util.rs

   1pub mod arc_cow;
   2pub mod archive;
   3pub mod command;
   4pub mod fs;
   5pub mod markdown;
   6pub mod paths;
   7pub mod process;
   8pub mod redact;
   9pub mod rel_path;
  10pub mod schemars;
  11pub mod serde;
  12pub mod shell;
  13pub mod shell_builder;
  14pub mod shell_env;
  15pub mod size;
  16#[cfg(any(test, feature = "test-support"))]
  17pub mod test;
  18pub mod time;
  19
  20use anyhow::{Context as _, Result};
  21use futures::Future;
  22use itertools::Either;
  23use paths::PathExt;
  24use regex::Regex;
  25use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
  26use std::sync::{LazyLock, OnceLock};
  27use std::{
  28    borrow::Cow,
  29    cmp::{self, Ordering},
  30    env,
  31    ops::{AddAssign, Range, RangeInclusive},
  32    panic::Location,
  33    pin::Pin,
  34    task::{Context, Poll},
  35    time::Instant,
  36};
  37use unicase::UniCase;
  38
  39pub use take_until::*;
  40#[cfg(any(test, feature = "test-support"))]
  41pub use util_macros::{line_endings, path, uri};
  42
  43#[macro_export]
  44macro_rules! debug_panic {
  45    ( $($fmt_arg:tt)* ) => {
  46        if cfg!(debug_assertions) {
  47            panic!( $($fmt_arg)* );
  48        } else {
  49            let backtrace = std::backtrace::Backtrace::capture();
  50            log::error!("{}\n{:?}", format_args!($($fmt_arg)*), backtrace);
  51        }
  52    };
  53}
  54
  55#[inline]
  56pub const fn is_utf8_char_boundary(u8: u8) -> bool {
  57    // This is bit magic equivalent to: b < 128 || b >= 192
  58    (u8 as i8) >= -0x40
  59}
  60
  61pub fn truncate(s: &str, max_chars: usize) -> &str {
  62    match s.char_indices().nth(max_chars) {
  63        None => s,
  64        Some((idx, _)) => &s[..idx],
  65    }
  66}
  67
  68/// Removes characters from the end of the string if its length is greater than `max_chars` and
  69/// appends "..." to the string. Returns string unchanged if its length is smaller than max_chars.
  70pub fn truncate_and_trailoff(s: &str, max_chars: usize) -> String {
  71    debug_assert!(max_chars >= 5);
  72
  73    // If the string's byte length is <= max_chars, walking the string can be skipped since the
  74    // number of chars is <= the number of bytes.
  75    if s.len() <= max_chars {
  76        return s.to_string();
  77    }
  78    let truncation_ix = s.char_indices().map(|(i, _)| i).nth(max_chars);
  79    match truncation_ix {
  80        Some(index) => s[..index].to_string() + "…",
  81        _ => s.to_string(),
  82    }
  83}
  84
  85/// Removes characters from the front of the string if its length is greater than `max_chars` and
  86/// prepends the string with "...". Returns string unchanged if its length is smaller than max_chars.
  87pub fn truncate_and_remove_front(s: &str, max_chars: usize) -> String {
  88    debug_assert!(max_chars >= 5);
  89
  90    // If the string's byte length is <= max_chars, walking the string can be skipped since the
  91    // number of chars is <= the number of bytes.
  92    if s.len() <= max_chars {
  93        return s.to_string();
  94    }
  95    let suffix_char_length = max_chars.saturating_sub(1);
  96    let truncation_ix = s
  97        .char_indices()
  98        .map(|(i, _)| i)
  99        .nth_back(suffix_char_length);
 100    match truncation_ix {
 101        Some(index) if index > 0 => "…".to_string() + &s[index..],
 102        _ => s.to_string(),
 103    }
 104}
 105
 106/// Takes only `max_lines` from the string and, if there were more than `max_lines-1`, appends a
 107/// a newline and "..." to the string, so that `max_lines` are returned.
 108/// Returns string unchanged if its length is smaller than max_lines.
 109pub fn truncate_lines_and_trailoff(s: &str, max_lines: usize) -> String {
 110    let mut lines = s.lines().take(max_lines).collect::<Vec<_>>();
 111    if lines.len() > max_lines - 1 {
 112        lines.pop();
 113        lines.join("\n") + "\n…"
 114    } else {
 115        lines.join("\n")
 116    }
 117}
 118
 119/// Truncates the string at a character boundary, such that the result is less than `max_bytes` in
 120/// length.
 121pub fn truncate_to_byte_limit(s: &str, max_bytes: usize) -> &str {
 122    if s.len() < max_bytes {
 123        return s;
 124    }
 125
 126    for i in (0..max_bytes).rev() {
 127        if s.is_char_boundary(i) {
 128            return &s[..i];
 129        }
 130    }
 131
 132    ""
 133}
 134
 135/// Takes a prefix of complete lines which fit within the byte limit. If the first line is longer
 136/// than the limit, truncates at a character boundary.
 137pub fn truncate_lines_to_byte_limit(s: &str, max_bytes: usize) -> &str {
 138    if s.len() < max_bytes {
 139        return s;
 140    }
 141
 142    for i in (0..max_bytes).rev() {
 143        if s.is_char_boundary(i) && s.as_bytes()[i] == b'\n' {
 144            // Since the i-th character is \n, valid to slice at i + 1.
 145            return &s[..i + 1];
 146        }
 147    }
 148
 149    truncate_to_byte_limit(s, max_bytes)
 150}
 151
 152#[test]
 153fn test_truncate_lines_to_byte_limit() {
 154    let text = "Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3\nLine 4";
 155
 156    // Limit that includes all lines
 157    assert_eq!(truncate_lines_to_byte_limit(text, 100), text);
 158
 159    // Exactly the first line
 160    assert_eq!(truncate_lines_to_byte_limit(text, 7), "Line 1\n");
 161
 162    // Limit between lines
 163    assert_eq!(truncate_lines_to_byte_limit(text, 13), "Line 1\n");
 164    assert_eq!(truncate_lines_to_byte_limit(text, 20), "Line 1\nLine 2\n");
 165
 166    // Limit before first newline
 167    assert_eq!(truncate_lines_to_byte_limit(text, 6), "Line ");
 168
 169    // Test with non-ASCII characters
 170    let text_utf8 = "Line 1\nLΓ­ne 2\nLine 3";
 171    assert_eq!(
 172        truncate_lines_to_byte_limit(text_utf8, 15),
 173        "Line 1\nLΓ­ne 2\n"
 174    );
 175}
 176
 177pub fn post_inc<T: From<u8> + AddAssign<T> + Copy>(value: &mut T) -> T {
 178    let prev = *value;
 179    *value += T::from(1);
 180    prev
 181}
 182
 183/// Extend a sorted vector with a sorted sequence of items, maintaining the vector's sort order and
 184/// enforcing a maximum length. This also de-duplicates items. Sort the items according to the given callback. Before calling this,
 185/// both `vec` and `new_items` should already be sorted according to the `cmp` comparator.
