window.rs

   1use crate::{
   2    px, size, transparent_black, Action, AnyDrag, AnyView, AppContext, Arena, AsyncWindowContext,
   3    AvailableSpace, Bounds, Context, Corners, CursorStyle, DispatchActionListener, DispatchNodeId,
   4    DispatchTree, DisplayId, Edges, Effect, Entity, EntityId, EventEmitter, FileDropEvent, Flatten,
   5    Global, GlobalElementId, Hsla, KeyBinding, KeyContext, KeyDownEvent, KeyMatch, KeymatchResult,
   6    Keystroke, KeystrokeEvent, Model, ModelContext, Modifiers, MouseButton, MouseMoveEvent,
   7    MouseUpEvent, Pixels, PlatformAtlas, PlatformDisplay, PlatformInput, PlatformWindow, Point,
   8    PromptLevel, Render, ScaledPixels, SharedString, Size, SubscriberSet, Subscription,
   9    TaffyLayoutEngine, Task, View, VisualContext, WeakView, WindowAppearance, WindowBounds,
  10    WindowOptions, WindowTextSystem,
  11};
  12use anyhow::{anyhow, Context as _, Result};
  13use collections::FxHashSet;
  14use derive_more::{Deref, DerefMut};
  15use futures::channel::oneshot;
  16use parking_lot::RwLock;
  17use slotmap::SlotMap;
  18use smallvec::SmallVec;
  19use std::{
  20    any::{Any, TypeId},
  21    borrow::{Borrow, BorrowMut},
  22    cell::{Cell, RefCell},
  23    fmt::{Debug, Display},
  24    future::Future,
  25    hash::{Hash, Hasher},
  26    marker::PhantomData,
  27    mem,
  28    rc::Rc,
  29    sync::{
  30        atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering::SeqCst},
  31        Arc,
  32    },
  33    time::{Duration, Instant},
  34};
  35use util::{measure, ResultExt};
  36
  37mod element_cx;
  38pub use element_cx::*;
  39
  40const ACTIVE_DRAG_Z_INDEX: u16 = 1;
  41
  42/// A global stacking order, which is created by stacking successive z-index values.
  43/// Each z-index will always be interpreted in the context of its parent z-index.
  44#[derive(Debug, Deref, DerefMut, Clone, Ord, PartialOrd, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]
  45pub struct StackingOrder(SmallVec<[StackingContext; 64]>);
  46
  47/// A single entry in a primitive's z-index stacking order
  48#[derive(Clone, Ord, PartialOrd, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]
  49pub struct StackingContext {
  50    pub(crate) z_index: u16,
  51    pub(crate) id: u16,
  52}
  53
  54impl std::fmt::Debug for StackingContext {
  55    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
  56        write!(f, "{{{}.{}}} ", self.z_index, self.id)
  57    }
  58}
  59
  60/// Represents the two different phases when dispatching events.
  61#[derive(Default, Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
  62pub enum DispatchPhase {
  63    /// After the capture phase comes the bubble phase, in which mouse event listeners are
  64    /// invoked front to back and keyboard event listeners are invoked from the focused element
  65    /// to the root of the element tree. This is the phase you'll most commonly want to use when
  66    /// registering event listeners.
  67    #[default]
  68    Bubble,
  69    /// During the initial capture phase, mouse event listeners are invoked back to front, and keyboard
  70    /// listeners are invoked from the root of the tree downward toward the focused element. This phase
  71    /// is used for special purposes such as clearing the "pressed" state for click events. If
  72    /// you stop event propagation during this phase, you need to know what you're doing. Handlers
  73    /// outside of the immediate region may rely on detecting non-local events during this phase.
  74    Capture,
  75}
  76
  77impl DispatchPhase {
  78    /// Returns true if this represents the "bubble" phase.
  79    pub fn bubble(self) -> bool {
  80        self == DispatchPhase::Bubble
  81    }
  82
  83    /// Returns true if this represents the "capture" phase.
  84    pub fn capture(self) -> bool {
  85        self == DispatchPhase::Capture
  86    }
  87}
  88
  89type AnyObserver = Box<dyn FnMut(&mut WindowContext) -> bool + 'static>;
  90
  91type AnyWindowFocusListener = Box<dyn FnMut(&FocusEvent, &mut WindowContext) -> bool + 'static>;
  92
  93struct FocusEvent {
  94    previous_focus_path: SmallVec<[FocusId; 8]>,
  95    current_focus_path: SmallVec<[FocusId; 8]>,
  96}
  97
  98slotmap::new_key_type! {
  99    /// A globally unique identifier for a focusable element.
 100    pub struct FocusId;
 101}
 102
 103thread_local! {
 104    pub(crate) static ELEMENT_ARENA: RefCell<Arena> = RefCell::new(Arena::new(8 * 1024 * 1024));
 105}
 106
 107impl FocusId {
 108    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle is currently focused.
 109    pub fn is_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 110        cx.window.focus == Some(*self)
 111    }
 112
 113    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle contains the focused
 114    /// element or is itself focused.
 115    pub fn contains_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 116        cx.focused()
 117            .map_or(false, |focused| self.contains(focused.id, cx))
 118    }
 119
 120    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle is contained within the
 121    /// focused element or is itself focused.
 122    pub fn within_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 123        let focused = cx.focused();
 124        focused.map_or(false, |focused| focused.id.contains(*self, cx))
 125    }
 126
 127    /// Obtains whether this handle contains the given handle in the most recently rendered frame.
 128    pub(crate) fn contains(&self, other: Self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 129        cx.window
 130            .rendered_frame
 131            .dispatch_tree
 132            .focus_contains(*self, other)
 133    }
 134}
 135
 136/// A handle which can be used to track and manipulate the focused element in a window.
 137pub struct FocusHandle {
 138    pub(crate) id: FocusId,
 139    handles: Arc<RwLock<SlotMap<FocusId, AtomicUsize>>>,
 140}
 141
 142impl std::fmt::Debug for FocusHandle {
 143    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
 144        f.write_fmt(format_args!("FocusHandle({:?})", self.id))
 145    }
 146}
 147
 148impl FocusHandle {
 149    pub(crate) fn new(handles: &Arc<RwLock<SlotMap<FocusId, AtomicUsize>>>) -> Self {
 150        let id = handles.write().insert(AtomicUsize::new(1));
 151        Self {
 152            id,
 153            handles: handles.clone(),
 154        }
 155    }
 156
 157    pub(crate) fn for_id(
 158        id: FocusId,
 159        handles: &Arc<RwLock<SlotMap<FocusId, AtomicUsize>>>,
 160    ) -> Option<Self> {
 161        let lock = handles.read();
 162        let ref_count = lock.get(id)?;
 163        if ref_count.load(SeqCst) == 0 {
 164            None
 165        } else {
 166            ref_count.fetch_add(1, SeqCst);
 167            Some(Self {
 168                id,
 169                handles: handles.clone(),
 170            })
 171        }
 172    }
 173
 174    /// Moves the focus to the element associated with this handle.
 175    pub fn focus(&self, cx: &mut WindowContext) {
 176        cx.focus(self)
 177    }
 178
 179    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle is currently focused.
 180    pub fn is_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 181        self.id.is_focused(cx)
 182    }
 183
 184    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle contains the focused
 185    /// element or is itself focused.
 186    pub fn contains_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 187        self.id.contains_focused(cx)
 188    }
 189
 190    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle is contained within the
 191    /// focused element or is itself focused.
 192    pub fn within_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 193        self.id.within_focused(cx)
 194    }
 195
 196    /// Obtains whether this handle contains the given handle in the most recently rendered frame.
 197    pub fn contains(&self, other: &Self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 198        self.id.contains(other.id, cx)
 199    }
 200}
 201
 202impl Clone for FocusHandle {
 203    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
 204        Self::for_id(self.id, &self.handles).unwrap()
 205    }
 206}
 207
 208impl PartialEq for FocusHandle {
 209    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
 210        self.id == other.id
 211    }
 212}
 213
 214impl Eq for FocusHandle {}
 215
 216impl Drop for FocusHandle {
 217    fn drop(&mut self) {
 218        self.handles
 219            .read()
 220            .get(self.id)
 221            .unwrap()
 222            .fetch_sub(1, SeqCst);
 223    }
 224}
 225
 226/// FocusableView allows users of your view to easily
 227/// focus it (using cx.focus_view(view))
 228pub trait FocusableView: 'static + Render {
 229    /// Returns the focus handle associated with this view.
 230    fn focus_handle(&self, cx: &AppContext) -> FocusHandle;
 231}
 232
 233/// ManagedView is a view (like a Modal, Popover, Menu, etc.)
 234/// where the lifecycle of the view is handled by another view.
 235pub trait ManagedView: FocusableView + EventEmitter<DismissEvent> {}
 236
 237impl<M: FocusableView + EventEmitter<DismissEvent>> ManagedView for M {}
 238
 239/// Emitted by implementers of [`ManagedView`] to indicate the view should be dismissed, such as when a view is presented as a modal.
 240pub struct DismissEvent;
 241
 242type FrameCallback = Box<dyn FnOnce(&mut WindowContext)>;
 243
 244// Holds the state for a specific window.
 245#[doc(hidden)]
 246pub struct Window {
 247    pub(crate) handle: AnyWindowHandle,
 248    pub(crate) removed: bool,
 249    pub(crate) platform_window: Box<dyn PlatformWindow>,
 250    display_id: DisplayId,
 251    sprite_atlas: Arc<dyn PlatformAtlas>,
 252    text_system: Arc<WindowTextSystem>,
 253    pub(crate) rem_size: Pixels,
 254    pub(crate) viewport_size: Size<Pixels>,
 255    layout_engine: Option<TaffyLayoutEngine>,
 256    pub(crate) root_view: Option<AnyView>,
 257    pub(crate) element_id_stack: GlobalElementId,
 258    pub(crate) rendered_frame: Frame,
 259    pub(crate) next_frame: Frame,
 260    next_frame_callbacks: Rc<RefCell<Vec<FrameCallback>>>,
 261    pub(crate) dirty_views: FxHashSet<EntityId>,
 262    pub(crate) focus_handles: Arc<RwLock<SlotMap<FocusId, AtomicUsize>>>,
 263    focus_listeners: SubscriberSet<(), AnyWindowFocusListener>,
 264    focus_lost_listeners: SubscriberSet<(), AnyObserver>,
 265    default_prevented: bool,
 266    mouse_position: Point<Pixels>,
 267    modifiers: Modifiers,
 268    scale_factor: f32,
 269    bounds: WindowBounds,
 270    bounds_observers: SubscriberSet<(), AnyObserver>,
 271    appearance: WindowAppearance,
 272    appearance_observers: SubscriberSet<(), AnyObserver>,
 273    active: Rc<Cell<bool>>,
 274    pub(crate) dirty: Rc<Cell<bool>>,
 275    pub(crate) needs_present: Rc<Cell<bool>>,
 276    pub(crate) last_input_timestamp: Rc<Cell<Instant>>,
 277    pub(crate) refreshing: bool,
 278    pub(crate) drawing: bool,
 279    activation_observers: SubscriberSet<(), AnyObserver>,
 280    pub(crate) focus: Option<FocusId>,
 281    focus_enabled: bool,
 282    pending_input: Option<PendingInput>,
 283    graphics_profiler_enabled: bool,
 284}
 285
 286#[derive(Default, Debug)]
 287struct PendingInput {
 288    keystrokes: SmallVec<[Keystroke; 1]>,
 289    bindings: SmallVec<[KeyBinding; 1]>,
 290    focus: Option<FocusId>,
 291    timer: Option<Task<()>>,
 292}
 293
 294impl PendingInput {
 295    fn input(&self) -> String {
 296        self.keystrokes
 297            .iter()
 298            .flat_map(|k| k.ime_key.clone())
 299            .collect::<Vec<String>>()
 300            .join("")
 301    }
 302
 303    fn used_by_binding(&self, binding: &KeyBinding) -> bool {
 304        if self.keystrokes.is_empty() {
 305            return true;
 306        }
 307        let keystroke = &self.keystrokes[0];
 308        for candidate in keystroke.match_candidates() {
 309            if binding.match_keystrokes(&[candidate]) == KeyMatch::Pending {
 310                return true;
 311            }
 312        }
 313        false
 314    }
 315}
 316
 317pub(crate) struct ElementStateBox {
 318    pub(crate) inner: Box<dyn Any>,
 319    pub(crate) parent_view_id: EntityId,
 320    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
 321    pub(crate) type_name: &'static str,
 322}
 323
 324impl Window {
 325    pub(crate) fn new(
 326        handle: AnyWindowHandle,
 327        options: WindowOptions,
 328        cx: &mut AppContext,
 329    ) -> Self {
 330        let platform_window = cx.platform.open_window(handle, options);
 331        let display_id = platform_window.display().id();
 332        let sprite_atlas = platform_window.sprite_atlas();
 333        let mouse_position = platform_window.mouse_position();
 334        let modifiers = platform_window.modifiers();
 335        let content_size = platform_window.content_size();
 336        let scale_factor = platform_window.scale_factor();
 337        let bounds = platform_window.bounds();
 338        let appearance = platform_window.appearance();
 339        let text_system = Arc::new(WindowTextSystem::new(cx.text_system().clone()));
 340        let dirty = Rc::new(Cell::new(true));
 341        let active = Rc::new(Cell::new(false));
 342        let needs_present = Rc::new(Cell::new(false));
 343        let next_frame_callbacks: Rc<RefCell<Vec<FrameCallback>>> = Default::default();
 344        let last_input_timestamp = Rc::new(Cell::new(Instant::now()));
 345
 346        platform_window.on_close(Box::new({
 347            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 348            move || {
 349                let _ = handle.update(&mut cx, |_, cx| cx.remove_window());
 350            }
 351        }));
 352        platform_window.on_request_frame(Box::new({
 353            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 354            let dirty = dirty.clone();
 355            let active = active.clone();
 356            let needs_present = needs_present.clone();
 357            let next_frame_callbacks = next_frame_callbacks.clone();
 358            let last_input_timestamp = last_input_timestamp.clone();
 359            move || {
 360                let next_frame_callbacks = next_frame_callbacks.take();
 361                if !next_frame_callbacks.is_empty() {
 362                    handle
 363                        .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| {
 364                            for callback in next_frame_callbacks {
 365                                callback(cx);
 366                            }
 367                        })
 368                        .log_err();
 369                }
 370
 371                // Keep presenting the current scene for 1 extra second since the
 372                // last input to prevent the display from underclocking the refresh rate.
