatchPhase {
  63    /// After the capture phase comes the bubble phase, in which mouse event listeners are
  64    /// invoked front to back and keyboard event listeners are invoked from the focused element
  65    /// to the root of the element tree. This is the phase you'll most commonly want to use when
  66    /// registering event listeners.
  67    #[default]
  68    Bubble,
  69    /// During the initial capture phase, mouse event listeners are invoked back to front, and keyboard
  70    /// listeners are invoked from the root of the tree downward toward the focused element. This phase
  71    /// is used for special purposes such as clearing the "pressed" state for click events. If
  72    /// you stop event propagation during this phase, you need to know what you're doing. Handlers
  73    /// outside of the immediate region may rely on detecting non-local events during this phase.
  74    Capture,
  75}
  76
  77impl DispatchPhase {
  78    /// Returns true if this represents the "bubble" phase.
  79    pub fn bubble(self) -> bool {
  80        self == DispatchPhase::Bubble
  81    }
  82
  83    /// Returns true if this represents the "capture" phase.
  84    pub fn capture(self) -> bool {
  85        self == DispatchPhase::Capture
  86    }
  87}
  88
  89type AnyObserver = Box<dyn FnMut(&mut WindowContext) -> bool + 'static>;
  90
  91type AnyWindowFocusListener = Box<dyn FnMut(&FocusEvent, &mut WindowContext) -> bool + 'static>;
  92
  93struct FocusEvent {
  94    previous_focus_path: SmallVec<[FocusId; 8]>,
  95    current_focus_path: SmallVec<[FocusId; 8]>,
  96}
  97
  98slotmap::new_key_type! {
  99    /// A globally unique identifier for a focusable element.
 100    pub struct FocusId;
 101}
 102
 103thread_local! {
 104    pub(crate) static ELEMENT_ARENA: RefCell<Arena> = RefCell::new(Arena::new(8 * 1024 * 1024));
 105}
 106
 107impl FocusId {
 108    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle is currently focused.
 109    pub fn is_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 110        cx.window.focus == Some(*self)
 111    }
 112
 113    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle contains the focused
 114    /// element or is itself focused.
 115    pub fn contains_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 116        cx.focused()
 117            .map_or(false, |focused| self.contains(focused.id, cx))
 118    }
 119
 120    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle is contained within the
 121    /// focused element or is itself focused.
 122    pub fn within_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 123        let focused = cx.focused();
 124        focused.map_or(false, |focused| focused.id.contains(*self, cx))
 125    }
 126
 127    /// Obtains whether this handle contains the given handle in the most recently rendered frame.
 128    pub(crate) fn contains(&self, other: Self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 129        cx.window
 130            .rendered_frame
 131            .dispatch_tree
 132            .focus_contains(*self, other)
 133    }
 134}
 135
 136/// A handle which can be used to track and manipulate the focused element in a window.
 137pub struct FocusHandle {
 138    pub(crate) id: FocusId,
 139    handles: Arc<RwLock<SlotMap<FocusId, AtomicUsize>>>,
 140}
 141
 142impl std::fmt::Debug for FocusHandle {
 143    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
 144        f.write_fmt(format_args!("FocusHandle({:?})", self.id))
 145    }
 146}
 147
 148impl FocusHandle {
 149    pub(crate) fn new(handles: &Arc<RwLock<SlotMap<FocusId, AtomicUsize>>>) -> Self {
 150        let id = handles.write().insert(AtomicUsize::new(1));
 151        Self {
 152            id,
 153            handles: handles.clone(),
 154        }
 155    }
 156
 157    pub(crate) fn for_id(
 158        id: FocusId,
 159        handles: &Arc<RwLock<SlotMap<FocusId, AtomicUsize>>>,
 160    ) -> Option<Self> {
 161        let lock = handles.read();
 162        let ref_count = lock.get(id)?;
 163        if ref_count.load(SeqCst) == 0 {
 164            None
 165        } else {
 166            ref_count.fetch_add(1, SeqCst);
 167            Some(Self {
 168                id,
 169                handles: handles.clone(),
 170            })
 171        }
 172    }
 173
 174    /// Moves the focus to the element associated with this handle.
 175    pub fn focus(&self, cx: &mut WindowContext) {
 176        cx.focus(self)
 177    }
 178
 179    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle is currently focused.
 180    pub fn is_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 181        self.id.is_focused(cx)
 182    }
 183
 184    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle contains the focused
 185    /// element or is itself focused.
 186    pub fn contains_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 187        self.id.contains_focused(cx)
 188    }
 189
 190    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle is contained within the
 191    /// focused element or is itself focused.
 192    pub fn within_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 193        self.id.within_focused(cx)
 194    }
 195
 196    /// Obtains whether this handle contains the given handle in the most recently rendered frame.
 197    pub fn contains(&self, other: &Self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 198        self.id.contains(other.id, cx)
 199    }
 200}
 201
 202impl Clone for FocusHandle {
 203    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
 204        Self::for_id(self.id, &self.handles).unwrap()
 205    }
 206}
 207
 208impl PartialEq for FocusHandle {
 209    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
 210        self.id == other.id
 211    }
 212}
 213
 214impl Eq for FocusHandle {}
 215
 216impl Drop for FocusHandle {
 217    fn drop(&mut self) {
 218        self.handles
 219            .read()
 220            .get(self.id)
 221            .unwrap()
 222            .fetch_sub(1, SeqCst);
 223    }
 224}
 225
 226/// FocusableView allows users of your view to easily
 227/// focus it (using cx.focus_view(view))
 228pub trait FocusableView: 'static + Render {
 229    /// Returns the focus handle associated with this view.
 230    fn focus_handle(&self, cx: &AppContext) -> FocusHandle;
 231}
 232
 233/// ManagedView is a view (like a Modal, Popover, Menu, etc.)
 234/// where the lifecycle of the view is handled by another view.
 235pub trait ManagedView: FocusableView + EventEmitter<DismissEvent> {}
 236
 237impl<M: FocusableView + EventEmitter<DismissEvent>> ManagedView for M {}
 238
 239/// Emitted by implementers of [`ManagedView`] to indicate the view should be dismissed, such as when a view is presented as a modal.
 240pub struct DismissEvent;
 241
 242type FrameCallback = Box<dyn FnOnce(&mut WindowContext)>;
 243
 244// Holds the state for a specific window.
 245#[doc(hidden)]
 246pub struct Window {
 247    pub(crate) handle: AnyWindowHandle,
 248    pub(crate) removed: bool,
 249    pub(crate) platform_window: Box<dyn PlatformWindow>,
 250    display_id: DisplayId,
 251    sprite_atlas: Arc<dyn PlatformAtlas>,
 252    text_system: Arc<WindowTextSystem>,
 253    pub(crate) rem_size: Pixels,
 254    pub(crate) viewport_size: Size<Pixels>,
 255    layout_engine: Option<TaffyLayoutEngine>,
 256    pub(crate) root_view: Option<AnyView>,
 257    pub(crate) element_id_stack: GlobalElementId,
 258    pub(crate) rendered_frame: Frame,
 259    pub(crate) next_frame: Frame,
 260    next_frame_callbacks: Rc<RefCell<Vec<FrameCallback>>>,
 261    pub(crate) dirty_views: FxHashSet<EntityId>,
 262    pub(crate) focus_handles: Arc<RwLock<SlotMap<FocusId, AtomicUsize>>>,
 263    focus_listeners: SubscriberSet<(), AnyWindowFocusListener>,
 264    focus_lost_listeners: SubscriberSet<(), AnyObserver>,
 265    default_prevented: bool,
 266    mouse_position: Point<Pixels>,
 267    modifiers: Modifiers,
 268    scale_factor: f32,
 269    bounds: WindowBounds,
 270    bounds_observers: SubscriberSet<(), AnyObserver>,
 271    appearance: WindowAppearance,
 272    appearance_observers: SubscriberSet<(), AnyObserver>,
 273    active: Rc<Cell<bool>>,
 274    pub(crate) dirty: Rc<Cell<bool>>,
 275    pub(crate) last_input_timestamp: Rc<Cell<Instant>>,
 276    pub(crate) refreshing: bool,
 277    pub(crate) drawing: bool,
 278    activation_observers: SubscriberSet<(), AnyObserver>,
 279    pub(crate) focus: Option<FocusId>,
 280    focus_enabled: bool,
 281    pending_input: Option<PendingInput>,
 282    graphics_profiler_enabled: bool,
 283}
 284
 285#[derive(Default, Debug)]
 286struct PendingInput {
 287    keystrokes: SmallVec<[Keystroke; 1]>,
 288    bindings: SmallVec<[KeyBinding; 1]>,
 289    focus: Option<FocusId>,
 290    timer: Option<Task<()>>,
 291}
 292
 293impl PendingInput {
 294    fn input(&self) -> String {
 295        self.keystrokes
 296            .iter()
 297            .flat_map(|k| k.ime_key.clone())
 298            .collect::<Vec<String>>()
 299            .join("")
 300    }
 301
 302    fn used_by_binding(&self, binding: &KeyBinding) -> bool {
 303        if self.keystrokes.is_empty() {
 304            return true;
 305        }
 306        let keystroke = &self.keystrokes[0];
 307        for candidate in keystroke.match_candidates() {
 308            if binding.match_keystrokes(&[candidate]) == KeyMatch::Pending {
 309                return true;
 310            }
 311        }
 312        false
 313    }
 314}
 315
 316pub(crate) struct ElementStateBox {
 317    pub(crate) inner: Box<dyn Any>,
 318    pub(crate) parent_view_id: EntityId,
 319    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
 320    pub(crate) type_name: &'static str,
 321}
 322
 323impl Window {
 324    pub(crate) fn new(
 325        handle: AnyWindowHandle,
 326        options: WindowOptions,
 327        cx: &mut AppContext,
 328    ) -> Self {
 329        let platform_window = cx.platform.open_window(handle, options);
 330        let display_id = platform_window.display().id();
 331        let sprite_atlas = platform_window.sprite_atlas();
 332        let mouse_position = platform_window.mouse_position();
 333        let modifiers = platform_window.modifiers();
 334        let content_size = platform_window.content_size();
 335        let scale_factor = platform_window.scale_factor();
 336        let bounds = platform_window.bounds();
 337        let appearance = platform_window.appearance();
 338        let text_system = Arc::new(WindowTextSystem::new(cx.text_system().clone()));
 339        let dirty = Rc::new(Cell::new(true));
 340        let active = Rc::new(Cell::new(false));
 341        let next_frame_callbacks: Rc<RefCell<Vec<FrameCallback>>> = Default::default();
 342        let last_input_timestamp = Rc::new(Cell::new(Instant::now()));
 343
 344        platform_window.on_close(Box::new({
 345            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 346            move || {
 347                let _ = handle.update(&mut cx, |_, cx| cx.remove_window());
 348            }
 349        }));
 350        platform_window.on_request_frame(Box::new({
 351            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 352            let dirty = dirty.clone();
 353            let active = active.clone();
 354            let next_frame_callbacks = next_frame_callbacks.clone();
 355            let last_input_timestamp = last_input_timestamp.clone();
 356            move || {
 357                let next_frame_callbacks = next_frame_callbacks.take();
 358                if !next_frame_callbacks.is_empty() {
 359                    handle
 360                        .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| {
 361                            for callback in next_frame_callbacks {
 362                                callback(cx);
 363                            }
 364                        })
 365                        .log_err();
 366                }
 367
 368                if dirty.get() {
 369                    measure("frame duration", || {
 370                        handle
 371                            .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| {
 372                                cx.draw();
 373                                cx.present();
 374                            })
 375                            .log_err();
 376                    })
 377                }
 378                // Keep presenting the current scene for 1 extra second since the
 379                // last input to prevent the display from underclocking the refresh rate.