 186pub fn extend_sorted<T, I, F>(vec: &mut Vec<T>, new_items: I, limit: usize, mut cmp: F)
 187where
 188    I: IntoIterator<Item = T>,
 189    F: FnMut(&T, &T) -> Ordering,
 190{
 191    let mut start_index = 0;
 192    for new_item in new_items {
 193        if let Err(i) = vec[start_index..].binary_search_by(|m| cmp(m, &new_item)) {
 194            let index = start_index + i;
 195            if vec.len() < limit {
 196                vec.insert(index, new_item);
 197            } else if index < vec.len() {
 198                vec.pop();
 199                vec.insert(index, new_item);
 200            }
 201            start_index = index;
 202        }
 203    }
 204}
 205
 206pub fn truncate_to_bottom_n_sorted_by<T, F>(items: &mut Vec<T>, limit: usize, compare: &F)
 207where
 208    F: Fn(&T, &T) -> Ordering,
 209{
 210    if limit == 0 {
 211        items.truncate(0);
 212    }
 213    if items.len() <= limit {
 214        items.sort_by(compare);
 215        return;
 216    }
 217    // When limit is near to items.len() it may be more efficient to sort the whole list and
 218    // truncate, rather than always doing selection first as is done below. It's hard to analyze
 219    // where the threshold for this should be since the quickselect style algorithm used by
 220    // `select_nth_unstable_by` makes the prefix partially sorted, and so its work is not wasted -
 221    // the expected number of comparisons needed by `sort_by` is less than it is for some arbitrary
 222    // unsorted input.
 223    items.select_nth_unstable_by(limit, compare);
 224    items.truncate(limit);
 225    items.sort_by(compare);
 226}
 227
 228/// Prevents execution of the application with root privileges on Unix systems.
 229///
 230/// This function checks if the current process is running with root privileges
 231/// and terminates the program with an error message unless explicitly allowed via the
 232/// `ZED_ALLOW_ROOT` environment variable.
 233#[cfg(unix)]
 234pub fn prevent_root_execution() {
 235    let is_root = nix::unistd::geteuid().is_root();
 236    let allow_root = std::env::var("ZED_ALLOW_ROOT").is_ok_and(|val| val == "true");
 237
 238    if is_root && !allow_root {
 239        eprintln!(
 240            "\
 241Error: Running Zed as root or via sudo is unsupported.
 242       Doing so (even once) may subtly break things for all subsequent non-root usage of Zed.
 243       It is untested and not recommended, don't complain when things break.
 244       If you wish to proceed anyways, set `ZED_ALLOW_ROOT=true` in your environment."
 245        );
 246        std::process::exit(1);
 247    }
 248}
 249
 250#[cfg(unix)]
 251fn load_shell_from_passwd() -> Result<()> {
 252    let buflen = match unsafe { libc::sysconf(libc::_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX) } {
 253        n if n < 0 => 1024,
 254        n => n as usize,
 255    };
 256    let mut buffer = Vec::with_capacity(buflen);
 257
 258    let mut pwd: std::mem::MaybeUninit<libc::passwd> = std::mem::MaybeUninit::uninit();
 259    let mut result: *mut libc::passwd = std::ptr::null_mut();
 260
 261    let uid = unsafe { libc::getuid() };
 262    let status = unsafe {
 263        libc::getpwuid_r(
 264            uid,
 265            pwd.as_mut_ptr(),
 266            buffer.as_mut_ptr() as *mut libc::c_char,
 267            buflen,
 268            &mut result,
 269        )
 270    };
 271    anyhow::ensure!(!result.is_null(), "passwd entry for uid {} not found", uid);
 272
 273    // SAFETY: If `getpwuid_r` doesn't error, we have the entry here.
 274    let entry = unsafe { pwd.assume_init() };
 275
 276    anyhow::ensure!(
 277        status == 0,
 278        "call to getpwuid_r failed. uid: {}, status: {}",
 279        uid,
 280        status
 281    );
 282    anyhow::ensure!(
 283        entry.pw_uid == uid,
 284        "passwd entry has different uid ({}) than getuid ({}) returned",
 285        entry.pw_uid,
 286        uid,
 287    );
 288
 289    let shell = unsafe { std::ffi::CStr::from_ptr(entry.pw_shell).to_str().unwrap() };
 290    let should_set_shell = env::var("SHELL").map_or(true, |shell_env| {
 291        shell_env != shell && !std::path::Path::new(&shell_env).exists()
 292    });
 293
 294    if should_set_shell {
 295        log::info!(
 296            "updating SHELL environment variable to value from passwd entry: {:?}",
 297            shell,
 298        );
 299        unsafe { env::set_var("SHELL", shell) };
 300    }
 301
 302    Ok(())
 303}
 304
 305/// Returns a shell escaped path for the current zed executable
 306pub fn get_shell_safe_zed_path(shell_kind: shell::ShellKind) -> anyhow::Result<String> {
 307    let mut zed_path =
 308        std::env::current_exe().context("Failed to determine current zed executable path.")?;
 309    if cfg!(target_os = "linux")
 310        && !zed_path.is_file()
 311        && let Some(truncated) = zed_path
 312            .clone()
 313            .file_name()
 314            .and_then(|s| s.to_str())
 315            .and_then(|n| n.strip_suffix(" (deleted)"))
 316    {
 317        // Might have been deleted during update; let's use the new binary if there is one.
 318        zed_path.set_file_name(truncated);
 319    }
 320
 321    zed_path
 322        .try_shell_safe(shell_kind)
 323        .context("Failed to shell-escape Zed executable path.")
 324}
 325
 326/// Returns a path for the zed cli executable, this function
 327/// should be called from the zed executable, not zed-cli.
 328pub fn get_zed_cli_path() -> Result<PathBuf> {
 329    let zed_path =
 330        std::env::current_exe().context("Failed to determine current zed executable path.")?;
 331    let parent = zed_path
 332        .parent()
 333        .context("Failed to determine parent directory of zed executable path.")?;
 334
 335    let possible_locations: &[&str] = if cfg!(target_os = "macos") {
 336        // On macOS, the zed executable and zed-cli are inside the app bundle,
 337        // so here ./cli is for both installed and development builds.