 373                let needs_present = needs_present.get()
 374                    || (active.get()
 375                        && last_input_timestamp.get().elapsed() < Duration::from_secs(1));
 376
 377                if dirty.get() {
 378                    measure("frame duration", || {
 379                        handle
 380                            .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| {
 381                                cx.draw();
 382                                cx.present();
 383                            })
 384                            .log_err();
 385                    })
 386                } else if needs_present {
 387                    handle.update(&mut cx, |_, cx| cx.present()).log_err();
 388                }
 389            }
 390        }));
 391        platform_window.on_resize(Box::new({
 392            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 393            move |_, _| {
 394                handle
 395                    .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| cx.window_bounds_changed())
 396                    .log_err();
 397            }
 398        }));
 399        platform_window.on_moved(Box::new({
 400            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 401            move || {
 402                handle
 403                    .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| cx.window_bounds_changed())
 404                    .log_err();
 405            }
 406        }));
 407        platform_window.on_appearance_changed(Box::new({
 408            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 409            move || {
 410                handle
 411                    .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| cx.appearance_changed())
 412                    .log_err();
 413            }
 414        }));
 415        platform_window.on_active_status_change(Box::new({
 416            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 417            move |active| {
 418                handle
 419                    .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| {
 420                        cx.window.active.set(active);
 421                        cx.window
 422                            .activation_observers
 423                            .clone()
 424                            .retain(&(), |callback| callback(cx));
 425                    })
 426                    .log_err();
 427            }
 428        }));
 429
 430        platform_window.on_input({
 431            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 432            Box::new(move |event| {
 433                handle
 434                    .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| cx.dispatch_event(event))
 435                    .log_err()
 436                    .unwrap_or(false)
 437            })
 438        });
 439
 440        Window {
 441            handle,
 442            removed: false,
 443            platform_window,
 444            display_id,
 445            sprite_atlas,
 446            text_system,
 447            rem_size: px(16.),
 448            viewport_size: content_size,
 449            layout_engine: Some(TaffyLayoutEngine::new()),
 450            root_view: None,
 451            element_id_stack: GlobalElementId::default(),
 452            rendered_frame: Frame::new(DispatchTree::new(cx.keymap.clone(), cx.actions.clone())),
 453            next_frame: Frame::new(DispatchTree::new(cx.keymap.clone(), cx.actions.clone())),
 454            next_frame_callbacks,
 455            dirty_views: FxHashSet::default(),
 456            focus_handles: Arc::new(RwLock::new(SlotMap::with_key())),
 457            focus_listeners: SubscriberSet::new(),
 458            focus_lost_listeners: SubscriberSet::new(),
 459            default_prevented: true,
 460            mouse_position,
 461            modifiers,
 462            scale_factor,
 463            bounds,
 464            bounds_observers: SubscriberSet::new(),
 465            appearance,
 466            appearance_observers: SubscriberSet::new(),
 467            active,
 468            dirty,
 469            needs_present,
 470            last_input_timestamp,
 471            refreshing: false,
 472            drawing: false,
 473            activation_observers: SubscriberSet::new(),
 474            focus: None,
 475            focus_enabled: true,
 476            pending_input: None,
 477            graphics_profiler_enabled: false,
 478        }
 479    }
 480    fn new_focus_listener(
 481        &mut self,
 482        value: AnyWindowFocusListener,
 483    ) -> (Subscription, impl FnOnce()) {
 484        self.focus_listeners.insert((), value)
 485    }
 486}
 487
 488/// Indicates which region of the window is visible. Content falling outside of this mask will not be
 489/// rendered. Currently, only rectangular content masks are supported, but we give the mask its own type
 490/// to leave room to support more complex shapes in the future.
 491#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
 492#[repr(C)]
 493pub struct ContentMask<P: Clone + Default + Debug> {
 494    /// The bounds
 495    pub bounds: Bounds<P>,
 496}
 497
 498impl ContentMask<Pixels> {
 499    /// Scale the content mask's pixel units by the given scaling factor.
 500    pub fn scale(&self, factor: f32) -> ContentMask<ScaledPixels> {
 501        ContentMask {
 502            bounds: self.bounds.scale(factor),
 503        }
 504    }
 505
 506    /// Intersect the content mask with the given content mask.
 507    pub fn intersect(&self, other: &Self) -> Self {
 508        let bounds = self.bounds.intersect(&other.bounds);
 509        ContentMask { bounds }
 510    }
 511}
 512
 513/// Provides access to application state in the context of a single window. Derefs
 514/// to an [`AppContext`], so you can also pass a [`WindowContext`] to any method that takes
 515/// an [`AppContext`] and call any [`AppContext`] methods.
 516pub struct WindowContext<'a> {
 517    pub(crate) app: &'a mut AppContext,
 518    pub(crate) window: &'a mut Window,
 519}
 520
 521impl<'a> WindowContext<'a> {
 522    pub(crate) fn new(app: &'a mut AppContext, window: &'a mut Window) -> Self {
 523        Self { app, window }
 524    }
 525
 526    /// Obtain a handle to the window that belongs to this context.
 527    pub fn window_handle(&self) -> AnyWindowHandle {
 528        self.window.handle
 529    }
 530
 531    /// Mark the window as dirty, scheduling it to be redrawn on the next frame.
 532    pub fn refresh(&mut self) {
 533        if !self.window.drawing {
 534            self.window.refreshing = true;
 535            self.window.dirty.set(true);
 536        }
 537    }
 538
 539    /// Close this window.
 540    pub fn remove_window(&mut self) {
 541        self.window.removed = true;
 542    }
 543
 544    /// Obtain a new [`FocusHandle`], which allows you to track and manipulate the keyboard focus
 545    /// for elements rendered within this window.
 546    pub fn focus_handle(&mut self) -> FocusHandle {
 547        FocusHandle::new(&self.window.focus_handles)
 548    }
 549
 550    /// Obtain the currently focused [`FocusHandle`]. If no elements are focused, returns `None`.
 551    pub fn focused(&self) -> Option<FocusHandle> {
 552        self.window
 553            .focus
 554            .and_then(|id| FocusHandle::for_id(id, &self.window.focus_handles))
 555    }
 556
 557    /// Move focus to the element associated with the given [`FocusHandle`].
 558    pub fn focus(&mut self, handle: &FocusHandle) {
 559        if !self.window.focus_enabled || self.window.focus == Some(handle.id) {
 560            return;
 561        }
 562
 563        self.window.focus = Some(handle.id);
 564        self.window
 565            .rendered_frame
 566            .dispatch_tree
 567            .clear_pending_keystrokes();
 568        self.refresh();
 569    }
 570
 571    /// Remove focus from all elements within this context's window.
 572    pub fn blur(&mut self) {
 573        if !self.window.focus_enabled {
 574            return;
 575        }
 576
 577        self.window.focus = None;
 578        self.refresh();
 579    }
 580
 581    /// Blur the window and don't allow anything in it to be focused again.
 582    pub fn disable_focus(&mut self) {
 583        self.blur();
 584        self.window.focus_enabled = false;
 585    }
 586
 587    /// Accessor for the text system.
 588    pub fn text_system(&self) -> &Arc<WindowTextSystem> {
 589        &self.window.text_system
 590    }
 591
 592    /// Dispatch the given action on the currently focused element.
 593    pub fn dispatch_action(&mut self, action: Box<dyn Action>) {
 594        let focus_handle = self.focused();
 595
 596        self.defer(move |cx| {
 597            let node_id = focus_handle
 598                .and_then(|handle| {
 599                    cx.window
 600                        .rendered_frame
 601                        .dispatch_tree
 602                        .focusable_node_id(handle.id)
 603                })
 604                .unwrap_or_else(|| cx.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.root_node_id());
 605
 606            cx.propagate_event = true;
 607            cx.dispatch_action_on_node(node_id, action);
 608        })
 609    }
 610
 611    pub(crate) fn dispatch_keystroke_observers(
 612        &mut self,
 613        event: &dyn Any,
 614        action: Option<Box<dyn Action>>,
 615    ) {
 616        let Some(key_down_event) = event.downcast_ref::<KeyDownEvent>() else {
 617            return;
 618        };
 619
 620        self.keystroke_observers
 621            .clone()
 622            .retain(&(), move |callback| {
 623                (callback)(
 624                    &KeystrokeEvent {
 625                        keystroke: key_down_event.keystroke.clone(),
 626                        action: action.as_ref().map(|action| action.boxed_clone()),
 627                    },
 628                    self,
 629                );
 630                true
 631            });
 632    }
 633
 634    pub(crate) fn clear_pending_keystrokes(&mut self) {
 635        self.window
 636            .rendered_frame
 637            .dispatch_tree
 638            .clear_pending_keystrokes();
 639        self.window
 640            .next_frame
 641            .dispatch_tree
 642            .clear_pending_keystrokes();
 643    }
 644
 645    /// Schedules the given function to be run at the end of the current effect cycle, allowing entities
 646    /// that are currently on the stack to be returned to the app.
 647    pub fn defer(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut WindowContext) + 'static) {
 648        let handle = self.window.handle;
 649        self.app.defer(move |cx| {
 650            handle.update(cx, |_, cx| f(cx)).ok();
 651        });
 652    }
 653
 654    /// Subscribe to events emitted by a model or view.
 655    /// The entity to which you're subscribing must implement the [`EventEmitter`] trait.
 656    /// The callback will be invoked a handle to the emitting entity (either a [`View`] or [`Model`]), the event, and a window context for the current window.
 657    pub fn subscribe<Emitter, E, Evt>(
 658        &mut self,
 659        entity: &E,
 660        mut on_event: impl FnMut(E, &Evt, &mut WindowContext<'_>) + 'static,
 661    ) -> Subscription
 662    where
 663        Emitter: EventEmitter<Evt>,
 664        E: Entity<Emitter>,
 665        Evt: 'static,
 666    {
 667        let entity_id = entity.entity_id();
 668        let entity = entity.downgrade();
 669        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
 670        self.app.new_subscription(
 671            entity_id,
 672            (
 673                TypeId::of::<Evt>(),
 674                Box::new(move |event, cx| {
 675                    window_handle
 676                        .update(cx, |_, cx| {
 677                            if let Some(handle) = E::upgrade_from(&entity) {
 678                                let event = event.downcast_ref().expect("invalid event type");
 679                                on_event(handle, event, cx);
 680                                true
 681                            } else {
 682                                false
 683                            }
 684                        })
 685                        .unwrap_or(false)
 686                }),
 687            ),
 688        )
 689    }
 690
 691    /// Creates an [`AsyncWindowContext`], which has a static lifetime and can be held across
 692    /// await points in async code.