 380                else if active.get()
 381                    && last_input_timestamp.get().elapsed() < Duration::from_secs(1)
 382                {
 383                    handle.update(&mut cx, |_, cx| cx.present()).log_err();
 384                }
 385            }
 386        }));
 387        platform_window.on_resize(Box::new({
 388            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 389            move |_, _| {
 390                handle
 391                    .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| cx.window_bounds_changed())
 392                    .log_err();
 393            }
 394        }));
 395        platform_window.on_moved(Box::new({
 396            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 397            move || {
 398                handle
 399                    .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| cx.window_bounds_changed())
 400                    .log_err();
 401            }
 402        }));
 403        platform_window.on_appearance_changed(Box::new({
 404            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 405            move || {
 406                handle
 407                    .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| cx.appearance_changed())
 408                    .log_err();
 409            }
 410        }));
 411        platform_window.on_active_status_change(Box::new({
 412            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 413            move |active| {
 414                handle
 415                    .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| {
 416                        cx.window.active.set(active);
 417                        cx.window
 418                            .activation_observers
 419                            .clone()
 420                            .retain(&(), |callback| callback(cx));
 421                    })
 422                    .log_err();
 423            }
 424        }));
 425
 426        platform_window.on_input({
 427            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 428            Box::new(move |event| {
 429                handle
 430                    .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| cx.dispatch_event(event))
 431                    .log_err()
 432                    .unwrap_or(false)
 433            })
 434        });
 435
 436        Window {
 437            handle,
 438            removed: false,
 439            platform_window,
 440            display_id,
 441            sprite_atlas,
 442            text_system,
 443            rem_size: px(16.),
 444            viewport_size: content_size,
 445            layout_engine: Some(TaffyLayoutEngine::new()),
 446            root_view: None,
 447            element_id_stack: GlobalElementId::default(),
 448            rendered_frame: Frame::new(DispatchTree::new(cx.keymap.clone(), cx.actions.clone())),
 449            next_frame: Frame::new(DispatchTree::new(cx.keymap.clone(), cx.actions.clone())),
 450            next_frame_callbacks,
 451            dirty_views: FxHashSet::default(),
 452            focus_handles: Arc::new(RwLock::new(SlotMap::with_key())),
 453            focus_listeners: SubscriberSet::new(),
 454            focus_lost_listeners: SubscriberSet::new(),
 455            default_prevented: true,
 456            mouse_position,
 457            modifiers,
 458            scale_factor,
 459            bounds,
 460            bounds_observers: SubscriberSet::new(),
 461            appearance,
 462            appearance_observers: SubscriberSet::new(),
 463            active,
 464            dirty,
 465            last_input_timestamp,
 466            refreshing: false,
 467            drawing: false,
 468            activation_observers: SubscriberSet::new(),
 469            focus: None,
 470            focus_enabled: true,
 471            pending_input: None,
 472            graphics_profiler_enabled: false,
 473        }
 474    }
 475    fn new_focus_listener(
 476        &mut self,
 477        value: AnyWindowFocusListener,
 478    ) -> (Subscription, impl FnOnce()) {
 479        self.focus_listeners.insert((), value)
 480    }
 481}
 482
 483/// Indicates which region of the window is visible. Content falling outside of this mask will not be
 484/// rendered. Currently, only rectangular content masks are supported, but we give the mask its own type
 485/// to leave room to support more complex shapes in the future.
 486#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
 487#[repr(C)]
 488pub struct ContentMask<P: Clone + Default + Debug> {
 489    /// The bounds
 490    pub bounds: Bounds<P>,
 491}
 492
 493impl ContentMask<Pixels> {
 494    /// Scale the content mask's pixel units by the given scaling factor.
 495    pub fn scale(&self, factor: f32) -> ContentMask<ScaledPixels> {
 496        ContentMask {
 497            bounds: self.bounds.scale(factor),
 498        }
 499    }
 500
 501    /// Intersect the content mask with the given content mask.
 502    pub fn intersect(&self, other: &Self) -> Self {
 503        let bounds = self.bounds.intersect(&other.bounds);
 504        ContentMask { bounds }
 505    }
 506}
 507
 508/// Provides access to application state in the context of a single window. Derefs
 509/// to an [`AppContext`], so you can also pass a [`WindowContext`] to any method that takes
 510/// an [`AppContext`] and call any [`AppContext`] methods.
 511pub struct WindowContext<'a> {
 512    pub(crate) app: &'a mut AppContext,
 513    pub(crate) window: &'a mut Window,
 514}
 515
 516impl<'a> WindowContext<'a> {
 517    pub(crate) fn new(app: &'a mut AppContext, window: &'a mut Window) -> Self {
 518        Self { app, window }
 519    }
 520
 521    /// Obtain a handle to the window that belongs to this context.
 522    pub fn window_handle(&self) -> AnyWindowHandle {
 523        self.window.handle
 524    }
 525
 526    /// Mark the window as dirty, scheduling it to be redrawn on the next frame.
 527    pub fn refresh(&mut self) {
 528        if !self.window.drawing {
 529            self.window.refreshing = true;
 530            self.window.dirty.set(true);
 531        }
 532    }
 533
 534    /// Close this window.
 535    pub fn remove_window(&mut self) {
 536        self.window.removed = true;
 537    }
 538
 539    /// Obtain a new [`FocusHandle`], which allows you to track and manipulate the keyboard focus
 540    /// for elements rendered within this window.
 541    pub fn focus_handle(&mut self) -> FocusHandle {
 542        FocusHandle::new(&self.window.focus_handles)
 543    }
 544
 545    /// Obtain the currently focused [`FocusHandle`]. If no elements are focused, returns `None`.
 546    pub fn focused(&self) -> Option<FocusHandle> {
 547        self.window
 548            .focus
 549            .and_then(|id| FocusHandle::for_id(id, &self.window.focus_handles))
 550    }
 551
 552    /// Move focus to the element associated with the given [`FocusHandle`].
 553    pub fn focus(&mut self, handle: &FocusHandle) {
 554        if !self.window.focus_enabled || self.window.focus == Some(handle.id) {
 555            return;
 556        }
 557
 558        self.window.focus = Some(handle.id);
 559        self.window
 560            .rendered_frame
 561            .dispatch_tree
 562            .clear_pending_keystrokes();
 563        self.refresh();
 564    }
 565
 566    /// Remove focus from all elements within this context's window.
 567    pub fn blur(&mut self) {
 568        if !self.window.focus_enabled {
 569            return;
 570        }
 571
 572        self.window.focus = None;
 573        self.refresh();
 574    }
 575
 576    /// Blur the window and don't allow anything in it to be focused again.
 577    pub fn disable_focus(&mut self) {
 578        self.blur();
 579        self.window.focus_enabled = false;
 580    }
 581
 582    /// Accessor for the text system.
 583    pub fn text_system(&self) -> &Arc<WindowTextSystem> {
 584        &self.window.text_system
 585    }
 586
 587    /// Dispatch the given action on the currently focused element.
 588    pub fn dispatch_action(&mut self, action: Box<dyn Action>) {
 589        let focus_handle = self.focused();
 590
 591        self.defer(move |cx| {
 592            let node_id = focus_handle
 593                .and_then(|handle| {
 594                    cx.window
 595                        .rendered_frame
 596                        .dispatch_tree
 597                        .focusable_node_id(handle.id)
 598                })
 599                .unwrap_or_else(|| cx.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.root_node_id());
 600
 601            cx.propagate_event = true;
 602            cx.dispatch_action_on_node(node_id, action);
 603        })
 604    }
 605
 606    pub(crate) fn dispatch_keystroke_observers(
 607        &mut self,
 608        event: &dyn Any,
 609        action: Option<Box<dyn Action>>,
 610    ) {
 611        let Some(key_down_event) = event.downcast_ref::<KeyDownEvent>() else {
 612            return;
 613        };
 614
 615        self.keystroke_observers
 616            .clone()
 617            .retain(&(), move |callback| {
 618                (callback)(
 619                    &KeystrokeEvent {
 620                        keystroke: key_down_event.keystroke.clone(),
 621                        action: action.as_ref().map(|action| action.boxed_clone()),
 622                    },
 623                    self,
 624                );
 625                true
 626            });
 627    }
 628
 629    pub(crate) fn clear_pending_keystrokes(&mut self) {
 630        self.window
 631            .rendered_frame
 632            .dispatch_tree
 633            .clear_pending_keystrokes();
 634        self.window
 635            .next_frame
 636            .dispatch_tree
 637            .clear_pending_keystrokes();
 638    }
 639
 640    /// Schedules the given function to be run at the end of the current effect cycle, allowing entities
 641    /// that are currently on the stack to be returned to the app.
 642    pub fn defer(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut WindowContext) + 'static) {
 643        let handle = self.window.handle;
 644        self.app.defer(move |cx| {
 645            handle.update(cx, |_, cx| f(cx)).ok();
 646        });
 647    }
 648
 649    /// Subscribe to events emitted by a model or view.
 650    /// The entity to which you're subscribing must implement the [`EventEmitter`] trait.
 651    /// The callback will be invoked a handle to the emitting entity (either a [`View`] or [`Model`]), the event, and a window context for the current window.
 652    pub fn subscribe<Emitter, E, Evt>(
 653        &mut self,
 654        entity: &E,
 655        mut on_event: impl FnMut(E, &Evt, &mut WindowContext<'_>) + 'static,
 656    ) -> Subscription
 657    where
 658        Emitter: EventEmitter<Evt>,
 659        E: Entity<Emitter>,
 660        Evt: 'static,
 661    {
 662        let entity_id = entity.entity_id();
 663        let entity = entity.downgrade();
 664        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
 665        self.app.new_subscription(
 666            entity_id,
 667            (
 668                TypeId::of::<Evt>(),
 669                Box::new(move |event, cx| {
 670                    window_handle
 671                        .update(cx, |_, cx| {
 672                            if let Some(handle) = E::upgrade_from(&entity) {
 673                                let event = event.downcast_ref().expect("invalid event type");
 674                                on_event(handle, event, cx);
 675                                true
 676                            } else {
 677                                false
 678                            }
 679                        })
 680                        .unwrap_or(false)
 681                }),
 682            ),
 683        )
 684    }
 685
 686    /// Creates an [`AsyncWindowContext`], which has a static lifetime and can be held across
 687    /// await points in async code.
 688    pub fn to_async(&self) -> AsyncWindowContext {
 689        AsyncWindowContext::new(self.app.to_async(), self.window.handle)
 690    }
 691
 692    /// Schedule the given closure to be run directly after the current frame is rendered.
 693    pub fn on_next_frame(&mut self, callback: impl FnOnce(&mut WindowContext) + 'static) {
 694        RefCell::borrow_mut(&self.window.next_frame_callbacks).push(Box::new(callback));
 695    }
 696
 697    /// Spawn the future returned by the given closure on the application thread pool.
 698    /// The closure is provided a handle to the current window and an `AsyncWindowContext` for
 699    /// use within your future.
 700    pub fn spawn<Fut, R>(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(AsyncWindowContext) -> Fut) -> Task<R>
 701    where
 702        R: 'static,
 703        Fut: Future<Output = R> + 'static,
 704    {
 705        self.app
 706            .spawn(|app| f(AsyncWindowContext::new(app, self.window.handle)))
 707    }
 708
 709    /// Updates the global of the given type. The given closure is given simultaneous mutable
 710    /// access both to the global and the context.
 711    pub fn update_global<G, R>(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut G, &mut Self) -> R) -> R
 712    where
 713        G: Global,
 714    {
 715        let mut global = self.app.lease_global::<G>();
 716        let result = f(&mut global, self);
 717        self.app.end_global_lease(global);
 718        result
 719    }
 720
 721    fn window_bounds_changed(&mut self) {
 722        self.window.scale_factor = self.window.platform_window.scale_factor();
 723        self.window.viewport_size = self.window.platform_window.content_size();
 724        self.window.bounds = self.window.platform_window.bounds();
 725        self.window.display_id = self.window.platform_window.display().id();
 726        self.refresh();
 727
 728        self.window
 729            .bounds_observers
 730            .clone()
 731            .retain(&(), |callback| callback(self));
 732    }
 733
 734    /// Returns the bounds of the current window in the global coordinate space, which could span across multiple displays.