 338        &["./cli"]
 339    } else if cfg!(target_os = "windows") {
 340        // bin/zed.exe is for installed builds, ./cli.exe is for development builds.
 341        &["bin/zed.exe", "./cli.exe"]
 342    } else if cfg!(target_os = "linux") || cfg!(target_os = "freebsd") {
 343        // bin is the standard, ./cli is for the target directory in development builds.
 344        &["../bin/zed", "./cli"]
 345    } else {
 346        anyhow::bail!("unsupported platform for determining zed-cli path");
 347    };
 348
 349    possible_locations
 350        .iter()
 351        .find_map(|p| {
 352            parent
 353                .join(p)
 354                .canonicalize()
 355                .ok()
 356                .filter(|p| p != &zed_path)
 357        })
 358        .with_context(|| {
 359            format!(
 360                "could not find zed-cli from any of: {}",
 361                possible_locations.join(", ")
 362            )
 363        })
 364}
 365
 366#[cfg(unix)]
 367pub async fn load_login_shell_environment() -> Result<()> {
 368    load_shell_from_passwd().log_err();
 369
 370    // If possible, we want to `cd` in the user's `$HOME` to trigger programs
 371    // such as direnv, asdf, mise, ... to adjust the PATH. These tools often hook
 372    // into shell's `cd` command (and hooks) to manipulate env.
 373    // We do this so that we get the env a user would have when spawning a shell
 374    // in home directory.
 375    for (name, value) in shell_env::capture(get_system_shell(), &[], paths::home_dir())
 376        .await
 377        .with_context(|| format!("capturing environment with {:?}", get_system_shell()))?
 378    {
 379        // Skip SHLVL to prevent it from polluting Zed's process environment.
 380        // The login shell used for env capture increments SHLVL, and if we propagate it,
 381        // terminals spawned by Zed will inherit it and increment again, causing SHLVL
 382        // to start at 2 instead of 1 (and increase by 2 on each reload).
 383        if name == "SHLVL" {
 384            continue;
 385        }
 386        unsafe { env::set_var(&name, &value) };
 387    }
 388
 389    log::info!(
 390        "set environment variables from shell:{}, path:{}",
 391        std::env::var("SHELL").unwrap_or_default(),
 392        std::env::var("PATH").unwrap_or_default(),
 393    );
 394
 395    Ok(())
 396}
 397
 398/// Configures the process to start a new session, to prevent interactive shells from taking control
 399/// of the terminal.
 400///
 401/// For more details: <https://registerspill.thorstenball.com/p/how-to-lose-control-of-your-shell>
 402pub fn set_pre_exec_to_start_new_session(
 403    command: &mut std::process::Command,
 404) -> &mut std::process::Command {
 405    // safety: code in pre_exec should be signal safe.
 406    // https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man7/signal-safety.7.html
 407    #[cfg(not(target_os = "windows"))]
 408    unsafe {
 409        use std::os::unix::process::CommandExt;
 410        command.pre_exec(|| {
 411            libc::setsid();
 412            Ok(())
 413        });
 414    };
 415    command
 416}
 417
 418pub fn merge_json_lenient_value_into(
 419    source: serde_json_lenient::Value,
 420    target: &mut serde_json_lenient::Value,
 421) {
 422    match (source, target) {
 423        (serde_json_lenient::Value::Object(source), serde_json_lenient::Value::Object(target)) => {
 424            for (key, value) in source {
 425                if let Some(target) = target.get_mut(&key) {
 426                    merge_json_lenient_value_into(value, target);
 427                } else {
 428                    target.insert(key, value);
 429                }
 430            }
 431        }
 432
 433        (serde_json_lenient::Value::Array(source), serde_json_lenient::Value::Array(target)) => {
 434            for value in source {
 435                target.push(value);
 436            }
 437        }
 438
 439        (source, target) => *target = source,
 440    }
 441}
 442
 443pub fn merge_json_value_into(source: serde_json::Value, target: &mut serde_json::Value) {
 444    use serde_json::Value;
 445
 446    match (source, target) {
 447        (Value::Object(source), Value::Object(target)) => {
 448            for (key, value) in source {
 449                if let Some(target) = target.get_mut(&key) {
 450                    merge_json_value_into(value, target);
 451                } else {
 452                    target.insert(key, value);
 453                }
 454            }
 455        }
 456
 457        (Value::Array(source), Value::Array(target)) => {
 458            for value in source {
 459                target.push(value);
 460            }
 461        }
 462
 463        (source, target) => *target = source,
 464    }
 465}
 466
 467pub fn merge_non_null_json_value_into(source: serde_json::Value, target: &mut serde_json::Value) {
 468    use serde_json::Value;
 469    if let Value::Object(source_object) = source {
 470        let target_object = if let Value::Object(target) = target {
 471            target
 472        } else {
 473            *target = Value::Object(Default::default());
 474            target.as_object_mut().unwrap()
 475        };
 476        for (key, value) in source_object {
 477            if let Some(target) = target_object.get_mut(&key) {
 478                merge_non_null_json_value_into(value, target);
 479            } else if !value.is_null() {
 480                target_object.insert(key, value);
 481            }
 482        }
 483    } else if !source.is_null() {
 484        *target = source
 485    }
 486}
 487
 488pub fn measure<R>(label: &str, f: impl FnOnce() -> R) -> R {
 489    static ZED_MEASUREMENTS: OnceLock<bool> = OnceLock::new();
 490    let zed_measurements = ZED_MEASUREMENTS.get_or_init(|| {
 491        env::var("ZED_MEASUREMENTS")
 492            .map(|measurements| measurements == "1" || measurements == "true")
 493            .unwrap_or(false)
 494    });
 495
 496    if *zed_measurements {
 497        let start = Instant::now();
 498        let result = f();
 499        let elapsed = start.elapsed();
 500        eprintln!("{}: {:?}", label, elapsed);
 501        result
 502    } else {
 503        f()
 504    }
 505}
 506
 507pub fn expanded_and_wrapped_usize_range(
 508    range: Range<usize>,
 509    additional_before: usize,
 510    additional_after: usize,
 511    wrap_length: usize,
 512) -> impl Iterator<Item = usize> {
 513    let start_wraps = range.start < additional_before;
 514    let end_wraps = wrap_length < range.end + additional_after;
 515    if start_wraps && end_wraps {
 516        Either::Left(0..wrap_length)
 517    } else if start_wraps {
 518        let wrapped_start = (range.start + wrap_length).saturating_sub(additional_before);
 519        if wrapped_start <= range.end {
 520            Either::Left(0..wrap_length)
 521        } else {
 522            Either::Right((0..range.end + additional_after).chain(wrapped_start..wrap_length))
 523        }
 524    } else if end_wraps {
 525        let wrapped_end = range.end + additional_after - wrap_length;
 526        if range.start <= wrapped_end {
 527            Either::Left(0..wrap_length)
 528        } else {
 529            Either::Right((0..wrapped_end).chain(range.start - additional_before..wrap_length))
 530        }
 531    } else {
 532        Either::Left((range.start - additional_before)..(range.end + additional_after))
 533    }
 534}
 535
 536/// Yields `[i, i + 1, i - 1, i + 2, ..]`, each modulo `wrap_length` and bounded by
 537/// `additional_before` and `additional_after`. If the wrapping causes overlap, duplicates are not
 538/// emitted. If wrap_length is 0, nothing is yielded.