 693    pub fn to_async(&self) -> AsyncWindowContext {
 694        AsyncWindowContext::new(self.app.to_async(), self.window.handle)
 695    }
 696
 697    /// Schedule the given closure to be run directly after the current frame is rendered.
 698    pub fn on_next_frame(&mut self, callback: impl FnOnce(&mut WindowContext) + 'static) {
 699        RefCell::borrow_mut(&self.window.next_frame_callbacks).push(Box::new(callback));
 700    }
 701
 702    /// Spawn the future returned by the given closure on the application thread pool.
 703    /// The closure is provided a handle to the current window and an `AsyncWindowContext` for
 704    /// use within your future.
 705    pub fn spawn<Fut, R>(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(AsyncWindowContext) -> Fut) -> Task<R>
 706    where
 707        R: 'static,
 708        Fut: Future<Output = R> + 'static,
 709    {
 710        self.app
 711            .spawn(|app| f(AsyncWindowContext::new(app, self.window.handle)))
 712    }
 713
 714    /// Updates the global of the given type. The given closure is given simultaneous mutable
 715    /// access both to the global and the context.
 716    pub fn update_global<G, R>(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut G, &mut Self) -> R) -> R
 717    where
 718        G: Global,
 719    {
 720        let mut global = self.app.lease_global::<G>();
 721        let result = f(&mut global, self);
 722        self.app.end_global_lease(global);
 723        result
 724    }
 725
 726    fn window_bounds_changed(&mut self) {
 727        self.window.scale_factor = self.window.platform_window.scale_factor();
 728        self.window.viewport_size = self.window.platform_window.content_size();
 729        self.window.bounds = self.window.platform_window.bounds();
 730        self.window.display_id = self.window.platform_window.display().id();
 731        self.refresh();
 732
 733        self.window
 734            .bounds_observers
 735            .clone()
 736            .retain(&(), |callback| callback(self));
 737    }
 738
 739    /// Returns the bounds of the current window in the global coordinate space, which could span across multiple displays.
 740    pub fn window_bounds(&self) -> WindowBounds {
 741        self.window.bounds
 742    }
 743
 744    fn appearance_changed(&mut self) {
 745        self.window.appearance = self.window.platform_window.appearance();
 746
 747        self.window
 748            .appearance_observers
 749            .clone()
 750            .retain(&(), |callback| callback(self));
 751    }
 752
 753    /// Returns the appearance of the current window.
 754    pub fn appearance(&self) -> WindowAppearance {
 755        self.window.appearance
 756    }
 757
 758    /// Returns the size of the drawable area within the window.
 759    pub fn viewport_size(&self) -> Size<Pixels> {
 760        self.window.viewport_size
 761    }
 762
 763    /// Returns whether this window is focused by the operating system (receiving key events).
 764    pub fn is_window_active(&self) -> bool {
 765        self.window.active.get()
 766    }
 767
 768    /// Toggle zoom on the window.
 769    pub fn zoom_window(&self) {
 770        self.window.platform_window.zoom();
 771    }
 772
 773    /// Updates the window's title at the platform level.
 774    pub fn set_window_title(&mut self, title: &str) {
 775        self.window.platform_window.set_title(title);
 776    }
 777
 778    /// Mark the window as dirty at the platform level.
 779    pub fn set_window_edited(&mut self, edited: bool) {
 780        self.window.platform_window.set_edited(edited);
 781    }
 782
 783    /// Determine the display on which the window is visible.
 784    pub fn display(&self) -> Option<Rc<dyn PlatformDisplay>> {
 785        self.platform
 786            .displays()
 787            .into_iter()
 788            .find(|display| display.id() == self.window.display_id)
 789    }
 790
 791    /// Show the platform character palette.
 792    pub fn show_character_palette(&self) {
 793        self.window.platform_window.show_character_palette();
 794    }
 795
 796    /// The scale factor of the display associated with the window. For example, it could
 797    /// return 2.0 for a "retina" display, indicating that each logical pixel should actually
 798    /// be rendered as two pixels on screen.
 799    pub fn scale_factor(&self) -> f32 {
 800        self.window.scale_factor
 801    }
 802
 803    /// The size of an em for the base font of the application. Adjusting this value allows the
 804    /// UI to scale, just like zooming a web page.
 805    pub fn rem_size(&self) -> Pixels {
 806        self.window.rem_size
 807    }
 808
 809    /// Sets the size of an em for the base font of the application. Adjusting this value allows the
 810    /// UI to scale, just like zooming a web page.
 811    pub fn set_rem_size(&mut self, rem_size: impl Into<Pixels>) {
 812        self.window.rem_size = rem_size.into();
 813    }
 814
 815    /// The line height associated with the current text style.
 816    pub fn line_height(&self) -> Pixels {
 817        let rem_size = self.rem_size();
 818        let text_style = self.text_style();
 819        text_style
 820            .line_height
 821            .to_pixels(text_style.font_size, rem_size)
 822    }
 823
 824    /// Call to prevent the default action of an event. Currently only used to prevent
 825    /// parent elements from becoming focused on mouse down.
 826    pub fn prevent_default(&mut self) {
 827        self.window.default_prevented = true;
 828    }
 829
 830    /// Obtain whether default has been prevented for the event currently being dispatched.
 831    pub fn default_prevented(&self) -> bool {
 832        self.window.default_prevented
 833    }
 834
 835    /// Determine whether the given action is available along the dispatch path to the currently focused element.
 836    pub fn is_action_available(&self, action: &dyn Action) -> bool {
 837        let target = self
 838            .focused()
 839            .and_then(|focused_handle| {
 840                self.window
 841                    .rendered_frame
 842                    .dispatch_tree
 843                    .focusable_node_id(focused_handle.id)
 844            })
 845            .unwrap_or_else(|| self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.root_node_id());
 846        self.window
 847            .rendered_frame
 848            .dispatch_tree
 849            .is_action_available(action, target)
 850    }
 851
 852    /// The position of the mouse relative to the window.
 853    pub fn mouse_position(&self) -> Point<Pixels> {
 854        self.window.mouse_position
 855    }
 856
 857    /// The current state of the keyboard's modifiers
 858    pub fn modifiers(&self) -> Modifiers {
 859        self.window.modifiers
 860    }
 861
 862    /// Returns true if there is no opaque layer containing the given point
 863    /// on top of the given level. Layers who are extensions of the queried layer
 864    /// are not considered to be on top of queried layer.
 865    pub fn was_top_layer(&self, point: &Point<Pixels>, layer: &StackingOrder) -> bool {
 866        // Precondition: the depth map is ordered from topmost to bottomost.
 867
 868        for (opaque_layer, _, bounds) in self.window.rendered_frame.depth_map.iter() {
 869            if layer >= opaque_layer {
 870                // The queried layer is either above or is the same as the this opaque layer.
 871                // Anything after this point is guaranteed to be below the queried layer.
 872                return true;
 873            }
 874
 875            if !bounds.contains(point) {
 876                // This opaque layer is above the queried layer but it doesn't contain
 877                // the given position, so we can ignore it even if it's above.
 878                continue;
 879            }
 880
 881            // At this point, we've established that this opaque layer is on top of the queried layer
 882            // and contains the position:
 883            // If neither the opaque layer or the queried layer is an extension of the other then
 884            // we know they are on different stacking orders, and return false.
 885            let is_on_same_layer = opaque_layer
 886                .iter()
 887                .zip(layer.iter())
 888                .all(|(a, b)| a.z_index == b.z_index);
 889
 890            if !is_on_same_layer {
 891                return false;
 892            }
 893        }
 894
 895        true
 896    }
 897
 898    pub(crate) fn was_top_layer_under_active_drag(
 899        &self,
 900        point: &Point<Pixels>,
 901        layer: &StackingOrder,
 902    ) -> bool {
 903        // Precondition: the depth map is ordered from topmost to bottomost.
 904
 905        for (opaque_layer, _, bounds) in self.window.rendered_frame.depth_map.iter() {
 906            if layer >= opaque_layer {
 907                // The queried layer is either above or is the same as the this opaque layer.
 908                // Anything after this point is guaranteed to be below the queried layer.
 909                return true;
 910            }
 911
 912            if !bounds.contains(point) {
 913                // This opaque layer is above the queried layer but it doesn't contain
 914                // the given position, so we can ignore it even if it's above.
 915                continue;
 916            }
 917
 918            // All normal content is rendered with a base z-index of 0, we know that if the root of this opaque layer
 919            // equals `ACTIVE_DRAG_Z_INDEX` then it must be the drag layer and we can ignore it as we are
 920            // looking to see if the queried layer was the topmost underneath the drag layer.
 921            if opaque_layer
 922                .first()
 923                .map(|c| c.z_index == ACTIVE_DRAG_Z_INDEX)
 924                .unwrap_or(false)
 925            {
 926                continue;
 927            }
 928
 929            // At this point, we've established that this opaque layer is on top of the queried layer
 930            // and contains the position:
 931            // If neither the opaque layer or the queried layer is an extension of the other then
 932            // we know they are on different stacking orders, and return false.
 933            let is_on_same_layer = opaque_layer
 934                .iter()
 935                .zip(layer.iter())
 936                .all(|(a, b)| a.z_index == b.z_index);
 937
 938            if !is_on_same_layer {
 939                return false;
 940            }
 941        }
 942
 943        true
 944    }
 945
 946    /// Called during painting to get the current stacking order.
 947    pub fn stacking_order(&self) -> &StackingOrder {
 948        &self.window.next_frame.z_index_stack
 949    }
 950
 951    /// Produces a new frame and assigns it to `rendered_frame`. To actually show
 952    /// the contents of the new [Scene], use [present].
 953    pub fn draw(&mut self) {
 954        self.window.dirty.set(false);
 955        self.window.drawing = true;
 956
 957        if let Some(requested_handler) = self.window.rendered_frame.requested_input_handler.as_mut()
 958        {
 959            let input_handler = self.window.platform_window.take_input_handler();
 960            requested_handler.handler = input_handler;
 961        }
 962
 963        let root_view = self.window.root_view.take().unwrap();
 964        self.with_element_context(|cx| {
 965            cx.with_z_index(0, |cx| {
 966                cx.with_key_dispatch(Some(KeyContext::default()), None, |_, cx| {
 967                    // We need to use cx.cx here so we can utilize borrow splitting
 968                    for (action_type, action_listeners) in &cx.cx.app.global_action_listeners {
 969                        for action_listener in action_listeners.iter().cloned() {
 970                            cx.cx.window.next_frame.dispatch_tree.on_action(
 971                                *action_type,
 972                                Rc::new(
 973                                    move |action: &dyn Any, phase, cx: &mut WindowContext<'_>| {
 974                                        action_listener(action, phase, cx)
 975                                    },
 976                                ),
 977                            )
 978                        }
 979                    }
 980
 981                    let available_space = cx.window.viewport_size.map(Into::into);
 982                    root_view.draw(Point::default(), available_space, cx);
 983                })
 984            })
 985        });
 986
 987        if let Some(active_drag) = self.app.active_drag.take() {
 988            self.with_element_context(|cx| {
 989                cx.with_z_index(ACTIVE_DRAG_Z_INDEX, |cx| {
 990                    let offset = cx.mouse_position() - active_drag.cursor_offset;
 991                    let available_space =
 992                        size(AvailableSpace::MinContent, AvailableSpace::MinContent);
 993                    active_drag.view.draw(offset, available_space, cx);
 994                })
 995            });
 996            self.active_drag = Some(active_drag);
 997        } else if let Some(tooltip_request) = self.window.next_frame.tooltip_request.take() {
 998            self.with_element_context(|cx| {
 999                cx.with_z_index(1, |cx| {
1000                    let available_space =
1001                        size(AvailableSpace::MinContent, AvailableSpace::MinContent);
1002                    tooltip_request.tooltip.view.draw(
1003                        tooltip_request.tooltip.cursor_offset,
1004                        available_space,
1005                        cx,
1006                    );
1007                })
1008            });
1009            self.window.next_frame.tooltip_request = Some(tooltip_request);
1010        }
1011        self.window.dirty_views.clear();
1012
1013        self.window
1014            .next_frame
1015            .dispatch_tree
1016            .preserve_pending_keystrokes(
1017                &mut self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree,
1018                self.window.focus,
1019            );
1020        self.window.next_frame.focus = self.window.focus;
1021        self.window.next_frame.window_active = self.window.active.get();
1022        self.window.root_view = Some(root_view);
1023
1024        // Set the cursor only if we're the active window.
