sum_tree.rs

   1mod cursor;
   2mod tree_map;
   3
   4use arrayvec::ArrayVec;
   5pub use cursor::{Cursor, FilterCursor, Iter};
   6use std::marker::PhantomData;
   7use std::{cmp::Ordering, fmt, iter::FromIterator, sync::Arc};
   8pub use tree_map::{MapSeekTarget, TreeMap, TreeSet};
   9
  10#[cfg(test)]
  11const TREE_BASE: usize = 2;
  12#[cfg(not(test))]
  13const TREE_BASE: usize = 6;
  14
  15pub trait Item: Clone {
  16    type Summary: Summary;
  17
  18    fn summary(&self) -> Self::Summary;
  19}
  20
  21pub trait KeyedItem: Item {
  22    type Key: for<'a> Dimension<'a, Self::Summary> + Ord;
  23
  24    fn key(&self) -> Self::Key;
  25}
  26
  27pub trait Summary: Default + Clone + fmt::Debug {
  28    type Context;
  29
  30    fn add_summary(&mut self, summary: &Self, cx: &Self::Context);
  31}
  32
  33pub trait Dimension<'a, S: Summary>: Clone + fmt::Debug + Default {
  34    fn add_summary(&mut self, _summary: &'a S, _: &S::Context);
  35
  36    fn from_summary(summary: &'a S, cx: &S::Context) -> Self {
  37        let mut dimension = Self::default();
  38        dimension.add_summary(summary, cx);
  39        dimension
  40    }
  41}
  42
  43impl<'a, T: Summary> Dimension<'a, T> for T {
  44    fn add_summary(&mut self, summary: &'a T, cx: &T::Context) {
  45        Summary::add_summary(self, summary, cx);
  46    }
  47}
  48
  49pub trait SeekTarget<'a, S: Summary, D: Dimension<'a, S>>: fmt::Debug {
  50    fn cmp(&self, cursor_location: &D, cx: &S::Context) -> Ordering;
  51}
  52
  53impl<'a, S: Summary, D: Dimension<'a, S> + Ord> SeekTarget<'a, S, D> for D {
  54    fn cmp(&self, cursor_location: &Self, _: &S::Context) -> Ordering {
  55        Ord::cmp(self, cursor_location)
  56    }
  57}
  58
  59impl<'a, T: Summary> Dimension<'a, T> for () {
  60    fn add_summary(&mut self, _: &'a T, _: &T::Context) {}
  61}
  62
  63impl<'a, T: Summary, D1: Dimension<'a, T>, D2: Dimension<'a, T>> Dimension<'a, T> for (D1, D2) {
  64    fn add_summary(&mut self, summary: &'a T, cx: &T::Context) {
  65        self.0.add_summary(summary, cx);
  66        self.1.add_summary(summary, cx);
  67    }
  68}
  69
  70impl<'a, S: Summary, D1: SeekTarget<'a, S, D1> + Dimension<'a, S>, D2: Dimension<'a, S>>
  71    SeekTarget<'a, S, (D1, D2)> for D1
  72{
  73    fn cmp(&self, cursor_location: &(D1, D2), cx: &S::Context) -> Ordering {
  74        self.cmp(&cursor_location.0, cx)
  75    }
  76}
  77
  78struct End<D>(PhantomData<D>);
  79
  80impl<D> End<D> {
  81    fn new() -> Self {
  82        Self(PhantomData)
  83    }
  84}
  85
  86impl<'a, S: Summary, D: Dimension<'a, S>> SeekTarget<'a, S, D> for End<D> {
  87    fn cmp(&self, _: &D, _: &S::Context) -> Ordering {
  88        Ordering::Greater
  89    }
  90}
  91
  92impl<D> fmt::Debug for End<D> {
  93    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
  94        f.debug_tuple("End").finish()
  95    }
  96}
  97
  98#[derive(Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Ord, Debug, Hash, Default)]
  99pub enum Bias {
 100    #[default]
 101    Left,
 102    Right,
 103}
 104
 105impl Bias {
 106    pub fn invert(self) -> Self {
 107        match self {
 108            Self::Left => Self::Right,
 109            Self::Right => Self::Left,
 110        }
 111    }
 112}
 113
 114#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 115pub struct SumTree<T: Item>(Arc<Node<T>>);
 116
 117impl<T: Item> SumTree<T> {
 118    pub fn new() -> Self {
 119        SumTree(Arc::new(Node::Leaf {
 120            summary: T::Summary::default(),
 121            items: ArrayVec::new(),
 122            item_summaries: ArrayVec::new(),
 123        }))
 124    }
 125
 126    pub fn from_item(item: T, cx: &<T::Summary as Summary>::Context) -> Self {
 127        let mut tree = Self::new();
 128        tree.push(item, cx);
 129        tree
 130    }
 131
 132    pub fn from_iter<I: IntoIterator<Item = T>>(
 133        iter: I,
 134        cx: &<T::Summary as Summary>::Context,
 135    ) -> Self {
 136        let mut tree = Self::new();
 137        tree.extend(iter, cx);
 138        tree
 139    }
 140
 141    #[allow(unused)]
 142    pub fn items(&self, cx: &<T::Summary as Summary>::Context) -> Vec<T> {
 143        let mut items = Vec::new();
 144        let mut cursor = self.cursor::<()>();
 145        cursor.next(cx);
 146        while let Some(item) = cursor.item() {
 147            items.push(item.clone());
 148            cursor.next(cx);
 149        }
 150        items
 151    }
 152
 153    pub fn iter(&self) -> Iter<T> {
 154        Iter::new(self)
 155    }
 156
 157    pub fn cursor<'a, S>(&'a self) -> Cursor<T, S>
 158    where
 159        S: Dimension<'a, T::Summary>,
 160    {
 161        Cursor::new(self)
 162    }
 163
 164    /// Note: If the summary type requires a non `()` context, then the filter cursor
 165    /// that is returned cannot be used with Rust's iterators.