 735    pub fn window_bounds(&self) -> WindowBounds {
 736        self.window.bounds
 737    }
 738
 739    fn appearance_changed(&mut self) {
 740        self.window.appearance = self.window.platform_window.appearance();
 741
 742        self.window
 743            .appearance_observers
 744            .clone()
 745            .retain(&(), |callback| callback(self));
 746    }
 747
 748    /// Returns the appearance of the current window.
 749    pub fn appearance(&self) -> WindowAppearance {
 750        self.window.appearance
 751    }
 752
 753    /// Returns the size of the drawable area within the window.
 754    pub fn viewport_size(&self) -> Size<Pixels> {
 755        self.window.viewport_size
 756    }
 757
 758    /// Returns whether this window is focused by the operating system (receiving key events).
 759    pub fn is_window_active(&self) -> bool {
 760        self.window.active.get()
 761    }
 762
 763    /// Toggle zoom on the window.
 764    pub fn zoom_window(&self) {
 765        self.window.platform_window.zoom();
 766    }
 767
 768    /// Updates the window's title at the platform level.
 769    pub fn set_window_title(&mut self, title: &str) {
 770        self.window.platform_window.set_title(title);
 771    }
 772
 773    /// Mark the window as dirty at the platform level.
 774    pub fn set_window_edited(&mut self, edited: bool) {
 775        self.window.platform_window.set_edited(edited);
 776    }
 777
 778    /// Determine the display on which the window is visible.
 779    pub fn display(&self) -> Option<Rc<dyn PlatformDisplay>> {
 780        self.platform
 781            .displays()
 782            .into_iter()
 783            .find(|display| display.id() == self.window.display_id)
 784    }
 785
 786    /// Show the platform character palette.
 787    pub fn show_character_palette(&self) {
 788        self.window.platform_window.show_character_palette();
 789    }
 790
 791    /// The scale factor of the display associated with the window. For example, it could
 792    /// return 2.0 for a "retina" display, indicating that each logical pixel should actually
 793    /// be rendered as two pixels on screen.
 794    pub fn scale_factor(&self) -> f32 {
 795        self.window.scale_factor
 796    }
 797
 798    /// The size of an em for the base font of the application. Adjusting this value allows the
 799    /// UI to scale, just like zooming a web page.
 800    pub fn rem_size(&self) -> Pixels {
 801        self.window.rem_size
 802    }
 803
 804    /// Sets the size of an em for the base font of the application. Adjusting this value allows the
 805    /// UI to scale, just like zooming a web page.
 806    pub fn set_rem_size(&mut self, rem_size: impl Into<Pixels>) {
 807        self.window.rem_size = rem_size.into();
 808    }
 809
 810    /// The line height associated with the current text style.
 811    pub fn line_height(&self) -> Pixels {
 812        let rem_size = self.rem_size();
 813        let text_style = self.text_style();
 814        text_style
 815            .line_height
 816            .to_pixels(text_style.font_size, rem_size)
 817    }
 818
 819    /// Call to prevent the default action of an event. Currently only used to prevent
 820    /// parent elements from becoming focused on mouse down.
 821    pub fn prevent_default(&mut self) {
 822        self.window.default_prevented = true;
 823    }
 824
 825    /// Obtain whether default has been prevented for the event currently being dispatched.
 826    pub fn default_prevented(&self) -> bool {
 827        self.window.default_prevented
 828    }
 829
 830    /// Determine whether the given action is available along the dispatch path to the currently focused element.
 831    pub fn is_action_available(&self, action: &dyn Action) -> bool {
 832        let target = self
 833            .focused()
 834            .and_then(|focused_handle| {
 835                self.window
 836                    .rendered_frame
 837                    .dispatch_tree
 838                    .focusable_node_id(focused_handle.id)
 839            })
 840            .unwrap_or_else(|| self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.root_node_id());
 841        self.window
 842            .rendered_frame
 843            .dispatch_tree
 844            .is_action_available(action, target)
 845    }
 846
 847    /// The position of the mouse relative to the window.
 848    pub fn mouse_position(&self) -> Point<Pixels> {
 849        self.window.mouse_position
 850    }
 851
 852    /// The current state of the keyboard's modifiers
 853    pub fn modifiers(&self) -> Modifiers {
 854        self.window.modifiers
 855    }
 856
 857    /// Returns true if there is no opaque layer containing the given point
 858    /// on top of the given level. Layers who are extensions of the queried layer
 859    /// are not considered to be on top of queried layer.
 860    pub fn was_top_layer(&self, point: &Point<Pixels>, layer: &StackingOrder) -> bool {
 861        // Precondition: the depth map is ordered from topmost to bottomost.
 862
 863        for (opaque_layer, _, bounds) in self.window.rendered_frame.depth_map.iter() {
 864            if layer >= opaque_layer {
 865                // The queried layer is either above or is the same as the this opaque layer.
 866                // Anything after this point is guaranteed to be below the queried layer.
 867                return true;
 868            }
 869
 870            if !bounds.contains(point) {
 871                // This opaque layer is above the queried layer but it doesn't contain
 872                // the given position, so we can ignore it even if it's above.
 873                continue;
 874            }
 875
 876            // At this point, we've established that this opaque layer is on top of the queried layer
 877            // and contains the position:
 878            // If neither the opaque layer or the queried layer is an extension of the other then
 879            // we know they are on different stacking orders, and return false.
 880            let is_on_same_layer = opaque_layer
 881                .iter()
 882                .zip(layer.iter())
 883                .all(|(a, b)| a.z_index == b.z_index);
 884
 885            if !is_on_same_layer {
 886                return false;
 887            }
 888        }
 889
 890        true
 891    }
 892
 893    pub(crate) fn was_top_layer_under_active_drag(
 894        &self,
 895        point: &Point<Pixels>,
 896        layer: &StackingOrder,
 897    ) -> bool {
 898        // Precondition: the depth map is ordered from topmost to bottomost.
 899
 900        for (opaque_layer, _, bounds) in self.window.rendered_frame.depth_map.iter() {
 901            if layer >= opaque_layer {
 902                // The queried layer is either above or is the same as the this opaque layer.
 903                // Anything after this point is guaranteed to be below the queried layer.
 904                return true;
 905            }
 906
 907            if !bounds.contains(point) {
 908                // This opaque layer is above the queried layer but it doesn't contain
 909                // the given position, so we can ignore it even if it's above.
 910                continue;
 911            }
 912
 913            // All normal content is rendered with a base z-index of 0, we know that if the root of this opaque layer
 914            // equals `ACTIVE_DRAG_Z_INDEX` then it must be the drag layer and we can ignore it as we are
 915            // looking to see if the queried layer was the topmost underneath the drag layer.
 916            if opaque_layer
 917                .first()
 918                .map(|c| c.z_index == ACTIVE_DRAG_Z_INDEX)
 919                .unwrap_or(false)
 920            {
 921                continue;
 922            }
 923
 924            // At this point, we've established that this opaque layer is on top of the queried layer
 925            // and contains the position:
 926            // If neither the opaque layer or the queried layer is an extension of the other then
 927            // we know they are on different stacking orders, and return false.
 928            let is_on_same_layer = opaque_layer
 929                .iter()
 930                .zip(layer.iter())
 931                .all(|(a, b)| a.z_index == b.z_index);
 932
 933            if !is_on_same_layer {
 934                return false;
 935            }
 936        }
 937
 938        true
 939    }
 940
 941    /// Called during painting to get the current stacking order.
 942    pub fn stacking_order(&self) -> &StackingOrder {
 943        &self.window.next_frame.z_index_stack
 944    }
 945
 946    /// Produces a new frame and assigns it to `rendered_frame`. To actually show
 947    /// the contents of the new [Scene], use [present].
 948    pub(crate) fn draw(&mut self) {
 949        self.window.dirty.set(false);
 950        self.window.drawing = true;
 951
 952        if let Some(requested_handler) = self.window.rendered_frame.requested_input_handler.as_mut()
 953        {
 954            let input_handler = self.window.platform_window.take_input_handler();
 955            requested_handler.handler = input_handler;
 956        }
 957
 958        let root_view = self.window.root_view.take().unwrap();
 959        self.with_element_context(|cx| {
 960            cx.with_z_index(0, |cx| {
 961                cx.with_key_dispatch(Some(KeyContext::default()), None, |_, cx| {
 962                    // We need to use cx.cx here so we can utilize borrow splitting
 963                    for (action_type, action_listeners) in &cx.cx.app.global_action_listeners {
 964                        for action_listener in action_listeners.iter().cloned() {
 965                            cx.cx.window.next_frame.dispatch_tree.on_action(
 966                                *action_type,
 967                                Rc::new(
 968                                    move |action: &dyn Any, phase, cx: &mut WindowContext<'_>| {
 969                                        action_listener(action, phase, cx)
 970                                    },
 971                                ),
 972                            )
 973                        }
 974                    }
 975
 976                    let available_space = cx.window.viewport_size.map(Into::into);
 977                    root_view.draw(Point::default(), available_space, cx);
 978                })
 979            })
 980        });
 981
 982        if let Some(active_drag) = self.app.active_drag.take() {
 983            self.with_element_context(|cx| {
 984                cx.with_z_index(ACTIVE_DRAG_Z_INDEX, |cx| {
 985                    let offset = cx.mouse_position() - active_drag.cursor_offset;
 986                    let available_space =
 987                        size(AvailableSpace::MinContent, AvailableSpace::MinContent);
 988                    active_drag.view.draw(offset, available_space, cx);
 989                })
 990            });
 991            self.active_drag = Some(active_drag);
 992        } else if let Some(tooltip_request) = self.window.next_frame.tooltip_request.take() {
 993            self.with_element_context(|cx| {
 994                cx.with_z_index(1, |cx| {
 995                    let available_space =
 996                        size(AvailableSpace::MinContent, AvailableSpace::MinContent);
 997                    tooltip_request.tooltip.view.draw(
 998                        tooltip_request.tooltip.cursor_offset,
 999                        available_space,
1000                        cx,
1001                    );
1002                })
1003            });
1004            self.window.next_frame.tooltip_request = Some(tooltip_request);
1005        }
1006        self.window.dirty_views.clear();
1007
1008        self.window
1009            .next_frame
1010            .dispatch_tree
1011            .preserve_pending_keystrokes(
1012                &mut self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree,
1013                self.window.focus,
1014            );
1015        self.window.next_frame.focus = self.window.focus;
1016        self.window.next_frame.window_active = self.window.active.get();
1017        self.window.root_view = Some(root_view);
1018
1019        // Set the cursor only if we're the active window.
1020        let cursor_style = self
1021            .window
1022            .next_frame
1023            .requested_cursor_style
1024            .take()
1025            .unwrap_or(CursorStyle::Arrow);
1026        if self.is_window_active() {
1027            self.platform.set_cursor_style(cursor_style);
1028        }
1029
1030        // Register requested input handler with the platform window.