1025        let cursor_style = self
1026            .window
1027            .next_frame
1028            .requested_cursor_style
1029            .take()
1030            .unwrap_or(CursorStyle::Arrow);
1031        if self.is_window_active() {
1032            self.platform.set_cursor_style(cursor_style);
1033        }
1034
1035        // Register requested input handler with the platform window.
1036        if let Some(requested_input) = self.window.next_frame.requested_input_handler.as_mut() {
1037            if let Some(handler) = requested_input.handler.take() {
1038                self.window.platform_window.set_input_handler(handler);
1039            }
1040        }
1041
1042        self.window.layout_engine.as_mut().unwrap().clear();
1043        self.text_system()
1044            .finish_frame(&self.window.next_frame.reused_views);
1045        self.window
1046            .next_frame
1047            .finish(&mut self.window.rendered_frame);
1048        ELEMENT_ARENA.with_borrow_mut(|element_arena| {
1049            let percentage = (element_arena.len() as f32 / element_arena.capacity() as f32) * 100.;
1050            if percentage >= 80. {
1051                log::warn!("elevated element arena occupation: {}.", percentage);
1052            }
1053            element_arena.clear();
1054        });
1055
1056        let previous_focus_path = self.window.rendered_frame.focus_path();
1057        let previous_window_active = self.window.rendered_frame.window_active;
1058        mem::swap(&mut self.window.rendered_frame, &mut self.window.next_frame);
1059        self.window.next_frame.clear();
1060        let current_focus_path = self.window.rendered_frame.focus_path();
1061        let current_window_active = self.window.rendered_frame.window_active;
1062
1063        if previous_focus_path != current_focus_path
1064            || previous_window_active != current_window_active
1065        {
1066            if !previous_focus_path.is_empty() && current_focus_path.is_empty() {
1067                self.window
1068                    .focus_lost_listeners
1069                    .clone()
1070                    .retain(&(), |listener| listener(self));
1071            }
1072
1073            let event = FocusEvent {
1074                previous_focus_path: if previous_window_active {
1075                    previous_focus_path
1076                } else {
1077                    Default::default()
1078                },
1079                current_focus_path: if current_window_active {
1080                    current_focus_path
1081                } else {
1082                    Default::default()
1083                },
1084            };
1085            self.window
1086                .focus_listeners
1087                .clone()
1088                .retain(&(), |listener| listener(&event, self));
1089        }
1090        self.window.refreshing = false;
1091        self.window.drawing = false;
1092        self.window.needs_present.set(true);
1093    }
1094
1095    fn present(&self) {
1096        self.window
1097            .platform_window
1098            .draw(&self.window.rendered_frame.scene);
1099        self.window.needs_present.set(false);
1100    }
1101
1102    /// Dispatch a given keystroke as though the user had typed it.
1103    /// You can create a keystroke with Keystroke::parse("").
1104    pub fn dispatch_keystroke(&mut self, keystroke: Keystroke) -> bool {
1105        let keystroke = keystroke.with_simulated_ime();
1106        if self.dispatch_event(PlatformInput::KeyDown(KeyDownEvent {
1107            keystroke: keystroke.clone(),
1108            is_held: false,
1109        })) {
1110            return true;
1111        }
1112
1113        if let Some(input) = keystroke.ime_key {
1114            if let Some(mut input_handler) = self.window.platform_window.take_input_handler() {
1115                input_handler.dispatch_input(&input, self);
1116                self.window.platform_window.set_input_handler(input_handler);
1117                return true;
1118            }
1119        }
1120
1121        false
1122    }
1123
1124    /// Dispatch a mouse or keyboard event on the window.
1125    pub fn dispatch_event(&mut self, event: PlatformInput) -> bool {
1126        self.window.last_input_timestamp.set(Instant::now());
1127        // Handlers may set this to false by calling `stop_propagation`.
1128        self.app.propagate_event = true;
1129        // Handlers may set this to true by calling `prevent_default`.
1130        self.window.default_prevented = false;
1131
1132        let event = match event {
1133            // Track the mouse position with our own state, since accessing the platform
1134            // API for the mouse position can only occur on the main thread.
1135            PlatformInput::MouseMove(mouse_move) => {
1136                self.window.mouse_position = mouse_move.position;
1137                self.window.modifiers = mouse_move.modifiers;
1138                PlatformInput::MouseMove(mouse_move)
1139            }
1140            PlatformInput::MouseDown(mouse_down) => {
1141                self.window.mouse_position = mouse_down.position;
1142                self.window.modifiers = mouse_down.modifiers;
1143                PlatformInput::MouseDown(mouse_down)
1144            }
1145            PlatformInput::MouseUp(mouse_up) => {
1146                self.window.mouse_position = mouse_up.position;
1147                self.window.modifiers = mouse_up.modifiers;
1148                PlatformInput::MouseUp(mouse_up)
1149            }
1150            PlatformInput::MouseExited(mouse_exited) => {
1151                self.window.modifiers = mouse_exited.modifiers;
1152                PlatformInput::MouseExited(mouse_exited)
1153            }
1154            PlatformInput::ModifiersChanged(modifiers_changed) => {
1155                self.window.modifiers = modifiers_changed.modifiers;
1156                PlatformInput::ModifiersChanged(modifiers_changed)
1157            }
1158            PlatformInput::ScrollWheel(scroll_wheel) => {
1159                self.window.mouse_position = scroll_wheel.position;
1160                self.window.modifiers = scroll_wheel.modifiers;
1161                PlatformInput::ScrollWheel(scroll_wheel)
1162            }
1163            // Translate dragging and dropping of external files from the operating system
1164            // to internal drag and drop events.
1165            PlatformInput::FileDrop(file_drop) => match file_drop {
1166                FileDropEvent::Entered { position, paths } => {
1167                    self.window.mouse_position = position;
1168                    if self.active_drag.is_none() {
1169                        self.active_drag = Some(AnyDrag {
1170                            value: Box::new(paths.clone()),
1171                            view: self.new_view(|_| paths).into(),
1172                            cursor_offset: position,
1173                        });
1174                    }
1175                    PlatformInput::MouseMove(MouseMoveEvent {
1176                        position,
1177                        pressed_button: Some(MouseButton::Left),
1178                        modifiers: Modifiers::default(),
1179                    })
1180                }
1181                FileDropEvent::Pending { position } => {
1182                    self.window.mouse_position = position;
1183                    PlatformInput::MouseMove(MouseMoveEvent {
1184                        position,
1185                        pressed_button: Some(MouseButton::Left),
1186                        modifiers: Modifiers::default(),
1187                    })
1188                }
1189                FileDropEvent::Submit { position } => {
1190                    self.activate(true);
1191                    self.window.mouse_position = position;
1192                    PlatformInput::MouseUp(MouseUpEvent {
1193                        button: MouseButton::Left,
1194                        position,
1195                        modifiers: Modifiers::default(),
1196                        click_count: 1,
1197                    })
1198                }
1199                FileDropEvent::Exited => PlatformInput::MouseUp(MouseUpEvent {
1200                    button: MouseButton::Left,
1201                    position: Point::default(),
1202                    modifiers: Modifiers::default(),
1203                    click_count: 1,
1204                }),
1205            },
1206            PlatformInput::KeyDown(_) | PlatformInput::KeyUp(_) => event,
1207        };
1208
1209        if let Some(any_mouse_event) = event.mouse_event() {
1210            self.dispatch_mouse_event(any_mouse_event);
1211        } else if let Some(any_key_event) = event.keyboard_event() {
1212            self.dispatch_key_event(any_key_event);
1213        }
1214
1215        !self.app.propagate_event
1216    }
1217
1218    fn dispatch_mouse_event(&mut self, event: &dyn Any) {
1219        if let Some(mut handlers) = self
1220            .window
1221            .rendered_frame
1222            .mouse_listeners
1223            .remove(&event.type_id())
1224        {
1225            // Because handlers may add other handlers, we sort every time.
1226            handlers.sort_by(|(a, _, _), (b, _, _)| a.cmp(b));
1227
1228            // Capture phase, events bubble from back to front. Handlers for this phase are used for
1229            // special purposes, such as detecting events outside of a given Bounds.
1230            for (_, _, handler) in &mut handlers {
1231                self.with_element_context(|cx| {
1232                    handler(event, DispatchPhase::Capture, cx);
1233                });
1234                if !self.app.propagate_event {
1235                    break;
1236                }
1237            }
1238
1239            // Bubble phase, where most normal handlers do their work.
1240            if self.app.propagate_event {
1241                for (_, _, handler) in handlers.iter_mut().rev() {
1242                    self.with_element_context(|cx| {
1243                        handler(event, DispatchPhase::Bubble, cx);
1244                    });
1245                    if !self.app.propagate_event {
1246                        break;
1247                    }
1248                }
1249            }
1250
1251            self.window
1252                .rendered_frame
1253                .mouse_listeners
1254                .insert(event.type_id(), handlers);
1255        }
1256
1257        if self.app.propagate_event && self.has_active_drag() {
1258            if event.is::<MouseMoveEvent>() {
1259                // If this was a mouse move event, redraw the window so that the
1260                // active drag can follow the mouse cursor.
1261                self.refresh();
1262            } else if event.is::<MouseUpEvent>() {
1263                // If this was a mouse up event, cancel the active drag and redraw
1264                // the window.
1265                self.active_drag = None;
1266                self.refresh();
1267            }
1268        }
1269    }
1270
1271    fn dispatch_key_event(&mut self, event: &dyn Any) {
1272        if self.window.dirty.get() {
1273            self.draw();
1274        }
1275
1276        let node_id = self
1277            .window
1278            .focus
1279            .and_then(|focus_id| {
1280                self.window
1281                    .rendered_frame
1282                    .dispatch_tree
1283                    .focusable_node_id(focus_id)
1284            })
1285            .unwrap_or_else(|| self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.root_node_id());
1286
1287        let dispatch_path = self
1288            .window
1289            .rendered_frame
1290            .dispatch_tree
1291            .dispatch_path(node_id);
1292
1293        if let Some(key_down_event) = event.downcast_ref::<KeyDownEvent>() {
1294            let KeymatchResult { bindings, pending } = self
1295                .window
1296                .rendered_frame
1297                .dispatch_tree
1298                .dispatch_key(&key_down_event.keystroke, &dispatch_path);
1299
1300            if pending {
1301                let mut currently_pending = self.window.pending_input.take().unwrap_or_default();
1302                if currently_pending.focus.is_some() && currently_pending.focus != self.window.focus
1303                {
1304                    currently_pending = PendingInput::default();
1305                }
1306                currently_pending.focus = self.window.focus;
1307                currently_pending
1308                    .keystrokes
1309                    .push(key_down_event.keystroke.clone());
1310                for binding in bindings {
1311                    currently_pending.bindings.push(binding);
1312                }
1313
1314                currently_pending.timer = Some(self.spawn(|mut cx| async move {
1315                    cx.background_executor.timer(Duration::from_secs(1)).await;
1316                    cx.update(move |cx| {
1317                        cx.clear_pending_keystrokes();
1318                        let Some(currently_pending) = cx.window.pending_input.take() else {
1319                            return;
1320                        };
1321                        cx.replay_pending_input(currently_pending)
1322                    })
1323                    .log_err();
1324                }));
1325                self.window.pending_input = Some(currently_pending);
1326
1327                self.propagate_event = false;
1328                return;
1329            } else if let Some(currently_pending) = self.window.pending_input.take() {
1330                if bindings
1331                    .iter()
1332                    .all(|binding| !currently_pending.used_by_binding(binding))
1333                {
1334                    self.replay_pending_input(currently_pending)
1335                }
1336            }
1337
1338            if !bindings.is_empty() {
1339                self.clear_pending_keystrokes();
1340            }
1341
1342            self.propagate_event = true;
1343            for binding in bindings {
1344                self.dispatch_action_on_node(node_id, binding.action.boxed_clone());
1345                if !self.propagate_event {
1346                    self.dispatch_keystroke_observers(event, Some(binding.action));
1347                    return;
1348                }
1349            }
1350        }
1351
1352        self.dispatch_key_down_up_event(event, &dispatch_path);
1353        if !self.propagate_event {
1354            return;
1355        }
1356
1357        self.dispatch_keystroke_observers(event, None);
1358    }
1359
1360    fn dispatch_key_down_up_event(
1361        &mut self,
1362        event: &dyn Any,
1363        dispatch_path: &SmallVec<[DispatchNodeId; 32]>,
1364    ) {
1365        // Capture phase
1366        for node_id in dispatch_path {
1367            let node = self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.node(*node_id);
1368
1369            for key_listener in node.key_listeners.clone() {
1370                self.with_element_context(|cx| {
1371                    key_listener(event, DispatchPhase::Capture, cx);
1372                });
1373                if !self.propagate_event {
1374                    return;
1375                }
1376            }
1377        }
1378
1379        // Bubble phase
1380        for node_id in dispatch_path.iter().rev() {
1381            // Handle low level key events
1382            let node = self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.node(*node_id);
1383            for key_listener in node.key_listeners.clone() {
1384                self.with_element_context(|cx| {
1385                    key_listener(event, DispatchPhase::Bubble, cx);
1386                });
1387                if !self.propagate_event {
1388                    return;
1389                }
1390            }
1391        }
1392    }
1393
1394    /// Determine whether a potential multi-stroke key binding is in progress on this window.
