window.rs

   1use crate::{
   2    px, size, transparent_black, Action, AnyDrag, AnyView, AppContext, Arena, AsyncWindowContext,
   3    AvailableSpace, Bounds, Context, Corners, CursorStyle, DispatchActionListener, DispatchNodeId,
   4    DispatchTree, DisplayId, Edges, Effect, Entity, EntityId, EventEmitter, FileDropEvent, Flatten,
   5    Global, GlobalElementId, Hsla, KeyBinding, KeyContext, KeyDownEvent, KeyMatch, KeymatchResult,
   6    Keystroke, KeystrokeEvent, Model, ModelContext, Modifiers, MouseButton, MouseMoveEvent,
   7    MouseUpEvent, Pixels, PlatformAtlas, PlatformDisplay, PlatformInput, PlatformWindow, Point,
   8    PromptLevel, Render, ScaledPixels, SharedString, Size, SubscriberSet, Subscription,
   9    TaffyLayoutEngine, Task, View, VisualContext, WeakView, WindowAppearance, WindowBounds,
  10    WindowOptions, WindowTextSystem,
  11};
  12use anyhow::{anyhow, Context as _, Result};
  13use collections::FxHashSet;
  14use derive_more::{Deref, DerefMut};
  15use futures::channel::oneshot;
  16use parking_lot::RwLock;
  17use slotmap::SlotMap;
  18use smallvec::SmallVec;
  19use std::{
  20    any::{Any, TypeId},
  21    borrow::{Borrow, BorrowMut},
  22    cell::{Cell, RefCell},
  23    fmt::{Debug, Display},
  24    future::Future,
  25    hash::{Hash, Hasher},
  26    marker::PhantomData,
  27    mem,
  28    rc::Rc,
  29    sync::{
  30        atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering::SeqCst},
  31        Arc,
  32    },
  33    time::{Duration, Instant},
  34};
  35use util::{measure, ResultExt};
  36
  37mod element_cx;
  38pub use element_cx::*;
  39
  40const ACTIVE_DRAG_Z_INDEX: u16 = 1;
  41
  42/// A global stacking order, which is created by stacking successive z-index values.
  43/// Each z-index will always be interpreted in the context of its parent z-index.
  44#[derive(Debug, Deref, DerefMut, Clone, Ord, PartialOrd, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]
  45pub struct StackingOrder(SmallVec<[StackingContext; 64]>);
  46
  47/// A single entry in a primitive's z-index stacking order
  48#[derive(Clone, Ord, PartialOrd, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]
  49pub struct StackingContext {
  50    pub(crate) z_index: u16,
  51    pub(crate) id: u16,
  52}
  53
  54impl std::fmt::Debug for StackingContext {
  55    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
  56        write!(f, "{{{}.{}}} ", self.z_index, self.id)
  57    }
  58}
  59
  60/// Represents the two different phases when dispatching events.
  61#[derive(Default, Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
  62pub enum DispatchPhase {
  63    /// After the capture phase comes the bubble phase, in which mouse event listeners are
  64    /// invoked front to back and keyboard event listeners are invoked from the focused element
  65    /// to the root of the element tree. This is the phase you'll most commonly want to use when
  66    /// registering event listeners.
  67    #[default]
  68    Bubble,
  69    /// During the initial capture phase, mouse event listeners are invoked back to front, and keyboard
  70    /// listeners are invoked from the root of the tree downward toward the focused element. This phase
  71    /// is used for special purposes such as clearing the "pressed" state for click events. If
  72    /// you stop event propagation during this phase, you need to know what you're doing. Handlers
  73    /// outside of the immediate region may rely on detecting non-local events during this phase.
  74    Capture,
  75}
  76
  77impl DispatchPhase {
  78    /// Returns true if this represents the "bubble" phase.
  79    pub fn bubble(self) -> bool {
  80        self == DispatchPhase::Bubble
  81    }
  82
  83    /// Returns true if this represents the "capture" phase.
  84    pub fn capture(self) -> bool {
  85        self == DispatchPhase::Capture
  86    }
  87}
  88
  89type AnyObserver = Box<dyn FnMut(&mut WindowContext) -> bool + 'static>;
  90
  91type AnyWindowFocusListener = Box<dyn FnMut(&FocusEvent, &mut WindowContext) -> bool + 'static>;
  92
  93struct FocusEvent {
  94    previous_focus_path: SmallVec<[FocusId; 8]>,
  95    current_focus_path: SmallVec<[FocusId; 8]>,
  96}
  97
  98slotmap::new_key_type! {
  99    /// A globally unique identifier for a focusable element.
 100    pub struct FocusId;
 101}
 102
 103thread_local! {
 104    pub(crate) static ELEMENT_ARENA: RefCell<Arena> = RefCell::new(Arena::new(8 * 1024 * 1024));
 105}
 106
 107impl FocusId {
 108    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle is currently focused.
 109    pub fn is_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 110        cx.window.focus == Some(*self)
 111    }
 112
 113    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle contains the focused
 114    /// element or is itself focused.
 115    pub fn contains_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 116        cx.focused()
 117            .map_or(false, |focused| self.contains(focused.id, cx))
 118    }
 119
 120    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle is contained within the
 121    /// focused element or is itself focused.
 122    pub fn within_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 123        let focused = cx.focused();
 124        focused.map_or(false, |focused| focused.id.contains(*self, cx))
 125    }
 126
 127    /// Obtains whether this handle contains the given handle in the most recently rendered frame.
 128    pub(crate) fn contains(&self, other: Self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 129        cx.window
 130            .rendered_frame
 131            .dispatch_tree
 132            .focus_contains(*self, other)
 133    }
 134}
 135
 136/// A handle which can be used to track and manipulate the focused element in a window.
 137pub struct FocusHandle {
 138    pub(crate) id: FocusId,
 139    handles: Arc<RwLock<SlotMap<FocusId, AtomicUsize>>>,
 140}
 141
 142impl std::fmt::Debug for FocusHandle {
 143    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
 144        f.write_fmt(format_args!("FocusHandle({:?})", self.id))
 145    }
 146}
 147
 148impl FocusHandle {
 149    pub(crate) fn new(handles: &Arc<RwLock<SlotMap<FocusId, AtomicUsize>>>) -> Self {
 150        let id = handles.write().insert(AtomicUsize::new(1));
 151        Self {
 152            id,
 153            handles: handles.clone(),
 154        }
 155    }
 156
 157    pub(crate) fn for_id(
 158        id: FocusId,
 159        handles: &Arc<RwLock<SlotMap<FocusId, AtomicUsize>>>,
 160    ) -> Option<Self> {
 161        let lock = handles.read();
 162        let ref_count = lock.get(id)?;
 163        if ref_count.load(SeqCst) == 0 {
 164            None
 165        } else {
 166            ref_count.fetch_add(1, SeqCst);
 167            Some(Self {
 168                id,
 169                handles: handles.clone(),
 170            })
 171        }
 172    }
 173
 174    /// Moves the focus to the element associated with this handle.
 175    pub fn focus(&self, cx: &mut WindowContext) {
 176        cx.focus(self)
 177    }
 178
 179    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle is currently focused.
 180    pub fn is_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 181        self.id.is_focused(cx)
 182    }
 183
 184    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle contains the focused
 185    /// element or is itself focused.
 186    pub fn contains_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 187        self.id.contains_focused(cx)
 188    }
 189
 190    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle is contained within the
 191    /// focused element or is itself focused.
 192    pub fn within_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 193        self.id.within_focused(cx)
 194    }
 195
 196    /// Obtains whether this handle contains the given handle in the most recently rendered frame.
 197    pub fn contains(&self, other: &Self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 198        self.id.contains(other.id, cx)
 199    }
 200}
 201
 202impl Clone for FocusHandle {
 203    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
 204        Self::for_id(self.id, &self.handles).unwrap()
 205    }
 206}
 207
 208impl PartialEq for FocusHandle {
 209    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
 210        self.id == other.id
 211    }
 212}
 213
 214impl Eq for FocusHandle {}
 215
 216impl Drop for FocusHandle {
 217    fn drop(&mut self) {
 218        self.handles
 219            .read()
 220            .get(self.id)
 221            .unwrap()
 222            .fetch_sub(1, SeqCst);
 223    }
 224}
 225
 226/// FocusableView allows users of your view to easily
 227/// focus it (using cx.focus_view(view))
 228pub trait FocusableView: 'static + Render {
 229    /// Returns the focus handle associated with this view.
 230    fn focus_handle(&self, cx: &AppContext) -> FocusHandle;
 231}
 232
 233/// ManagedView is a view (like a Modal, Popover, Menu, etc.)
 234/// where the lifecycle of the view is handled by another view.
 235pub trait ManagedView: FocusableView + EventEmitter<DismissEvent> {}
 236
 237impl<M: FocusableView + EventEmitter<DismissEvent>> ManagedView for M {}
 238
 239/// Emitted by implementers of [`ManagedView`] to indicate the view should be dismissed, such as when a view is presented as a modal.
 240pub struct DismissEvent;
 241
 242type FrameCallback = Box<dyn FnOnce(&mut WindowContext)>;
 243
 244// Holds the state for a specific window.