 539pub fn wrapped_usize_outward_from(
 540    start: usize,
 541    additional_before: usize,
 542    additional_after: usize,
 543    wrap_length: usize,
 544) -> impl Iterator<Item = usize> {
 545    let mut count = 0;
 546    let mut after_offset = 1;
 547    let mut before_offset = 1;
 548
 549    std::iter::from_fn(move || {
 550        count += 1;
 551        if count > wrap_length {
 552            None
 553        } else if count == 1 {
 554            Some(start % wrap_length)
 555        } else if after_offset <= additional_after && after_offset <= before_offset {
 556            let value = (start + after_offset) % wrap_length;
 557            after_offset += 1;
 558            Some(value)
 559        } else if before_offset <= additional_before {
 560            let value = (start + wrap_length - before_offset) % wrap_length;
 561            before_offset += 1;
 562            Some(value)
 563        } else if after_offset <= additional_after {
 564            let value = (start + after_offset) % wrap_length;
 565            after_offset += 1;
 566            Some(value)
 567        } else {
 568            None
 569        }
 570    })
 571}
 572
 573pub trait ResultExt<E> {
 574    type Ok;
 575
 576    fn log_err(self) -> Option<Self::Ok>;
 577    /// Assert that this result should never be an error in development or tests.
 578    fn debug_assert_ok(self, reason: &str) -> Self;
 579    fn warn_on_err(self) -> Option<Self::Ok>;
 580    fn log_with_level(self, level: log::Level) -> Option<Self::Ok>;
 581    fn anyhow(self) -> anyhow::Result<Self::Ok>
 582    where
 583        E: Into<anyhow::Error>;
 584}
 585
 586impl<T, E> ResultExt<E> for Result<T, E>
 587where
 588    E: std::fmt::Debug,
 589{
 590    type Ok = T;
 591
 592    #[track_caller]
 593    fn log_err(self) -> Option<T> {
 594        self.log_with_level(log::Level::Error)
 595    }
 596
 597    #[track_caller]
 598    fn debug_assert_ok(self, reason: &str) -> Self {
 599        if let Err(error) = &self {
 600            debug_panic!("{reason} - {error:?}");
 601        }
 602        self
 603    }
 604
 605    #[track_caller]
 606    fn warn_on_err(self) -> Option<T> {
 607        self.log_with_level(log::Level::Warn)
 608    }
 609
 610    #[track_caller]
 611    fn log_with_level(self, level: log::Level) -> Option<T> {
 612        match self {
 613            Ok(value) => Some(value),
 614            Err(error) => {
 615                log_error_with_caller(*Location::caller(), error, level);
 616                None
 617            }
 618        }
 619    }
 620
 621    fn anyhow(self) -> anyhow::Result<T>
 622    where
 623        E: Into<anyhow::Error>,
 624    {
 625        self.map_err(Into::into)
 626    }
 627}
 628
 629fn log_error_with_caller<E>(caller: core::panic::Location<'_>, error: E, level: log::Level)
 630where
 631    E: std::fmt::Debug,
 632{
 633    #[cfg(not(target_os = "windows"))]
 634    let file = caller.file();
 635    #[cfg(target_os = "windows")]
 636    let file = caller.file().replace('\\', "/");
 637    // In this codebase all crates reside in a `crates` directory,
 638    // so discard the prefix up to that segment to find the crate name
 639    let file = file.split_once("crates/");
 640    let target = file.as_ref().and_then(|(_, s)| s.split_once("/src/"));
 641
 642    let module_path = target.map(|(krate, module)| {
 643        if module.starts_with(krate) {
 644            module.trim_end_matches(".rs").replace('/', "::")
 645        } else {
 646            krate.to_owned() + "::" + &module.trim_end_matches(".rs").replace('/', "::")
 647        }
 648    });
 649    let file = file.map(|(_, file)| format!("crates/{file}"));
 650    log::logger().log(
 651        &log::Record::builder()
 652            .target(module_path.as_deref().unwrap_or(""))
 653            .module_path(file.as_deref())
 654            .args(format_args!("{:?}", error))
 655            .file(Some(caller.file()))
 656            .line(Some(caller.line()))
 657            .level(level)
 658            .build(),
 659    );
 660}
 661
 662pub fn log_err<E: std::fmt::Debug>(error: &E) {
 663    log_error_with_caller(*Location::caller(), error, log::Level::Error);
 664}
 665
 666pub trait TryFutureExt {
 667    fn log_err(self) -> LogErrorFuture<Self>
 668    where
 669        Self: Sized;
 670
 671    fn log_tracked_err(self, location: core::panic::Location<'static>) -> LogErrorFuture<Self>
 672    where
 673        Self: Sized;
 674
 675    fn warn_on_err(self) -> LogErrorFuture<Self>
 676    where
 677        Self: Sized;
 678    fn unwrap(self) -> UnwrapFuture<Self>
 679    where
 680        Self: Sized;
 681}
 682
 683impl<F, T, E> TryFutureExt for F
 684where
 685    F: Future<Output = Result<T, E>>,
 686    E: std::fmt::Debug,
 687{
 688    #[track_caller]
 689    fn log_err(self) -> LogErrorFuture<Self>
 690    where
 691        Self: Sized,
 692    {
 693        let location = Location::caller();
 694        LogErrorFuture(self, log::Level::Error, *location)
 695    }
 696
 697    fn log_tracked_err(self, location: core::panic::Location<'static>) -> LogErrorFuture<Self>
 698    where
 699        Self: Sized,
 700    {
 701        LogErrorFuture(self, log::Level::Error, location)
 702    }
 703
 704    #[track_caller]
 705    fn warn_on_err(self) -> LogErrorFuture<Self>
 706    where
 707        Self: Sized,
 708    {
 709        let location = Location::caller();
 710        LogErrorFuture(self, log::Level::Warn, *location)
 711    }
 712
 713    fn unwrap(self) -> UnwrapFuture<Self>
 714    where
 715        Self: Sized,
 716    {
 717        UnwrapFuture(self)
 718    }
 719}
 720
 721#[must_use]
 722pub struct LogErrorFuture<F>(F, log::Level, core::panic::Location<'static>);
 723
 724impl<F, T, E> Future for LogErrorFuture<F>
 725where
 726    F: Future<Output = Result<T, E>>,
 727    E: std::fmt::Debug,
 728{
 729    type Output = Option<T>;
 730
 731    fn poll(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context) -> Poll<Self::Output> {
 732        let level = self.1;