 166    pub fn filter<'a, F, U>(&'a self, filter_node: F) -> FilterCursor<F, T, U>
 167    where
 168        F: FnMut(&T::Summary) -> bool,
 169        U: Dimension<'a, T::Summary>,
 170    {
 171        FilterCursor::new(self, filter_node)
 172    }
 173
 174    #[allow(dead_code)]
 175    pub fn first(&self) -> Option<&T> {
 176        self.leftmost_leaf().0.items().first()
 177    }
 178
 179    pub fn last(&self) -> Option<&T> {
 180        self.rightmost_leaf().0.items().last()
 181    }
 182
 183    pub fn update_last(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut T), cx: &<T::Summary as Summary>::Context) {
 184        self.update_last_recursive(f, cx);
 185    }
 186
 187    fn update_last_recursive(
 188        &mut self,
 189        f: impl FnOnce(&mut T),
 190        cx: &<T::Summary as Summary>::Context,
 191    ) -> Option<T::Summary> {
 192        match Arc::make_mut(&mut self.0) {
 193            Node::Internal {
 194                summary,
 195                child_summaries,
 196                child_trees,
 197                ..
 198            } => {
 199                let last_summary = child_summaries.last_mut().unwrap();
 200                let last_child = child_trees.last_mut().unwrap();
 201                *last_summary = last_child.update_last_recursive(f, cx).unwrap();
 202                *summary = sum(child_summaries.iter(), cx);
 203                Some(summary.clone())
 204            }
 205            Node::Leaf {
 206                summary,
 207                items,
 208                item_summaries,
 209            } => {
 210                if let Some((item, item_summary)) = items.last_mut().zip(item_summaries.last_mut())
 211                {
 212                    (f)(item);
 213                    *item_summary = item.summary();
 214                    *summary = sum(item_summaries.iter(), cx);
 215                    Some(summary.clone())
 216                } else {
 217                    None
 218                }
 219            }
 220        }
 221    }
 222
 223    pub fn extent<'a, D: Dimension<'a, T::Summary>>(
 224        &'a self,
 225        cx: &<T::Summary as Summary>::Context,
 226    ) -> D {
 227        let mut extent = D::default();
 228        match self.0.as_ref() {
 229            Node::Internal { summary, .. } | Node::Leaf { summary, .. } => {
 230                extent.add_summary(summary, cx);
 231            }
 232        }
 233        extent
 234    }
 235
 236    pub fn summary(&self) -> &T::Summary {
 237        match self.0.as_ref() {
 238            Node::Internal { summary, .. } => summary,
 239            Node::Leaf { summary, .. } => summary,
 240        }
 241    }
 242
 243    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
 244        match self.0.as_ref() {
 245            Node::Internal { .. } => false,
 246            Node::Leaf { items, .. } => items.is_empty(),
 247        }
 248    }
 249
 250    pub fn extend<I>(&mut self, iter: I, cx: &<T::Summary as Summary>::Context)
 251    where
 252        I: IntoIterator<Item = T>,
 253    {
 254        let mut leaf: Option<Node<T>> = None;
 255
 256        for item in iter {
 257            if leaf.is_some() && leaf.as_ref().unwrap().items().len() == 2 * TREE_BASE {
 258                self.append(SumTree(Arc::new(leaf.take().unwrap())), cx);
 259            }
 260
 261            if leaf.is_none() {
 262                leaf = Some(Node::Leaf::<T> {
 263                    summary: T::Summary::default(),
 264                    items: ArrayVec::new(),
 265                    item_summaries: ArrayVec::new(),
 266                });
 267            }
 268
 269            if let Some(Node::Leaf {
 270                summary,
 271                items,
 272                item_summaries,
 273            }) = leaf.as_mut()
 274            {
 275                let item_summary = item.summary();
 276                <T::Summary as Summary>::add_summary(summary, &item_summary, cx);
 277                items.push(item);
 278                item_summaries.push(item_summary);
 279            } else {
 280                unreachable!()
 281            }
 282        }
 283
 284        if leaf.is_some() {
 285            self.append(SumTree(Arc::new(leaf.take().unwrap())), cx);
 286        }
 287    }
 288
 289    pub fn push(&mut self, item: T, cx: &<T::Summary as Summary>::Context) {
 290        let summary = item.summary();
 291        self.append(
 292            SumTree(Arc::new(Node::Leaf {
 293                summary: summary.clone(),
 294                items: ArrayVec::from_iter(Some(item)),
 295                item_summaries: ArrayVec::from_iter(Some(summary)),
 296            })),
 297            cx,
 298        );
 299    }
 300
 301    pub fn append(&mut self, other: Self, cx: &<T::Summary as Summary>::Context) {
 302        if !other.0.is_leaf() || !other.0.items().is_empty() {
 303            if self.0.height() < other.0.height() {
 304                for tree in other.0.child_trees() {
 305                    self.append(tree.clone(), cx);
 306                }
 307            } else if let Some(split_tree) = self.push_tree_recursive(other, cx) {
 308                *self = Self::from_child_trees(self.clone(), split_tree, cx);
 309            }
 310        }
 311    }
 312
 313    fn push_tree_recursive(
 314        &mut self,
 315        other: SumTree<T>,
 316        cx: &<T::Summary as Summary>::Context,
 317    ) -> Option<SumTree<T>> {
 318        match Arc::make_mut(&mut self.0) {
 319            Node::Internal {
 320                height,
 321                summary,
 322                child_summaries,
 323                child_trees,
 324                ..