 245#[doc(hidden)]
 246pub struct Window {
 247    pub(crate) handle: AnyWindowHandle,
 248    pub(crate) removed: bool,
 249    pub(crate) platform_window: Box<dyn PlatformWindow>,
 250    display_id: DisplayId,
 251    sprite_atlas: Arc<dyn PlatformAtlas>,
 252    text_system: Arc<WindowTextSystem>,
 253    pub(crate) rem_size: Pixels,
 254    pub(crate) viewport_size: Size<Pixels>,
 255    layout_engine: Option<TaffyLayoutEngine>,
 256    pub(crate) root_view: Option<AnyView>,
 257    pub(crate) element_id_stack: GlobalElementId,
 258    pub(crate) rendered_frame: Frame,
 259    pub(crate) next_frame: Frame,
 260    next_frame_callbacks: Rc<RefCell<Vec<FrameCallback>>>,
 261    pub(crate) dirty_views: FxHashSet<EntityId>,
 262    pub(crate) focus_handles: Arc<RwLock<SlotMap<FocusId, AtomicUsize>>>,
 263    focus_listeners: SubscriberSet<(), AnyWindowFocusListener>,
 264    focus_lost_listeners: SubscriberSet<(), AnyObserver>,
 265    default_prevented: bool,
 266    mouse_position: Point<Pixels>,
 267    modifiers: Modifiers,
 268    scale_factor: f32,
 269    bounds: WindowBounds,
 270    bounds_observers: SubscriberSet<(), AnyObserver>,
 271    appearance: WindowAppearance,
 272    appearance_observers: SubscriberSet<(), AnyObserver>,
 273    active: Rc<Cell<bool>>,
 274    pub(crate) dirty: Rc<Cell<bool>>,
 275    pub(crate) needs_present: Rc<Cell<bool>>,
 276    pub(crate) last_input_timestamp: Rc<Cell<Instant>>,
 277    pub(crate) refreshing: bool,
 278    pub(crate) drawing: bool,
 279    activation_observers: SubscriberSet<(), AnyObserver>,
 280    pub(crate) focus: Option<FocusId>,
 281    focus_enabled: bool,
 282    pending_input: Option<PendingInput>,
 283}
 284
 285#[derive(Default, Debug)]
 286struct PendingInput {
 287    keystrokes: SmallVec<[Keystroke; 1]>,
 288    bindings: SmallVec<[KeyBinding; 1]>,
 289    focus: Option<FocusId>,
 290    timer: Option<Task<()>>,
 291}
 292
 293impl PendingInput {
 294    fn input(&self) -> String {
 295        self.keystrokes
 296            .iter()
 297            .flat_map(|k| k.ime_key.clone())
 298            .collect::<Vec<String>>()
 299            .join("")
 300    }
 301
 302    fn used_by_binding(&self, binding: &KeyBinding) -> bool {
 303        if self.keystrokes.is_empty() {
 304            return true;
 305        }
 306        let keystroke = &self.keystrokes[0];
 307        for candidate in keystroke.match_candidates() {
 308            if binding.match_keystrokes(&[candidate]) == KeyMatch::Pending {
 309                return true;
 310            }
 311        }
 312        false
 313    }
 314}
 315
 316pub(crate) struct ElementStateBox {
 317    pub(crate) inner: Box<dyn Any>,
 318    pub(crate) parent_view_id: EntityId,
 319    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
 320    pub(crate) type_name: &'static str,
 321}
 322
 323impl Window {
 324    pub(crate) fn new(
 325        handle: AnyWindowHandle,
 326        options: WindowOptions,
 327        cx: &mut AppContext,
 328    ) -> Self {
 329        let platform_window = cx.platform.open_window(handle, options);
 330        let display_id = platform_window.display().id();
 331        let sprite_atlas = platform_window.sprite_atlas();
 332        let mouse_position = platform_window.mouse_position();
 333        let modifiers = platform_window.modifiers();
 334        let content_size = platform_window.content_size();
 335        let scale_factor = platform_window.scale_factor();
 336        let bounds = platform_window.bounds();
 337        let appearance = platform_window.appearance();
 338        let text_system = Arc::new(WindowTextSystem::new(cx.text_system().clone()));
 339        let dirty = Rc::new(Cell::new(true));
 340        let active = Rc::new(Cell::new(false));
 341        let needs_present = Rc::new(Cell::new(false));
 342        let next_frame_callbacks: Rc<RefCell<Vec<FrameCallback>>> = Default::default();
 343        let last_input_timestamp = Rc::new(Cell::new(Instant::now()));
 344
 345        platform_window.on_close(Box::new({
 346            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 347            move || {
 348                let _ = handle.update(&mut cx, |_, cx| cx.remove_window());
 349            }
 350        }));
 351        platform_window.on_request_frame(Box::new({
 352            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 353            let dirty = dirty.clone();
 354            let active = active.clone();
 355            let needs_present = needs_present.clone();
 356            let next_frame_callbacks = next_frame_callbacks.clone();
 357            let last_input_timestamp = last_input_timestamp.clone();
 358            move || {
 359                let next_frame_callbacks = next_frame_callbacks.take();
 360                if !next_frame_callbacks.is_empty() {
 361                    handle
 362                        .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| {
 363                            for callback in next_frame_callbacks {
 364                                callback(cx);
 365                            }
 366                        })
 367                        .log_err();
 368                }
 369
 370                // Keep presenting the current scene for 1 extra second since the
 371                // last input to prevent the display from underclocking the refresh rate.
 372                let needs_present = needs_present.get()
 373                    || (active.get()
 374                        && last_input_timestamp.get().elapsed() < Duration::from_secs(1));
 375
 376                if dirty.get() {
 377                    measure("frame duration", || {
 378                        handle
 379                            .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| {
 380                                cx.draw();
 381                                cx.present();
 382                            })
 383                            .log_err();
 384                    })
 385                } else if needs_present {
 386                    handle.update(&mut cx, |_, cx| cx.present()).log_err();
 387                }
 388            }
 389        }));
 390        platform_window.on_resize(Box::new({
 391            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 392            move |_, _| {
 393                handle
 394                    .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| cx.window_bounds_changed())
 395                    .log_err();
 396            }
 397        }));
 398        platform_window.on_moved(Box::new({
 399            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 400            move || {
 401                handle
 402                    .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| cx.window_bounds_changed())
 403                    .log_err();
 404            }
 405        }));
 406        platform_window.on_appearance_changed(Box::new({
 407            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 408            move || {
 409                handle
 410                    .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| cx.appearance_changed())
 411                    .log_err();
 412            }
 413        }));
 414        platform_window.on_active_status_change(Box::new({
 415            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 416            move |active| {
 417                handle
 418                    .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| {
 419                        cx.window.active.set(active);
 420                        cx.window
 421                            .activation_observers
 422                            .clone()
 423                            .retain(&(), |callback| callback(cx));
 424                    })
 425                    .log_err();
 426            }
 427        }));
 428
 429        platform_window.on_input({
 430            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 431            Box::new(move |event| {
 432                handle
 433                    .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| cx.dispatch_event(event))
 434                    .log_err()
 435                    .unwrap_or(false)
 436            })
 437        });
 438
 439        Window {
 440            handle,
 441            removed: false,
 442            platform_window,
 443            display_id,
 444            sprite_atlas,
 445            text_system,
 446            rem_size: px(16.),
 447            viewport_size: content_size,
 448            layout_engine: Some(TaffyLayoutEngine::new()),
 449            root_view: None,
 450            element_id_stack: GlobalElementId::default(),
 451            rendered_frame: Frame::new(DispatchTree::new(cx.keymap.clone(), cx.actions.clone())),
 452            next_frame: Frame::new(DispatchTree::new(cx.keymap.clone(), cx.actions.clone())),
 453            next_frame_callbacks,
 454            dirty_views: FxHashSet::default(),
 455            focus_handles: Arc::new(RwLock::new(SlotMap::with_key())),
 456            focus_listeners: SubscriberSet::new(),
 457            focus_lost_listeners: SubscriberSet::new(),
 458            default_prevented: true,
 459            mouse_position,
 460            modifiers,
 461            scale_factor,
 462            bounds,
 463            bounds_observers: SubscriberSet::new(),
 464            appearance,
 465            appearance_observers: SubscriberSet::new(),
 466            active,
 467            dirty,
 468            needs_present,
 469            last_input_timestamp,
 470            refreshing: false,
 471            drawing: false,
 472            activation_observers: SubscriberSet::new(),
 473            focus: None,
 474            focus_enabled: true,
 475            pending_input: None,
 476        }
 477    }
 478    fn new_focus_listener(
 479        &mut self,
 480        value: AnyWindowFocusListener,
 481    ) -> (Subscription, impl FnOnce()) {
 482        self.focus_listeners.insert((), value)
 483    }
 484}
 485
 486/// Indicates which region of the window is visible. Content falling outside of this mask will not be
 487/// rendered. Currently, only rectangular content masks are supported, but we give the mask its own type
 488/// to leave room to support more complex shapes in the future.
 489#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
 490#[repr(C)]
 491pub struct ContentMask<P: Clone + Default + Debug> {
 492    /// The bounds
 493    pub bounds: Bounds<P>,
 494}
 495
 496impl ContentMask<Pixels> {
 497    /// Scale the content mask's pixel units by the given scaling factor.
 498    pub fn scale(&self, factor: f32) -> ContentMask<ScaledPixels> {
 499        ContentMask {
 500            bounds: self.bounds.scale(factor),
 501        }
 502    }
 503
 504    /// Intersect the content mask with the given content mask.
 505    pub fn intersect(&self, other: &Self) -> Self {
 506        let bounds = self.bounds.intersect(&other.bounds);
 507        ContentMask { bounds }
 508    }
 509}
 510
 511/// Provides access to application state in the context of a single window. Derefs
 512/// to an [`AppContext`], so you can also pass a [`WindowContext`] to any method that takes
 513/// an [`AppContext`] and call any [`AppContext`] methods.
 514pub struct WindowContext<'a> {
 515    pub(crate) app: &'a mut AppContext,
 516    pub(crate) window: &'a mut Window,
 517}
 518
 519impl<'a> WindowContext<'a> {
 520    pub(crate) fn new(app: &'a mut AppContext, window: &'a mut Window) -> Self {
 521        Self { app, window }
 522    }
 523
 524    /// Obtain a handle to the window that belongs to this context.
 525    pub fn window_handle(&self) -> AnyWindowHandle {
 526        self.window.handle
 527    }
 528
 529    /// Mark the window as dirty, scheduling it to be redrawn on the next frame.
 530    pub fn refresh(&mut self) {
 531        if !self.window.drawing {
 532            self.window.refreshing = true;
 533            self.window.dirty.set(true);
 534        }
 535    }
 536
 537    /// Close this window.
 538    pub fn remove_window(&mut self) {
 539        self.window.removed = true;
 540    }
 541
 542    /// Obtain a new [`FocusHandle`], which allows you to track and manipulate the keyboard focus
 543    /// for elements rendered within this window.
 544    pub fn focus_handle(&mut self) -> FocusHandle {
 545        FocusHandle::new(&self.window.focus_handles)
 546    }
 547
 548    /// Obtain the currently focused [`FocusHandle`]. If no elements are focused, returns `None`.
 549    pub fn focused(&self) -> Option<FocusHandle> {
 550        self.window
 551            .focus
 552            .and_then(|id| FocusHandle::for_id(id, &self.window.focus_handles))
 553    }
 554
 555    /// Move focus to the element associated with the given [`FocusHandle`].
 556    pub fn focus(&mut self, handle: &FocusHandle) {
 557        if !self.window.focus_enabled || self.window.focus == Some(handle.id) {
 558            return;
 559        }
 560
 561        self.window.focus = Some(handle.id);
 562        self.window
 563            .rendered_frame
 564            .dispatch_tree
 565            .clear_pending_keystrokes();
 566        self.refresh();
 567    }
 568
 569    /// Remove focus from all elements within this context's window.
 570    pub fn blur(&mut self) {
 571        if !self.window.focus_enabled {
 572            return;
 573        }
 574
 575        self.window.focus = None;
 576        self.refresh();
 577    }
 578
 579    /// Blur the window and don't allow anything in it to be focused again.
 580    pub fn disable_focus(&mut self) {
 581        self.blur();
 582        self.window.focus_enabled = false;
 583    }
 584
 585    /// Accessor for the text system.
 586    pub fn text_system(&self) -> &Arc<WindowTextSystem> {
 587        &self.window.text_system
 588    }
 589
 590    /// Dispatch the given action on the currently focused element.
 591    pub fn dispatch_action(&mut self, action: Box<dyn Action>) {
 592        let focus_handle = self.focused();
 593
 594        self.defer(move |cx| {
 595            let node_id = focus_handle
 596                .and_then(|handle| {
 597                    cx.window
 598                        .rendered_frame
 599                        .dispatch_tree
 600                        .focusable_node_id(handle.id)
 601                })
 602                .unwrap_or_else(|| cx.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.root_node_id());
 603
 604            cx.propagate_event = true;
 605            cx.dispatch_action_on_node(node_id, action);
 606        })
 607    }
 608
 609    pub(crate) fn dispatch_keystroke_observers(
 610        &mut self,
 611        event: &dyn Any,
 612        action: Option<Box<dyn Action>>,
 613    ) {
 614        let Some(key_down_event) = event.downcast_ref::<KeyDownEvent>() else {
 615            return;
 616        };
 617
 618        self.keystroke_observers
 619            .clone()
 620            .retain(&(), move |callback| {
 621                (callback)(
 622                    &KeystrokeEvent {
 623                        keystroke: key_down_event.keystroke.clone(),
 624                        action: action.as_ref().map(|action| action.boxed_clone()),
 625                    },
 626                    self,
 627                );
 628                true
 629            });
 630    }
 631
 632    pub(crate) fn clear_pending_keystrokes(&mut self) {
 633        self.window
 634            .rendered_frame
 635            .dispatch_tree
 636            .clear_pending_keystrokes();
 637        self.window
 638            .next_frame
 639            .dispatch_tree
 640            .clear_pending_keystrokes();
 641    }
 642
 643    /// Schedules the given function to be run at the end of the current effect cycle, allowing entities
 644    /// that are currently on the stack to be returned to the app.