1395    pub fn has_pending_keystrokes(&self) -> bool {
1396        self.window
1397            .rendered_frame
1398            .dispatch_tree
1399            .has_pending_keystrokes()
1400    }
1401
1402    fn replay_pending_input(&mut self, currently_pending: PendingInput) {
1403        let node_id = self
1404            .window
1405            .focus
1406            .and_then(|focus_id| {
1407                self.window
1408                    .rendered_frame
1409                    .dispatch_tree
1410                    .focusable_node_id(focus_id)
1411            })
1412            .unwrap_or_else(|| self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.root_node_id());
1413
1414        if self.window.focus != currently_pending.focus {
1415            return;
1416        }
1417
1418        let input = currently_pending.input();
1419
1420        self.propagate_event = true;
1421        for binding in currently_pending.bindings {
1422            self.dispatch_action_on_node(node_id, binding.action.boxed_clone());
1423            if !self.propagate_event {
1424                return;
1425            }
1426        }
1427
1428        let dispatch_path = self
1429            .window
1430            .rendered_frame
1431            .dispatch_tree
1432            .dispatch_path(node_id);
1433
1434        for keystroke in currently_pending.keystrokes {
1435            let event = KeyDownEvent {
1436                keystroke,
1437                is_held: false,
1438            };
1439
1440            self.dispatch_key_down_up_event(&event, &dispatch_path);
1441            if !self.propagate_event {
1442                return;
1443            }
1444        }
1445
1446        if !input.is_empty() {
1447            if let Some(mut input_handler) = self.window.platform_window.take_input_handler() {
1448                input_handler.dispatch_input(&input, self);
1449                self.window.platform_window.set_input_handler(input_handler)
1450            }
1451        }
1452    }
1453
1454    fn dispatch_action_on_node(&mut self, node_id: DispatchNodeId, action: Box<dyn Action>) {
1455        let dispatch_path = self
1456            .window
1457            .rendered_frame
1458            .dispatch_tree
1459            .dispatch_path(node_id);
1460
1461        // Capture phase
1462        for node_id in &dispatch_path {
1463            let node = self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.node(*node_id);
1464            for DispatchActionListener {
1465                action_type,
1466                listener,
1467            } in node.action_listeners.clone()
1468            {
1469                let any_action = action.as_any();
1470                if action_type == any_action.type_id() {
1471                    self.with_element_context(|cx| {
1472                        listener(any_action, DispatchPhase::Capture, cx);
1473                    });
1474
1475                    if !self.propagate_event {
1476                        return;
1477                    }
1478                }
1479            }
1480        }
1481        // Bubble phase
1482        for node_id in dispatch_path.iter().rev() {
1483            let node = self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.node(*node_id);
1484            for DispatchActionListener {
1485                action_type,
1486                listener,
1487            } in node.action_listeners.clone()
1488            {
1489                let any_action = action.as_any();
1490                if action_type == any_action.type_id() {
1491                    self.propagate_event = false; // Actions stop propagation by default during the bubble phase
1492
1493                    self.with_element_context(|cx| {
1494                        listener(any_action, DispatchPhase::Bubble, cx);
1495                    });
1496
1497                    if !self.propagate_event {
1498                        return;
1499                    }
1500                }
1501            }
1502        }
1503    }
1504
1505    /// Toggle the graphics profiler to debug your application's rendering performance.
1506    pub fn toggle_graphics_profiler(&mut self) {
1507        self.window.graphics_profiler_enabled = !self.window.graphics_profiler_enabled;
1508        self.window
1509            .platform_window
1510            .set_graphics_profiler_enabled(self.window.graphics_profiler_enabled);
1511    }
1512
1513    /// Register the given handler to be invoked whenever the global of the given type
1514    /// is updated.
1515    pub fn observe_global<G: Global>(
1516        &mut self,
1517        f: impl Fn(&mut WindowContext<'_>) + 'static,
1518    ) -> Subscription {
1519        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
1520        let (subscription, activate) = self.global_observers.insert(
1521            TypeId::of::<G>(),
1522            Box::new(move |cx| window_handle.update(cx, |_, cx| f(cx)).is_ok()),
1523        );
1524        self.app.defer(move |_| activate());
1525        subscription
1526    }
1527
1528    /// Focus the current window and bring it to the foreground at the platform level.
1529    pub fn activate_window(&self) {
1530        self.window.platform_window.activate();
1531    }
1532
1533    /// Minimize the current window at the platform level.
1534    pub fn minimize_window(&self) {
1535        self.window.platform_window.minimize();
1536    }
1537
1538    /// Toggle full screen status on the current window at the platform level.
1539    pub fn toggle_full_screen(&self) {
1540        self.window.platform_window.toggle_full_screen();
1541    }
1542
1543    /// Present a platform dialog.
1544    /// The provided message will be presented, along with buttons for each answer.
1545    /// When a button is clicked, the returned Receiver will receive the index of the clicked button.
1546    pub fn prompt(
1547        &self,
1548        level: PromptLevel,
1549        message: &str,
1550        detail: Option<&str>,
1551        answers: &[&str],
1552    ) -> oneshot::Receiver<usize> {
1553        self.window
1554            .platform_window
1555            .prompt(level, message, detail, answers)
1556    }
1557
1558    /// Returns all available actions for the focused element.
1559    pub fn available_actions(&self) -> Vec<Box<dyn Action>> {
1560        let node_id = self
1561            .window
1562            .focus
1563            .and_then(|focus_id| {
1564                self.window
1565                    .rendered_frame
1566                    .dispatch_tree
1567                    .focusable_node_id(focus_id)
1568            })
1569            .unwrap_or_else(|| self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.root_node_id());
1570
1571        self.window
1572            .rendered_frame
1573            .dispatch_tree
1574            .available_actions(node_id)
1575    }
1576
1577    /// Returns key bindings that invoke the given action on the currently focused element.
1578    pub fn bindings_for_action(&self, action: &dyn Action) -> Vec<KeyBinding> {
1579        self.window
1580            .rendered_frame
1581            .dispatch_tree
1582            .bindings_for_action(
1583                action,
1584                &self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.context_stack,
1585            )
1586    }
1587
1588    /// Returns any bindings that would invoke the given action on the given focus handle if it were focused.
1589    pub fn bindings_for_action_in(
1590        &self,
1591        action: &dyn Action,
1592        focus_handle: &FocusHandle,
1593    ) -> Vec<KeyBinding> {
1594        let dispatch_tree = &self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree;
1595
1596        let Some(node_id) = dispatch_tree.focusable_node_id(focus_handle.id) else {
1597            return vec![];
1598        };
1599        let context_stack: Vec<_> = dispatch_tree
1600            .dispatch_path(node_id)
1601            .into_iter()
1602            .filter_map(|node_id| dispatch_tree.node(node_id).context.clone())
1603            .collect();
1604        dispatch_tree.bindings_for_action(action, &context_stack)
1605    }
1606
1607    /// Returns a generic event listener that invokes the given listener with the view and context associated with the given view handle.
1608    pub fn listener_for<V: Render, E>(
1609        &self,
1610        view: &View<V>,
1611        f: impl Fn(&mut V, &E, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
1612    ) -> impl Fn(&E, &mut WindowContext) + 'static {
1613        let view = view.downgrade();
1614        move |e: &E, cx: &mut WindowContext| {
1615            view.update(cx, |view, cx| f(view, e, cx)).ok();
1616        }
1617    }
1618
1619    /// Returns a generic handler that invokes the given handler with the view and context associated with the given view handle.
1620    pub fn handler_for<V: Render>(
1621        &self,
1622        view: &View<V>,
1623        f: impl Fn(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
1624    ) -> impl Fn(&mut WindowContext) {
1625        let view = view.downgrade();
1626        move |cx: &mut WindowContext| {
1627            view.update(cx, |view, cx| f(view, cx)).ok();
1628        }
1629    }
1630
1631    /// Register a callback that can interrupt the closing of the current window based the returned boolean.
1632    /// If the callback returns false, the window won't be closed.
1633    pub fn on_window_should_close(&mut self, f: impl Fn(&mut WindowContext) -> bool + 'static) {
1634        let mut this = self.to_async();
1635        self.window
1636            .platform_window
1637            .on_should_close(Box::new(move || this.update(|cx| f(cx)).unwrap_or(true)))
1638    }
1639
1640    pub(crate) fn parent_view_id(&self) -> EntityId {
1641        *self
1642            .window
1643            .next_frame
1644            .view_stack
1645            .last()
1646            .expect("a view should always be on the stack while drawing")
1647    }
1648
1649    /// Register an action listener on the window for the next frame. The type of action
1650    /// is determined by the first parameter of the given listener. When the next frame is rendered
1651    /// the listener will be cleared.
1652    ///
1653    /// This is a fairly low-level method, so prefer using action handlers on elements unless you have
1654    /// a specific need to register a global listener.
1655    pub fn on_action(
1656        &mut self,
1657        action_type: TypeId,
1658        listener: impl Fn(&dyn Any, DispatchPhase, &mut WindowContext) + 'static,
1659    ) {
1660        self.window
1661            .next_frame
1662            .dispatch_tree
1663            .on_action(action_type, Rc::new(listener));
1664    }
1665}
1666
1667impl Context for WindowContext<'_> {
1668    type Result<T> = T;
1669
1670    fn new_model<T>(&mut self, build_model: impl FnOnce(&mut ModelContext<'_, T>) -> T) -> Model<T>
1671    where
1672        T: 'static,
1673    {
1674        let slot = self.app.entities.reserve();
1675        let model = build_model(&mut ModelContext::new(&mut *self.app, slot.downgrade()));
1676        self.entities.insert(slot, model)
1677    }
1678
1679    fn update_model<T: 'static, R>(
1680        &mut self,
1681        model: &Model<T>,
1682        update: impl FnOnce(&mut T, &mut ModelContext<'_, T>) -> R,
1683    ) -> R {
1684        let mut entity = self.entities.lease(model);
1685        let result = update(
1686            &mut *entity,
1687            &mut ModelContext::new(&mut *self.app, model.downgrade()),
1688        );
1689        self.entities.end_lease(entity);
1690        result
1691    }
1692
1693    fn update_window<T, F>(&mut self, window: AnyWindowHandle, update: F) -> Result<T>
1694    where
1695        F: FnOnce(AnyView, &mut WindowContext<'_>) -> T,
1696    {
1697        if window == self.window.handle {
1698            let root_view = self.window.root_view.clone().unwrap();
1699            Ok(update(root_view, self))
1700        } else {
1701            window.update(self.app, update)
1702        }
1703    }
1704
1705    fn read_model<T, R>(
1706        &self,
1707        handle: &Model<T>,
1708        read: impl FnOnce(&T, &AppContext) -> R,
1709    ) -> Self::Result<R>
1710    where
1711        T: 'static,
1712    {
1713        let entity = self.entities.read(handle);
1714        read(entity, &*self.app)
1715    }
1716
1717    fn read_window<T, R>(
1718        &self,
1719        window: &WindowHandle<T>,
1720        read: impl FnOnce(View<T>, &AppContext) -> R,
1721    ) -> Result<R>
1722    where
1723        T: 'static,
1724    {
1725        if window.any_handle == self.window.handle {
1726            let root_view = self
1727                .window
1728                .root_view
1729                .clone()
1730                .unwrap()
1731                .downcast::<T>()
1732                .map_err(|_| anyhow!("the type of the window's root view has changed"))?;
1733            Ok(read(root_view, self))
1734        } else {
1735            self.app.read_window(window, read)
1736        }
1737    }
1738}
1739
1740impl VisualContext for WindowContext<'_> {
1741    fn new_view<V>(
1742        &mut self,
1743        build_view_state: impl FnOnce(&mut ViewContext<'_, V>) -> V,
1744    ) -> Self::Result<View<V>>
1745    where
1746        V: 'static + Render,
1747    {
1748        let slot = self.app.entities.reserve();
1749        let view = View {
1750            model: slot.clone(),
1751        };
1752        let mut cx = ViewContext::new(&mut *self.app, &mut *self.window, &view);
1753        let entity = build_view_state(&mut cx);
1754        cx.entities.insert(slot, entity);
1755
1756        // Non-generic part to avoid leaking SubscriberSet to invokers of `new_view`.