 325            } => {
 326                let other_node = other.0.clone();
 327                <T::Summary as Summary>::add_summary(summary, other_node.summary(), cx);
 328
 329                let height_delta = *height - other_node.height();
 330                let mut summaries_to_append = ArrayVec::<T::Summary, { 2 * TREE_BASE }>::new();
 331                let mut trees_to_append = ArrayVec::<SumTree<T>, { 2 * TREE_BASE }>::new();
 332                if height_delta == 0 {
 333                    summaries_to_append.extend(other_node.child_summaries().iter().cloned());
 334                    trees_to_append.extend(other_node.child_trees().iter().cloned());
 335                } else if height_delta == 1 && !other_node.is_underflowing() {
 336                    summaries_to_append.push(other_node.summary().clone());
 337                    trees_to_append.push(other)
 338                } else {
 339                    let tree_to_append = child_trees
 340                        .last_mut()
 341                        .unwrap()
 342                        .push_tree_recursive(other, cx);
 343                    *child_summaries.last_mut().unwrap() =
 344                        child_trees.last().unwrap().0.summary().clone();
 345
 346                    if let Some(split_tree) = tree_to_append {
 347                        summaries_to_append.push(split_tree.0.summary().clone());
 348                        trees_to_append.push(split_tree);
 349                    }
 350                }
 351
 352                let child_count = child_trees.len() + trees_to_append.len();
 353                if child_count > 2 * TREE_BASE {
 354                    let left_summaries: ArrayVec<_, { 2 * TREE_BASE }>;
 355                    let right_summaries: ArrayVec<_, { 2 * TREE_BASE }>;
 356                    let left_trees;
 357                    let right_trees;
 358
 359                    let midpoint = (child_count + child_count % 2) / 2;
 360                    {
 361                        let mut all_summaries = child_summaries
 362                            .iter()
 363                            .chain(summaries_to_append.iter())
 364                            .cloned();
 365                        left_summaries = all_summaries.by_ref().take(midpoint).collect();
 366                        right_summaries = all_summaries.collect();
 367                        let mut all_trees =
 368                            child_trees.iter().chain(trees_to_append.iter()).cloned();
 369                        left_trees = all_trees.by_ref().take(midpoint).collect();
 370                        right_trees = all_trees.collect();
 371                    }
 372                    *summary = sum(left_summaries.iter(), cx);
 373                    *child_summaries = left_summaries;
 374                    *child_trees = left_trees;
 375
 376                    Some(SumTree(Arc::new(Node::Internal {
 377                        height: *height,
 378                        summary: sum(right_summaries.iter(), cx),
 379                        child_summaries: right_summaries,
 380                        child_trees: right_trees,
 381                    })))
 382                } else {
 383                    child_summaries.extend(summaries_to_append);
 384                    child_trees.extend(trees_to_append);
 385                    None
 386                }
 387            }
 388            Node::Leaf {
 389                summary,
 390                items,
 391                item_summaries,
 392            } => {
 393                let other_node = other.0;
 394
 395                let child_count = items.len() + other_node.items().len();
 396                if child_count > 2 * TREE_BASE {
 397                    let left_items;
 398                    let right_items;
 399                    let left_summaries;
 400                    let right_summaries: ArrayVec<T::Summary, { 2 * TREE_BASE }>;
 401
 402                    let midpoint = (child_count + child_count % 2) / 2;
 403                    {
 404                        let mut all_items = items.iter().chain(other_node.items().iter()).cloned();
 405                        left_items = all_items.by_ref().take(midpoint).collect();
 406                        right_items = all_items.collect();
 407
 408                        let mut all_summaries = item_summaries
 409                            .iter()
 410                            .chain(other_node.child_summaries())
 411                            .cloned();
 412                        left_summaries = all_summaries.by_ref().take(midpoint).collect();
 413                        right_summaries = all_summaries.collect();
 414                    }
 415                    *items = left_items;
 416                    *item_summaries = left_summaries;
 417                    *summary = sum(item_summaries.iter(), cx);
 418                    Some(SumTree(Arc::new(Node::Leaf {
 419                        items: right_items,
 420                        summary: sum(right_summaries.iter(), cx),
 421                        item_summaries: right_summaries,
 422                    })))
 423                } else {
 424                    <T::Summary as Summary>::add_summary(summary, other_node.summary(), cx);
 425                    items.extend(other_node.items().iter().cloned());
 426                    item_summaries.extend(other_node.child_summaries().iter().cloned());
 427                    None
 428                }
 429            }
 430        }
 431    }
 432
 433    fn from_child_trees(
 434        left: SumTree<T>,
 435        right: SumTree<T>,
 436        cx: &<T::Summary as Summary>::Context,
 437    ) -> Self {
 438        let height = left.0.height() + 1;
 439        let mut child_summaries = ArrayVec::new();
 440        child_summaries.push(left.0.summary().clone());
 441        child_summaries.push(right.0.summary().clone());
 442        let mut child_trees = ArrayVec::new();
 443        child_trees.push(left);
 444        child_trees.push(right);
 445        SumTree(Arc::new(Node::Internal {
 446            height,
 447            summary: sum(child_summaries.iter(), cx),
 448            child_summaries,
 449            child_trees,
 450        }))
 451    }
 452
 453    fn leftmost_leaf(&self) -> &Self {
 454        match *self.0 {
 455            Node::Leaf { .. } => self,
 456            Node::Internal {
 457                ref child_trees, ..