1031        if let Some(requested_input) = self.window.next_frame.requested_input_handler.as_mut() {
1032            if let Some(handler) = requested_input.handler.take() {
1033                self.window.platform_window.set_input_handler(handler);
1034            }
1035        }
1036
1037        self.window.layout_engine.as_mut().unwrap().clear();
1038        self.text_system()
1039            .finish_frame(&self.window.next_frame.reused_views);
1040        self.window
1041            .next_frame
1042            .finish(&mut self.window.rendered_frame);
1043        ELEMENT_ARENA.with_borrow_mut(|element_arena| {
1044            let percentage = (element_arena.len() as f32 / element_arena.capacity() as f32) * 100.;
1045            if percentage >= 80. {
1046                log::warn!("elevated element arena occupation: {}.", percentage);
1047            }
1048            element_arena.clear();
1049        });
1050
1051        let previous_focus_path = self.window.rendered_frame.focus_path();
1052        let previous_window_active = self.window.rendered_frame.window_active;
1053        mem::swap(&mut self.window.rendered_frame, &mut self.window.next_frame);
1054        self.window.next_frame.clear();
1055        let current_focus_path = self.window.rendered_frame.focus_path();
1056        let current_window_active = self.window.rendered_frame.window_active;
1057
1058        if previous_focus_path != current_focus_path
1059            || previous_window_active != current_window_active
1060        {
1061            if !previous_focus_path.is_empty() && current_focus_path.is_empty() {
1062                self.window
1063                    .focus_lost_listeners
1064                    .clone()
1065                    .retain(&(), |listener| listener(self));
1066            }
1067
1068            let event = FocusEvent {
1069                previous_focus_path: if previous_window_active {
1070                    previous_focus_path
1071                } else {
1072                    Default::default()
1073                },
1074                current_focus_path: if current_window_active {
1075                    current_focus_path
1076                } else {
1077                    Default::default()
1078                },
1079            };
1080            self.window
1081                .focus_listeners
1082                .clone()
1083                .retain(&(), |listener| listener(&event, self));
1084        }
1085        self.window.refreshing = false;
1086        self.window.drawing = false;
1087    }
1088
1089    fn present(&self) {
1090        self.window
1091            .platform_window
1092            .draw(&self.window.rendered_frame.scene);
1093    }
1094
1095    /// Dispatch a mouse or keyboard event on the window.
1096    pub fn dispatch_event(&mut self, event: PlatformInput) -> bool {
1097        self.window.last_input_timestamp.set(Instant::now());
1098        // Handlers may set this to false by calling `stop_propagation`.
1099        self.app.propagate_event = true;
1100        // Handlers may set this to true by calling `prevent_default`.
1101        self.window.default_prevented = false;
1102
1103        let event = match event {
1104            // Track the mouse position with our own state, since accessing the platform
1105            // API for the mouse position can only occur on the main thread.
1106            PlatformInput::MouseMove(mouse_move) => {
1107                self.window.mouse_position = mouse_move.position;
1108                self.window.modifiers = mouse_move.modifiers;
1109                PlatformInput::MouseMove(mouse_move)
1110            }
1111            PlatformInput::MouseDown(mouse_down) => {
1112                self.window.mouse_position = mouse_down.position;
1113                self.window.modifiers = mouse_down.modifiers;
1114                PlatformInput::MouseDown(mouse_down)
1115            }
1116            PlatformInput::MouseUp(mouse_up) => {
1117                self.window.mouse_position = mouse_up.position;
1118                self.window.modifiers = mouse_up.modifiers;
1119                PlatformInput::MouseUp(mouse_up)
1120            }
1121            PlatformInput::MouseExited(mouse_exited) => {
1122                self.window.modifiers = mouse_exited.modifiers;
1123                PlatformInput::MouseExited(mouse_exited)
1124            }
1125            PlatformInput::ModifiersChanged(modifiers_changed) => {
1126                self.window.modifiers = modifiers_changed.modifiers;
1127                PlatformInput::ModifiersChanged(modifiers_changed)
1128            }
1129            PlatformInput::ScrollWheel(scroll_wheel) => {
1130                self.window.mouse_position = scroll_wheel.position;
1131                self.window.modifiers = scroll_wheel.modifiers;
1132                PlatformInput::ScrollWheel(scroll_wheel)
1133            }
1134            // Translate dragging and dropping of external files from the operating system
1135            // to internal drag and drop events.
1136            PlatformInput::FileDrop(file_drop) => match file_drop {
1137                FileDropEvent::Entered { position, paths } => {
1138                    self.window.mouse_position = position;
1139                    if self.active_drag.is_none() {
1140                        self.active_drag = Some(AnyDrag {
1141                            value: Box::new(paths.clone()),
1142                            view: self.new_view(|_| paths).into(),
1143                            cursor_offset: position,
1144                        });
1145                    }
1146                    PlatformInput::MouseMove(MouseMoveEvent {
1147                        position,
1148                        pressed_button: Some(MouseButton::Left),
1149                        modifiers: Modifiers::default(),
1150                    })
1151                }
1152                FileDropEvent::Pending { position } => {
1153                    self.window.mouse_position = position;
1154                    PlatformInput::MouseMove(MouseMoveEvent {
1155                        position,
1156                        pressed_button: Some(MouseButton::Left),
1157                        modifiers: Modifiers::default(),
1158                    })
1159                }
1160                FileDropEvent::Submit { position } => {
1161                    self.activate(true);
1162                    self.window.mouse_position = position;
1163                    PlatformInput::MouseUp(MouseUpEvent {
1164                        button: MouseButton::Left,
1165                        position,
1166                        modifiers: Modifiers::default(),
1167                        click_count: 1,
1168                    })
1169                }
1170                FileDropEvent::Exited => PlatformInput::MouseUp(MouseUpEvent {
1171                    button: MouseButton::Left,
1172                    position: Point::default(),
1173                    modifiers: Modifiers::default(),
1174                    click_count: 1,
1175                }),
1176            },
1177            PlatformInput::KeyDown(_) | PlatformInput::KeyUp(_) => event,
1178        };
1179
1180        if let Some(any_mouse_event) = event.mouse_event() {
1181            self.dispatch_mouse_event(any_mouse_event);
1182        } else if let Some(any_key_event) = event.keyboard_event() {
1183            self.dispatch_key_event(any_key_event);
1184        }
1185
1186        !self.app.propagate_event
1187    }
1188
1189    fn dispatch_mouse_event(&mut self, event: &dyn Any) {
1190        if let Some(mut handlers) = self
1191            .window
1192            .rendered_frame
1193            .mouse_listeners
1194            .remove(&event.type_id())
1195        {
1196            // Because handlers may add other handlers, we sort every time.
1197            handlers.sort_by(|(a, _, _), (b, _, _)| a.cmp(b));
1198
1199            // Capture phase, events bubble from back to front. Handlers for this phase are used for
1200            // special purposes, such as detecting events outside of a given Bounds.
1201            for (_, _, handler) in &mut handlers {
1202                self.with_element_context(|cx| {
1203                    handler(event, DispatchPhase::Capture, cx);
1204                });
1205                if !self.app.propagate_event {
1206                    break;
1207                }
1208            }
1209
1210            // Bubble phase, where most normal handlers do their work.
1211            if self.app.propagate_event {
1212                for (_, _, handler) in handlers.iter_mut().rev() {
1213                    self.with_element_context(|cx| {
1214                        handler(event, DispatchPhase::Bubble, cx);
1215                    });
1216                    if !self.app.propagate_event {
1217                        break;
1218                    }
1219                }
1220            }
1221
1222            self.window
1223                .rendered_frame
1224                .mouse_listeners
1225                .insert(event.type_id(), handlers);
1226        }
1227
1228        if self.app.propagate_event && self.has_active_drag() {
1229            if event.is::<MouseMoveEvent>() {
1230                // If this was a mouse move event, redraw the window so that the
1231                // active drag can follow the mouse cursor.
1232                self.refresh();
1233            } else if event.is::<MouseUpEvent>() {
1234                // If this was a mouse up event, cancel the active drag and redraw
1235                // the window.
1236                self.active_drag = None;
1237                self.refresh();
1238            }
1239        }
1240    }
1241
1242    fn dispatch_key_event(&mut self, event: &dyn Any) {
1243        let node_id = self
1244            .window
1245            .focus
1246            .and_then(|focus_id| {
1247                self.window
1248                    .rendered_frame
1249                    .dispatch_tree
1250                    .focusable_node_id(focus_id)
1251            })
1252            .unwrap_or_else(|| self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.root_node_id());
1253
1254        let dispatch_path = self
1255            .window
1256            .rendered_frame
1257            .dispatch_tree
1258            .dispatch_path(node_id);
1259
1260        if let Some(key_down_event) = event.downcast_ref::<KeyDownEvent>() {
1261            let KeymatchResult { bindings, pending } = self
1262                .window
1263                .rendered_frame
1264                .dispatch_tree
1265                .dispatch_key(&key_down_event.keystroke, &dispatch_path);
1266
1267            if pending {
1268                let mut currently_pending = self.window.pending_input.take().unwrap_or_default();
1269                if currently_pending.focus.is_some() && currently_pending.focus != self.window.focus
1270                {
1271                    currently_pending = PendingInput::default();
1272                }
1273                currently_pending.focus = self.window.focus;
1274                currently_pending
1275                    .keystrokes
1276                    .push(key_down_event.keystroke.clone());
1277                for binding in bindings {
1278                    currently_pending.bindings.push(binding);
1279                }
1280
1281                currently_pending.timer = Some(self.spawn(|mut cx| async move {
1282                    cx.background_executor.timer(Duration::from_secs(1)).await;
1283                    cx.update(move |cx| {
1284                        cx.clear_pending_keystrokes();
1285                        let Some(currently_pending) = cx.window.pending_input.take() else {
1286                            return;
1287                        };
1288                        cx.replay_pending_input(currently_pending)
1289                    })
1290                    .log_err();
1291                }));
1292                self.window.pending_input = Some(currently_pending);
1293
1294                self.propagate_event = false;
1295                return;
1296            } else if let Some(currently_pending) = self.window.pending_input.take() {
1297                if bindings
1298                    .iter()
1299                    .all(|binding| !currently_pending.used_by_binding(binding))
1300                {
1301                    self.replay_pending_input(currently_pending)
1302                }
1303            }
1304
1305            if !bindings.is_empty() {
1306                self.clear_pending_keystrokes();
1307            }
1308
1309            self.propagate_event = true;
1310            for binding in bindings {
1311                self.dispatch_action_on_node(node_id, binding.action.boxed_clone());
1312                if !self.propagate_event {
1313                    self.dispatch_keystroke_observers(event, Some(binding.action));
1314                    return;
1315                }
1316            }
1317        }
1318
1319        self.dispatch_key_down_up_event(event, &dispatch_path);
1320        if !self.propagate_event {
1321            return;
1322        }
1323
1324        self.dispatch_keystroke_observers(event, None);
1325    }
1326
1327    fn dispatch_key_down_up_event(
1328        &mut self,
1329        event: &dyn Any,
1330        dispatch_path: &SmallVec<[DispatchNodeId; 32]>,
1331    ) {
1332        // Capture phase
1333        for node_id in dispatch_path {
1334            let node = self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.node(*node_id);
1335
1336            for key_listener in node.key_listeners.clone() {
1337                self.with_element_context(|cx| {
1338                    key_listener(event, DispatchPhase::Capture, cx);
1339                });
1340                if !self.propagate_event {
1341                    return;
1342                }
1343            }
1344        }
1345
1346        // Bubble phase
1347        for node_id in dispatch_path.iter().rev() {
1348            // Handle low level key events
1349            let node = self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.node(*node_id);
1350            for key_listener in node.key_listeners.clone() {
1351                self.with_element_context(|cx| {
1352                    key_listener(event, DispatchPhase::Bubble, cx);
1353                });
1354                if !self.propagate_event {
1355                    return;
1356                }
1357            }
1358        }
1359    }
1360
1361    /// Determine whether a potential multi-stroke key binding is in progress on this window.