 645    pub fn defer(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut WindowContext) + 'static) {
 646        let handle = self.window.handle;
 647        self.app.defer(move |cx| {
 648            handle.update(cx, |_, cx| f(cx)).ok();
 649        });
 650    }
 651
 652    /// Subscribe to events emitted by a model or view.
 653    /// The entity to which you're subscribing must implement the [`EventEmitter`] trait.
 654    /// The callback will be invoked a handle to the emitting entity (either a [`View`] or [`Model`]), the event, and a window context for the current window.
 655    pub fn subscribe<Emitter, E, Evt>(
 656        &mut self,
 657        entity: &E,
 658        mut on_event: impl FnMut(E, &Evt, &mut WindowContext<'_>) + 'static,
 659    ) -> Subscription
 660    where
 661        Emitter: EventEmitter<Evt>,
 662        E: Entity<Emitter>,
 663        Evt: 'static,
 664    {
 665        let entity_id = entity.entity_id();
 666        let entity = entity.downgrade();
 667        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
 668        self.app.new_subscription(
 669            entity_id,
 670            (
 671                TypeId::of::<Evt>(),
 672                Box::new(move |event, cx| {
 673                    window_handle
 674                        .update(cx, |_, cx| {
 675                            if let Some(handle) = E::upgrade_from(&entity) {
 676                                let event = event.downcast_ref().expect("invalid event type");
 677                                on_event(handle, event, cx);
 678                                true
 679                            } else {
 680                                false
 681                            }
 682                        })
 683                        .unwrap_or(false)
 684                }),
 685            ),
 686        )
 687    }
 688
 689    /// Creates an [`AsyncWindowContext`], which has a static lifetime and can be held across
 690    /// await points in async code.
 691    pub fn to_async(&self) -> AsyncWindowContext {
 692        AsyncWindowContext::new(self.app.to_async(), self.window.handle)
 693    }
 694
 695    /// Schedule the given closure to be run directly after the current frame is rendered.
 696    pub fn on_next_frame(&mut self, callback: impl FnOnce(&mut WindowContext) + 'static) {
 697        RefCell::borrow_mut(&self.window.next_frame_callbacks).push(Box::new(callback));
 698    }
 699
 700    /// Spawn the future returned by the given closure on the application thread pool.
 701    /// The closure is provided a handle to the current window and an `AsyncWindowContext` for
 702    /// use within your future.
 703    pub fn spawn<Fut, R>(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(AsyncWindowContext) -> Fut) -> Task<R>
 704    where
 705        R: 'static,
 706        Fut: Future<Output = R> + 'static,
 707    {
 708        self.app
 709            .spawn(|app| f(AsyncWindowContext::new(app, self.window.handle)))
 710    }
 711
 712    /// Updates the global of the given type. The given closure is given simultaneous mutable
 713    /// access both to the global and the context.
 714    pub fn update_global<G, R>(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut G, &mut Self) -> R) -> R
 715    where
 716        G: Global,
 717    {
 718        let mut global = self.app.lease_global::<G>();
 719        let result = f(&mut global, self);
 720        self.app.end_global_lease(global);
 721        result
 722    }
 723
 724    fn window_bounds_changed(&mut self) {
 725        self.window.scale_factor = self.window.platform_window.scale_factor();
 726        self.window.viewport_size = self.window.platform_window.content_size();
 727        self.window.bounds = self.window.platform_window.bounds();
 728        self.window.display_id = self.window.platform_window.display().id();
 729        self.refresh();
 730
 731        self.window
 732            .bounds_observers
 733            .clone()
 734            .retain(&(), |callback| callback(self));
 735    }
 736
 737    /// Returns the bounds of the current window in the global coordinate space, which could span across multiple displays.
 738    pub fn window_bounds(&self) -> WindowBounds {
 739        self.window.bounds
 740    }
 741
 742    fn appearance_changed(&mut self) {
 743        self.window.appearance = self.window.platform_window.appearance();
 744
 745        self.window
 746            .appearance_observers
 747            .clone()
 748            .retain(&(), |callback| callback(self));
 749    }
 750
 751    /// Returns the appearance of the current window.
 752    pub fn appearance(&self) -> WindowAppearance {
 753        self.window.appearance
 754    }
 755
 756    /// Returns the size of the drawable area within the window.
 757    pub fn viewport_size(&self) -> Size<Pixels> {
 758        self.window.viewport_size
 759    }
 760
 761    /// Returns whether this window is focused by the operating system (receiving key events).
 762    pub fn is_window_active(&self) -> bool {
 763        self.window.active.get()
 764    }
 765
 766    /// Toggle zoom on the window.
 767    pub fn zoom_window(&self) {
 768        self.window.platform_window.zoom();
 769    }
 770
 771    /// Updates the window's title at the platform level.
 772    pub fn set_window_title(&mut self, title: &str) {
 773        self.window.platform_window.set_title(title);
 774    }
 775
 776    /// Mark the window as dirty at the platform level.
 777    pub fn set_window_edited(&mut self, edited: bool) {
 778        self.window.platform_window.set_edited(edited);
 779    }
 780
 781    /// Determine the display on which the window is visible.
 782    pub fn display(&self) -> Option<Rc<dyn PlatformDisplay>> {
 783        self.platform
 784            .displays()
 785            .into_iter()
 786            .find(|display| display.id() == self.window.display_id)
 787    }
 788
 789    /// Show the platform character palette.
 790    pub fn show_character_palette(&self) {
 791        self.window.platform_window.show_character_palette();
 792    }
 793
 794    /// The scale factor of the display associated with the window. For example, it could
 795    /// return 2.0 for a "retina" display, indicating that each logical pixel should actually
 796    /// be rendered as two pixels on screen.
 797    pub fn scale_factor(&self) -> f32 {
 798        self.window.scale_factor
 799    }
 800
 801    /// The size of an em for the base font of the application. Adjusting this value allows the
 802    /// UI to scale, just like zooming a web page.
 803    pub fn rem_size(&self) -> Pixels {
 804        self.window.rem_size
 805    }
 806
 807    /// Sets the size of an em for the base font of the application. Adjusting this value allows the
 808    /// UI to scale, just like zooming a web page.
 809    pub fn set_rem_size(&mut self, rem_size: impl Into<Pixels>) {
 810        self.window.rem_size = rem_size.into();
 811    }
 812
 813    /// The line height associated with the current text style.
 814    pub fn line_height(&self) -> Pixels {
 815        let rem_size = self.rem_size();
 816        let text_style = self.text_style();
 817        text_style
 818            .line_height
 819            .to_pixels(text_style.font_size, rem_size)
 820    }
 821
 822    /// Call to prevent the default action of an event. Currently only used to prevent
 823    /// parent elements from becoming focused on mouse down.
 824    pub fn prevent_default(&mut self) {
 825        self.window.default_prevented = true;
 826    }
 827
 828    /// Obtain whether default has been prevented for the event currently being dispatched.
 829    pub fn default_prevented(&self) -> bool {
 830        self.window.default_prevented
 831    }
 832
 833    /// Determine whether the given action is available along the dispatch path to the currently focused element.
 834    pub fn is_action_available(&self, action: &dyn Action) -> bool {
 835        let target = self
 836            .focused()
 837            .and_then(|focused_handle| {
 838                self.window
 839                    .rendered_frame
 840                    .dispatch_tree
 841                    .focusable_node_id(focused_handle.id)
 842            })
 843            .unwrap_or_else(|| self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.root_node_id());
 844        self.window
 845            .rendered_frame
 846            .dispatch_tree
 847            .is_action_available(action, target)
 848    }
 849
 850    /// The position of the mouse relative to the window.
 851    pub fn mouse_position(&self) -> Point<Pixels> {
 852        self.window.mouse_position
 853    }
 854
 855    /// The current state of the keyboard's modifiers
 856    pub fn modifiers(&self) -> Modifiers {
 857        self.window.modifiers
 858    }
 859
 860    /// Returns true if there is no opaque layer containing the given point
 861    /// on top of the given level. Layers who are extensions of the queried layer
 862    /// are not considered to be on top of queried layer.
 863    pub fn was_top_layer(&self, point: &Point<Pixels>, layer: &StackingOrder) -> bool {
 864        // Precondition: the depth map is ordered from topmost to bottomost.
 865
 866        for (opaque_layer, _, bounds) in self.window.rendered_frame.depth_map.iter() {
 867            if layer >= opaque_layer {
 868                // The queried layer is either above or is the same as the this opaque layer.
 869                // Anything after this point is guaranteed to be below the queried layer.
 870                return true;
 871            }
 872
 873            if !bounds.contains(point) {
 874                // This opaque layer is above the queried layer but it doesn't contain
 875                // the given position, so we can ignore it even if it's above.
 876                continue;
 877            }
 878
 879            // At this point, we've established that this opaque layer is on top of the queried layer
 880            // and contains the position:
 881            // If neither the opaque layer or the queried layer is an extension of the other then
 882            // we know they are on different stacking orders, and return false.
 883            let is_on_same_layer = opaque_layer
 884                .iter()
 885                .zip(layer.iter())
 886                .all(|(a, b)| a.z_index == b.z_index);
 887
 888            if !is_on_same_layer {
 889                return false;
 890            }
 891        }
 892
 893        true
 894    }
 895
 896    pub(crate) fn was_top_layer_under_active_drag(
 897        &self,
 898        point: &Point<Pixels>,
 899        layer: &StackingOrder,
 900    ) -> bool {
 901        // Precondition: the depth map is ordered from topmost to bottomost.
 902
 903        for (opaque_layer, _, bounds) in self.window.rendered_frame.depth_map.iter() {
 904            if layer >= opaque_layer {
 905                // The queried layer is either above or is the same as the this opaque layer.
 906                // Anything after this point is guaranteed to be below the queried layer.
 907                return true;
 908            }
 909
 910            if !bounds.contains(point) {
 911                // This opaque layer is above the queried layer but it doesn't contain
 912                // the given position, so we can ignore it even if it's above.
 913                continue;
 914            }
 915
 916            // All normal content is rendered with a base z-index of 0, we know that if the root of this opaque layer
 917            // equals `ACTIVE_DRAG_Z_INDEX` then it must be the drag layer and we can ignore it as we are
 918            // looking to see if the queried layer was the topmost underneath the drag layer.
 919            if opaque_layer
 920                .first()
 921                .map(|c| c.z_index == ACTIVE_DRAG_Z_INDEX)
 922                .unwrap_or(false)
 923            {
 924                continue;
 925            }
 926
 927            // At this point, we've established that this opaque layer is on top of the queried layer
 928            // and contains the position:
 929            // If neither the opaque layer or the queried layer is an extension of the other then
 930            // we know they are on different stacking orders, and return false.
 931            let is_on_same_layer = opaque_layer
 932                .iter()
 933                .zip(layer.iter())
 934                .all(|(a, b)| a.z_index == b.z_index);
 935
 936            if !is_on_same_layer {
 937                return false;
 938            }
 939        }
 940
 941        true
 942    }
 943
 944    /// Called during painting to get the current stacking order.
 945    pub fn stacking_order(&self) -> &StackingOrder {
 946        &self.window.next_frame.z_index_stack
 947    }
 948
 949    /// Produces a new frame and assigns it to `rendered_frame`. To actually show
 950    /// the contents of the new [Scene], use [present].