 458            } => child_trees.first().unwrap().leftmost_leaf(),
 459        }
 460    }
 461
 462    fn rightmost_leaf(&self) -> &Self {
 463        match *self.0 {
 464            Node::Leaf { .. } => self,
 465            Node::Internal {
 466                ref child_trees, ..
 467            } => child_trees.last().unwrap().rightmost_leaf(),
 468        }
 469    }
 470
 471    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
 472    pub fn _debug_entries(&self) -> Vec<&T> {
 473        self.iter().collect::<Vec<_>>()
 474    }
 475}
 476
 477impl<T: Item + PartialEq> PartialEq for SumTree<T> {
 478    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
 479        self.iter().eq(other.iter())
 480    }
 481}
 482
 483impl<T: Item + Eq> Eq for SumTree<T> {}
 484
 485impl<T: KeyedItem> SumTree<T> {
 486    pub fn insert_or_replace(
 487        &mut self,
 488        item: T,
 489        cx: &<T::Summary as Summary>::Context,
 490    ) -> Option<T> {
 491        let mut replaced = None;
 492        *self = {
 493            let mut cursor = self.cursor::<T::Key>();
 494            let mut new_tree = cursor.slice(&item.key(), Bias::Left, cx);
 495            if let Some(cursor_item) = cursor.item() {
 496                if cursor_item.key() == item.key() {
 497                    replaced = Some(cursor_item.clone());
 498                    cursor.next(cx);
 499                }
 500            }
 501            new_tree.push(item, cx);
 502            new_tree.append(cursor.suffix(cx), cx);
 503            new_tree
 504        };
 505        replaced
 506    }
 507
 508    pub fn remove(&mut self, key: &T::Key, cx: &<T::Summary as Summary>::Context) -> Option<T> {
 509        let mut removed = None;
 510        *self = {
 511            let mut cursor = self.cursor::<T::Key>();
 512            let mut new_tree = cursor.slice(key, Bias::Left, cx);
 513            if let Some(item) = cursor.item() {
 514                if item.key() == *key {
 515                    removed = Some(item.clone());
 516                    cursor.next(cx);
 517                }
 518            }
 519            new_tree.append(cursor.suffix(cx), cx);
 520            new_tree
 521        };
 522        removed
 523    }
 524
 525    pub fn edit(
 526        &mut self,
 527        mut edits: Vec<Edit<T>>,
 528        cx: &<T::Summary as Summary>::Context,
 529    ) -> Vec<T> {
 530        if edits.is_empty() {
 531            return Vec::new();
 532        }
 533
 534        let mut removed = Vec::new();
 535        edits.sort_unstable_by_key(|item| item.key());
 536
 537        *self = {
 538            let mut cursor = self.cursor::<T::Key>();
 539            let mut new_tree = SumTree::new();
 540            let mut buffered_items = Vec::new();
 541
 542            cursor.seek(&T::Key::default(), Bias::Left, cx);
 543            for edit in edits {
 544                let new_key = edit.key();
 545                let mut old_item = cursor.item();
 546
 547                if old_item
 548                    .as_ref()
 549                    .map_or(false, |old_item| old_item.key() < new_key)
 550                {
 551                    new_tree.extend(buffered_items.drain(..), cx);
 552                    let slice = cursor.slice(&new_key, Bias::Left, cx);
 553                    new_tree.append(slice, cx);
 554                    old_item = cursor.item();
 555                }
 556
 557                if let Some(old_item) = old_item {
 558                    if old_item.key() == new_key {
 559                        removed.push(old_item.clone());
 560                        cursor.next(cx);
 561                    }
 562                }
 563
 564                match edit {
 565                    Edit::Insert(item) => {
 566                        buffered_items.push(item);
 567                    }
 568                    Edit::Remove(_) => {}
 569                }
 570            }
 571
 572            new_tree.extend(buffered_items, cx);
 573            new_tree.append(cursor.suffix(cx), cx);
 574            new_tree
 575        };
 576
 577        removed
 578    }
 579
 580    pub fn get(&self, key: &T::Key, cx: &<T::Summary as Summary>::Context) -> Option<&T> {
 581        let mut cursor = self.cursor::<T::Key>();
 582        if cursor.seek(key, Bias::Left, cx) {
 583            cursor.item()
 584        } else {
 585            None
 586        }
 587    }
 588}
 589
 590impl<T: Item> Default for SumTree<T> {
 591    fn default() -> Self {
 592        Self::new()
 593    }
 594}
 595
 596#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 597pub enum Node<T: Item> {
 598    Internal {
 599        height: u8,
 600        summary: T::Summary,
 601        child_summaries: ArrayVec<T::Summary, { 2 * TREE_BASE }>,
 602        child_trees: ArrayVec<SumTree<T>, { 2 * TREE_BASE }>,
 603    },
 604    Leaf {
 605        summary: T::Summary,
 606        items: ArrayVec<T, { 2 * TREE_BASE }>,
 607        item_summaries: ArrayVec<T::Summary, { 2 * TREE_BASE }>,
 608    },
 609}
 610
 611impl<T: Item> Node<T> {
 612    fn is_leaf(&self) -> bool {
 613        matches!(self, Node::Leaf { .. })
 614    }
 615
 616    fn height(&self) -> u8 {
 617        match self {
 618            Node::Internal { height, .. } => *height,
 619            Node::Leaf { .. } => 0,
 620        }
 621    }
 622
 623    fn summary(&self) -> &T::Summary {
 624        match self {
 625            Node::Internal { summary, .. } => summary,
 626            Node::Leaf { summary, .. } => summary,
 627        }
 628    }
 629
 630    fn child_summaries(&self) -> &[T::Summary] {
 631        match self {
 632            Node::Internal {
 633                child_summaries, ..