 733        let location = self.2;
 734        let inner = unsafe { Pin::new_unchecked(&mut self.get_unchecked_mut().0) };
 735        match inner.poll(cx) {
 736            Poll::Ready(output) => Poll::Ready(match output {
 737                Ok(output) => Some(output),
 738                Err(error) => {
 739                    log_error_with_caller(location, error, level);
 740                    None
 741                }
 742            }),
 743            Poll::Pending => Poll::Pending,
 744        }
 745    }
 746}
 747
 748pub struct UnwrapFuture<F>(F);
 749
 750impl<F, T, E> Future for UnwrapFuture<F>
 751where
 752    F: Future<Output = Result<T, E>>,
 753    E: std::fmt::Debug,
 754{
 755    type Output = T;
 756
 757    fn poll(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context) -> Poll<Self::Output> {
 758        let inner = unsafe { Pin::new_unchecked(&mut self.get_unchecked_mut().0) };
 759        match inner.poll(cx) {
 760            Poll::Ready(result) => Poll::Ready(result.unwrap()),
 761            Poll::Pending => Poll::Pending,
 762        }
 763    }
 764}
 765
 766pub struct Deferred<F: FnOnce()>(Option<F>);
 767
 768impl<F: FnOnce()> Deferred<F> {
 769    /// Drop without running the deferred function.
 770    pub fn abort(mut self) {
 771        self.0.take();
 772    }
 773}
 774
 775impl<F: FnOnce()> Drop for Deferred<F> {
 776    fn drop(&mut self) {
 777        if let Some(f) = self.0.take() {
 778            f()
 779        }
 780    }
 781}
 782
 783/// Run the given function when the returned value is dropped (unless it's cancelled).
 784#[must_use]
 785pub fn defer<F: FnOnce()>(f: F) -> Deferred<F> {
 786    Deferred(Some(f))
 787}
 788
 789#[cfg(any(test, feature = "test-support"))]
 790mod rng {
 791    use rand::prelude::*;
 792
 793    pub struct RandomCharIter<T: Rng> {
 794        rng: T,
 795        simple_text: bool,
 796    }
 797
 798    impl<T: Rng> RandomCharIter<T> {
 799        pub fn new(rng: T) -> Self {
 800            Self {
 801                rng,
 802                simple_text: std::env::var("SIMPLE_TEXT").is_ok_and(|v| !v.is_empty()),
 803            }
 804        }
 805
 806        pub fn with_simple_text(mut self) -> Self {
 807            self.simple_text = true;
 808            self
 809        }
 810    }
 811
 812    impl<T: Rng> Iterator for RandomCharIter<T> {
 813        type Item = char;
 814
 815        fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
 816            if self.simple_text {
 817                return if self.rng.random_range(0..100) < 5 {
 818                    Some('\n')
 819                } else {
 820                    Some(self.rng.random_range(b'a'..b'z' + 1).into())
 821                };
 822            }
 823
 824            match self.rng.random_range(0..100) {
 825                // whitespace
 826                0..=19 => [' ', '\n', '\r', '\t'].choose(&mut self.rng).copied(),
 827                // two-byte greek letters
 828                20..=32 => char::from_u32(self.rng.random_range(('Ξ±' as u32)..('Ο‰' as u32 + 1))),
 829                // // three-byte characters
 830                33..=45 => ['βœ‹', 'βœ…', '❌', '❎', '⭐']
 831                    .choose(&mut self.rng)
 832                    .copied(),
 833                // // four-byte characters
 834                46..=58 => ['🍐', 'πŸ€', 'πŸ—', 'πŸŽ‰'].choose(&mut self.rng).copied(),
 835                // ascii letters
 836                _ => Some(self.rng.random_range(b'a'..b'z' + 1).into()),
 837            }
 838        }
 839    }
 840}
 841#[cfg(any(test, feature = "test-support"))]
 842pub use rng::RandomCharIter;
 843
 844/// Get an embedded file as a string.
 845pub fn asset_str<A: rust_embed::RustEmbed>(path: &str) -> Cow<'static, str> {
 846    match A::get(path).expect(path).data {
 847        Cow::Borrowed(bytes) => Cow::Borrowed(std::str::from_utf8(bytes).unwrap()),
 848        Cow::Owned(bytes) => Cow::Owned(String::from_utf8(bytes).unwrap()),
 849    }
 850}
 851
 852/// Expands to an immediately-invoked function expression. Good for using the ? operator
 853/// in functions which do not return an Option or Result.
 854///
 855/// Accepts a normal block, an async block, or an async move block.
 856#[macro_export]
 857macro_rules! maybe {
 858    ($block:block) => {
 859        (|| $block)()
 860    };
 861    (async $block:block) => {
 862        (async || $block)()
 863    };
 864    (async move $block:block) => {
 865        (async move || $block)()
 866    };
 867}
 868
 869pub trait RangeExt<T> {
 870    fn sorted(&self) -> Self;
 871    fn to_inclusive(&self) -> RangeInclusive<T>;
 872    fn overlaps(&self, other: &Range<T>) -> bool;
 873    fn contains_inclusive(&self, other: &Range<T>) -> bool;
 874}
 875
 876impl<T: Ord + Clone> RangeExt<T> for Range<T> {
 877    fn sorted(&self) -> Self {
 878        cmp::min(&self.start, &self.end).clone()..cmp::max(&self.start, &self.end).clone()
 879    }
 880
 881    fn to_inclusive(&self) -> RangeInclusive<T> {
 882        self.start.clone()..=self.end.clone()
 883    }
 884
 885    fn overlaps(&self, other: &Range<T>) -> bool {
 886        self.start < other.end && other.start < self.end
 887    }
 888
 889    fn contains_inclusive(&self, other: &Range<T>) -> bool {
 890        self.start <= other.start && other.end <= self.end
 891    }
 892}
 893
 894impl<T: Ord + Clone> RangeExt<T> for RangeInclusive<T> {
 895    fn sorted(&self) -> Self {
 896        cmp::min(self.start(), self.end()).clone()..=cmp::max(self.start(), self.end()).clone()
 897    }
 898
 899    fn to_inclusive(&self) -> RangeInclusive<T> {
 900        self.clone()
 901    }
 902
 903    fn overlaps(&self, other: &Range<T>) -> bool {
 904        self.start() < &other.end && &other.start <= self.end()
 905    }
 906
 907    fn contains_inclusive(&self, other: &Range<T>) -> bool {
 908        self.start() <= &other.start && &other.end <= self.end()
 909    }
 910}
 911
 912/// A way to sort strings with starting numbers numerically first, falling back to alphanumeric one,
 913/// case-insensitive.