 951    pub fn draw(&mut self) {
 952        self.window.dirty.set(false);
 953        self.window.drawing = true;
 954
 955        if let Some(requested_handler) = self.window.rendered_frame.requested_input_handler.as_mut()
 956        {
 957            let input_handler = self.window.platform_window.take_input_handler();
 958            requested_handler.handler = input_handler;
 959        }
 960
 961        let root_view = self.window.root_view.take().unwrap();
 962        self.with_element_context(|cx| {
 963            cx.with_z_index(0, |cx| {
 964                cx.with_key_dispatch(Some(KeyContext::default()), None, |_, cx| {
 965                    // We need to use cx.cx here so we can utilize borrow splitting
 966                    for (action_type, action_listeners) in &cx.cx.app.global_action_listeners {
 967                        for action_listener in action_listeners.iter().cloned() {
 968                            cx.cx.window.next_frame.dispatch_tree.on_action(
 969                                *action_type,
 970                                Rc::new(
 971                                    move |action: &dyn Any, phase, cx: &mut WindowContext<'_>| {
 972                                        action_listener(action, phase, cx)
 973                                    },
 974                                ),
 975                            )
 976                        }
 977                    }
 978
 979                    let available_space = cx.window.viewport_size.map(Into::into);
 980                    root_view.draw(Point::default(), available_space, cx);
 981                })
 982            })
 983        });
 984
 985        if let Some(active_drag) = self.app.active_drag.take() {
 986            self.with_element_context(|cx| {
 987                cx.with_z_index(ACTIVE_DRAG_Z_INDEX, |cx| {
 988                    let offset = cx.mouse_position() - active_drag.cursor_offset;
 989                    let available_space =
 990                        size(AvailableSpace::MinContent, AvailableSpace::MinContent);
 991                    active_drag.view.draw(offset, available_space, cx);
 992                })
 993            });
 994            self.active_drag = Some(active_drag);
 995        } else if let Some(tooltip_request) = self.window.next_frame.tooltip_request.take() {
 996            self.with_element_context(|cx| {
 997                cx.with_z_index(1, |cx| {
 998                    let available_space =
 999                        size(AvailableSpace::MinContent, AvailableSpace::MinContent);
1000                    tooltip_request.tooltip.view.draw(
1001                        tooltip_request.tooltip.cursor_offset,
1002                        available_space,
1003                        cx,
1004                    );
1005                })
1006            });
1007            self.window.next_frame.tooltip_request = Some(tooltip_request);
1008        }
1009        self.window.dirty_views.clear();
1010
1011        self.window
1012            .next_frame
1013            .dispatch_tree
1014            .preserve_pending_keystrokes(
1015                &mut self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree,
1016                self.window.focus,
1017            );
1018        self.window.next_frame.focus = self.window.focus;
1019        self.window.next_frame.window_active = self.window.active.get();
1020        self.window.root_view = Some(root_view);
1021
1022        // Set the cursor only if we're the active window.
1023        let cursor_style_request = self.window.next_frame.requested_cursor_style.take();
1024        if self.is_window_active() {
1025            let cursor_style =
1026                cursor_style_request.map_or(CursorStyle::Arrow, |request| request.style);
1027            self.platform.set_cursor_style(cursor_style);
1028        }
1029
1030        // Register requested input handler with the platform window.
1031        if let Some(requested_input) = self.window.next_frame.requested_input_handler.as_mut() {
1032            if let Some(handler) = requested_input.handler.take() {
1033                self.window.platform_window.set_input_handler(handler);
1034            }
1035        }
1036
1037        self.window.layout_engine.as_mut().unwrap().clear();
1038        self.text_system()
1039            .finish_frame(&self.window.next_frame.reused_views);
1040        self.window
1041            .next_frame
1042            .finish(&mut self.window.rendered_frame);
1043        ELEMENT_ARENA.with_borrow_mut(|element_arena| {
1044            let percentage = (element_arena.len() as f32 / element_arena.capacity() as f32) * 100.;
1045            if percentage >= 80. {
1046                log::warn!("elevated element arena occupation: {}.", percentage);
1047            }
1048            element_arena.clear();
1049        });
1050
1051        let previous_focus_path = self.window.rendered_frame.focus_path();
1052        let previous_window_active = self.window.rendered_frame.window_active;
1053        mem::swap(&mut self.window.rendered_frame, &mut self.window.next_frame);
1054        self.window.next_frame.clear();
1055        let current_focus_path = self.window.rendered_frame.focus_path();
1056        let current_window_active = self.window.rendered_frame.window_active;
1057
1058        if previous_focus_path != current_focus_path
1059            || previous_window_active != current_window_active
1060        {
1061            if !previous_focus_path.is_empty() && current_focus_path.is_empty() {
1062                self.window
1063                    .focus_lost_listeners
1064                    .clone()
1065                    .retain(&(), |listener| listener(self));
1066            }
1067
1068            let event = FocusEvent {
1069                previous_focus_path: if previous_window_active {
1070                    previous_focus_path
1071                } else {
1072                    Default::default()
1073                },
1074                current_focus_path: if current_window_active {
1075                    current_focus_path
1076                } else {
1077                    Default::default()
1078                },
1079            };
1080            self.window
1081                .focus_listeners
1082                .clone()
1083                .retain(&(), |listener| listener(&event, self));
1084        }
1085        self.window.refreshing = false;
1086        self.window.drawing = false;
1087        self.window.needs_present.set(true);
1088    }
1089
1090    fn present(&self) {
1091        self.window
1092            .platform_window
1093            .draw(&self.window.rendered_frame.scene);
1094        self.window.needs_present.set(false);
1095    }
1096
1097    /// Dispatch a given keystroke as though the user had typed it.
1098    /// You can create a keystroke with Keystroke::parse("").
1099    pub fn dispatch_keystroke(&mut self, keystroke: Keystroke) -> bool {
1100        let keystroke = keystroke.with_simulated_ime();
1101        if self.dispatch_event(PlatformInput::KeyDown(KeyDownEvent {
1102            keystroke: keystroke.clone(),
1103            is_held: false,
1104        })) {
1105            return true;
1106        }
1107
1108        if let Some(input) = keystroke.ime_key {
1109            if let Some(mut input_handler) = self.window.platform_window.take_input_handler() {
1110                input_handler.dispatch_input(&input, self);
1111                self.window.platform_window.set_input_handler(input_handler);
1112                return true;
1113            }
1114        }
1115
1116        false
1117    }
1118
1119    /// Dispatch a mouse or keyboard event on the window.
1120    pub fn dispatch_event(&mut self, event: PlatformInput) -> bool {
1121        self.window.last_input_timestamp.set(Instant::now());
1122        // Handlers may set this to false by calling `stop_propagation`.
1123        self.app.propagate_event = true;
1124        // Handlers may set this to true by calling `prevent_default`.
1125        self.window.default_prevented = false;
1126
1127        let event = match event {
1128            // Track the mouse position with our own state, since accessing the platform
1129            // API for the mouse position can only occur on the main thread.
1130            PlatformInput::MouseMove(mouse_move) => {
1131                self.window.mouse_position = mouse_move.position;
1132                self.window.modifiers = mouse_move.modifiers;
1133                PlatformInput::MouseMove(mouse_move)
1134            }
1135            PlatformInput::MouseDown(mouse_down) => {
1136                self.window.mouse_position = mouse_down.position;
1137                self.window.modifiers = mouse_down.modifiers;
1138                PlatformInput::MouseDown(mouse_down)
1139            }
1140            PlatformInput::MouseUp(mouse_up) => {
1141                self.window.mouse_position = mouse_up.position;
1142                self.window.modifiers = mouse_up.modifiers;
1143                PlatformInput::MouseUp(mouse_up)
1144            }
1145            PlatformInput::MouseExited(mouse_exited) => {
1146                self.window.modifiers = mouse_exited.modifiers;
1147                PlatformInput::MouseExited(mouse_exited)
1148            }
1149            PlatformInput::ModifiersChanged(modifiers_changed) => {
1150                self.window.modifiers = modifiers_changed.modifiers;
1151                PlatformInput::ModifiersChanged(modifiers_changed)
1152            }
1153            PlatformInput::ScrollWheel(scroll_wheel) => {
1154                self.window.mouse_position = scroll_wheel.position;
1155                self.window.modifiers = scroll_wheel.modifiers;
1156                PlatformInput::ScrollWheel(scroll_wheel)
1157            }
1158            // Translate dragging and dropping of external files from the operating system
1159            // to internal drag and drop events.
1160            PlatformInput::FileDrop(file_drop) => match file_drop {
1161                FileDropEvent::Entered { position, paths } => {
1162                    self.window.mouse_position = position;
1163                    if self.active_drag.is_none() {
1164                        self.active_drag = Some(AnyDrag {
1165                            value: Box::new(paths.clone()),
1166                            view: self.new_view(|_| paths).into(),
1167                            cursor_offset: position,
1168                        });
1169                    }
1170                    PlatformInput::MouseMove(MouseMoveEvent {
1171                        position,
1172                        pressed_button: Some(MouseButton::Left),
1173                        modifiers: Modifiers::default(),
1174                    })
1175                }
1176                FileDropEvent::Pending { position } => {
1177                    self.window.mouse_position = position;
1178                    PlatformInput::MouseMove(MouseMoveEvent {
1179                        position,
1180                        pressed_button: Some(MouseButton::Left),
1181                        modifiers: Modifiers::default(),
1182                    })
1183                }
1184                FileDropEvent::Submit { position } => {
1185                    self.activate(true);
1186                    self.window.mouse_position = position;
1187                    PlatformInput::MouseUp(MouseUpEvent {
1188                        button: MouseButton::Left,
1189                        position,
1190                        modifiers: Modifiers::default(),
1191                        click_count: 1,
1192                    })
1193                }
1194                FileDropEvent::Exited => PlatformInput::MouseUp(MouseUpEvent {
1195                    button: MouseButton::Left,
1196                    position: Point::default(),
1197                    modifiers: Modifiers::default(),
1198                    click_count: 1,
1199                }),
1200            },
1201            PlatformInput::KeyDown(_) | PlatformInput::KeyUp(_) => event,
1202        };
1203
1204        if let Some(any_mouse_event) = event.mouse_event() {
1205            self.dispatch_mouse_event(any_mouse_event);
1206        } else if let Some(any_key_event) = event.keyboard_event() {
1207            self.dispatch_key_event(any_key_event);
1208        }
1209
1210        !self.app.propagate_event
1211    }
1212
1213    fn dispatch_mouse_event(&mut self, event: &dyn Any) {
1214        if let Some(mut handlers) = self
1215            .window
1216            .rendered_frame
1217            .mouse_listeners
1218            .remove(&event.type_id())
1219        {
1220            // Because handlers may add other handlers, we sort every time.
1221            handlers.sort_by(|(a, _, _), (b, _, _)| a.cmp(b));
1222
1223            // Capture phase, events bubble from back to front. Handlers for this phase are used for
1224            // special purposes, such as detecting events outside of a given Bounds.
1225            for (_, _, handler) in &mut handlers {
1226                self.with_element_context(|cx| {
1227                    handler(event, DispatchPhase::Capture, cx);
1228                });
1229                if !self.app.propagate_event {
1230                    break;
1231                }
1232            }
1233
1234            // Bubble phase, where most normal handlers do their work.
1235            if self.app.propagate_event {
1236                for (_, _, handler) in handlers.iter_mut().rev() {
1237                    self.with_element_context(|cx| {
1238                        handler(event, DispatchPhase::Bubble, cx);
1239                    });
1240                    if !self.app.propagate_event {
1241                        break;
1242                    }
1243                }
1244            }
1245
1246            self.window
1247                .rendered_frame
1248                .mouse_listeners
1249                .insert(event.type_id(), handlers);
1250        }
1251
1252        if self.app.propagate_event && self.has_active_drag() {
1253            if event.is::<MouseMoveEvent>() {
1254                // If this was a mouse move event, redraw the window so that the
1255                // active drag can follow the mouse cursor.