1757        fn notify_observers(cx: &mut WindowContext, tid: TypeId, view: AnyView) {
1758            cx.new_view_observers.clone().retain(&tid, |observer| {
1759                let any_view = view.clone();
1760                (observer)(any_view, cx);
1761                true
1762            });
1763        }
1764        notify_observers(self, TypeId::of::<V>(), AnyView::from(view.clone()));
1765
1766        view
1767    }
1768
1769    /// Updates the given view. Prefer calling [`View::update`] instead, which calls this method.
1770    fn update_view<T: 'static, R>(
1771        &mut self,
1772        view: &View<T>,
1773        update: impl FnOnce(&mut T, &mut ViewContext<'_, T>) -> R,
1774    ) -> Self::Result<R> {
1775        let mut lease = self.app.entities.lease(&view.model);
1776        let mut cx = ViewContext::new(&mut *self.app, &mut *self.window, view);
1777        let result = update(&mut *lease, &mut cx);
1778        cx.app.entities.end_lease(lease);
1779        result
1780    }
1781
1782    fn replace_root_view<V>(
1783        &mut self,
1784        build_view: impl FnOnce(&mut ViewContext<'_, V>) -> V,
1785    ) -> Self::Result<View<V>>
1786    where
1787        V: 'static + Render,
1788    {
1789        let view = self.new_view(build_view);
1790        self.window.root_view = Some(view.clone().into());
1791        self.refresh();
1792        view
1793    }
1794
1795    fn focus_view<V: crate::FocusableView>(&mut self, view: &View<V>) -> Self::Result<()> {
1796        self.update_view(view, |view, cx| {
1797            view.focus_handle(cx).clone().focus(cx);
1798        })
1799    }
1800
1801    fn dismiss_view<V>(&mut self, view: &View<V>) -> Self::Result<()>
1802    where
1803        V: ManagedView,
1804    {
1805        self.update_view(view, |_, cx| cx.emit(DismissEvent))
1806    }
1807}
1808
1809impl<'a> std::ops::Deref for WindowContext<'a> {
1810    type Target = AppContext;
1811
1812    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
1813        self.app
1814    }
1815}
1816
1817impl<'a> std::ops::DerefMut for WindowContext<'a> {
1818    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
1819        self.app
1820    }
1821}
1822
1823impl<'a> Borrow<AppContext> for WindowContext<'a> {
1824    fn borrow(&self) -> &AppContext {
1825        self.app
1826    }
1827}
1828
1829impl<'a> BorrowMut<AppContext> for WindowContext<'a> {
1830    fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut AppContext {
1831        self.app
1832    }
1833}
1834
1835/// This trait contains functionality that is shared across [`ViewContext`] and [`WindowContext`]
1836pub trait BorrowWindow: BorrowMut<Window> + BorrowMut<AppContext> {
1837    #[doc(hidden)]
1838    fn app_mut(&mut self) -> &mut AppContext {
1839        self.borrow_mut()
1840    }
1841
1842    #[doc(hidden)]
1843    fn app(&self) -> &AppContext {
1844        self.borrow()
1845    }
1846
1847    #[doc(hidden)]
1848    fn window(&self) -> &Window {
1849        self.borrow()
1850    }
1851
1852    #[doc(hidden)]
1853    fn window_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Window {
1854        self.borrow_mut()
1855    }
1856}
1857
1858impl Borrow<Window> for WindowContext<'_> {
1859    fn borrow(&self) -> &Window {
1860        self.window
1861    }
1862}
1863
1864impl BorrowMut<Window> for WindowContext<'_> {
1865    fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Window {
1866        self.window
1867    }
1868}
1869
1870impl<T> BorrowWindow for T where T: BorrowMut<AppContext> + BorrowMut<Window> {}
1871
1872/// Provides access to application state that is specialized for a particular [`View`].
1873/// Allows you to interact with focus, emit events, etc.
1874/// ViewContext also derefs to [`WindowContext`], giving you access to all of its methods as well.
1875/// When you call [`View::update`], you're passed a `&mut V` and an `&mut ViewContext<V>`.
1876pub struct ViewContext<'a, V> {
1877    window_cx: WindowContext<'a>,
1878    view: &'a View<V>,
1879}
1880
1881impl<V> Borrow<AppContext> for ViewContext<'_, V> {
1882    fn borrow(&self) -> &AppContext {
1883        &*self.window_cx.app
1884    }
1885}
1886
1887impl<V> BorrowMut<AppContext> for ViewContext<'_, V> {
1888    fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut AppContext {
1889        &mut *self.window_cx.app
1890    }
1891}
1892
1893impl<V> Borrow<Window> for ViewContext<'_, V> {
1894    fn borrow(&self) -> &Window {
1895        &*self.window_cx.window
1896    }
1897}
1898
1899impl<V> BorrowMut<Window> for ViewContext<'_, V> {
1900    fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Window {
1901        &mut *self.window_cx.window
1902    }
1903}
1904
1905impl<'a, V: 'static> ViewContext<'a, V> {
1906    pub(crate) fn new(app: &'a mut AppContext, window: &'a mut Window, view: &'a View<V>) -> Self {
1907        Self {
1908            window_cx: WindowContext::new(app, window),
1909            view,
1910        }
1911    }
1912
1913    /// Get the entity_id of this view.
1914    pub fn entity_id(&self) -> EntityId {
1915        self.view.entity_id()
1916    }
1917
1918    /// Get the view pointer underlying this context.
1919    pub fn view(&self) -> &View<V> {
1920        self.view
1921    }
1922
1923    /// Get the model underlying this view.
1924    pub fn model(&self) -> &Model<V> {
1925        &self.view.model
1926    }
1927
1928    /// Access the underlying window context.
1929    pub fn window_context(&mut self) -> &mut WindowContext<'a> {
1930        &mut self.window_cx
1931    }
1932
1933    /// Sets a given callback to be run on the next frame.
1934    pub fn on_next_frame(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static)
1935    where
1936        V: 'static,
1937    {
1938        let view = self.view().clone();
1939        self.window_cx.on_next_frame(move |cx| view.update(cx, f));
1940    }
1941
1942    /// Schedules the given function to be run at the end of the current effect cycle, allowing entities
1943    /// that are currently on the stack to be returned to the app.
1944    pub fn defer(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static) {
1945        let view = self.view().downgrade();
1946        self.window_cx.defer(move |cx| {
1947            view.update(cx, f).ok();
1948        });
1949    }
1950
1951    /// Observe another model or view for changes to its state, as tracked by [`ModelContext::notify`].
1952    pub fn observe<V2, E>(
1953        &mut self,
1954        entity: &E,
1955        mut on_notify: impl FnMut(&mut V, E, &mut ViewContext<'_, V>) + 'static,
1956    ) -> Subscription
1957    where
1958        V2: 'static,
1959        V: 'static,
1960        E: Entity<V2>,
1961    {
1962        let view = self.view().downgrade();
1963        let entity_id = entity.entity_id();
1964        let entity = entity.downgrade();
1965        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
1966        self.app.new_observer(
1967            entity_id,
1968            Box::new(move |cx| {
1969                window_handle
1970                    .update(cx, |_, cx| {
1971                        if let Some(handle) = E::upgrade_from(&entity) {
1972                            view.update(cx, |this, cx| on_notify(this, handle, cx))
1973                                .is_ok()
1974                        } else {
1975                            false
1976                        }
1977                    })
1978                    .unwrap_or(false)
1979            }),
1980        )
1981    }
1982
1983    /// Subscribe to events emitted by another model or view.
1984    /// The entity to which you're subscribing must implement the [`EventEmitter`] trait.
1985    /// The callback will be invoked with a reference to the current view, a handle to the emitting entity (either a [`View`] or [`Model`]), the event, and a view context for the current view.
1986    pub fn subscribe<V2, E, Evt>(
1987        &mut self,
1988        entity: &E,
1989        mut on_event: impl FnMut(&mut V, E, &Evt, &mut ViewContext<'_, V>) + 'static,
1990    ) -> Subscription
1991    where
1992        V2: EventEmitter<Evt>,
1993        E: Entity<V2>,
1994        Evt: 'static,
1995    {
1996        let view = self.view().downgrade();
1997        let entity_id = entity.entity_id();
1998        let handle = entity.downgrade();
1999        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
2000        self.app.new_subscription(
2001            entity_id,
2002            (
2003                TypeId::of::<Evt>(),
2004                Box::new(move |event, cx| {
2005                    window_handle
2006                        .update(cx, |_, cx| {
2007                            if let Some(handle) = E::upgrade_from(&handle) {
2008                                let event = event.downcast_ref().expect("invalid event type");
2009                                view.update(cx, |this, cx| on_event(this, handle, event, cx))
2010                                    .is_ok()
2011                            } else {
2012                                false
2013                            }
2014                        })
2015                        .unwrap_or(false)
2016                }),
2017            ),
2018        )
2019    }
2020
2021    /// Register a callback to be invoked when the view is released.
2022    ///
2023    /// The callback receives a handle to the view's window. This handle may be
2024    /// invalid, if the window was closed before the view was released.
2025    pub fn on_release(
2026        &mut self,
2027        on_release: impl FnOnce(&mut V, AnyWindowHandle, &mut AppContext) + 'static,
2028    ) -> Subscription {
2029        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
2030        let (subscription, activate) = self.app.release_listeners.insert(
2031            self.view.model.entity_id,
2032            Box::new(move |this, cx| {
2033                let this = this.downcast_mut().expect("invalid entity type");
2034                on_release(this, window_handle, cx)
2035            }),
2036        );
2037        activate();
2038        subscription
2039    }
2040
2041    /// Register a callback to be invoked when the given Model or View is released.
2042    pub fn observe_release<V2, E>(
2043        &mut self,
2044        entity: &E,
2045        mut on_release: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut V2, &mut ViewContext<'_, V>) + 'static,
2046    ) -> Subscription
2047    where
2048        V: 'static,
2049        V2: 'static,
2050        E: Entity<V2>,
2051    {
2052        let view = self.view().downgrade();
2053        let entity_id = entity.entity_id();
2054        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
2055        let (subscription, activate) = self.app.release_listeners.insert(
2056            entity_id,
2057            Box::new(move |entity, cx| {
2058                let entity = entity.downcast_mut().expect("invalid entity type");
2059                let _ = window_handle.update(cx, |_, cx| {
2060                    view.update(cx, |this, cx| on_release(this, entity, cx))
2061                });
2062            }),
2063        );
2064        activate();
2065        subscription
2066    }
2067
2068    /// Indicate that this view has changed, which will invoke any observers and also mark the window as dirty.
2069    /// If this view or any of its ancestors are *cached*, notifying it will cause it or its ancestors to be redrawn.
2070    pub fn notify(&mut self) {
2071        for view_id in self
2072            .window
2073            .rendered_frame
2074            .dispatch_tree
2075            .view_path(self.view.entity_id())
2076            .into_iter()
2077            .rev()
2078        {
2079            if !self.window.dirty_views.insert(view_id) {
2080                break;
2081            }
2082        }
2083
2084        if !self.window.drawing {
2085            self.window_cx.window.dirty.set(true);
2086            self.window_cx.app.push_effect(Effect::Notify {
2087                emitter: self.view.model.entity_id,
2088            });
2089        }
2090    }
2091
2092    /// Register a callback to be invoked when the window is resized.