 634            } => child_summaries.as_slice(),
 635            Node::Leaf { item_summaries, .. } => item_summaries.as_slice(),
 636        }
 637    }
 638
 639    fn child_trees(&self) -> &ArrayVec<SumTree<T>, { 2 * TREE_BASE }> {
 640        match self {
 641            Node::Internal { child_trees, .. } => child_trees,
 642            Node::Leaf { .. } => panic!("Leaf nodes have no child trees"),
 643        }
 644    }
 645
 646    fn items(&self) -> &ArrayVec<T, { 2 * TREE_BASE }> {
 647        match self {
 648            Node::Leaf { items, .. } => items,
 649            Node::Internal { .. } => panic!("Internal nodes have no items"),
 650        }
 651    }
 652
 653    fn is_underflowing(&self) -> bool {
 654        match self {
 655            Node::Internal { child_trees, .. } => child_trees.len() < TREE_BASE,
 656            Node::Leaf { items, .. } => items.len() < TREE_BASE,
 657        }
 658    }
 659}
 660
 661#[derive(Debug)]
 662pub enum Edit<T: KeyedItem> {
 663    Insert(T),
 664    Remove(T::Key),
 665}
 666
 667impl<T: KeyedItem> Edit<T> {
 668    fn key(&self) -> T::Key {
 669        match self {
 670            Edit::Insert(item) => item.key(),
 671            Edit::Remove(key) => key.clone(),
 672        }
 673    }
 674}
 675
 676fn sum<'a, T, I>(iter: I, cx: &T::Context) -> T
 677where
 678    T: 'a + Summary,
 679    I: Iterator<Item = &'a T>,
 680{
 681    let mut sum = T::default();
 682    for value in iter {
 683        sum.add_summary(value, cx);
 684    }
 685    sum
 686}
 687
 688#[cfg(test)]
 689mod tests {
 690    use super::*;
 691    use rand::{distributions, prelude::*};
 692    use std::cmp;
 693
 694    #[ctor::ctor]
 695    fn init_logger() {
 696        if std::env::var("RUST_LOG").is_ok() {
 697            env_logger::init();
 698        }
 699    }
 700
 701    #[test]
 702    fn test_extend_and_push_tree() {
 703        let mut tree1 = SumTree::new();
 704        tree1.extend(0..20, &());
 705
 706        let mut tree2 = SumTree::new();
 707        tree2.extend(50..100, &());
 708
 709        tree1.append(tree2, &());
 710        assert_eq!(
 711            tree1.items(&()),
 712            (0..20).chain(50..100).collect::<Vec<u8>>()
 713        );
 714    }
 715
 716    #[test]
 717    fn test_random() {
 718        let mut starting_seed = 0;
 719        if let Ok(value) = std::env::var("SEED") {
 720            starting_seed = value.parse().expect("invalid SEED variable");
 721        }
 722        let mut num_iterations = 100;
 723        if let Ok(value) = std::env::var("ITERATIONS") {
 724            num_iterations = value.parse().expect("invalid ITERATIONS variable");
 725        }
 726        let num_operations = std::env::var("OPERATIONS")
 727            .map_or(5, |o| o.parse().expect("invalid OPERATIONS variable"));
 728
 729        for seed in starting_seed..(starting_seed + num_iterations) {
 730            eprintln!("seed = {}", seed);
 731            let mut rng = StdRng::seed_from_u64(seed);
 732
 733            let rng = &mut rng;
 734            let mut tree = SumTree::<u8>::new();
 735            let count = rng.gen_range(0..10);
 736            tree.extend(rng.sample_iter(distributions::Standard).take(count), &());
 737
 738            for _ in 0..num_operations {
 739                let splice_end = rng.gen_range(0..tree.extent::<Count>(&()).0 + 1);
 740                let splice_start = rng.gen_range(0..splice_end + 1);
 741                let count = rng.gen_range(0..10);
 742                let tree_end = tree.extent::<Count>(&());
 743                let new_items = rng
 744                    .sample_iter(distributions::Standard)
 745                    .take(count)
 746                    .collect::<Vec<u8>>();
 747
 748                let mut reference_items = tree.items(&());
 749                reference_items.splice(splice_start..splice_end, new_items.clone());
 750
 751                tree = {
 752                    let mut cursor = tree.cursor::<Count>();
 753                    let mut new_tree = cursor.slice(&Count(splice_start), Bias::Right, &());
 754                    new_tree.extend(new_items, &());
 755                    cursor.seek(&Count(splice_end), Bias::Right, &());
 756                    new_tree.append(cursor.slice(&tree_end, Bias::Right, &()), &());
 757                    new_tree
 758                };
 759
 760                assert_eq!(tree.items(&()), reference_items);
 761                assert_eq!(
 762                    tree.iter().collect::<Vec<_>>(),
 763                    tree.cursor::<()>().collect::<Vec<_>>()
 764                );
 765
 766                log::info!("tree items: {:?}", tree.items(&()));
 767
 768                let mut filter_cursor = tree.filter::<_, Count>(|summary| summary.contains_even);
 769                let expected_filtered_items = tree
 770                    .items(&())
 771                    .into_iter()
 772                    .enumerate()
 773                    .filter(|(_, item)| (item & 1) == 0)
 774                    .collect::<Vec<_>>();
 775
 776                let mut item_ix = if rng.gen() {
 777                    filter_cursor.next(&());
 778                    0
 779                } else {
 780                    filter_cursor.prev(&());
 781                    expected_filtered_items.len().saturating_sub(1)
 782                };
 783                while item_ix < expected_filtered_items.len() {
 784                    log::info!("filter_cursor, item_ix: {}", item_ix);
 785                    let actual_item = filter_cursor.item().unwrap();
 786                    let (reference_index, reference_item) = expected_filtered_items[item_ix];