1362    pub fn has_pending_keystrokes(&self) -> bool {
1363        self.window
1364            .rendered_frame
1365            .dispatch_tree
1366            .has_pending_keystrokes()
1367    }
1368
1369    fn replay_pending_input(&mut self, currently_pending: PendingInput) {
1370        let node_id = self
1371            .window
1372            .focus
1373            .and_then(|focus_id| {
1374                self.window
1375                    .rendered_frame
1376                    .dispatch_tree
1377                    .focusable_node_id(focus_id)
1378            })
1379            .unwrap_or_else(|| self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.root_node_id());
1380
1381        if self.window.focus != currently_pending.focus {
1382            return;
1383        }
1384
1385        let input = currently_pending.input();
1386
1387        self.propagate_event = true;
1388        for binding in currently_pending.bindings {
1389            self.dispatch_action_on_node(node_id, binding.action.boxed_clone());
1390            if !self.propagate_event {
1391                return;
1392            }
1393        }
1394
1395        let dispatch_path = self
1396            .window
1397            .rendered_frame
1398            .dispatch_tree
1399            .dispatch_path(node_id);
1400
1401        for keystroke in currently_pending.keystrokes {
1402            let event = KeyDownEvent {
1403                keystroke,
1404                is_held: false,
1405            };
1406
1407            self.dispatch_key_down_up_event(&event, &dispatch_path);
1408            if !self.propagate_event {
1409                return;
1410            }
1411        }
1412
1413        if !input.is_empty() {
1414            if let Some(mut input_handler) = self.window.platform_window.take_input_handler() {
1415                input_handler.flush_pending_input(&input, self);
1416                self.window.platform_window.set_input_handler(input_handler)
1417            }
1418        }
1419    }
1420
1421    fn dispatch_action_on_node(&mut self, node_id: DispatchNodeId, action: Box<dyn Action>) {
1422        let dispatch_path = self
1423            .window
1424            .rendered_frame
1425            .dispatch_tree
1426            .dispatch_path(node_id);
1427
1428        // Capture phase
1429        for node_id in &dispatch_path {
1430            let node = self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.node(*node_id);
1431            for DispatchActionListener {
1432                action_type,
1433                listener,
1434            } in node.action_listeners.clone()
1435            {
1436                let any_action = action.as_any();
1437                if action_type == any_action.type_id() {
1438                    self.with_element_context(|cx| {
1439                        listener(any_action, DispatchPhase::Capture, cx);
1440                    });
1441
1442                    if !self.propagate_event {
1443                        return;
1444                    }
1445                }
1446            }
1447        }
1448        // Bubble phase
1449        for node_id in dispatch_path.iter().rev() {
1450            let node = self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.node(*node_id);
1451            for DispatchActionListener {
1452                action_type,
1453                listener,
1454            } in node.action_listeners.clone()
1455            {
1456                let any_action = action.as_any();
1457                if action_type == any_action.type_id() {
1458                    self.propagate_event = false; // Actions stop propagation by default during the bubble phase
1459
1460                    self.with_element_context(|cx| {
1461                        listener(any_action, DispatchPhase::Bubble, cx);
1462                    });
1463
1464                    if !self.propagate_event {
1465                        return;
1466                    }
1467                }
1468            }
1469        }
1470    }
1471
1472    /// Toggle the graphics profiler to debug your application's rendering performance.
1473    pub fn toggle_graphics_profiler(&mut self) {
1474        self.window.graphics_profiler_enabled = !self.window.graphics_profiler_enabled;
1475        self.window
1476            .platform_window
1477            .set_graphics_profiler_enabled(self.window.graphics_profiler_enabled);
1478    }
1479
1480    /// Register the given handler to be invoked whenever the global of the given type
1481    /// is updated.
1482    pub fn observe_global<G: Global>(
1483        &mut self,
1484        f: impl Fn(&mut WindowContext<'_>) + 'static,
1485    ) -> Subscription {
1486        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
1487        let (subscription, activate) = self.global_observers.insert(
1488            TypeId::of::<G>(),
1489            Box::new(move |cx| window_handle.update(cx, |_, cx| f(cx)).is_ok()),
1490        );
1491        self.app.defer(move |_| activate());
1492        subscription
1493    }
1494
1495    /// Focus the current window and bring it to the foreground at the platform level.
1496    pub fn activate_window(&self) {
1497        self.window.platform_window.activate();
1498    }
1499
1500    /// Minimize the current window at the platform level.
1501    pub fn minimize_window(&self) {
1502        self.window.platform_window.minimize();
1503    }
1504
1505    /// Toggle full screen status on the current window at the platform level.
1506    pub fn toggle_full_screen(&self) {
1507        self.window.platform_window.toggle_full_screen();
1508    }
1509
1510    /// Present a platform dialog.
1511    /// The provided message will be presented, along with buttons for each answer.
1512    /// When a button is clicked, the returned Receiver will receive the index of the clicked button.
1513    pub fn prompt(
1514        &self,
1515        level: PromptLevel,
1516        message: &str,
1517        detail: Option<&str>,
1518        answers: &[&str],
1519    ) -> oneshot::Receiver<usize> {
1520        self.window
1521            .platform_window
1522            .prompt(level, message, detail, answers)
1523    }
1524
1525    /// Returns all available actions for the focused element.
1526    pub fn available_actions(&self) -> Vec<Box<dyn Action>> {
1527        let node_id = self
1528            .window
1529            .focus
1530            .and_then(|focus_id| {
1531                self.window
1532                    .rendered_frame
1533                    .dispatch_tree
1534                    .focusable_node_id(focus_id)
1535            })
1536            .unwrap_or_else(|| self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.root_node_id());
1537
1538        self.window
1539            .rendered_frame
1540            .dispatch_tree
1541            .available_actions(node_id)
1542    }
1543
1544    /// Returns key bindings that invoke the given action on the currently focused element.
1545    pub fn bindings_for_action(&self, action: &dyn Action) -> Vec<KeyBinding> {
1546        self.window
1547            .rendered_frame
1548            .dispatch_tree
1549            .bindings_for_action(
1550                action,
1551                &self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.context_stack,
1552            )
1553    }
1554
1555    /// Returns any bindings that would invoke the given action on the given focus handle if it were focused.
1556    pub fn bindings_for_action_in(
1557        &self,
1558        action: &dyn Action,
1559        focus_handle: &FocusHandle,
1560    ) -> Vec<KeyBinding> {
1561        let dispatch_tree = &self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree;
1562
1563        let Some(node_id) = dispatch_tree.focusable_node_id(focus_handle.id) else {
1564            return vec![];
1565        };
1566        let context_stack: Vec<_> = dispatch_tree
1567            .dispatch_path(node_id)
1568            .into_iter()
1569            .filter_map(|node_id| dispatch_tree.node(node_id).context.clone())
1570            .collect();
1571        dispatch_tree.bindings_for_action(action, &context_stack)
1572    }
1573
1574    /// Returns a generic event listener that invokes the given listener with the view and context associated with the given view handle.
1575    pub fn listener_for<V: Render, E>(
1576        &self,
1577        view: &View<V>,
1578        f: impl Fn(&mut V, &E, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
1579    ) -> impl Fn(&E, &mut WindowContext) + 'static {
1580        let view = view.downgrade();
1581        move |e: &E, cx: &mut WindowContext| {
1582            view.update(cx, |view, cx| f(view, e, cx)).ok();
1583        }
1584    }
1585
1586    /// Returns a generic handler that invokes the given handler with the view and context associated with the given view handle.
1587    pub fn handler_for<V: Render>(
1588        &self,
1589        view: &View<V>,
1590        f: impl Fn(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
1591    ) -> impl Fn(&mut WindowContext) {
1592        let view = view.downgrade();
1593        move |cx: &mut WindowContext| {
1594            view.update(cx, |view, cx| f(view, cx)).ok();
1595        }
1596    }
1597
1598    /// Register a callback that can interrupt the closing of the current window based the returned boolean.
1599    /// If the callback returns false, the window won't be closed.
1600    pub fn on_window_should_close(&mut self, f: impl Fn(&mut WindowContext) -> bool + 'static) {
1601        let mut this = self.to_async();
1602        self.window
1603            .platform_window
1604            .on_should_close(Box::new(move || this.update(|cx| f(cx)).unwrap_or(true)))
1605    }
1606
1607    pub(crate) fn parent_view_id(&self) -> EntityId {
1608        *self
1609            .window
1610            .next_frame
1611            .view_stack
1612            .last()
1613            .expect("a view should always be on the stack while drawing")
1614    }
1615
1616    /// Register an action listener on the window for the next frame. The type of action
1617    /// is determined by the first parameter of the given listener. When the next frame is rendered
1618    /// the listener will be cleared.
1619    ///
1620    /// This is a fairly low-level method, so prefer using action handlers on elements unless you have
1621    /// a specific need to register a global listener.
1622    pub fn on_action(
1623        &mut self,
1624        action_type: TypeId,
1625        listener: impl Fn(&dyn Any, DispatchPhase, &mut WindowContext) + 'static,
1626    ) {
1627        self.window
1628            .next_frame
1629            .dispatch_tree
1630            .on_action(action_type, Rc::new(listener));
1631    }
1632}
1633
1634impl Context for WindowContext<'_> {
1635    type Result<T> = T;
1636
1637    fn new_model<T>(&mut self, build_model: impl FnOnce(&mut ModelContext<'_, T>) -> T) -> Model<T>
1638    where
1639        T: 'static,
1640    {
1641        let slot = self.app.entities.reserve();
1642        let model = build_model(&mut ModelContext::new(&mut *self.app, slot.downgrade()));
1643        self.entities.insert(slot, model)
1644    }
1645
1646    fn update_model<T: 'static, R>(
1647        &mut self,
1648        model: &Model<T>,
1649        update: impl FnOnce(&mut T, &mut ModelContext<'_, T>) -> R,
1650    ) -> R {
1651        let mut entity = self.entities.lease(model);
1652        let result = update(
1653            &mut *entity,
1654            &mut ModelContext::new(&mut *self.app, model.downgrade()),
1655        );
1656        self.entities.end_lease(entity);
1657        result
1658    }
1659
1660    fn update_window<T, F>(&mut self, window: AnyWindowHandle, update: F) -> Result<T>
1661    where
1662        F: FnOnce(AnyView, &mut WindowContext<'_>) -> T,
1663    {
1664        if window == self.window.handle {
1665            let root_view = self.window.root_view.clone().unwrap();
1666            Ok(update(root_view, self))
1667        } else {
1668            window.update(self.app, update)
1669        }
1670    }
1671
1672    fn read_model<T, R>(
1673        &self,
1674        handle: &Model<T>,
1675        read: impl FnOnce(&T, &AppContext) -> R,
1676    ) -> Self::Result<R>
1677    where
1678        T: 'static,
1679    {
1680        let entity = self.entities.read(handle);
1681        read(entity, &*self.app)
1682    }
1683
1684    fn read_window<T, R>(
1685        &self,
1686        window: &WindowHandle<T>,
1687        read: impl FnOnce(View<T>, &AppContext) -> R,
1688    ) -> Result<R>
1689    where
1690        T: 'static,
1691    {
1692        if window.any_handle == self.window.handle {
1693            let root_view = self
1694                .window
1695                .root_view
1696                .clone()
1697                .unwrap()
1698                .downcast::<T>()
1699                .map_err(|_| anyhow!("the type of the window's root view has changed"))?;
1700            Ok(read(root_view, self))
1701        } else {
1702            self.app.read_window(window, read)
1703        }
1704    }
1705}
1706
1707impl VisualContext for WindowContext<'_> {
1708    fn new_view<V>(
1709        &mut self,
1710        build_view_state: impl FnOnce(&mut ViewContext<'_, V>) -> V,
1711    ) -> Self::Result<View<V>>
1712    where
1713        V: 'static + Render,
1714    {
1715        let slot = self.app.entities.reserve();
1716        let view = View {
1717            model: slot.clone(),
1718        };
1719        let mut cx = ViewContext::new(&mut *self.app, &mut *self.window, &view);
1720        let entity = build_view_state(&mut cx);
1721        cx.entities.insert(slot, entity);
1722
1723        // Non-generic part to avoid leaking SubscriberSet to invokers of `new_view`.
1724        fn notify_observers(cx: &mut WindowContext, tid: TypeId, view: AnyView) {
1725            cx.new_view_observers.clone().retain(&tid, |observer| {
1726                let any_view = view.clone();
1727                (observer)(any_view, cx);
1728                true
1729            });
1730        }
1731        notify_observers(self, TypeId::of::<V>(), AnyView::from(view.clone()));
1732
1733        view
1734    }
1735
1736    /// Updates the given view. Prefer calling [`View::update`] instead, which calls this method.