2093    pub fn observe_window_bounds(
2094        &mut self,
2095        mut callback: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2096    ) -> Subscription {
2097        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2098        let (subscription, activate) = self.window.bounds_observers.insert(
2099            (),
2100            Box::new(move |cx| view.update(cx, |view, cx| callback(view, cx)).is_ok()),
2101        );
2102        activate();
2103        subscription
2104    }
2105
2106    /// Register a callback to be invoked when the window is activated or deactivated.
2107    pub fn observe_window_activation(
2108        &mut self,
2109        mut callback: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2110    ) -> Subscription {
2111        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2112        let (subscription, activate) = self.window.activation_observers.insert(
2113            (),
2114            Box::new(move |cx| view.update(cx, |view, cx| callback(view, cx)).is_ok()),
2115        );
2116        activate();
2117        subscription
2118    }
2119
2120    /// Registers a callback to be invoked when the window appearance changes.
2121    pub fn observe_window_appearance(
2122        &mut self,
2123        mut callback: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2124    ) -> Subscription {
2125        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2126        let (subscription, activate) = self.window.appearance_observers.insert(
2127            (),
2128            Box::new(move |cx| view.update(cx, |view, cx| callback(view, cx)).is_ok()),
2129        );
2130        activate();
2131        subscription
2132    }
2133
2134    /// Register a listener to be called when the given focus handle receives focus.
2135    /// Returns a subscription and persists until the subscription is dropped.
2136    pub fn on_focus(
2137        &mut self,
2138        handle: &FocusHandle,
2139        mut listener: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2140    ) -> Subscription {
2141        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2142        let focus_id = handle.id;
2143        let (subscription, activate) =
2144            self.window.new_focus_listener(Box::new(move |event, cx| {
2145                view.update(cx, |view, cx| {
2146                    if event.previous_focus_path.last() != Some(&focus_id)
2147                        && event.current_focus_path.last() == Some(&focus_id)
2148                    {
2149                        listener(view, cx)
2150                    }
2151                })
2152                .is_ok()
2153            }));
2154        self.app.defer(|_| activate());
2155        subscription
2156    }
2157
2158    /// Register a listener to be called when the given focus handle or one of its descendants receives focus.
2159    /// Returns a subscription and persists until the subscription is dropped.
2160    pub fn on_focus_in(
2161        &mut self,
2162        handle: &FocusHandle,
2163        mut listener: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2164    ) -> Subscription {
2165        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2166        let focus_id = handle.id;
2167        let (subscription, activate) =
2168            self.window.new_focus_listener(Box::new(move |event, cx| {
2169                view.update(cx, |view, cx| {
2170                    if !event.previous_focus_path.contains(&focus_id)
2171                        && event.current_focus_path.contains(&focus_id)
2172                    {
2173                        listener(view, cx)
2174                    }
2175                })
2176                .is_ok()
2177            }));
2178        self.app.defer(move |_| activate());
2179        subscription
2180    }
2181
2182    /// Register a listener to be called when the given focus handle loses focus.
2183    /// Returns a subscription and persists until the subscription is dropped.
2184    pub fn on_blur(
2185        &mut self,
2186        handle: &FocusHandle,
2187        mut listener: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2188    ) -> Subscription {
2189        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2190        let focus_id = handle.id;
2191        let (subscription, activate) =
2192            self.window.new_focus_listener(Box::new(move |event, cx| {
2193                view.update(cx, |view, cx| {
2194                    if event.previous_focus_path.last() == Some(&focus_id)
2195                        && event.current_focus_path.last() != Some(&focus_id)
2196                    {
2197                        listener(view, cx)
2198                    }
2199                })
2200                .is_ok()
2201            }));
2202        self.app.defer(move |_| activate());
2203        subscription
2204    }
2205
2206    /// Register a listener to be called when nothing in the window has focus.
2207    /// This typically happens when the node that was focused is removed from the tree,
2208    /// and this callback lets you chose a default place to restore the users focus.
2209    /// Returns a subscription and persists until the subscription is dropped.
2210    pub fn on_focus_lost(
2211        &mut self,
2212        mut listener: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2213    ) -> Subscription {
2214        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2215        let (subscription, activate) = self.window.focus_lost_listeners.insert(
2216            (),
2217            Box::new(move |cx| view.update(cx, |view, cx| listener(view, cx)).is_ok()),
2218        );
2219        activate();
2220        subscription
2221    }
2222
2223    /// Register a listener to be called when the given focus handle or one of its descendants loses focus.
2224    /// Returns a subscription and persists until the subscription is dropped.
2225    pub fn on_focus_out(
2226        &mut self,
2227        handle: &FocusHandle,
2228        mut listener: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2229    ) -> Subscription {
2230        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2231        let focus_id = handle.id;
2232        let (subscription, activate) =
2233            self.window.new_focus_listener(Box::new(move |event, cx| {
2234                view.update(cx, |view, cx| {
2235                    if event.previous_focus_path.contains(&focus_id)
2236                        && !event.current_focus_path.contains(&focus_id)
2237                    {
2238                        listener(view, cx)
2239                    }
2240                })
2241                .is_ok()
2242            }));
2243        self.app.defer(move |_| activate());
2244        subscription
2245    }
2246
2247    /// Schedule a future to be run asynchronously.
2248    /// The given callback is invoked with a [`WeakView<V>`] to avoid leaking the view for a long-running process.
2249    /// It's also given an [`AsyncWindowContext`], which can be used to access the state of the view across await points.
2250    /// The returned future will be polled on the main thread.
2251    pub fn spawn<Fut, R>(
2252        &mut self,
2253        f: impl FnOnce(WeakView<V>, AsyncWindowContext) -> Fut,
2254    ) -> Task<R>
2255    where
2256        R: 'static,
2257        Fut: Future<Output = R> + 'static,
2258    {
2259        let view = self.view().downgrade();
2260        self.window_cx.spawn(|cx| f(view, cx))
2261    }
2262
2263    /// Updates the global state of the given type.
2264    pub fn update_global<G, R>(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut G, &mut Self) -> R) -> R
2265    where
2266        G: Global,
2267    {
2268        let mut global = self.app.lease_global::<G>();
2269        let result = f(&mut global, self);
2270        self.app.end_global_lease(global);
2271        result
2272    }
2273
2274    /// Register a callback to be invoked when the given global state changes.
2275    pub fn observe_global<G: Global>(
2276        &mut self,
2277        mut f: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<'_, V>) + 'static,
2278    ) -> Subscription {
2279        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
2280        let view = self.view().downgrade();
2281        let (subscription, activate) = self.global_observers.insert(
2282            TypeId::of::<G>(),
2283            Box::new(move |cx| {
2284                window_handle
2285                    .update(cx, |_, cx| view.update(cx, |view, cx| f(view, cx)).is_ok())
2286                    .unwrap_or(false)
2287            }),
2288        );
2289        self.app.defer(move |_| activate());
2290        subscription
2291    }
2292
2293    /// Register a callback to be invoked when the given Action type is dispatched to the window.
2294    pub fn on_action(
2295        &mut self,
2296        action_type: TypeId,
2297        listener: impl Fn(&mut V, &dyn Any, DispatchPhase, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2298    ) {
2299        let handle = self.view().clone();
2300        self.window_cx
2301            .on_action(action_type, move |action, phase, cx| {
2302                handle.update(cx, |view, cx| {
2303                    listener(view, action, phase, cx);
2304                })
2305            });
2306    }
2307
2308    /// Emit an event to be handled any other views that have subscribed via [ViewContext::subscribe].
2309    pub fn emit<Evt>(&mut self, event: Evt)
2310    where
2311        Evt: 'static,
2312        V: EventEmitter<Evt>,
2313    {
2314        let emitter = self.view.model.entity_id;
2315        self.app.push_effect(Effect::Emit {
2316            emitter,
2317            event_type: TypeId::of::<Evt>(),
2318            event: Box::new(event),
2319        });
2320    }
2321
2322    /// Move focus to the current view, assuming it implements [`FocusableView`].
2323    pub fn focus_self(&mut self)
2324    where
2325        V: FocusableView,
2326    {
2327        self.defer(|view, cx| view.focus_handle(cx).focus(cx))
2328    }
2329
2330    /// Convenience method for accessing view state in an event callback.
2331    ///
2332    /// Many GPUI callbacks take the form of `Fn(&E, &mut WindowContext)`,
2333    /// but it's often useful to be able to access view state in these
2334    /// callbacks. This method provides a convenient way to do so.
2335    pub fn listener<E>(
2336        &self,
2337        f: impl Fn(&mut V, &E, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2338    ) -> impl Fn(&E, &mut WindowContext) + 'static {
2339        let view = self.view().downgrade();
2340        move |e: &E, cx: &mut WindowContext| {
2341            view.update(cx, |view, cx| f(view, e, cx)).ok();
2342        }
2343    }
2344}
2345
2346impl<V> Context for ViewContext<'_, V> {
2347    type Result<U> = U;
2348
2349    fn new_model<T: 'static>(
2350        &mut self,
2351        build_model: impl FnOnce(&mut ModelContext<'_, T>) -> T,
2352    ) -> Model<T> {
2353        self.window_cx.new_model(build_model)
2354    }
2355
2356    fn update_model<T: 'static, R>(
2357        &mut self,
2358        model: &Model<T>,
2359        update: impl FnOnce(&mut T, &mut ModelContext<'_, T>) -> R,
2360    ) -> R {
2361        self.window_cx.update_model(model, update)
2362    }
2363
2364    fn update_window<T, F>(&mut self, window: AnyWindowHandle, update: F) -> Result<T>
2365    where
2366        F: FnOnce(AnyView, &mut WindowContext<'_>) -> T,
2367    {
2368        self.window_cx.update_window(window, update)
2369    }
2370
2371    fn read_model<T, R>(
2372        &self,
2373        handle: &Model<T>,
2374        read: impl FnOnce(&T, &AppContext) -> R,
2375    ) -> Self::Result<R>
2376    where
2377        T: 'static,
2378    {
2379        self.window_cx.read_model(handle, read)
2380    }
2381
2382    fn read_window<T, R>(
2383        &self,
2384        window: &WindowHandle<T>,
2385        read: impl FnOnce(View<T>, &AppContext) -> R,
2386    ) -> Result<R>
2387    where
2388        T: 'static,
2389    {
2390        self.window_cx.read_window(window, read)
2391    }
2392}
2393
2394impl<V: 'static> VisualContext for ViewContext<'_, V> {
2395    fn new_view<W: Render + 'static>(
2396        &mut self,
2397        build_view_state: impl FnOnce(&mut ViewContext<'_, W>) -> W,
2398    ) -> Self::Result<View<W>> {
2399        self.window_cx.new_view(build_view_state)
2400    }
2401
2402    fn update_view<V2: 'static, R>(
2403        &mut self,
2404        view: &View<V2>,
2405        update: impl FnOnce(&mut V2, &mut ViewContext<'_, V2>) -> R,
2406    ) -> Self::Result<R> {
2407        self.window_cx.update_view(view, update)
2408    }
2409
2410    fn replace_root_view<W>(
2411        &mut self,
2412        build_view: impl FnOnce(&mut ViewContext<'_, W>) -> W,
2413    ) -> Self::Result<View<W>>
2414    where
2415        W: 'static + Render,
2416    {
2417        self.window_cx.replace_root_view(build_view)
2418    }
2419
2420    fn focus_view<W: FocusableView>(&mut self, view: &View<W>) -> Self::Result<()> {
2421        self.window_cx.focus_view(view)
2422    }
2423
2424    fn dismiss_view<W: ManagedView>(&mut self, view: &View<W>) -> Self::Result<()> {
2425        self.window_cx.dismiss_view(view)
2426    }
2427}
2428
2429impl<'a, V> std::ops::Deref for ViewContext<'a, V> {
2430    type Target = WindowContext<'a>;
2431
2432    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
2433        &self.window_cx
2434    }
2435}
2436
2437impl<'a, V> std::ops::DerefMut for ViewContext<'a, V> {
2438    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
2439        &mut self.window_cx
2440    }
2441}
2442
2443// #[derive(Clone, Copy, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
2444slotmap::new_key_type! {
2445    /// A unique identifier for a window.
2446    pub struct WindowId;
2447}
2448
2449impl WindowId {
2450    /// Converts this window ID to a `u64`.