 787                    assert_eq!(actual_item, &reference_item);
 788                    assert_eq!(filter_cursor.start().0, reference_index);
 789                    log::info!("next");
 790                    filter_cursor.next(&());
 791                    item_ix += 1;
 792
 793                    while item_ix > 0 && rng.gen_bool(0.2) {
 794                        log::info!("prev");
 795                        filter_cursor.prev(&());
 796                        item_ix -= 1;
 797
 798                        if item_ix == 0 && rng.gen_bool(0.2) {
 799                            filter_cursor.prev(&());
 800                            assert_eq!(filter_cursor.item(), None);
 801                            assert_eq!(filter_cursor.start().0, 0);
 802                            filter_cursor.next(&());
 803                        }
 804                    }
 805                }
 806                assert_eq!(filter_cursor.item(), None);
 807
 808                let mut before_start = false;
 809                let mut cursor = tree.cursor::<Count>();
 810                let start_pos = rng.gen_range(0..=reference_items.len());
 811                cursor.seek(&Count(start_pos), Bias::Right, &());
 812                let mut pos = rng.gen_range(start_pos..=reference_items.len());
 813                cursor.seek_forward(&Count(pos), Bias::Right, &());
 814
 815                for i in 0..10 {
 816                    assert_eq!(cursor.start().0, pos);
 817
 818                    if pos > 0 {
 819                        assert_eq!(cursor.prev_item().unwrap(), &reference_items[pos - 1]);
 820                    } else {
 821                        assert_eq!(cursor.prev_item(), None);
 822                    }
 823
 824                    if pos < reference_items.len() && !before_start {
 825                        assert_eq!(cursor.item().unwrap(), &reference_items[pos]);
 826                    } else {
 827                        assert_eq!(cursor.item(), None);
 828                    }
 829
 830                    if before_start {
 831                        assert_eq!(cursor.next_item(), reference_items.get(0));
 832                    } else if pos + 1 < reference_items.len() {
 833                        assert_eq!(cursor.next_item().unwrap(), &reference_items[pos + 1]);
 834                    } else {
 835                        assert_eq!(cursor.next_item(), None);
 836                    }
 837
 838                    if i < 5 {
 839                        cursor.next(&());
 840                        if pos < reference_items.len() {
 841                            pos += 1;
 842                            before_start = false;
 843                        }
 844                    } else {
 845                        cursor.prev(&());
 846                        if pos == 0 {
 847                            before_start = true;
 848                        }
 849                        pos = pos.saturating_sub(1);
 850                    }
 851                }
 852            }
 853
 854            for _ in 0..10 {
 855                let end = rng.gen_range(0..tree.extent::<Count>(&()).0 + 1);
 856                let start = rng.gen_range(0..end + 1);
 857                let start_bias = if rng.gen() { Bias::Left } else { Bias::Right };
 858                let end_bias = if rng.gen() { Bias::Left } else { Bias::Right };
 859
 860                let mut cursor = tree.cursor::<Count>();
 861                cursor.seek(&Count(start), start_bias, &());
 862                let slice = cursor.slice(&Count(end), end_bias, &());
 863
 864                cursor.seek(&Count(start), start_bias, &());
 865                let summary = cursor.summary::<_, Sum>(&Count(end), end_bias, &());
 866
 867                assert_eq!(summary.0, slice.summary().sum);
 868            }
 869        }
 870    }
 871
 872    #[test]
 873    fn test_cursor() {
 874        // Empty tree
 875        let tree = SumTree::<u8>::new();
 876        let mut cursor = tree.cursor::<IntegersSummary>();
 877        assert_eq!(
 878            cursor.slice(&Count(0), Bias::Right, &()).items(&()),
 879            Vec::<u8>::new()
 880        );
 881        assert_eq!(cursor.item(), None);
 882        assert_eq!(cursor.prev_item(), None);
 883        assert_eq!(cursor.next_item(), None);
 884        assert_eq!(cursor.start().sum, 0);
 885        cursor.prev(&());
 886        assert_eq!(cursor.item(), None);
 887        assert_eq!(cursor.prev_item(), None);
 888        assert_eq!(cursor.next_item(), None);
 889        assert_eq!(cursor.start().sum, 0);
 890        cursor.next(&());
 891        assert_eq!(cursor.item(), None);
 892        assert_eq!(cursor.prev_item(), None);
 893        assert_eq!(cursor.next_item(), None);
 894        assert_eq!(cursor.start().sum, 0);
 895
 896        // Single-element tree
 897        let mut tree = SumTree::<u8>::new();
 898        tree.extend(vec![1], &());
 899        let mut cursor = tree.cursor::<IntegersSummary>();
 900        assert_eq!(
 901            cursor.slice(&Count(0), Bias::Right, &()).items(&()),
 902            Vec::<u8>::new()
 903        );
 904        assert_eq!(cursor.item(), Some(&1));
 905        assert_eq!(cursor.prev_item(), None);
 906        assert_eq!(cursor.next_item(), None);
 907        assert_eq!(cursor.start().sum, 0);
 908
 909        cursor.next(&());
 910        assert_eq!(cursor.item(), None);
 911        assert_eq!(cursor.prev_item(), Some(&1));
 912        assert_eq!(cursor.next_item(), None);
 913        assert_eq!(cursor.start().sum, 1);
 914
 915        cursor.prev(&());