1737    fn update_view<T: 'static, R>(
1738        &mut self,
1739        view: &View<T>,
1740        update: impl FnOnce(&mut T, &mut ViewContext<'_, T>) -> R,
1741    ) -> Self::Result<R> {
1742        let mut lease = self.app.entities.lease(&view.model);
1743        let mut cx = ViewContext::new(&mut *self.app, &mut *self.window, view);
1744        let result = update(&mut *lease, &mut cx);
1745        cx.app.entities.end_lease(lease);
1746        result
1747    }
1748
1749    fn replace_root_view<V>(
1750        &mut self,
1751        build_view: impl FnOnce(&mut ViewContext<'_, V>) -> V,
1752    ) -> Self::Result<View<V>>
1753    where
1754        V: 'static + Render,
1755    {
1756        let view = self.new_view(build_view);
1757        self.window.root_view = Some(view.clone().into());
1758        self.refresh();
1759        view
1760    }
1761
1762    fn focus_view<V: crate::FocusableView>(&mut self, view: &View<V>) -> Self::Result<()> {
1763        self.update_view(view, |view, cx| {
1764            view.focus_handle(cx).clone().focus(cx);
1765        })
1766    }
1767
1768    fn dismiss_view<V>(&mut self, view: &View<V>) -> Self::Result<()>
1769    where
1770        V: ManagedView,
1771    {
1772        self.update_view(view, |_, cx| cx.emit(DismissEvent))
1773    }
1774}
1775
1776impl<'a> std::ops::Deref for WindowContext<'a> {
1777    type Target = AppContext;
1778
1779    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
1780        self.app
1781    }
1782}
1783
1784impl<'a> std::ops::DerefMut for WindowContext<'a> {
1785    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
1786        self.app
1787    }
1788}
1789
1790impl<'a> Borrow<AppContext> for WindowContext<'a> {
1791    fn borrow(&self) -> &AppContext {
1792        self.app
1793    }
1794}
1795
1796impl<'a> BorrowMut<AppContext> for WindowContext<'a> {
1797    fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut AppContext {
1798        self.app
1799    }
1800}
1801
1802/// This trait contains functionality that is shared across [`ViewContext`] and [`WindowContext`]
1803pub trait BorrowWindow: BorrowMut<Window> + BorrowMut<AppContext> {
1804    #[doc(hidden)]
1805    fn app_mut(&mut self) -> &mut AppContext {
1806        self.borrow_mut()
1807    }
1808
1809    #[doc(hidden)]
1810    fn app(&self) -> &AppContext {
1811        self.borrow()
1812    }
1813
1814    #[doc(hidden)]
1815    fn window(&self) -> &Window {
1816        self.borrow()
1817    }
1818
1819    #[doc(hidden)]
1820    fn window_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Window {
1821        self.borrow_mut()
1822    }
1823}
1824
1825impl Borrow<Window> for WindowContext<'_> {
1826    fn borrow(&self) -> &Window {
1827        self.window
1828    }
1829}
1830
1831impl BorrowMut<Window> for WindowContext<'_> {
1832    fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Window {
1833        self.window
1834    }
1835}
1836
1837impl<T> BorrowWindow for T where T: BorrowMut<AppContext> + BorrowMut<Window> {}
1838
1839/// Provides access to application state that is specialized for a particular [`View`].
1840/// Allows you to interact with focus, emit events, etc.
1841/// ViewContext also derefs to [`WindowContext`], giving you access to all of its methods as well.
1842/// When you call [`View::update`], you're passed a `&mut V` and an `&mut ViewContext<V>`.
1843pub struct ViewContext<'a, V> {
1844    window_cx: WindowContext<'a>,
1845    view: &'a View<V>,
1846}
1847
1848impl<V> Borrow<AppContext> for ViewContext<'_, V> {
1849    fn borrow(&self) -> &AppContext {
1850        &*self.window_cx.app
1851    }
1852}
1853
1854impl<V> BorrowMut<AppContext> for ViewContext<'_, V> {
1855    fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut AppContext {
1856        &mut *self.window_cx.app
1857    }
1858}
1859
1860impl<V> Borrow<Window> for ViewContext<'_, V> {
1861    fn borrow(&self) -> &Window {
1862        &*self.window_cx.window
1863    }
1864}
1865
1866impl<V> BorrowMut<Window> for ViewContext<'_, V> {
1867    fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Window {
1868        &mut *self.window_cx.window
1869    }
1870}
1871
1872impl<'a, V: 'static> ViewContext<'a, V> {
1873    pub(crate) fn new(app: &'a mut AppContext, window: &'a mut Window, view: &'a View<V>) -> Self {
1874        Self {
1875            window_cx: WindowContext::new(app, window),
1876            view,
1877        }
1878    }
1879
1880    /// Get the entity_id of this view.
1881    pub fn entity_id(&self) -> EntityId {
1882        self.view.entity_id()
1883    }
1884
1885    /// Get the view pointer underlying this context.
1886    pub fn view(&self) -> &View<V> {
1887        self.view
1888    }
1889
1890    /// Get the model underlying this view.
1891    pub fn model(&self) -> &Model<V> {
1892        &self.view.model
1893    }
1894
1895    /// Access the underlying window context.
1896    pub fn window_context(&mut self) -> &mut WindowContext<'a> {
1897        &mut self.window_cx
1898    }
1899
1900    /// Sets a given callback to be run on the next frame.
1901    pub fn on_next_frame(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static)
1902    where
1903        V: 'static,
1904    {
1905        let view = self.view().clone();
1906        self.window_cx.on_next_frame(move |cx| view.update(cx, f));
1907    }
1908
1909    /// Schedules the given function to be run at the end of the current effect cycle, allowing entities
1910    /// that are currently on the stack to be returned to the app.
1911    pub fn defer(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static) {
1912        let view = self.view().downgrade();
1913        self.window_cx.defer(move |cx| {
1914            view.update(cx, f).ok();
1915        });
1916    }
1917
1918    /// Observe another model or view for changes to its state, as tracked by [`ModelContext::notify`].
1919    pub fn observe<V2, E>(
1920        &mut self,
1921        entity: &E,
1922        mut on_notify: impl FnMut(&mut V, E, &mut ViewContext<'_, V>) + 'static,
1923    ) -> Subscription
1924    where
1925        V2: 'static,
1926        V: 'static,
1927        E: Entity<V2>,
1928    {
1929        let view = self.view().downgrade();
1930        let entity_id = entity.entity_id();
1931        let entity = entity.downgrade();
1932        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
1933        self.app.new_observer(
1934            entity_id,
1935            Box::new(move |cx| {
1936                window_handle
1937                    .update(cx, |_, cx| {
1938                        if let Some(handle) = E::upgrade_from(&entity) {
1939                            view.update(cx, |this, cx| on_notify(this, handle, cx))
1940                                .is_ok()
1941                        } else {
1942                            false
1943                        }
1944                    })
1945                    .unwrap_or(false)
1946            }),
1947        )
1948    }
1949
1950    /// Subscribe to events emitted by another model or view.
1951    /// The entity to which you're subscribing must implement the [`EventEmitter`] trait.
1952    /// The callback will be invoked with a reference to the current view, a handle to the emitting entity (either a [`View`] or [`Model`]), the event, and a view context for the current view.
1953    pub fn subscribe<V2, E, Evt>(
1954        &mut self,
1955        entity: &E,
1956        mut on_event: impl FnMut(&mut V, E, &Evt, &mut ViewContext<'_, V>) + 'static,
1957    ) -> Subscription
1958    where
1959        V2: EventEmitter<Evt>,
1960        E: Entity<V2>,
1961        Evt: 'static,
1962    {
1963        let view = self.view().downgrade();
1964        let entity_id = entity.entity_id();
1965        let handle = entity.downgrade();
1966        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
1967        self.app.new_subscription(
1968            entity_id,
1969            (
1970                TypeId::of::<Evt>(),
1971                Box::new(move |event, cx| {
1972                    window_handle
1973                        .update(cx, |_, cx| {
1974                            if let Some(handle) = E::upgrade_from(&handle) {
1975                                let event = event.downcast_ref().expect("invalid event type");
1976                                view.update(cx, |this, cx| on_event(this, handle, event, cx))
1977                                    .is_ok()
1978                            } else {
1979                                false
1980                            }
1981                        })
1982                        .unwrap_or(false)
1983                }),
1984            ),
1985        )
1986    }
1987
1988    /// Register a callback to be invoked when the view is released.
1989    ///
1990    /// The callback receives a handle to the view's window. This handle may be
1991    /// invalid, if the window was closed before the view was released.
1992    pub fn on_release(
1993        &mut self,
1994        on_release: impl FnOnce(&mut V, AnyWindowHandle, &mut AppContext) + 'static,
1995    ) -> Subscription {
1996        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
1997        let (subscription, activate) = self.app.release_listeners.insert(
1998            self.view.model.entity_id,
1999            Box::new(move |this, cx| {
2000                let this = this.downcast_mut().expect("invalid entity type");
2001                on_release(this, window_handle, cx)
2002            }),
2003        );
2004        activate();
2005        subscription
2006    }
2007
2008    /// Register a callback to be invoked when the given Model or View is released.
2009    pub fn observe_release<V2, E>(
2010        &mut self,
2011        entity: &E,
2012        mut on_release: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut V2, &mut ViewContext<'_, V>) + 'static,
2013    ) -> Subscription
2014    where
2015        V: 'static,
2016        V2: 'static,
2017        E: Entity<V2>,
2018    {
2019        let view = self.view().downgrade();
2020        let entity_id = entity.entity_id();
2021        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
2022        let (subscription, activate) = self.app.release_listeners.insert(
2023            entity_id,
2024            Box::new(move |entity, cx| {
2025                let entity = entity.downcast_mut().expect("invalid entity type");
2026                let _ = window_handle.update(cx, |_, cx| {
2027                    view.update(cx, |this, cx| on_release(this, entity, cx))
2028                });
2029            }),
2030        );
2031        activate();
2032        subscription
2033    }
2034
2035    /// Indicate that this view has changed, which will invoke any observers and also mark the window as dirty.
2036    /// If this view or any of its ancestors are *cached*, notifying it will cause it or its ancestors to be redrawn.
2037    pub fn notify(&mut self) {
2038        for view_id in self
2039            .window
2040            .rendered_frame
2041            .dispatch_tree
2042            .view_path(self.view.entity_id())
2043            .into_iter()
2044            .rev()
2045        {
2046            if !self.window.dirty_views.insert(view_id) {
2047                break;
2048            }
2049        }
2050
2051        if !self.window.drawing {
2052            self.window_cx.window.dirty.set(true);
2053            self.window_cx.app.push_effect(Effect::Notify {
2054                emitter: self.view.model.entity_id,
2055            });
2056        }
2057    }
2058
2059    /// Register a callback to be invoked when the window is resized.
2060    pub fn observe_window_bounds(
2061        &mut self,
2062        mut callback: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2063    ) -> Subscription {
2064        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2065        let (subscription, activate) = self.window.bounds_observers.insert(
2066            (),
2067            Box::new(move |cx| view.update(cx, |view, cx| callback(view, cx)).is_ok()),
2068        );
2069        activate();
2070        subscription
2071    }
2072
2073    /// Register a callback to be invoked when the window is activated or deactivated.
2074    pub fn observe_window_activation(
2075        &mut self,
2076        mut callback: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2077    ) -> Subscription {
2078        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2079        let (subscription, activate) = self.window.activation_observers.insert(
2080            (),
2081            Box::new(move |cx| view.update(cx, |view, cx| callback(view, cx)).is_ok()),
2082        );
2083        activate();
2084        subscription
2085    }
2086
2087    /// Registers a callback to be invoked when the window appearance changes.