2451    pub fn as_u64(&self) -> u64 {
2452        self.0.as_ffi()
2453    }
2454}
2455
2456/// A handle to a window with a specific root view type.
2457/// Note that this does not keep the window alive on its own.
2458#[derive(Deref, DerefMut)]
2459pub struct WindowHandle<V> {
2460    #[deref]
2461    #[deref_mut]
2462    pub(crate) any_handle: AnyWindowHandle,
2463    state_type: PhantomData<V>,
2464}
2465
2466impl<V: 'static + Render> WindowHandle<V> {
2467    /// Creates a new handle from a window ID.
2468    /// This does not check if the root type of the window is `V`.
2469    pub fn new(id: WindowId) -> Self {
2470        WindowHandle {
2471            any_handle: AnyWindowHandle {
2472                id,
2473                state_type: TypeId::of::<V>(),
2474            },
2475            state_type: PhantomData,
2476        }
2477    }
2478
2479    /// Get the root view out of this window.
2480    ///
2481    /// This will fail if the window is closed or if the root view's type does not match `V`.
2482    pub fn root<C>(&self, cx: &mut C) -> Result<View<V>>
2483    where
2484        C: Context,
2485    {
2486        Flatten::flatten(cx.update_window(self.any_handle, |root_view, _| {
2487            root_view
2488                .downcast::<V>()
2489                .map_err(|_| anyhow!("the type of the window's root view has changed"))
2490        }))
2491    }
2492
2493    /// Updates the root view of this window.
2494    ///
2495    /// This will fail if the window has been closed or if the root view's type does not match
2496    pub fn update<C, R>(
2497        &self,
2498        cx: &mut C,
2499        update: impl FnOnce(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<'_, V>) -> R,
2500    ) -> Result<R>
2501    where
2502        C: Context,
2503    {
2504        cx.update_window(self.any_handle, |root_view, cx| {
2505            let view = root_view
2506                .downcast::<V>()
2507                .map_err(|_| anyhow!("the type of the window's root view has changed"))?;
2508            Ok(cx.update_view(&view, update))
2509        })?
2510    }
2511
2512    /// Read the root view out of this window.
2513    ///
2514    /// This will fail if the window is closed or if the root view's type does not match `V`.
2515    pub fn read<'a>(&self, cx: &'a AppContext) -> Result<&'a V> {
2516        let x = cx
2517            .windows
2518            .get(self.id)
2519            .and_then(|window| {
2520                window
2521                    .as_ref()
2522                    .and_then(|window| window.root_view.clone())
2523                    .map(|root_view| root_view.downcast::<V>())
2524            })
2525            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("window not found"))?
2526            .map_err(|_| anyhow!("the type of the window's root view has changed"))?;
2527
2528        Ok(x.read(cx))
2529    }
2530
2531    /// Read the root view out of this window, with a callback
2532    ///
2533    /// This will fail if the window is closed or if the root view's type does not match `V`.
2534    pub fn read_with<C, R>(&self, cx: &C, read_with: impl FnOnce(&V, &AppContext) -> R) -> Result<R>
2535    where
2536        C: Context,
2537    {
2538        cx.read_window(self, |root_view, cx| read_with(root_view.read(cx), cx))
2539    }
2540
2541    /// Read the root view pointer off of this window.
2542    ///
2543    /// This will fail if the window is closed or if the root view's type does not match `V`.
2544    pub fn root_view<C>(&self, cx: &C) -> Result<View<V>>
2545    where
2546        C: Context,
2547    {
2548        cx.read_window(self, |root_view, _cx| root_view.clone())
2549    }
2550
2551    /// Check if this window is 'active'.
2552    ///
2553    /// Will return `None` if the window is closed or currently
2554    /// borrowed.
2555    pub fn is_active(&self, cx: &mut AppContext) -> Option<bool> {
2556        cx.update_window(self.any_handle, |_, cx| cx.is_window_active())
2557            .ok()
2558    }
2559}
2560
2561impl<V> Copy for WindowHandle<V> {}
2562
2563impl<V> Clone for WindowHandle<V> {
2564    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
2565        *self
2566    }
2567}
2568
2569impl<V> PartialEq for WindowHandle<V> {
2570    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
2571        self.any_handle == other.any_handle
2572    }
2573}
2574
2575impl<V> Eq for WindowHandle<V> {}
2576
2577impl<V> Hash for WindowHandle<V> {
2578    fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
2579        self.any_handle.hash(state);
2580    }
2581}
2582
2583impl<V: 'static> From<WindowHandle<V>> for AnyWindowHandle {
2584    fn from(val: WindowHandle<V>) -> Self {
2585        val.any_handle
2586    }
2587}
2588
2589/// A handle to a window with any root view type, which can be downcast to a window with a specific root view type.
2590#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
2591pub struct AnyWindowHandle {
2592    pub(crate) id: WindowId,
2593    state_type: TypeId,
2594}
2595
2596impl AnyWindowHandle {
2597    /// Get the ID of this window.
2598    pub fn window_id(&self) -> WindowId {
2599        self.id
2600    }
2601
2602    /// Attempt to convert this handle to a window handle with a specific root view type.
2603    /// If the types do not match, this will return `None`.
2604    pub fn downcast<T: 'static>(&self) -> Option<WindowHandle<T>> {
2605        if TypeId::of::<T>() == self.state_type {
2606            Some(WindowHandle {
2607                any_handle: *self,
2608                state_type: PhantomData,
2609            })
2610        } else {
2611            None
2612        }
2613    }
2614
2615    /// Updates the state of the root view of this window.
2616    ///
2617    /// This will fail if the window has been closed.
2618    pub fn update<C, R>(
2619        self,
2620        cx: &mut C,
2621        update: impl FnOnce(AnyView, &mut WindowContext<'_>) -> R,
2622    ) -> Result<R>
2623    where
2624        C: Context,
2625    {
2626        cx.update_window(self, update)
2627    }
2628
2629    /// Read the state of the root view of this window.
2630    ///
2631    /// This will fail if the window has been closed.
2632    pub fn read<T, C, R>(self, cx: &C, read: impl FnOnce(View<T>, &AppContext) -> R) -> Result<R>
2633    where
2634        C: Context,
2635        T: 'static,
2636    {
2637        let view = self
2638            .downcast::<T>()
2639            .context("the type of the window's root view has changed")?;
2640
2641        cx.read_window(&view, read)
2642    }
2643}
2644
2645/// An identifier for an [`Element`](crate::Element).
2646///
2647/// Can be constructed with a string, a number, or both, as well
2648/// as other internal representations.
2649#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
2650pub enum ElementId {
2651    /// The ID of a View element
2652    View(EntityId),
2653    /// An integer ID.
2654    Integer(usize),
2655    /// A string based ID.
2656    Name(SharedString),
2657    /// An ID that's equated with a focus handle.
2658    FocusHandle(FocusId),
2659    /// A combination of a name and an integer.
2660    NamedInteger(SharedString, usize),
2661}
2662
2663impl Display for ElementId {
2664    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
2665        match self {
2666            ElementId::View(entity_id) => write!(f, "view-{}", entity_id)?,
2667            ElementId::Integer(ix) => write!(f, "{}", ix)?,
2668            ElementId::Name(name) => write!(f, "{}", name)?,
2669            ElementId::FocusHandle(_) => write!(f, "FocusHandle")?,
2670            ElementId::NamedInteger(s, i) => write!(f, "{}-{}", s, i)?,
2671        }
2672
2673        Ok(())
2674    }
2675}
2676
2677impl ElementId {
2678    pub(crate) fn from_entity_id(entity_id: EntityId) -> Self {
2679        ElementId::View(entity_id)
2680    }
2681}
2682
2683impl TryInto<SharedString> for ElementId {
2684    type Error = anyhow::Error;
2685
2686    fn try_into(self) -> anyhow::Result<SharedString> {
2687        if let ElementId::Name(name) = self {
2688            Ok(name)
2689        } else {
2690            Err(anyhow!("element id is not string"))
2691        }
2692    }
2693}
2694
2695impl From<usize> for ElementId {
2696    fn from(id: usize) -> Self {
2697        ElementId::Integer(id)
2698    }
2699}
2700
2701impl From<i32> for ElementId {
2702    fn from(id: i32) -> Self {
2703        Self::Integer(id as usize)
2704    }
2705}
2706
2707impl From<SharedString> for ElementId {
2708    fn from(name: SharedString) -> Self {
2709        ElementId::Name(name)
2710    }
2711}
2712
2713impl From<&'static str> for ElementId {
2714    fn from(name: &'static str) -> Self {
2715        ElementId::Name(name.into())
2716    }
2717}
2718
2719impl<'a> From<&'a FocusHandle> for ElementId {
2720    fn from(handle: &'a FocusHandle) -> Self {
2721        ElementId::FocusHandle(handle.id)
2722    }
2723}
2724
2725impl From<(&'static str, EntityId)> for ElementId {
2726    fn from((name, id): (&'static str, EntityId)) -> Self {
2727        ElementId::NamedInteger(name.into(), id.as_u64() as usize)
2728    }
2729}
2730
2731impl From<(&'static str, usize)> for ElementId {
2732    fn from((name, id): (&'static str, usize)) -> Self {
2733        ElementId::NamedInteger(name.into(), id)
2734    }
2735}
2736
2737impl From<(&'static str, u64)> for ElementId {
2738    fn from((name, id): (&'static str, u64)) -> Self {
2739        ElementId::NamedInteger(name.into(), id as usize)
2740    }
2741}
2742
2743/// A rectangle to be rendered in the window at the given position and size.
2744/// Passed as an argument [`ElementContext::paint_quad`].
2745#[derive(Clone)]
2746pub struct PaintQuad {
2747    bounds: Bounds<Pixels>,
2748    corner_radii: Corners<Pixels>,
2749    background: Hsla,
2750    border_widths: Edges<Pixels>,
2751    border_color: Hsla,
2752}
2753
2754impl PaintQuad {
2755    /// Sets the corner radii of the quad.
2756    pub fn corner_radii(self, corner_radii: impl Into<Corners<Pixels>>) -> Self {
2757        PaintQuad {
2758            corner_radii: corner_radii.into(),
2759            ..self
2760        }
2761    }
2762
2763    /// Sets the border widths of the quad.
2764    pub fn border_widths(self, border_widths: impl Into<Edges<Pixels>>) -> Self {
2765        PaintQuad {
2766            border_widths: border_widths.into(),
2767            ..self
2768        }
2769    }
2770
2771    /// Sets the border color of the quad.
2772    pub fn border_color(self, border_color: impl Into<Hsla>) -> Self {
2773        PaintQuad {
2774            border_color: border_color.into(),
2775            ..self
2776        }
2777    }
2778
2779    /// Sets the background color of the quad.
2780    pub fn background(self, background: impl Into<Hsla>) -> Self {
2781        PaintQuad {
2782            background: background.into(),
2783            ..self
2784        }
2785    }
2786}
2787
2788/// Creates a quad with the given parameters.
2789pub fn quad(
2790    bounds: Bounds<Pixels>,
2791    corner_radii: impl Into<Corners<Pixels>>,
2792    background: impl Into<Hsla>,
2793    border_widths: impl Into<Edges<Pixels>>,
2794    border_color: impl Into<Hsla>,
2795) -> PaintQuad {
2796    PaintQuad {
2797        bounds,
2798        corner_radii: corner_radii.into(),
2799        background: background.into(),
2800        border_widths: border_widths.into(),
2801        border_color: border_color.into(),
2802    }
2803}
2804
2805/// Creates a filled quad with the given bounds and background color.
2806pub fn fill(bounds: impl Into<Bounds<Pixels>>, background: impl Into<Hsla>) -> PaintQuad {
2807    PaintQuad {
2808        bounds: bounds.into(),
2809        corner_radii: (0.).into(),
2810        background: background.into(),
2811        border_widths: (0.).into(),
2812        border_color: transparent_black(),
2813    }
2814}
2815
2816/// Creates a rectangle outline with the given bounds, border color, and a 1px border width
2817pub fn outline(bounds: impl Into<Bounds<Pixels>>, border_color: impl Into<Hsla>) -> PaintQuad {
2818    PaintQuad {
2819        bounds: bounds.into(),
2820        corner_radii: (0.).into(),
2821        background: transparent_black(),
2822        border_widths: (1.).into(),
2823        border_color: border_color.into(),
2824    }
2825}