 916        assert_eq!(cursor.item(), Some(&1));
 917        assert_eq!(cursor.prev_item(), None);
 918        assert_eq!(cursor.next_item(), None);
 919        assert_eq!(cursor.start().sum, 0);
 920
 921        let mut cursor = tree.cursor::<IntegersSummary>();
 922        assert_eq!(cursor.slice(&Count(1), Bias::Right, &()).items(&()), [1]);
 923        assert_eq!(cursor.item(), None);
 924        assert_eq!(cursor.prev_item(), Some(&1));
 925        assert_eq!(cursor.next_item(), None);
 926        assert_eq!(cursor.start().sum, 1);
 927
 928        cursor.seek(&Count(0), Bias::Right, &());
 929        assert_eq!(
 930            cursor
 931                .slice(&tree.extent::<Count>(&()), Bias::Right, &())
 932                .items(&()),
 933            [1]
 934        );
 935        assert_eq!(cursor.item(), None);
 936        assert_eq!(cursor.prev_item(), Some(&1));
 937        assert_eq!(cursor.next_item(), None);
 938        assert_eq!(cursor.start().sum, 1);
 939
 940        // Multiple-element tree
 941        let mut tree = SumTree::new();
 942        tree.extend(vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], &());
 943        let mut cursor = tree.cursor::<IntegersSummary>();
 944
 945        assert_eq!(cursor.slice(&Count(2), Bias::Right, &()).items(&()), [1, 2]);
 946        assert_eq!(cursor.item(), Some(&3));
 947        assert_eq!(cursor.prev_item(), Some(&2));
 948        assert_eq!(cursor.next_item(), Some(&4));
 949        assert_eq!(cursor.start().sum, 3);
 950
 951        cursor.next(&());
 952        assert_eq!(cursor.item(), Some(&4));
 953        assert_eq!(cursor.prev_item(), Some(&3));
 954        assert_eq!(cursor.next_item(), Some(&5));
 955        assert_eq!(cursor.start().sum, 6);
 956
 957        cursor.next(&());
 958        assert_eq!(cursor.item(), Some(&5));
 959        assert_eq!(cursor.prev_item(), Some(&4));
 960        assert_eq!(cursor.next_item(), Some(&6));
 961        assert_eq!(cursor.start().sum, 10);
 962
 963        cursor.next(&());
 964        assert_eq!(cursor.item(), Some(&6));
 965        assert_eq!(cursor.prev_item(), Some(&5));
 966        assert_eq!(cursor.next_item(), None);
 967        assert_eq!(cursor.start().sum, 15);
 968
 969        cursor.next(&());
 970        cursor.next(&());
 971        assert_eq!(cursor.item(), None);
 972        assert_eq!(cursor.prev_item(), Some(&6));
 973        assert_eq!(cursor.next_item(), None);
 974        assert_eq!(cursor.start().sum, 21);
 975
 976        cursor.prev(&());
 977        assert_eq!(cursor.item(), Some(&6));
 978        assert_eq!(cursor.prev_item(), Some(&5));
 979        assert_eq!(cursor.next_item(), None);
 980        assert_eq!(cursor.start().sum, 15);
 981
 982        cursor.prev(&());
 983        assert_eq!(cursor.item(), Some(&5));
 984        assert_eq!(cursor.prev_item(), Some(&4));
 985        assert_eq!(cursor.next_item(), Some(&6));
 986        assert_eq!(cursor.start().sum, 10);
 987
 988        cursor.prev(&());
 989        assert_eq!(cursor.item(), Some(&4));
 990        assert_eq!(cursor.prev_item(), Some(&3));
 991        assert_eq!(cursor.next_item(), Some(&5));
 992        assert_eq!(cursor.start().sum, 6);
 993
 994        cursor.prev(&());
 995        assert_eq!(cursor.item(), Some(&3));
 996        assert_eq!(cursor.prev_item(), Some(&2));
 997        assert_eq!(cursor.next_item(), Some(&4));
 998        assert_eq!(cursor.start().sum, 3);
 999
1000        cursor.prev(&());
1001        assert_eq!(cursor.item(), Some(&2));
1002        assert_eq!(cursor.prev_item(), Some(&1));
1003        assert_eq!(cursor.next_item(), Some(&3));
1004        assert_eq!(cursor.start().sum, 1);
1005
1006        cursor.prev(&());
1007        assert_eq!(cursor.item(), Some(&1));
1008        assert_eq!(cursor.prev_item(), None);
1009        assert_eq!(cursor.next_item(), Some(&2));
1010        assert_eq!(cursor.start().sum, 0);
1011
1012        cursor.prev(&());
1013        assert_eq!(cursor.item(), None);
1014        assert_eq!(cursor.prev_item(), None);
1015        assert_eq!(cursor.next_item(), Some(&1));
1016        assert_eq!(cursor.start().sum, 0);
1017
1018        cursor.next(&());
1019        assert_eq!(cursor.item(), Some(&1));
1020        assert_eq!(cursor.prev_item(), None);
1021        assert_eq!(cursor.next_item(), Some(&2));
1022        assert_eq!(cursor.start().sum, 0);
1023
1024        let mut cursor = tree.cursor::<IntegersSummary>();
1025        assert_eq!(
1026            cursor
1027                .slice(&tree.extent::<Count>(&()), Bias::Right, &())
1028                .items(&()),
1029            tree.items(&())
1030        );
1031        assert_eq!(cursor.item(), None);
1032        assert_eq!(cursor.prev_item(), Some(&6));
1033        assert_eq!(cursor.next_item(), None);
1034        assert_eq!(cursor.start().sum, 21);
1035
1036        cursor.seek(&Count(3), Bias::Right, &());
1037        assert_eq!(
1038            cursor
1039                .slice(&tree.extent::<Count>(&()), Bias::Right, &())
1040                .items(&()),
1041            [4, 5, 6]
1042        );
1043        assert_eq!(cursor.item(), None);
1044        assert_eq!(cursor.prev_item(), Some(&6));
1045        assert_eq!(cursor.next_item(), None);
1046        assert_eq!(cursor.start().sum, 21);
1047
1048        // Seeking can bias left or right
1049        cursor.seek(&Count(1), Bias::Left, &());
1050        assert_eq!(cursor.item(), Some(&1));
1051        cursor.seek(&Count(1), Bias::Right, &());
1052        assert_eq!(cursor.item(), Some(&2));
1053
1054        // Slicing without resetting starts from where the cursor is parked at.