1256                self.refresh();
1257            } else if event.is::<MouseUpEvent>() {
1258                // If this was a mouse up event, cancel the active drag and redraw
1259                // the window.
1260                self.active_drag = None;
1261                self.refresh();
1262            }
1263        }
1264    }
1265
1266    fn dispatch_key_event(&mut self, event: &dyn Any) {
1267        if self.window.dirty.get() {
1268            self.draw();
1269        }
1270
1271        let node_id = self
1272            .window
1273            .focus
1274            .and_then(|focus_id| {
1275                self.window
1276                    .rendered_frame
1277                    .dispatch_tree
1278                    .focusable_node_id(focus_id)
1279            })
1280            .unwrap_or_else(|| self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.root_node_id());
1281
1282        let dispatch_path = self
1283            .window
1284            .rendered_frame
1285            .dispatch_tree
1286            .dispatch_path(node_id);
1287
1288        if let Some(key_down_event) = event.downcast_ref::<KeyDownEvent>() {
1289            let KeymatchResult { bindings, pending } = self
1290                .window
1291                .rendered_frame
1292                .dispatch_tree
1293                .dispatch_key(&key_down_event.keystroke, &dispatch_path);
1294
1295            if pending {
1296                let mut currently_pending = self.window.pending_input.take().unwrap_or_default();
1297                if currently_pending.focus.is_some() && currently_pending.focus != self.window.focus
1298                {
1299                    currently_pending = PendingInput::default();
1300                }
1301                currently_pending.focus = self.window.focus;
1302                currently_pending
1303                    .keystrokes
1304                    .push(key_down_event.keystroke.clone());
1305                for binding in bindings {
1306                    currently_pending.bindings.push(binding);
1307                }
1308
1309                currently_pending.timer = Some(self.spawn(|mut cx| async move {
1310                    cx.background_executor.timer(Duration::from_secs(1)).await;
1311                    cx.update(move |cx| {
1312                        cx.clear_pending_keystrokes();
1313                        let Some(currently_pending) = cx.window.pending_input.take() else {
1314                            return;
1315                        };
1316                        cx.replay_pending_input(currently_pending)
1317                    })
1318                    .log_err();
1319                }));
1320                self.window.pending_input = Some(currently_pending);
1321
1322                self.propagate_event = false;
1323                return;
1324            } else if let Some(currently_pending) = self.window.pending_input.take() {
1325                if bindings
1326                    .iter()
1327                    .all(|binding| !currently_pending.used_by_binding(binding))
1328                {
1329                    self.replay_pending_input(currently_pending)
1330                }
1331            }
1332
1333            if !bindings.is_empty() {
1334                self.clear_pending_keystrokes();
1335            }
1336
1337            self.propagate_event = true;
1338            for binding in bindings {
1339                self.dispatch_action_on_node(node_id, binding.action.boxed_clone());
1340                if !self.propagate_event {
1341                    self.dispatch_keystroke_observers(event, Some(binding.action));
1342                    return;
1343                }
1344            }
1345        }
1346
1347        self.dispatch_key_down_up_event(event, &dispatch_path);
1348        if !self.propagate_event {
1349            return;
1350        }
1351
1352        self.dispatch_keystroke_observers(event, None);
1353    }
1354
1355    fn dispatch_key_down_up_event(
1356        &mut self,
1357        event: &dyn Any,
1358        dispatch_path: &SmallVec<[DispatchNodeId; 32]>,
1359    ) {
1360        // Capture phase
1361        for node_id in dispatch_path {
1362            let node = self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.node(*node_id);
1363
1364            for key_listener in node.key_listeners.clone() {
1365                self.with_element_context(|cx| {
1366                    key_listener(event, DispatchPhase::Capture, cx);
1367                });
1368                if !self.propagate_event {
1369                    return;
1370                }
1371            }
1372        }
1373
1374        // Bubble phase
1375        for node_id in dispatch_path.iter().rev() {
1376            // Handle low level key events
1377            let node = self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.node(*node_id);
1378            for key_listener in node.key_listeners.clone() {
1379                self.with_element_context(|cx| {
1380                    key_listener(event, DispatchPhase::Bubble, cx);
1381                });
1382                if !self.propagate_event {
1383                    return;
1384                }
1385            }
1386        }
1387    }
1388
1389    /// Determine whether a potential multi-stroke key binding is in progress on this window.
1390    pub fn has_pending_keystrokes(&self) -> bool {
1391        self.window
1392            .rendered_frame
1393            .dispatch_tree
1394            .has_pending_keystrokes()
1395    }
1396
1397    fn replay_pending_input(&mut self, currently_pending: PendingInput) {
1398        let node_id = self
1399            .window
1400            .focus
1401            .and_then(|focus_id| {
1402                self.window
1403                    .rendered_frame
1404                    .dispatch_tree
1405                    .focusable_node_id(focus_id)
1406            })
1407            .unwrap_or_else(|| self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.root_node_id());
1408
1409        if self.window.focus != currently_pending.focus {
1410            return;
1411        }
1412
1413        let input = currently_pending.input();
1414
1415        self.propagate_event = true;
1416        for binding in currently_pending.bindings {
1417            self.dispatch_action_on_node(node_id, binding.action.boxed_clone());
1418            if !self.propagate_event {
1419                return;
1420            }
1421        }
1422
1423        let dispatch_path = self
1424            .window
1425            .rendered_frame
1426            .dispatch_tree
1427            .dispatch_path(node_id);
1428
1429        for keystroke in currently_pending.keystrokes {
1430            let event = KeyDownEvent {
1431                keystroke,
1432                is_held: false,
1433            };
1434
1435            self.dispatch_key_down_up_event(&event, &dispatch_path);
1436            if !self.propagate_event {
1437                return;
1438            }
1439        }
1440
1441        if !input.is_empty() {
1442            if let Some(mut input_handler) = self.window.platform_window.take_input_handler() {
1443                input_handler.dispatch_input(&input, self);
1444                self.window.platform_window.set_input_handler(input_handler)
1445            }
1446        }
1447    }
1448
1449    fn dispatch_action_on_node(&mut self, node_id: DispatchNodeId, action: Box<dyn Action>) {
1450        let dispatch_path = self
1451            .window
1452            .rendered_frame
1453            .dispatch_tree
1454            .dispatch_path(node_id);
1455
1456        // Capture phase
1457        for node_id in &dispatch_path {
1458            let node = self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.node(*node_id);
1459            for DispatchActionListener {
1460                action_type,
1461                listener,
1462            } in node.action_listeners.clone()
1463            {
1464                let any_action = action.as_any();
1465                if action_type == any_action.type_id() {
1466                    self.with_element_context(|cx| {
1467                        listener(any_action, DispatchPhase::Capture, cx);
1468                    });
1469
1470                    if !self.propagate_event {
1471                        return;
1472                    }
1473                }
1474            }
1475        }
1476        // Bubble phase
1477        for node_id in dispatch_path.iter().rev() {
1478            let node = self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.node(*node_id);
1479            for DispatchActionListener {
1480                action_type,
1481                listener,
1482            } in node.action_listeners.clone()
1483            {
1484                let any_action = action.as_any();
1485                if action_type == any_action.type_id() {
1486                    self.propagate_event = false; // Actions stop propagation by default during the bubble phase
1487
1488                    self.with_element_context(|cx| {
1489                        listener(any_action, DispatchPhase::Bubble, cx);
1490                    });
1491
1492                    if !self.propagate_event {
1493                        return;
1494                    }
1495                }
1496            }
1497        }
1498    }
1499
1500    /// Register the given handler to be invoked whenever the global of the given type
1501    /// is updated.
1502    pub fn observe_global<G: Global>(
1503        &mut self,
1504        f: impl Fn(&mut WindowContext<'_>) + 'static,
1505    ) -> Subscription {
1506        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
1507        let (subscription, activate) = self.global_observers.insert(
1508            TypeId::of::<G>(),
1509            Box::new(move |cx| window_handle.update(cx, |_, cx| f(cx)).is_ok()),
1510        );
1511        self.app.defer(move |_| activate());
1512        subscription
1513    }
1514
1515    /// Focus the current window and bring it to the foreground at the platform level.
1516    pub fn activate_window(&self) {
1517        self.window.platform_window.activate();
1518    }
1519
1520    /// Minimize the current window at the platform level.
1521    pub fn minimize_window(&self) {
1522        self.window.platform_window.minimize();
1523    }
1524
1525    /// Toggle full screen status on the current window at the platform level.
1526    pub fn toggle_full_screen(&self) {
1527        self.window.platform_window.toggle_full_screen();
1528    }
1529
1530    /// Present a platform dialog.
1531    /// The provided message will be presented, along with buttons for each answer.
1532    /// When a button is clicked, the returned Receiver will receive the index of the clicked button.
1533    pub fn prompt(
1534        &self,
1535        level: PromptLevel,
1536        message: &str,
1537        detail: Option<&str>,
1538        answers: &[&str],
1539    ) -> oneshot::Receiver<usize> {
1540        self.window
1541            .platform_window
1542            .prompt(level, message, detail, answers)
1543    }
1544
1545    /// Returns all available actions for the focused element.
1546    pub fn available_actions(&self) -> Vec<Box<dyn Action>> {
1547        let node_id = self
1548            .window
1549            .focus
1550            .and_then(|focus_id| {
1551                self.window
1552                    .rendered_frame
1553                    .dispatch_tree
1554                    .focusable_node_id(focus_id)
1555            })
1556            .unwrap_or_else(|| self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.root_node_id());
1557
1558        self.window
1559            .rendered_frame
1560            .dispatch_tree
1561            .available_actions(node_id)
1562    }
1563
1564    /// Returns key bindings that invoke the given action on the currently focused element.
1565    pub fn bindings_for_action(&self, action: &dyn Action) -> Vec<KeyBinding> {
1566        self.window
1567            .rendered_frame
1568            .dispatch_tree
1569            .bindings_for_action(
1570                action,
1571                &self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.context_stack,
1572            )
1573    }
1574
1575    /// Returns any bindings that would invoke the given action on the given focus handle if it were focused.
1576    pub fn bindings_for_action_in(
1577        &self,
1578        action: &dyn Action,
1579        focus_handle: &FocusHandle,
1580    ) -> Vec<KeyBinding> {
1581        let dispatch_tree = &self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree;
1582
1583        let Some(node_id) = dispatch_tree.focusable_node_id(focus_handle.id) else {
1584            return vec![];
1585        };
1586        let context_stack: Vec<_> = dispatch_tree
1587            .dispatch_path(node_id)
1588            .into_iter()
1589            .filter_map(|node_id| dispatch_tree.node(node_id).context.clone())
1590            .collect();
1591        dispatch_tree.bindings_for_action(action, &context_stack)
1592    }
1593
1594    /// Returns a generic event listener that invokes the given listener with the view and context associated with the given view handle.
1595    pub fn listener_for<V: Render, E>(
1596        &self,
1597        view: &View<V>,
1598        f: impl Fn(&mut V, &E, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
1599    ) -> impl Fn(&E, &mut WindowContext) + 'static {
1600        let view = view.downgrade();
1601        move |e: &E, cx: &mut WindowContext| {
1602            view.update(cx, |view, cx| f(view, e, cx)).ok();
1603        }
1604    }
1605
1606    /// Returns a generic handler that invokes the given handler with the view and context associated with the given view handle.