2088    pub fn observe_window_appearance(
2089        &mut self,
2090        mut callback: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2091    ) -> Subscription {
2092        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2093        let (subscription, activate) = self.window.appearance_observers.insert(
2094            (),
2095            Box::new(move |cx| view.update(cx, |view, cx| callback(view, cx)).is_ok()),
2096        );
2097        activate();
2098        subscription
2099    }
2100
2101    /// Register a listener to be called when the given focus handle receives focus.
2102    /// Returns a subscription and persists until the subscription is dropped.
2103    pub fn on_focus(
2104        &mut self,
2105        handle: &FocusHandle,
2106        mut listener: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2107    ) -> Subscription {
2108        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2109        let focus_id = handle.id;
2110        let (subscription, activate) =
2111            self.window.new_focus_listener(Box::new(move |event, cx| {
2112                view.update(cx, |view, cx| {
2113                    if event.previous_focus_path.last() != Some(&focus_id)
2114                        && event.current_focus_path.last() == Some(&focus_id)
2115                    {
2116                        listener(view, cx)
2117                    }
2118                })
2119                .is_ok()
2120            }));
2121        self.app.defer(|_| activate());
2122        subscription
2123    }
2124
2125    /// Register a listener to be called when the given focus handle or one of its descendants receives focus.
2126    /// Returns a subscription and persists until the subscription is dropped.
2127    pub fn on_focus_in(
2128        &mut self,
2129        handle: &FocusHandle,
2130        mut listener: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2131    ) -> Subscription {
2132        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2133        let focus_id = handle.id;
2134        let (subscription, activate) =
2135            self.window.new_focus_listener(Box::new(move |event, cx| {
2136                view.update(cx, |view, cx| {
2137                    if !event.previous_focus_path.contains(&focus_id)
2138                        && event.current_focus_path.contains(&focus_id)
2139                    {
2140                        listener(view, cx)
2141                    }
2142                })
2143                .is_ok()
2144            }));
2145        self.app.defer(move |_| activate());
2146        subscription
2147    }
2148
2149    /// Register a listener to be called when the given focus handle loses focus.
2150    /// Returns a subscription and persists until the subscription is dropped.
2151    pub fn on_blur(
2152        &mut self,
2153        handle: &FocusHandle,
2154        mut listener: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2155    ) -> Subscription {
2156        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2157        let focus_id = handle.id;
2158        let (subscription, activate) =
2159            self.window.new_focus_listener(Box::new(move |event, cx| {
2160                view.update(cx, |view, cx| {
2161                    if event.previous_focus_path.last() == Some(&focus_id)
2162                        && event.current_focus_path.last() != Some(&focus_id)
2163                    {
2164                        listener(view, cx)
2165                    }
2166                })
2167                .is_ok()
2168            }));
2169        self.app.defer(move |_| activate());
2170        subscription
2171    }
2172
2173    /// Register a listener to be called when nothing in the window has focus.
2174    /// This typically happens when the node that was focused is removed from the tree,
2175    /// and this callback lets you chose a default place to restore the users focus.
2176    /// Returns a subscription and persists until the subscription is dropped.
2177    pub fn on_focus_lost(
2178        &mut self,
2179        mut listener: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2180    ) -> Subscription {
2181        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2182        let (subscription, activate) = self.window.focus_lost_listeners.insert(
2183            (),
2184            Box::new(move |cx| view.update(cx, |view, cx| listener(view, cx)).is_ok()),
2185        );
2186        activate();
2187        subscription
2188    }
2189
2190    /// Register a listener to be called when the given focus handle or one of its descendants loses focus.
2191    /// Returns a subscription and persists until the subscription is dropped.
2192    pub fn on_focus_out(
2193        &mut self,
2194        handle: &FocusHandle,
2195        mut listener: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2196    ) -> Subscription {
2197        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2198        let focus_id = handle.id;
2199        let (subscription, activate) =
2200            self.window.new_focus_listener(Box::new(move |event, cx| {
2201                view.update(cx, |view, cx| {
2202                    if event.previous_focus_path.contains(&focus_id)
2203                        && !event.current_focus_path.contains(&focus_id)
2204                    {
2205                        listener(view, cx)
2206                    }
2207                })
2208                .is_ok()
2209            }));
2210        self.app.defer(move |_| activate());
2211        subscription
2212    }
2213
2214    /// Schedule a future to be run asynchronously.
2215    /// The given callback is invoked with a [`WeakView<V>`] to avoid leaking the view for a long-running process.
2216    /// It's also given an [`AsyncWindowContext`], which can be used to access the state of the view across await points.
2217    /// The returned future will be polled on the main thread.
2218    pub fn spawn<Fut, R>(
2219        &mut self,
2220        f: impl FnOnce(WeakView<V>, AsyncWindowContext) -> Fut,
2221    ) -> Task<R>
2222    where
2223        R: 'static,
2224        Fut: Future<Output = R> + 'static,
2225    {
2226        let view = self.view().downgrade();
2227        self.window_cx.spawn(|cx| f(view, cx))
2228    }
2229
2230    /// Updates the global state of the given type.
2231    pub fn update_global<G, R>(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut G, &mut Self) -> R) -> R
2232    where
2233        G: Global,
2234    {
2235        let mut global = self.app.lease_global::<G>();
2236        let result = f(&mut global, self);
2237        self.app.end_global_lease(global);
2238        result
2239    }
2240
2241    /// Register a callback to be invoked when the given global state changes.
2242    pub fn observe_global<G: Global>(
2243        &mut self,
2244        mut f: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<'_, V>) + 'static,
2245    ) -> Subscription {
2246        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
2247        let view = self.view().downgrade();
2248        let (subscription, activate) = self.global_observers.insert(
2249            TypeId::of::<G>(),
2250            Box::new(move |cx| {
2251                window_handle
2252                    .update(cx, |_, cx| view.update(cx, |view, cx| f(view, cx)).is_ok())
2253                    .unwrap_or(false)
2254            }),
2255        );
2256        self.app.defer(move |_| activate());
2257        subscription
2258    }
2259
2260    /// Register a callback to be invoked when the given Action type is dispatched to the window.
2261    pub fn on_action(
2262        &mut self,
2263        action_type: TypeId,
2264        listener: impl Fn(&mut V, &dyn Any, DispatchPhase, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2265    ) {
2266        let handle = self.view().clone();
2267        self.window_cx
2268            .on_action(action_type, move |action, phase, cx| {
2269                handle.update(cx, |view, cx| {
2270                    listener(view, action, phase, cx);
2271                })
2272            });
2273    }
2274
2275    /// Emit an event to be handled any other views that have subscribed via [ViewContext::subscribe].
2276    pub fn emit<Evt>(&mut self, event: Evt)
2277    where
2278        Evt: 'static,
2279        V: EventEmitter<Evt>,
2280    {
2281        let emitter = self.view.model.entity_id;
2282        self.app.push_effect(Effect::Emit {
2283            emitter,
2284            event_type: TypeId::of::<Evt>(),
2285            event: Box::new(event),
2286        });
2287    }
2288
2289    /// Move focus to the current view, assuming it implements [`FocusableView`].
2290    pub fn focus_self(&mut self)
2291    where
2292        V: FocusableView,
2293    {
2294        self.defer(|view, cx| view.focus_handle(cx).focus(cx))
2295    }
2296
2297    /// Convenience method for accessing view state in an event callback.
2298    ///
2299    /// Many GPUI callbacks take the form of `Fn(&E, &mut WindowContext)`,
2300    /// but it's often useful to be able to access view state in these
2301    /// callbacks. This method provides a convenient way to do so.
2302    pub fn listener<E>(
2303        &self,
2304        f: impl Fn(&mut V, &E, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2305    ) -> impl Fn(&E, &mut WindowContext) + 'static {
2306        let view = self.view().downgrade();
2307        move |e: &E, cx: &mut WindowContext| {
2308            view.update(cx, |view, cx| f(view, e, cx)).ok();
2309        }
2310    }
2311}
2312
2313impl<V> Context for ViewContext<'_, V> {
2314    type Result<U> = U;
2315
2316    fn new_model<T: 'static>(
2317        &mut self,
2318        build_model: impl FnOnce(&mut ModelContext<'_, T>) -> T,
2319    ) -> Model<T> {
2320        self.window_cx.new_model(build_model)
2321    }
2322
2323    fn update_model<T: 'static, R>(
2324        &mut self,
2325        model: &Model<T>,
2326        update: impl FnOnce(&mut T, &mut ModelContext<'_, T>) -> R,
2327    ) -> R {
2328        self.window_cx.update_model(model, update)
2329    }
2330
2331    fn update_window<T, F>(&mut self, window: AnyWindowHandle, update: F) -> Result<T>
2332    where
2333        F: FnOnce(AnyView, &mut WindowContext<'_>) -> T,
2334    {
2335        self.window_cx.update_window(window, update)
2336    }
2337
2338    fn read_model<T, R>(
2339        &self,
2340        handle: &Model<T>,
2341        read: impl FnOnce(&T, &AppContext) -> R,
2342    ) -> Self::Result<R>
2343    where
2344        T: 'static,
2345    {
2346        self.window_cx.read_model(handle, read)
2347    }
2348
2349    fn read_window<T, R>(
2350        &self,
2351        window: &WindowHandle<T>,
2352        read: impl FnOnce(View<T>, &AppContext) -> R,
2353    ) -> Result<R>
2354    where
2355        T: 'static,
2356    {
2357        self.window_cx.read_window(window, read)
2358    }
2359}
2360
2361impl<V: 'static> VisualContext for ViewContext<'_, V> {
2362    fn new_view<W: Render + 'static>(
2363        &mut self,
2364        build_view_state: impl FnOnce(&mut ViewContext<'_, W>) -> W,
2365    ) -> Self::Result<View<W>> {
2366        self.window_cx.new_view(build_view_state)
2367    }
2368
2369    fn update_view<V2: 'static, R>(
2370        &mut self,
2371        view: &View<V2>,
2372        update: impl FnOnce(&mut V2, &mut ViewContext<'_, V2>) -> R,
2373    ) -> Self::Result<R> {
2374        self.window_cx.update_view(view, update)
2375    }
2376
2377    fn replace_root_view<W>(
2378        &mut self,
2379        build_view: impl FnOnce(&mut ViewContext<'_, W>) -> W,
2380    ) -> Self::Result<View<W>>
2381    where
2382        W: 'static + Render,
2383    {
2384        self.window_cx.replace_root_view(build_view)
2385    }
2386
2387    fn focus_view<W: FocusableView>(&mut self, view: &View<W>) -> Self::Result<()> {
2388        self.window_cx.focus_view(view)
2389    }
2390
2391    fn dismiss_view<W: ManagedView>(&mut self, view: &View<W>) -> Self::Result<()> {
2392        self.window_cx.dismiss_view(view)
2393    }
2394}
2395
2396impl<'a, V> std::ops::Deref for ViewContext<'a, V> {
2397    type Target = WindowContext<'a>;
2398
2399    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
2400        &self.window_cx
2401    }
2402}
2403
2404impl<'a, V> std::ops::DerefMut for ViewContext<'a, V> {
2405    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
2406        &mut self.window_cx
2407    }
2408}
2409
2410// #[derive(Clone, Copy, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
2411slotmap::new_key_type! {
2412    /// A unique identifier for a window.
2413    pub struct WindowId;
2414}
2415
2416impl WindowId {
2417    /// Converts this window ID to a `u64`.
2418    pub fn as_u64(&self) -> u64 {
2419        self.0.as_ffi()
2420    }
2421}
2422
2423/// A handle to a window with a specific root view type.
2424/// Note that this does not keep the window alive on its own.
2425#[derive(Deref, DerefMut)]
2426pub struct WindowHandle<V> {
2427    #[deref]
2428    #[deref_mut]
2429    pub(crate) any_handle: AnyWindowHandle,
2430    state_type: PhantomData<V>,
2431}
2432
2433impl<V: 'static + Render> WindowHandle<V> {
2434    /// Creates a new handle from a window ID.