1055        cursor.seek(&Count(1), Bias::Right, &());
1056        assert_eq!(
1057            cursor.slice(&Count(3), Bias::Right, &()).items(&()),
1058            vec![2, 3]
1059        );
1060        assert_eq!(
1061            cursor.slice(&Count(6), Bias::Left, &()).items(&()),
1062            vec![4, 5]
1063        );
1064        assert_eq!(
1065            cursor.slice(&Count(6), Bias::Right, &()).items(&()),
1066            vec![6]
1067        );
1068    }
1069
1070    #[test]
1071    fn test_edit() {
1072        let mut tree = SumTree::<u8>::new();
1073
1074        let removed = tree.edit(vec![Edit::Insert(1), Edit::Insert(2), Edit::Insert(0)], &());
1075        assert_eq!(tree.items(&()), vec![0, 1, 2]);
1076        assert_eq!(removed, Vec::<u8>::new());
1077        assert_eq!(tree.get(&0, &()), Some(&0));
1078        assert_eq!(tree.get(&1, &()), Some(&1));
1079        assert_eq!(tree.get(&2, &()), Some(&2));
1080        assert_eq!(tree.get(&4, &()), None);
1081
1082        let removed = tree.edit(vec![Edit::Insert(2), Edit::Insert(4), Edit::Remove(0)], &());
1083        assert_eq!(tree.items(&()), vec![1, 2, 4]);
1084        assert_eq!(removed, vec![0, 2]);
1085        assert_eq!(tree.get(&0, &()), None);
1086        assert_eq!(tree.get(&1, &()), Some(&1));
1087        assert_eq!(tree.get(&2, &()), Some(&2));
1088        assert_eq!(tree.get(&4, &()), Some(&4));
1089    }
1090
1091    #[derive(Clone, Default, Debug)]
1092    pub struct IntegersSummary {
1093        count: usize,
1094        sum: usize,
1095        contains_even: bool,
1096        max: u8,
1097    }
1098
1099    #[derive(Ord, PartialOrd, Default, Eq, PartialEq, Clone, Debug)]
1100    struct Count(usize);
1101
1102    #[derive(Ord, PartialOrd, Default, Eq, PartialEq, Clone, Debug)]
1103    struct Sum(usize);
1104
1105    impl Item for u8 {
1106        type Summary = IntegersSummary;
1107
1108        fn summary(&self) -> Self::Summary {
1109            IntegersSummary {
1110                count: 1,
1111                sum: *self as usize,
1112                contains_even: (*self & 1) == 0,
1113                max: *self,
1114            }
1115        }
1116    }
1117
1118    impl KeyedItem for u8 {
1119        type Key = u8;
1120
1121        fn key(&self) -> Self::Key {
1122            *self
1123        }
1124    }
1125
1126    impl Summary for IntegersSummary {
1127        type Context = ();
1128
1129        fn add_summary(&mut self, other: &Self, _: &()) {
1130            self.count += other.count;
1131            self.sum += other.sum;
1132            self.contains_even |= other.contains_even;
1133            self.max = cmp::max(self.max, other.max);
1134        }
1135    }
1136
1137    impl<'a> Dimension<'a, IntegersSummary> for u8 {
1138        fn add_summary(&mut self, summary: &IntegersSummary, _: &()) {
1139            *self = summary.max;
1140        }
1141    }
1142
1143    impl<'a> Dimension<'a, IntegersSummary> for Count {
1144        fn add_summary(&mut self, summary: &IntegersSummary, _: &()) {
1145            self.0 += summary.count;
1146        }
1147    }
1148
1149    impl<'a> SeekTarget<'a, IntegersSummary, IntegersSummary> for Count {
1150        fn cmp(&self, cursor_location: &IntegersSummary, _: &()) -> Ordering {
1151            self.0.cmp(&cursor_location.count)
1152        }
1153    }
1154
1155    impl<'a> Dimension<'a, IntegersSummary> for Sum {
1156        fn add_summary(&mut self, summary: &IntegersSummary, _: &()) {
1157            self.0 += summary.sum;
1158        }
1159    }
1160}