 914///
 915/// This is useful for turning regular alphanumerically sorted sequences as `1-abc, 10, 11-def, .., 2, 21-abc`
 916/// into `1-abc, 2, 10, 11-def, .., 21-abc`
 917#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
 918pub struct NumericPrefixWithSuffix<'a>(Option<u64>, &'a str);
 919
 920impl<'a> NumericPrefixWithSuffix<'a> {
 921    pub fn from_numeric_prefixed_str(str: &'a str) -> Self {
 922        let i = str.chars().take_while(|c| c.is_ascii_digit()).count();
 923        let (prefix, remainder) = str.split_at(i);
 924
 925        let prefix = prefix.parse().ok();
 926        Self(prefix, remainder)
 927    }
 928}
 929
 930/// When dealing with equality, we need to consider the case of the strings to achieve strict equality
 931/// to handle cases like "a" < "A" instead of "a" == "A".
 932impl Ord for NumericPrefixWithSuffix<'_> {
 933    fn cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Ordering {
 934        match (self.0, other.0) {
 935            (None, None) => UniCase::new(self.1)
 936                .cmp(&UniCase::new(other.1))
 937                .then_with(|| self.1.cmp(other.1).reverse()),
 938            (None, Some(_)) => Ordering::Greater,
 939            (Some(_), None) => Ordering::Less,
 940            (Some(a), Some(b)) => a.cmp(&b).then_with(|| {
 941                UniCase::new(self.1)
 942                    .cmp(&UniCase::new(other.1))
 943                    .then_with(|| self.1.cmp(other.1).reverse())
 944            }),
 945        }
 946    }
 947}
 948
 949impl PartialOrd for NumericPrefixWithSuffix<'_> {
 950    fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<Ordering> {
 951        Some(self.cmp(other))
 952    }
 953}
 954
 955/// Capitalizes the first character of a string.
 956///
 957/// This function takes a string slice as input and returns a new `String` with the first character
 958/// capitalized.
 959///
 960/// # Examples
 961///
 962/// ```
 963/// use util::capitalize;
 964///
 965/// assert_eq!(capitalize("hello"), "Hello");
 966/// assert_eq!(capitalize("WORLD"), "WORLD");
 967/// assert_eq!(capitalize(""), "");
 968/// ```
 969pub fn capitalize(str: &str) -> String {
 970    let mut chars = str.chars();
 971    match chars.next() {
 972        None => String::new(),
 973        Some(first_char) => first_char.to_uppercase().collect::<String>() + chars.as_str(),
 974    }
 975}
 976
 977fn emoji_regex() -> &'static Regex {
 978    static EMOJI_REGEX: LazyLock<Regex> =
 979        LazyLock::new(|| Regex::new("(\\p{Emoji}|\u{200D})").unwrap());
 980    &EMOJI_REGEX
 981}
 982
 983/// Returns true if the given string consists of emojis only.
 984/// E.g. "πŸ‘¨β€πŸ‘©β€πŸ‘§β€πŸ‘§πŸ‘‹" will return true, but "πŸ‘‹!" will return false.
 985pub fn word_consists_of_emojis(s: &str) -> bool {
 986    let mut prev_end = 0;
 987    for capture in emoji_regex().find_iter(s) {
 988        if capture.start() != prev_end {
 989            return false;
 990        }
 991        prev_end = capture.end();
 992    }
 993    prev_end == s.len()
 994}
 995
 996/// Similar to `str::split`, but also provides byte-offset ranges of the results. Unlike
 997/// `str::split`, this is not generic on pattern types and does not return an `Iterator`.
 998pub fn split_str_with_ranges<'s>(
 999    s: &'s str,
1000    pat: &dyn Fn(char) -> bool,
1001) -> Vec<(Range<usize>, &'s str)> {
1002    let mut result = Vec::new();
1003    let mut start = 0;
1004
1005    for (i, ch) in s.char_indices() {
1006        if pat(ch) {
1007            if i > start {
1008                result.push((start..i, &s[start..i]));
1009            }
1010            start = i + ch.len_utf8();
1011        }
1012    }
1013
1014    if s.len() > start {
1015        result.push((start..s.len(), &s[start..s.len()]));
1016    }
1017
1018    result
1019}
1020
1021pub fn default<D: Default>() -> D {
1022    Default::default()
1023}
1024
1025pub use self::shell::{
1026    get_default_system_shell, get_default_system_shell_preferring_bash, get_system_shell,
1027};
1028
1029#[derive(Debug)]
1030pub enum ConnectionResult<O> {
1031    Timeout,
1032    ConnectionReset,
1033    Result(anyhow::Result<O>),
1034}
1035
1036impl<O> ConnectionResult<O> {
1037    pub fn into_response(self) -> anyhow::Result<O> {
1038        match self {
1039            ConnectionResult::Timeout => anyhow::bail!("Request timed out"),
1040            ConnectionResult::ConnectionReset => anyhow::bail!("Server reset the connection"),
1041            ConnectionResult::Result(r) => r,
1042        }
1043    }
1044}
1045
1046impl<O> From<anyhow::Result<O>> for ConnectionResult<O> {
1047    fn from(result: anyhow::Result<O>) -> Self {
1048        ConnectionResult::Result(result)
1049    }
1050}
1051
1052#[track_caller]
1053pub fn some_or_debug_panic<T>(option: Option<T>) -> Option<T> {
1054    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
1055    if option.is_none() {
1056        panic!("Unexpected None");
1057    }
1058    option
1059}
1060
1061/// Normalizes a path by resolving `.` and `..` components without
1062/// requiring the path to exist on disk (unlike `canonicalize`).