2435    /// This does not check if the root type of the window is `V`.
2436    pub fn new(id: WindowId) -> Self {
2437        WindowHandle {
2438            any_handle: AnyWindowHandle {
2439                id,
2440                state_type: TypeId::of::<V>(),
2441            },
2442            state_type: PhantomData,
2443        }
2444    }
2445
2446    /// Get the root view out of this window.
2447    ///
2448    /// This will fail if the window is closed or if the root view's type does not match `V`.
2449    pub fn root<C>(&self, cx: &mut C) -> Result<View<V>>
2450    where
2451        C: Context,
2452    {
2453        Flatten::flatten(cx.update_window(self.any_handle, |root_view, _| {
2454            root_view
2455                .downcast::<V>()
2456                .map_err(|_| anyhow!("the type of the window's root view has changed"))
2457        }))
2458    }
2459
2460    /// Updates the root view of this window.
2461    ///
2462    /// This will fail if the window has been closed or if the root view's type does not match
2463    pub fn update<C, R>(
2464        &self,
2465        cx: &mut C,
2466        update: impl FnOnce(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<'_, V>) -> R,
2467    ) -> Result<R>
2468    where
2469        C: Context,
2470    {
2471        cx.update_window(self.any_handle, |root_view, cx| {
2472            let view = root_view
2473                .downcast::<V>()
2474                .map_err(|_| anyhow!("the type of the window's root view has changed"))?;
2475            Ok(cx.update_view(&view, update))
2476        })?
2477    }
2478
2479    /// Read the root view out of this window.
2480    ///
2481    /// This will fail if the window is closed or if the root view's type does not match `V`.
2482    pub fn read<'a>(&self, cx: &'a AppContext) -> Result<&'a V> {
2483        let x = cx
2484            .windows
2485            .get(self.id)
2486            .and_then(|window| {
2487                window
2488                    .as_ref()
2489                    .and_then(|window| window.root_view.clone())
2490                    .map(|root_view| root_view.downcast::<V>())
2491            })
2492            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("window not found"))?
2493            .map_err(|_| anyhow!("the type of the window's root view has changed"))?;
2494
2495        Ok(x.read(cx))
2496    }
2497
2498    /// Read the root view out of this window, with a callback
2499    ///
2500    /// This will fail if the window is closed or if the root view's type does not match `V`.
2501    pub fn read_with<C, R>(&self, cx: &C, read_with: impl FnOnce(&V, &AppContext) -> R) -> Result<R>
2502    where
2503        C: Context,
2504    {
2505        cx.read_window(self, |root_view, cx| read_with(root_view.read(cx), cx))
2506    }
2507
2508    /// Read the root view pointer off of this window.
2509    ///
2510    /// This will fail if the window is closed or if the root view's type does not match `V`.
2511    pub fn root_view<C>(&self, cx: &C) -> Result<View<V>>
2512    where
2513        C: Context,
2514    {
2515        cx.read_window(self, |root_view, _cx| root_view.clone())
2516    }
2517
2518    /// Check if this window is 'active'.
2519    ///
2520    /// Will return `None` if the window is closed.
2521    pub fn is_active(&self, cx: &AppContext) -> Option<bool> {
2522        cx.windows
2523            .get(self.id)
2524            .and_then(|window| window.as_ref().map(|window| window.active.get()))
2525    }
2526}
2527
2528impl<V> Copy for WindowHandle<V> {}
2529
2530impl<V> Clone for WindowHandle<V> {
2531    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
2532        *self
2533    }
2534}
2535
2536impl<V> PartialEq for WindowHandle<V> {
2537    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
2538        self.any_handle == other.any_handle
2539    }
2540}
2541
2542impl<V> Eq for WindowHandle<V> {}
2543
2544impl<V> Hash for WindowHandle<V> {
2545    fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
2546        self.any_handle.hash(state);
2547    }
2548}
2549
2550impl<V: 'static> From<WindowHandle<V>> for AnyWindowHandle {
2551    fn from(val: WindowHandle<V>) -> Self {
2552        val.any_handle
2553    }
2554}
2555
2556/// A handle to a window with any root view type, which can be downcast to a window with a specific root view type.
2557#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
2558pub struct AnyWindowHandle {
2559    pub(crate) id: WindowId,
2560    state_type: TypeId,
2561}
2562
2563impl AnyWindowHandle {
2564    /// Get the ID of this window.
2565    pub fn window_id(&self) -> WindowId {
2566        self.id
2567    }
2568
2569    /// Attempt to convert this handle to a window handle with a specific root view type.
2570    /// If the types do not match, this will return `None`.
2571    pub fn downcast<T: 'static>(&self) -> Option<WindowHandle<T>> {
2572        if TypeId::of::<T>() == self.state_type {
2573            Some(WindowHandle {
2574                any_handle: *self,
2575                state_type: PhantomData,
2576            })
2577        } else {
2578            None
2579        }
2580    }
2581
2582    /// Updates the state of the root view of this window.
2583    ///
2584    /// This will fail if the window has been closed.
2585    pub fn update<C, R>(
2586        self,
2587        cx: &mut C,
2588        update: impl FnOnce(AnyView, &mut WindowContext<'_>) -> R,
2589    ) -> Result<R>
2590    where
2591        C: Context,
2592    {
2593        cx.update_window(self, update)
2594    }
2595
2596    /// Read the state of the root view of this window.
2597    ///
2598    /// This will fail if the window has been closed.
2599    pub fn read<T, C, R>(self, cx: &C, read: impl FnOnce(View<T>, &AppContext) -> R) -> Result<R>
2600    where
2601        C: Context,
2602        T: 'static,
2603    {
2604        let view = self
2605            .downcast::<T>()
2606            .context("the type of the window's root view has changed")?;
2607
2608        cx.read_window(&view, read)
2609    }
2610}
2611
2612/// An identifier for an [`Element`](crate::Element).
2613///
2614/// Can be constructed with a string, a number, or both, as well
2615/// as other internal representations.
2616#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
2617pub enum ElementId {
2618    /// The ID of a View element
2619    View(EntityId),
2620    /// An integer ID.
2621    Integer(usize),
2622    /// A string based ID.
2623    Name(SharedString),
2624    /// An ID that's equated with a focus handle.
2625    FocusHandle(FocusId),
2626    /// A combination of a name and an integer.
2627    NamedInteger(SharedString, usize),
2628}
2629
2630impl Display for ElementId {
2631    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
2632        match self {
2633            ElementId::View(entity_id) => write!(f, "view-{}", entity_id)?,
2634            ElementId::Integer(ix) => write!(f, "{}", ix)?,
2635            ElementId::Name(name) => write!(f, "{}", name)?,
2636            ElementId::FocusHandle(_) => write!(f, "FocusHandle")?,
2637            ElementId::NamedInteger(s, i) => write!(f, "{}-{}", s, i)?,
2638        }
2639
2640        Ok(())
2641    }
2642}
2643
2644impl ElementId {
2645    pub(crate) fn from_entity_id(entity_id: EntityId) -> Self {
2646        ElementId::View(entity_id)
2647    }
2648}
2649
2650impl TryInto<SharedString> for ElementId {
2651    type Error = anyhow::Error;
2652
2653    fn try_into(self) -> anyhow::Result<SharedString> {
2654        if let ElementId::Name(name) = self {
2655            Ok(name)
2656        } else {
2657            Err(anyhow!("element id is not string"))
2658        }
2659    }
2660}
2661
2662impl From<usize> for ElementId {
2663    fn from(id: usize) -> Self {
2664        ElementId::Integer(id)
2665    }
2666}
2667
2668impl From<i32> for ElementId {
2669    fn from(id: i32) -> Self {
2670        Self::Integer(id as usize)
2671    }
2672}
2673
2674impl From<SharedString> for ElementId {
2675    fn from(name: SharedString) -> Self {
2676        ElementId::Name(name)
2677    }
2678}
2679
2680impl From<&'static str> for ElementId {
2681    fn from(name: &'static str) -> Self {
2682        ElementId::Name(name.into())
2683    }
2684}
2685
2686impl<'a> From<&'a FocusHandle> for ElementId {
2687    fn from(handle: &'a FocusHandle) -> Self {
2688        ElementId::FocusHandle(handle.id)
2689    }
2690}
2691
2692impl From<(&'static str, EntityId)> for ElementId {
2693    fn from((name, id): (&'static str, EntityId)) -> Self {
2694        ElementId::NamedInteger(name.into(), id.as_u64() as usize)
2695    }
2696}
2697
2698impl From<(&'static str, usize)> for ElementId {
2699    fn from((name, id): (&'static str, usize)) -> Self {
2700        ElementId::NamedInteger(name.into(), id)
2701    }
2702}
2703
2704impl From<(&'static str, u64)> for ElementId {
2705    fn from((name, id): (&'static str, u64)) -> Self {
2706        ElementId::NamedInteger(name.into(), id as usize)
2707    }
2708}
2709
2710/// A rectangle to be rendered in the window at the given position and size.
2711/// Passed as an argument [`ElementContext::paint_quad`].
2712#[derive(Clone)]
2713pub struct PaintQuad {
2714    bounds: Bounds<Pixels>,
2715    corner_radii: Corners<Pixels>,
2716    background: Hsla,
2717    border_widths: Edges<Pixels>,
2718    border_color: Hsla,
2719}
2720
2721impl PaintQuad {
2722    /// Sets the corner radii of the quad.
2723    pub fn corner_radii(self, corner_radii: impl Into<Corners<Pixels>>) -> Self {
2724        PaintQuad {
2725            corner_radii: corner_radii.into(),
2726            ..self
2727        }
2728    }
2729
2730    /// Sets the border widths of the quad.
2731    pub fn border_widths(self, border_widths: impl Into<Edges<Pixels>>) -> Self {
2732        PaintQuad {
2733            border_widths: border_widths.into(),
2734            ..self
2735        }
2736    }
2737
2738    /// Sets the border color of the quad.
2739    pub fn border_color(self, border_color: impl Into<Hsla>) -> Self {
2740        PaintQuad {
2741            border_color: border_color.into(),
2742            ..self
2743        }
2744    }
2745
2746    /// Sets the background color of the quad.
2747    pub fn background(self, background: impl Into<Hsla>) -> Self {
2748        PaintQuad {
2749            background: background.into(),
2750            ..self
2751        }
2752    }
2753}
2754
2755/// Creates a quad with the given parameters.
2756pub fn quad(
2757    bounds: Bounds<Pixels>,
2758    corner_radii: impl Into<Corners<Pixels>>,
2759    background: impl Into<Hsla>,
2760    border_widths: impl Into<Edges<Pixels>>,
2761    border_color: impl Into<Hsla>,
2762) -> PaintQuad {
2763    PaintQuad {
2764        bounds,
2765        corner_radii: corner_radii.into(),
2766        background: background.into(),
2767        border_widths: border_widths.into(),
2768        border_color: border_color.into(),
2769    }
2770}
2771
2772/// Creates a filled quad with the given bounds and background color.
2773pub fn fill(bounds: impl Into<Bounds<Pixels>>, background: impl Into<Hsla>) -> PaintQuad {
2774    PaintQuad {
2775        bounds: bounds.into(),
2776        corner_radii: (0.).into(),
2777        background: background.into(),
2778        border_widths: (0.).into(),
2779        border_color: transparent_black(),
2780    }
2781}
2782
2783/// Creates a rectangle outline with the given bounds, border color, and a 1px border width
2784pub fn outline(bounds: impl Into<Bounds<Pixels>>, border_color: impl Into<Hsla>) -> PaintQuad {
2785    PaintQuad {
2786        bounds: bounds.into(),
2787        corner_radii: (0.).into(),
2788        background: transparent_black(),
2789        border_widths: (1.).into(),
2790        border_color: border_color.into(),
2791    }
2792}