1607    pub fn handler_for<V: Render>(
1608        &self,
1609        view: &View<V>,
1610        f: impl Fn(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
1611    ) -> impl Fn(&mut WindowContext) {
1612        let view = view.downgrade();
1613        move |cx: &mut WindowContext| {
1614            view.update(cx, |view, cx| f(view, cx)).ok();
1615        }
1616    }
1617
1618    /// Register a callback that can interrupt the closing of the current window based the returned boolean.
1619    /// If the callback returns false, the window won't be closed.
1620    pub fn on_window_should_close(&mut self, f: impl Fn(&mut WindowContext) -> bool + 'static) {
1621        let mut this = self.to_async();
1622        self.window
1623            .platform_window
1624            .on_should_close(Box::new(move || this.update(|cx| f(cx)).unwrap_or(true)))
1625    }
1626
1627    pub(crate) fn parent_view_id(&self) -> EntityId {
1628        *self
1629            .window
1630            .next_frame
1631            .view_stack
1632            .last()
1633            .expect("a view should always be on the stack while drawing")
1634    }
1635
1636    /// Register an action listener on the window for the next frame. The type of action
1637    /// is determined by the first parameter of the given listener. When the next frame is rendered
1638    /// the listener will be cleared.
1639    ///
1640    /// This is a fairly low-level method, so prefer using action handlers on elements unless you have
1641    /// a specific need to register a global listener.
1642    pub fn on_action(
1643        &mut self,
1644        action_type: TypeId,
1645        listener: impl Fn(&dyn Any, DispatchPhase, &mut WindowContext) + 'static,
1646    ) {
1647        self.window
1648            .next_frame
1649            .dispatch_tree
1650            .on_action(action_type, Rc::new(listener));
1651    }
1652}
1653
1654impl Context for WindowContext<'_> {
1655    type Result<T> = T;
1656
1657    fn new_model<T>(&mut self, build_model: impl FnOnce(&mut ModelContext<'_, T>) -> T) -> Model<T>
1658    where
1659        T: 'static,
1660    {
1661        let slot = self.app.entities.reserve();
1662        let model = build_model(&mut ModelContext::new(&mut *self.app, slot.downgrade()));
1663        self.entities.insert(slot, model)
1664    }
1665
1666    fn update_model<T: 'static, R>(
1667        &mut self,
1668        model: &Model<T>,
1669        update: impl FnOnce(&mut T, &mut ModelContext<'_, T>) -> R,
1670    ) -> R {
1671        let mut entity = self.entities.lease(model);
1672        let result = update(
1673            &mut *entity,
1674            &mut ModelContext::new(&mut *self.app, model.downgrade()),
1675        );
1676        self.entities.end_lease(entity);
1677        result
1678    }
1679
1680    fn update_window<T, F>(&mut self, window: AnyWindowHandle, update: F) -> Result<T>
1681    where
1682        F: FnOnce(AnyView, &mut WindowContext<'_>) -> T,
1683    {
1684        if window == self.window.handle {
1685            let root_view = self.window.root_view.clone().unwrap();
1686            Ok(update(root_view, self))
1687        } else {
1688            window.update(self.app, update)
1689        }
1690    }
1691
1692    fn read_model<T, R>(
1693        &self,
1694        handle: &Model<T>,
1695        read: impl FnOnce(&T, &AppContext) -> R,
1696    ) -> Self::Result<R>
1697    where
1698        T: 'static,
1699    {
1700        let entity = self.entities.read(handle);
1701        read(entity, &*self.app)
1702    }
1703
1704    fn read_window<T, R>(
1705        &self,
1706        window: &WindowHandle<T>,
1707        read: impl FnOnce(View<T>, &AppContext) -> R,
1708    ) -> Result<R>
1709    where
1710        T: 'static,
1711    {
1712        if window.any_handle == self.window.handle {
1713            let root_view = self
1714                .window
1715                .root_view
1716                .clone()
1717                .unwrap()
1718                .downcast::<T>()
1719                .map_err(|_| anyhow!("the type of the window's root view has changed"))?;
1720            Ok(read(root_view, self))
1721        } else {
1722            self.app.read_window(window, read)
1723        }
1724    }
1725}
1726
1727impl VisualContext for WindowContext<'_> {
1728    fn new_view<V>(
1729        &mut self,
1730        build_view_state: impl FnOnce(&mut ViewContext<'_, V>) -> V,
1731    ) -> Self::Result<View<V>>
1732    where
1733        V: 'static + Render,
1734    {
1735        let slot = self.app.entities.reserve();
1736        let view = View {
1737            model: slot.clone(),
1738        };
1739        let mut cx = ViewContext::new(&mut *self.app, &mut *self.window, &view);
1740        let entity = build_view_state(&mut cx);
1741        cx.entities.insert(slot, entity);
1742
1743        // Non-generic part to avoid leaking SubscriberSet to invokers of `new_view`.
1744        fn notify_observers(cx: &mut WindowContext, tid: TypeId, view: AnyView) {
1745            cx.new_view_observers.clone().retain(&tid, |observer| {
1746                let any_view = view.clone();
1747                (observer)(any_view, cx);
1748                true
1749            });
1750        }
1751        notify_observers(self, TypeId::of::<V>(), AnyView::from(view.clone()));
1752
1753        view
1754    }
1755
1756    /// Updates the given view. Prefer calling [`View::update`] instead, which calls this method.
1757    fn update_view<T: 'static, R>(
1758        &mut self,
1759        view: &View<T>,
1760        update: impl FnOnce(&mut T, &mut ViewContext<'_, T>) -> R,
1761    ) -> Self::Result<R> {
1762        let mut lease = self.app.entities.lease(&view.model);
1763        let mut cx = ViewContext::new(&mut *self.app, &mut *self.window, view);
1764        let result = update(&mut *lease, &mut cx);
1765        cx.app.entities.end_lease(lease);
1766        result
1767    }
1768
1769    fn replace_root_view<V>(
1770        &mut self,
1771        build_view: impl FnOnce(&mut ViewContext<'_, V>) -> V,
1772    ) -> Self::Result<View<V>>
1773    where
1774        V: 'static + Render,
1775    {
1776        let view = self.new_view(build_view);
1777        self.window.root_view = Some(view.clone().into());
1778        self.refresh();
1779        view
1780    }
1781
1782    fn focus_view<V: crate::FocusableView>(&mut self, view: &View<V>) -> Self::Result<()> {
1783        self.update_view(view, |view, cx| {
1784            view.focus_handle(cx).clone().focus(cx);
1785        })
1786    }
1787
1788    fn dismiss_view<V>(&mut self, view: &View<V>) -> Self::Result<()>
1789    where
1790        V: ManagedView,
1791    {
1792        self.update_view(view, |_, cx| cx.emit(DismissEvent))
1793    }
1794}
1795
1796impl<'a> std::ops::Deref for WindowContext<'a> {
1797    type Target = AppContext;
1798
1799    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
1800        self.app
1801    }
1802}
1803
1804impl<'a> std::ops::DerefMut for WindowContext<'a> {
1805    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
1806        self.app
1807    }
1808}
1809
1810impl<'a> Borrow<AppContext> for WindowContext<'a> {
1811    fn borrow(&self) -> &AppContext {
1812        self.app
1813    }
1814}
1815
1816impl<'a> BorrowMut<AppContext> for WindowContext<'a> {
1817    fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut AppContext {
1818        self.app
1819    }
1820}
1821
1822/// This trait contains functionality that is shared across [`ViewContext`] and [`WindowContext`]
1823pub trait BorrowWindow: BorrowMut<Window> + BorrowMut<AppContext> {
1824    #[doc(hidden)]
1825    fn app_mut(&mut self) -> &mut AppContext {
1826        self.borrow_mut()
1827    }
1828
1829    #[doc(hidden)]
1830    fn app(&self) -> &AppContext {
1831        self.borrow()
1832    }
1833
1834    #[doc(hidden)]
1835    fn window(&self) -> &Window {
1836        self.borrow()
1837    }
1838
1839    #[doc(hidden)]
1840    fn window_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Window {
1841        self.borrow_mut()
1842    }
1843}
1844
1845impl Borrow<Window> for WindowContext<'_> {
1846    fn borrow(&self) -> &Window {
1847        self.window
1848    }
1849}
1850
1851impl BorrowMut<Window> for WindowContext<'_> {
1852    fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Window {
1853        self.window
1854    }
1855}
1856
1857impl<T> BorrowWindow for T where T: BorrowMut<AppContext> + BorrowMut<Window> {}
1858
1859/// Provides access to application state that is specialized for a particular [`View`].
1860/// Allows you to interact with focus, emit events, etc.
1861/// ViewContext also derefs to [`WindowContext`], giving you access to all of its methods as well.
1862/// When you call [`View::update`], you're passed a `&mut V` and an `&mut ViewContext<V>`.
1863pub struct ViewContext<'a, V> {
1864    window_cx: WindowContext<'a>,
1865    view: &'a View<V>,
1866}
1867
1868impl<V> Borrow<AppContext> for ViewContext<'_, V> {
1869    fn borrow(&self) -> &AppContext {
1870        &*self.window_cx.app
1871    }
1872}
1873
1874impl<V> BorrowMut<AppContext> for ViewContext<'_, V> {
1875    fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut AppContext {
1876        &mut *self.window_cx.app
1877    }
1878}
1879
1880impl<V> Borrow<Window> for ViewContext<'_, V> {
1881    fn borrow(&self) -> &Window {
1882        &*self.window_cx.window
1883    }
1884}
1885
1886impl<V> BorrowMut<Window> for ViewContext<'_, V> {
1887    fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Window {
1888        &mut *self.window_cx.window
1889    }
1890}
1891
1892impl<'a, V: 'static> ViewContext<'a, V> {
1893    pub(crate) fn new(app: &'a mut AppContext, window: &'a mut Window, view: &'a View<V>) -> Self {
1894        Self {
1895            window_cx: WindowContext::new(app, window),
1896            view,
1897        }
1898    }
1899
1900    /// Get the entity_id of this view.
1901    pub fn entity_id(&self) -> EntityId {
1902        self.view.entity_id()
1903    }
1904
1905    /// Get the view pointer underlying this context.
1906    pub fn view(&self) -> &View<V> {
1907        self.view
1908    }
1909
1910    /// Get the model underlying this view.
1911    pub fn model(&self) -> &Model<V> {
1912        &self.view.model
1913    }
1914
1915    /// Access the underlying window context.
1916    pub fn window_context(&mut self) -> &mut WindowContext<'a> {
1917        &mut self.window_cx
1918    }
1919
1920    /// Sets a given callback to be run on the next frame.
1921    pub fn on_next_frame(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static)
1922    where
1923        V: 'static,
1924    {
1925        let view = self.view().clone();
1926        self.window_cx.on_next_frame(move |cx| view.update(cx, f));
1927    }
1928
1929    /// Schedules the given function to be run at the end of the current effect cycle, allowing entities
1930    /// that are currently on the stack to be returned to the app.
1931    pub fn defer(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static) {
1932        let view = self.view().downgrade();
1933        self.window_cx.defer(move |cx| {
1934            view.update(cx, f).ok();
1935        });
1936    }
1937
1938    /// Observe another model or view for changes to its state, as tracked by [`ModelContext::notify`].