1063pub fn normalize_path(path: &Path) -> PathBuf {
1064    use std::path::Component;
1065    let mut components = path.components().peekable();
1066    let mut ret = if let Some(c @ Component::Prefix(..)) = components.peek().cloned() {
1067        components.next();
1068        PathBuf::from(c.as_os_str())
1069    } else {
1070        PathBuf::new()
1071    };
1072
1073    for component in components {
1074        match component {
1075            Component::Prefix(..) => unreachable!(),
1076            Component::RootDir => {
1077                ret.push(component.as_os_str());
1078            }
1079            Component::CurDir => {}
1080            Component::ParentDir => {
1081                ret.pop();
1082            }
1083            Component::Normal(c) => {
1084                ret.push(c);
1085            }
1086        }
1087    }
1088    ret
1089}
1090
1091#[cfg(test)]
1092mod tests {
1093    use super::*;
1094
1095    #[test]
1096    fn test_extend_sorted() {
1097        let mut vec = vec![];
1098
1099        extend_sorted(&mut vec, vec![21, 17, 13, 8, 1, 0], 5, |a, b| b.cmp(a));
1100        assert_eq!(vec, &[21, 17, 13, 8, 1]);
1101
1102        extend_sorted(&mut vec, vec![101, 19, 17, 8, 2], 8, |a, b| b.cmp(a));
1103        assert_eq!(vec, &[101, 21, 19, 17, 13, 8, 2, 1]);
1104
1105        extend_sorted(&mut vec, vec![1000, 19, 17, 9, 5], 8, |a, b| b.cmp(a));
1106        assert_eq!(vec, &[1000, 101, 21, 19, 17, 13, 9, 8]);
1107    }
1108
1109    #[test]
1110    fn test_truncate_to_bottom_n_sorted_by() {
1111        let mut vec: Vec<u32> = vec![5, 2, 3, 4, 1];
1112        truncate_to_bottom_n_sorted_by(&mut vec, 10, &u32::cmp);
1113        assert_eq!(vec, &[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
1114
1115        vec = vec![5, 2, 3, 4, 1];
1116        truncate_to_bottom_n_sorted_by(&mut vec, 5, &u32::cmp);
1117        assert_eq!(vec, &[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
1118
1119        vec = vec![5, 2, 3, 4, 1];
1120        truncate_to_bottom_n_sorted_by(&mut vec, 4, &u32::cmp);
1121        assert_eq!(vec, &[1, 2, 3, 4]);
1122
1123        vec = vec![5, 2, 3, 4, 1];
1124        truncate_to_bottom_n_sorted_by(&mut vec, 1, &u32::cmp);
1125        assert_eq!(vec, &[1]);
1126
1127        vec = vec![5, 2, 3, 4, 1];
1128        truncate_to_bottom_n_sorted_by(&mut vec, 0, &u32::cmp);
1129        assert!(vec.is_empty());
1130    }
1131
1132    #[test]
1133    fn test_iife() {
1134        fn option_returning_function() -> Option<()> {
1135            None
1136        }
1137
1138        let foo = maybe!({
1139            option_returning_function()?;
1140            Some(())
1141        });
1142
1143        assert_eq!(foo, None);
1144    }
1145
1146    #[test]
1147    fn test_truncate_and_trailoff() {
1148        assert_eq!(truncate_and_trailoff("", 5), "");
1149        assert_eq!(truncate_and_trailoff("aaaaaa", 7), "aaaaaa");
1150        assert_eq!(truncate_and_trailoff("aaaaaa", 6), "aaaaaa");
1151        assert_eq!(truncate_and_trailoff("aaaaaa", 5), "aaaaa…");
1152        assert_eq!(truncate_and_trailoff("èèèèèè", 7), "èèèèèè");
1153        assert_eq!(truncate_and_trailoff("èèèèèè", 6), "èèèèèè");
1154        assert_eq!(truncate_and_trailoff("èèèèèè", 5), "èèèèè…");
1155    }
1156
1157    #[test]
1158    fn test_truncate_and_remove_front() {
1159        assert_eq!(truncate_and_remove_front("", 5), "");
1160        assert_eq!(truncate_and_remove_front("aaaaaa", 7), "aaaaaa");
1161        assert_eq!(truncate_and_remove_front("aaaaaa", 6), "aaaaaa");
1162        assert_eq!(truncate_and_remove_front("aaaaaa", 5), "…aaaaa");
1163        assert_eq!(truncate_and_remove_front("èèèèèè", 7), "èèèèèè");
1164        assert_eq!(truncate_and_remove_front("èèèèèè", 6), "èèèèèè");
1165        assert_eq!(truncate_and_remove_front("èèèèèè", 5), "…èèèèè");
1166    }
1167
1168    #[test]
1169    fn test_numeric_prefix_str_method() {
1170        let target = "1a";
1171        assert_eq!(
1172            NumericPrefixWithSuffix::from_numeric_prefixed_str(target),
1173            NumericPrefixWithSuffix(Some(1), "a")
1174        );
1175
1176        let target = "12ab";
1177        assert_eq!(
1178            NumericPrefixWithSuffix::from_numeric_prefixed_str(target),
1179            NumericPrefixWithSuffix(Some(12), "ab")
1180        );
1181
1182        let target = "12_ab";
1183        assert_eq!(
1184            NumericPrefixWithSuffix::from_numeric_prefixed_str(target),
1185            NumericPrefixWithSuffix(Some(12), "_ab")
1186        );
1187
1188        let target = "1_2ab";
1189        assert_eq!(
1190            NumericPrefixWithSuffix::from_numeric_prefixed_str(target),
1191            NumericPrefixWithSuffix(Some(1), "_2ab")
1192        );
1193
1194        let target = "1.2";
1195        assert_eq!(
1196            NumericPrefixWithSuffix::from_numeric_prefixed_str(target),
1197            NumericPrefixWithSuffix(Some(1), ".2")
1198        );
1199
1200        let target = "1.2_a";
1201        assert_eq!(
1202            NumericPrefixWithSuffix::from_numeric_prefixed_str(target),
1203            NumericPrefixWithSuffix(Some(1), ".2_a")
1204        );
1205
1206        let target = "12.2_a";
1207        assert_eq!(
1208            NumericPrefixWithSuffix::from_numeric_prefixed_str(target),
1209            NumericPrefixWithSuffix(Some(12), ".2_a")
1210        );
1211
1212        let target = "12a.2_a";
1213        assert_eq!(
1214            NumericPrefixWithSuffix::from_numeric_prefixed_str(target),
1215            NumericPrefixWithSuffix(Some(12), "a.2_a")
1216        );
1217    }
1218
1219    #[test]