1939    pub fn observe<V2, E>(
1940        &mut self,
1941        entity: &E,
1942        mut on_notify: impl FnMut(&mut V, E, &mut ViewContext<'_, V>) + 'static,
1943    ) -> Subscription
1944    where
1945        V2: 'static,
1946        V: 'static,
1947        E: Entity<V2>,
1948    {
1949        let view = self.view().downgrade();
1950        let entity_id = entity.entity_id();
1951        let entity = entity.downgrade();
1952        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
1953        self.app.new_observer(
1954            entity_id,
1955            Box::new(move |cx| {
1956                window_handle
1957                    .update(cx, |_, cx| {
1958                        if let Some(handle) = E::upgrade_from(&entity) {
1959                            view.update(cx, |this, cx| on_notify(this, handle, cx))
1960                                .is_ok()
1961                        } else {
1962                            false
1963                        }
1964                    })
1965                    .unwrap_or(false)
1966            }),
1967        )
1968    }
1969
1970    /// Subscribe to events emitted by another model or view.
1971    /// The entity to which you're subscribing must implement the [`EventEmitter`] trait.
1972    /// The callback will be invoked with a reference to the current view, a handle to the emitting entity (either a [`View`] or [`Model`]), the event, and a view context for the current view.
1973    pub fn subscribe<V2, E, Evt>(
1974        &mut self,
1975        entity: &E,
1976        mut on_event: impl FnMut(&mut V, E, &Evt, &mut ViewContext<'_, V>) + 'static,
1977    ) -> Subscription
1978    where
1979        V2: EventEmitter<Evt>,
1980        E: Entity<V2>,
1981        Evt: 'static,
1982    {
1983        let view = self.view().downgrade();
1984        let entity_id = entity.entity_id();
1985        let handle = entity.downgrade();
1986        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
1987        self.app.new_subscription(
1988            entity_id,
1989            (
1990                TypeId::of::<Evt>(),
1991                Box::new(move |event, cx| {
1992                    window_handle
1993                        .update(cx, |_, cx| {
1994                            if let Some(handle) = E::upgrade_from(&handle) {
1995                                let event = event.downcast_ref().expect("invalid event type");
1996                                view.update(cx, |this, cx| on_event(this, handle, event, cx))
1997                                    .is_ok()
1998                            } else {
1999                                false
2000                            }
2001                        })
2002                        .unwrap_or(false)
2003                }),
2004            ),
2005        )
2006    }
2007
2008    /// Register a callback to be invoked when the view is released.
2009    ///
2010    /// The callback receives a handle to the view's window. This handle may be
2011    /// invalid, if the window was closed before the view was released.
2012    pub fn on_release(
2013        &mut self,
2014        on_release: impl FnOnce(&mut V, AnyWindowHandle, &mut AppContext) + 'static,
2015    ) -> Subscription {
2016        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
2017        let (subscription, activate) = self.app.release_listeners.insert(
2018            self.view.model.entity_id,
2019            Box::new(move |this, cx| {
2020                let this = this.downcast_mut().expect("invalid entity type");
2021                on_release(this, window_handle, cx)
2022            }),
2023        );
2024        activate();
2025        subscription
2026    }
2027
2028    /// Register a callback to be invoked when the given Model or View is released.
2029    pub fn observe_release<V2, E>(
2030        &mut self,
2031        entity: &E,
2032        mut on_release: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut V2, &mut ViewContext<'_, V>) + 'static,
2033    ) -> Subscription
2034    where
2035        V: 'static,
2036        V2: 'static,
2037        E: Entity<V2>,
2038    {
2039        let view = self.view().downgrade();
2040        let entity_id = entity.entity_id();
2041        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
2042        let (subscription, activate) = self.app.release_listeners.insert(
2043            entity_id,
2044            Box::new(move |entity, cx| {
2045                let entity = entity.downcast_mut().expect("invalid entity type");
2046                let _ = window_handle.update(cx, |_, cx| {
2047                    view.update(cx, |this, cx| on_release(this, entity, cx))
2048                });
2049            }),
2050        );
2051        activate();
2052        subscription
2053    }
2054
2055    /// Indicate that this view has changed, which will invoke any observers and also mark the window as dirty.
2056    /// If this view or any of its ancestors are *cached*, notifying it will cause it or its ancestors to be redrawn.
2057    pub fn notify(&mut self) {
2058        for view_id in self
2059            .window
2060            .rendered_frame
2061            .dispatch_tree
2062            .view_path(self.view.entity_id())
2063            .into_iter()
2064            .rev()
2065        {
2066            if !self.window.dirty_views.insert(view_id) {
2067                break;
2068            }
2069        }
2070
2071        if !self.window.drawing {
2072            self.window_cx.window.dirty.set(true);
2073            self.window_cx.app.push_effect(Effect::Notify {
2074                emitter: self.view.model.entity_id,
2075            });
2076        }
2077    }
2078
2079    /// Register a callback to be invoked when the window is resized.
2080    pub fn observe_window_bounds(
2081        &mut self,
2082        mut callback: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2083    ) -> Subscription {
2084        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2085        let (subscription, activate) = self.window.bounds_observers.insert(
2086            (),
2087            Box::new(move |cx| view.update(cx, |view, cx| callback(view, cx)).is_ok()),
2088        );
2089        activate();
2090        subscription
2091    }
2092
2093    /// Register a callback to be invoked when the window is activated or deactivated.
2094    pub fn observe_window_activation(
2095        &mut self,
2096        mut callback: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2097    ) -> Subscription {
2098        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2099        let (subscription, activate) = self.window.activation_observers.insert(
2100            (),
2101            Box::new(move |cx| view.update(cx, |view, cx| callback(view, cx)).is_ok()),
2102        );
2103        activate();
2104        subscription
2105    }
2106
2107    /// Registers a callback to be invoked when the window appearance changes.
2108    pub fn observe_window_appearance(
2109        &mut self,
2110        mut callback: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2111    ) -> Subscription {
2112        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2113        let (subscription, activate) = self.window.appearance_observers.insert(
2114            (),
2115            Box::new(move |cx| view.update(cx, |view, cx| callback(view, cx)).is_ok()),
2116        );
2117        activate();
2118        subscription
2119    }
2120
2121    /// Register a listener to be called when the given focus handle receives focus.
2122    /// Returns a subscription and persists until the subscription is dropped.
2123    pub fn on_focus(
2124        &mut self,
2125        handle: &FocusHandle,
2126        mut listener: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2127    ) -> Subscription {
2128        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2129        let focus_id = handle.id;
2130        let (subscription, activate) =
2131            self.window.new_focus_listener(Box::new(move |event, cx| {
2132                view.update(cx, |view, cx| {
2133                    if event.previous_focus_path.last() != Some(&focus_id)
2134                        && event.current_focus_path.last() == Some(&focus_id)
2135                    {
2136                        listener(view, cx)
2137                    }
2138                })
2139                .is_ok()
2140            }));
2141        self.app.defer(|_| activate());
2142        subscription
2143    }
2144
2145    /// Register a listener to be called when the given focus handle or one of its descendants receives focus.
2146    /// Returns a subscription and persists until the subscription is dropped.
2147    pub fn on_focus_in(
2148        &mut self,
2149        handle: &FocusHandle,
2150        mut listener: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2151    ) -> Subscription {
2152        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2153        let focus_id = handle.id;
2154        let (subscription, activate) =
2155            self.window.new_focus_listener(Box::new(move |event, cx| {
2156                view.update(cx, |view, cx| {
2157                    if !event.previous_focus_path.contains(&focus_id)
2158                        && event.current_focus_path.contains(&focus_id)
2159                    {
2160                        listener(view, cx)
2161                    }
2162                })
2163                .is_ok()
2164            }));
2165        self.app.defer(move |_| activate());
2166        subscription
2167    }
2168
2169    /// Register a listener to be called when the given focus handle loses focus.
2170    /// Returns a subscription and persists until the subscription is dropped.
2171    pub fn on_blur(
2172        &mut self,
2173        handle: &FocusHandle,
2174        mut listener: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2175    ) -> Subscription {
2176        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2177        let focus_id = handle.id;
2178        let (subscription, activate) =
2179            self.window.new_focus_listener(Box::new(move |event, cx| {
2180                view.update(cx, |view, cx| {
2181                    if event.previous_focus_path.last() == Some(&focus_id)
2182                        && event.current_focus_path.last() != Some(&focus_id)
2183                    {
2184                        listener(view, cx)
2185                    }
2186                })
2187                .is_ok()
2188            }));
2189        self.app.defer(move |_| activate());
2190        subscription
2191    }
2192
2193    /// Register a listener to be called when nothing in the window has focus.
2194    /// This typically happens when the node that was focused is removed from the tree,
2195    /// and this callback lets you chose a default place to restore the users focus.
2196    /// Returns a subscription and persists until the subscription is dropped.
2197    pub fn on_focus_lost(
2198        &mut self,
2199        mut listener: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2200    ) -> Subscription {
2201        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2202        let (subscription, activate) = self.window.focus_lost_listeners.insert(
2203            (),
2204            Box::new(move |cx| view.update(cx, |view, cx| listener(view, cx)).is_ok()),
2205        );
2206        activate();
2207        subscription
2208    }
2209
2210    /// Register a listener to be called when the given focus handle or one of its descendants loses focus.
2211    /// Returns a subscription and persists until the subscription is dropped.
2212    pub fn on_focus_out(
2213        &mut self,
2214        handle: &FocusHandle,
2215        mut listener: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2216    ) -> Subscription {
2217        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2218        let focus_id = handle.id;
2219        let (subscription, activate) =
2220            self.window.new_focus_listener(Box::new(move |event, cx| {
2221                view.update(cx, |view, cx| {
2222                    if event.previous_focus_path.contains(&focus_id)
2223                        && !event.current_focus_path.contains(&focus_id)
2224                    {
2225                        listener(view, cx)
2226                    }
2227                })
2228                .is_ok()
2229            }));
2230        self.app.defer(move |_| activate());
2231        subscription
2232    }
2233
2234    /// Schedule a future to be run asynchronously.
2235    /// The given callback is invoked with a [`WeakView<V>`] to avoid leaking the view for a long-running process.
2236    /// It's also given an [`AsyncWindowContext`], which can be used to access the state of the view across await points.
2237    /// The returned future will be polled on the main thread.
2238    pub fn spawn<Fut, R>(
2239        &mut self,
2240        f: impl FnOnce(WeakView<V>, AsyncWindowContext) -> Fut,
2241    ) -> Task<R>
2242    where
2243        R: 'static,
2244        Fut: Future<Output = R> + 'static,
2245    {
2246        let view = self.view().downgrade();
2247        self.window_cx.spawn(|cx| f(view, cx))
2248    }
2249
2250    /// Updates the global state of the given type.
2251    pub fn update_global<G, R>(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut G, &mut Self) -> R) -> R
2252    where
2253        G: Global,
2254    {
2255        let mut global = self.app.lease_global::<G>();
2256        let result = f(&mut global, self);
2257        self.app.end_global_lease(global);
2258        result
2259    }
2260
2261    /// Register a callback to be invoked when the given global state changes.
2262    pub fn observe_global<G: Global>(
2263        &mut self,
2264        mut f: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<'_, V>) + 'static,
2265    ) -> Subscription {
2266        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
2267        let view = self.view().downgrade();
2268        let (subscription, activate) = self.global_observers.insert(
2269            TypeId::of::<G>(),
2270            Box::new(move |cx| {
2271                window_handle
2272                    .update(cx, |_, cx| view.update(cx, |view, cx| f(view, cx)).is_ok())
2273                    .unwrap_or(false)
2274            }),
2275        );
2276        self.app.defer(move |_| activate());
2277        subscription
2278    }
2279
2280    /// Register a callback to be invoked when the given Action type is dispatched to the window.