1220    fn test_numeric_prefix_with_suffix() {
1221        let mut sorted = vec!["1-abc", "10", "11def", "2", "21-abc"];
1222        sorted.sort_by_key(|s| NumericPrefixWithSuffix::from_numeric_prefixed_str(s));
1223        assert_eq!(sorted, ["1-abc", "2", "10", "11def", "21-abc"]);
1224
1225        for numeric_prefix_less in ["numeric_prefix_less", "aaa", "~β„’Β£"] {
1226            assert_eq!(
1227                NumericPrefixWithSuffix::from_numeric_prefixed_str(numeric_prefix_less),
1228                NumericPrefixWithSuffix(None, numeric_prefix_less),
1229                "String without numeric prefix `{numeric_prefix_less}` should not be converted into NumericPrefixWithSuffix"
1230            )
1231        }
1232    }
1233
1234    #[test]
1235    fn test_word_consists_of_emojis() {
1236        let words_to_test = vec![
1237            ("πŸ‘¨β€πŸ‘©β€πŸ‘§β€πŸ‘§πŸ‘‹πŸ₯’", true),
1238            ("πŸ‘‹", true),
1239            ("!πŸ‘‹", false),
1240            ("πŸ‘‹!", false),
1241            ("πŸ‘‹ ", false),
1242            (" πŸ‘‹", false),
1243            ("Test", false),
1244        ];
1245
1246        for (text, expected_result) in words_to_test {
1247            assert_eq!(word_consists_of_emojis(text), expected_result);
1248        }
1249    }
1250
1251    #[test]
1252    fn test_truncate_lines_and_trailoff() {
1253        let text = r#"Line 1
1254Line 2
1255Line 3"#;
1256
1257        assert_eq!(
1258            truncate_lines_and_trailoff(text, 2),
1259            r#"Line 1
1260…"#
1261        );
1262
1263        assert_eq!(
1264            truncate_lines_and_trailoff(text, 3),
1265            r#"Line 1
1266Line 2
1267…"#
1268        );
1269
1270        assert_eq!(
1271            truncate_lines_and_trailoff(text, 4),
1272            r#"Line 1
1273Line 2
1274Line 3"#
1275        );
1276    }
1277
1278    #[test]
1279    fn test_expanded_and_wrapped_usize_range() {
1280        // Neither wrap
1281        assert_eq!(
1282            expanded_and_wrapped_usize_range(2..4, 1, 1, 8).collect::<Vec<usize>>(),
1283            (1..5).collect::<Vec<usize>>()
1284        );
1285        // Start wraps
1286        assert_eq!(
1287            expanded_and_wrapped_usize_range(2..4, 3, 1, 8).collect::<Vec<usize>>(),
1288            ((0..5).chain(7..8)).collect::<Vec<usize>>()
1289        );
1290        // Start wraps all the way around
1291        assert_eq!(
1292            expanded_and_wrapped_usize_range(2..4, 5, 1, 8).collect::<Vec<usize>>(),
1293            (0..8).collect::<Vec<usize>>()
1294        );
1295        // Start wraps all the way around and past 0
1296        assert_eq!(
1297            expanded_and_wrapped_usize_range(2..4, 10, 1, 8).collect::<Vec<usize>>(),
1298            (0..8).collect::<Vec<usize>>()
1299        );
1300        // End wraps
1301        assert_eq!(
1302            expanded_and_wrapped_usize_range(3..5, 1, 4, 8).collect::<Vec<usize>>(),
1303            (0..1).chain(2..8).collect::<Vec<usize>>()
1304        );
1305        // End wraps all the way around
1306        assert_eq!(
1307            expanded_and_wrapped_usize_range(3..5, 1, 5, 8).collect::<Vec<usize>>(),
1308            (0..8).collect::<Vec<usize>>()
1309        );
1310        // End wraps all the way around and past the end
1311        assert_eq!(
1312            expanded_and_wrapped_usize_range(3..5, 1, 10, 8).collect::<Vec<usize>>(),
1313            (0..8).collect::<Vec<usize>>()
1314        );
1315        // Both start and end wrap
1316        assert_eq!(
1317            expanded_and_wrapped_usize_range(3..5, 4, 4, 8).collect::<Vec<usize>>(),
1318            (0..8).collect::<Vec<usize>>()
1319        );
1320    }
1321
1322    #[test]
1323    fn test_wrapped_usize_outward_from() {
1324        // No wrapping
1325        assert_eq!(
1326            wrapped_usize_outward_from(4, 2, 2, 10).collect::<Vec<usize>>(),
1327            vec![4, 5, 3, 6, 2]
1328        );
1329        // Wrapping at end
1330        assert_eq!(
1331            wrapped_usize_outward_from(8, 2, 3, 10).collect::<Vec<usize>>(),
1332            vec![8, 9, 7, 0, 6, 1]
1333        );
1334        // Wrapping at start
1335        assert_eq!(
1336            wrapped_usize_outward_from(1, 3, 2, 10).collect::<Vec<usize>>(),
1337            vec![1, 2, 0, 3, 9, 8]
1338        );
1339        // All values wrap around
1340        assert_eq!(
1341            wrapped_usize_outward_from(5, 10, 10, 8).collect::<Vec<usize>>(),
1342            vec![5, 6, 4, 7, 3, 0, 2, 1]
1343        );
1344        // None before / after
1345        assert_eq!(
1346            wrapped_usize_outward_from(3, 0, 0, 8).collect::<Vec<usize>>(),
1347            vec![3]
1348        );
1349        // Starting point already wrapped
1350        assert_eq!(
1351            wrapped_usize_outward_from(15, 2, 2, 10).collect::<Vec<usize>>(),
1352            vec![5, 6, 4, 7, 3]
1353        );
1354        // wrap_length of 0
1355        assert_eq!(
1356            wrapped_usize_outward_from(4, 2, 2, 0).collect::<Vec<usize>>(),
1357            Vec::<usize>::new()
1358        );
1359    }
1360
1361    #[test]
1362    fn test_split_with_ranges() {
1363        let input = "hi";
1364        let result = split_str_with_ranges(input, &|c| c == ' ');
1365
1366        assert_eq!(result.len(), 1);
1367        assert_eq!(result[0], (0..2, "hi"));
1368
1369        let input = "hΓ©lloπŸ¦€world";
1370        let result = split_str_with_ranges(input, &|c| c == 'πŸ¦€');
1371
1372        assert_eq!(result.len(), 2);
1373        assert_eq!(result[0], (0..6, "hΓ©llo")); // 'Γ©' is 2 bytes
1374        assert_eq!(result[1], (10..15, "world")); // 'πŸ¦€' is 4 bytes
1375    }
1376}