2281    pub fn on_action(
2282        &mut self,
2283        action_type: TypeId,
2284        listener: impl Fn(&mut V, &dyn Any, DispatchPhase, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2285    ) {
2286        let handle = self.view().clone();
2287        self.window_cx
2288            .on_action(action_type, move |action, phase, cx| {
2289                handle.update(cx, |view, cx| {
2290                    listener(view, action, phase, cx);
2291                })
2292            });
2293    }
2294
2295    /// Emit an event to be handled any other views that have subscribed via [ViewContext::subscribe].
2296    pub fn emit<Evt>(&mut self, event: Evt)
2297    where
2298        Evt: 'static,
2299        V: EventEmitter<Evt>,
2300    {
2301        let emitter = self.view.model.entity_id;
2302        self.app.push_effect(Effect::Emit {
2303            emitter,
2304            event_type: TypeId::of::<Evt>(),
2305            event: Box::new(event),
2306        });
2307    }
2308
2309    /// Move focus to the current view, assuming it implements [`FocusableView`].
2310    pub fn focus_self(&mut self)
2311    where
2312        V: FocusableView,
2313    {
2314        self.defer(|view, cx| view.focus_handle(cx).focus(cx))
2315    }
2316
2317    /// Convenience method for accessing view state in an event callback.
2318    ///
2319    /// Many GPUI callbacks take the form of `Fn(&E, &mut WindowContext)`,
2320    /// but it's often useful to be able to access view state in these
2321    /// callbacks. This method provides a convenient way to do so.
2322    pub fn listener<E>(
2323        &self,
2324        f: impl Fn(&mut V, &E, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2325    ) -> impl Fn(&E, &mut WindowContext) + 'static {
2326        let view = self.view().downgrade();
2327        move |e: &E, cx: &mut WindowContext| {
2328            view.update(cx, |view, cx| f(view, e, cx)).ok();
2329        }
2330    }
2331}
2332
2333impl<V> Context for ViewContext<'_, V> {
2334    type Result<U> = U;
2335
2336    fn new_model<T: 'static>(
2337        &mut self,
2338        build_model: impl FnOnce(&mut ModelContext<'_, T>) -> T,
2339    ) -> Model<T> {
2340        self.window_cx.new_model(build_model)
2341    }
2342
2343    fn update_model<T: 'static, R>(
2344        &mut self,
2345        model: &Model<T>,
2346        update: impl FnOnce(&mut T, &mut ModelContext<'_, T>) -> R,
2347    ) -> R {
2348        self.window_cx.update_model(model, update)
2349    }
2350
2351    fn update_window<T, F>(&mut self, window: AnyWindowHandle, update: F) -> Result<T>
2352    where
2353        F: FnOnce(AnyView, &mut WindowContext<'_>) -> T,
2354    {
2355        self.window_cx.update_window(window, update)
2356    }
2357
2358    fn read_model<T, R>(
2359        &self,
2360        handle: &Model<T>,
2361        read: impl FnOnce(&T, &AppContext) -> R,
2362    ) -> Self::Result<R>
2363    where
2364        T: 'static,
2365    {
2366        self.window_cx.read_model(handle, read)
2367    }
2368
2369    fn read_window<T, R>(
2370        &self,
2371        window: &WindowHandle<T>,
2372        read: impl FnOnce(View<T>, &AppContext) -> R,
2373    ) -> Result<R>
2374    where
2375        T: 'static,
2376    {
2377        self.window_cx.read_window(window, read)
2378    }
2379}
2380
2381impl<V: 'static> VisualContext for ViewContext<'_, V> {
2382    fn new_view<W: Render + 'static>(
2383        &mut self,
2384        build_view_state: impl FnOnce(&mut ViewContext<'_, W>) -> W,
2385    ) -> Self::Result<View<W>> {
2386        self.window_cx.new_view(build_view_state)
2387    }
2388
2389    fn update_view<V2: 'static, R>(
2390        &mut self,
2391        view: &View<V2>,
2392        update: impl FnOnce(&mut V2, &mut ViewContext<'_, V2>) -> R,
2393    ) -> Self::Result<R> {
2394        self.window_cx.update_view(view, update)
2395    }
2396
2397    fn replace_root_view<W>(
2398        &mut self,
2399        build_view: impl FnOnce(&mut ViewContext<'_, W>) -> W,
2400    ) -> Self::Result<View<W>>
2401    where
2402        W: 'static + Render,
2403    {
2404        self.window_cx.replace_root_view(build_view)
2405    }
2406
2407    fn focus_view<W: FocusableView>(&mut self, view: &View<W>) -> Self::Result<()> {
2408        self.window_cx.focus_view(view)
2409    }
2410
2411    fn dismiss_view<W: ManagedView>(&mut self, view: &View<W>) -> Self::Result<()> {
2412        self.window_cx.dismiss_view(view)
2413    }
2414}
2415
2416impl<'a, V> std::ops::Deref for ViewContext<'a, V> {
2417    type Target = WindowContext<'a>;
2418
2419    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
2420        &self.window_cx
2421    }
2422}
2423
2424impl<'a, V> std::ops::DerefMut for ViewContext<'a, V> {
2425    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
2426        &mut self.window_cx
2427    }
2428}
2429
2430// #[derive(Clone, Copy, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
2431slotmap::new_key_type! {
2432    /// A unique identifier for a window.
2433    pub struct WindowId;
2434}
2435
2436impl WindowId {
2437    /// Converts this window ID to a `u64`.
2438    pub fn as_u64(&self) -> u64 {
2439        self.0.as_ffi()
2440    }
2441}
2442
2443/// A handle to a window with a specific root view type.
2444/// Note that this does not keep the window alive on its own.
2445#[derive(Deref, DerefMut)]
2446pub struct WindowHandle<V> {
2447    #[deref]
2448    #[deref_mut]
2449    pub(crate) any_handle: AnyWindowHandle,
2450    state_type: PhantomData<V>,
2451}
2452
2453impl<V: 'static + Render> WindowHandle<V> {
2454    /// Creates a new handle from a window ID.
2455    /// This does not check if the root type of the window is `V`.
2456    pub fn new(id: WindowId) -> Self {
2457        WindowHandle {
2458            any_handle: AnyWindowHandle {
2459                id,
2460                state_type: TypeId::of::<V>(),
2461            },
2462            state_type: PhantomData,
2463        }
2464    }
2465
2466    /// Get the root view out of this window.
2467    ///
2468    /// This will fail if the window is closed or if the root view's type does not match `V`.
2469    pub fn root<C>(&self, cx: &mut C) -> Result<View<V>>
2470    where
2471        C: Context,
2472    {
2473        Flatten::flatten(cx.update_window(self.any_handle, |root_view, _| {
2474            root_view
2475                .downcast::<V>()
2476                .map_err(|_| anyhow!("the type of the window's root view has changed"))
2477        }))
2478    }
2479
2480    /// Updates the root view of this window.
2481    ///
2482    /// This will fail if the window has been closed or if the root view's type does not match
2483    pub fn update<C, R>(
2484        &self,
2485        cx: &mut C,
2486        update: impl FnOnce(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<'_, V>) -> R,
2487    ) -> Result<R>
2488    where
2489        C: Context,
2490    {
2491        cx.update_window(self.any_handle, |root_view, cx| {
2492            let view = root_view
2493                .downcast::<V>()
2494                .map_err(|_| anyhow!("the type of the window's root view has changed"))?;
2495            Ok(cx.update_view(&view, update))
2496        })?
2497    }
2498
2499    /// Read the root view out of this window.
2500    ///
2501    /// This will fail if the window is closed or if the root view's type does not match `V`.
2502    pub fn read<'a>(&self, cx: &'a AppContext) -> Result<&'a V> {
2503        let x = cx
2504            .windows
2505            .get(self.id)
2506            .and_then(|window| {
2507                window
2508                    .as_ref()
2509                    .and_then(|window| window.root_view.clone())
2510                    .map(|root_view| root_view.downcast::<V>())
2511            })
2512            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("window not found"))?
2513            .map_err(|_| anyhow!("the type of the window's root view has changed"))?;
2514
2515        Ok(x.read(cx))
2516    }
2517
2518    /// Read the root view out of this window, with a callback
2519    ///
2520    /// This will fail if the window is closed or if the root view's type does not match `V`.
2521    pub fn read_with<C, R>(&self, cx: &C, read_with: impl FnOnce(&V, &AppContext) -> R) -> Result<R>
2522    where
2523        C: Context,
2524    {
2525        cx.read_window(self, |root_view, cx| read_with(root_view.read(cx), cx))
2526    }
2527
2528    /// Read the root view pointer off of this window.
2529    ///
2530    /// This will fail if the window is closed or if the root view's type does not match `V`.
2531    pub fn root_view<C>(&self, cx: &C) -> Result<View<V>>
2532    where
2533        C: Context,
2534    {
2535        cx.read_window(self, |root_view, _cx| root_view.clone())
2536    }
2537
2538    /// Check if this window is 'active'.
2539    ///
2540    /// Will return `None` if the window is closed or currently
2541    /// borrowed.
2542    pub fn is_active(&self, cx: &mut AppContext) -> Option<bool> {
2543        cx.update_window(self.any_handle, |_, cx| cx.is_window_active())
2544            .ok()
2545    }
2546}
2547
2548impl<V> Copy for WindowHandle<V> {}
2549
2550impl<V> Clone for WindowHandle<V> {
2551    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
2552        *self
2553    }
2554}
2555
2556impl<V> PartialEq for WindowHandle<V> {
2557    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
2558        self.any_handle == other.any_handle
2559    }
2560}
2561
2562impl<V> Eq for WindowHandle<V> {}
2563
2564impl<V> Hash for WindowHandle<V> {
2565    fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
2566        self.any_handle.hash(state);
2567    }
2568}
2569
2570impl<V: 'static> From<WindowHandle<V>> for AnyWindowHandle {
2571    fn from(val: WindowHandle<V>) -> Self {
2572        val.any_handle
2573    }
2574}
2575
2576/// A handle to a window with any root view type, which can be downcast to a window with a specific root view type.
2577#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
2578pub struct AnyWindowHandle {
2579    pub(crate) id: WindowId,
2580    state_type: TypeId,
2581}
2582
2583impl AnyWindowHandle {
2584    /// Get the ID of this window.
2585    pub fn window_id(&self) -> WindowId {
2586        self.id
2587    }
2588
2589    /// Attempt to convert this handle to a window handle with a specific root view type.
2590    /// If the types do not match, this will return `None`.
2591    pub fn downcast<T: 'static>(&self) -> Option<WindowHandle<T>> {
2592        if TypeId::of::<T>() == self.state_type {
2593            Some(WindowHandle {
2594                any_handle: *self,
2595                state_type: PhantomData,
2596            })
2597        } else {
2598            None
2599        }
2600    }
2601
2602    /// Updates the state of the root view of this window.
2603    ///
2604    /// This will fail if the window has been closed.
2605    pub fn update<C, R>(
2606        self,
2607        cx: &mut C,
2608        update: impl FnOnce(AnyView, &mut WindowContext<'_>) -> R,
2609    ) -> Result<R>
2610    where
2611        C: Context,
2612    {
2613        cx.update_window(self, update)
2614    }
2615
2616    /// Read the state of the root view of this window.
2617    ///
2618    /// This will fail if the window has been closed.
2619    pub fn read<T, C, R>(self, cx: &C, read: impl FnOnce(View<T>, &AppContext) -> R) -> Result<R>
2620    where
2621        C: Context,
2622        T: 'static,
2623    {
2624        let view = self
2625            .downcast::<T>()
2626            .context("the type of the window's root view has changed")?;
2627
2628        cx.read_window(&view, read)
2629    }
2630}
2631
2632/// An identifier for an [`Element`](crate::Element).
2633///
2634/// Can be constructed with a string, a number, or both, as well
2635/// as other internal representations.
2636#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
2637pub enum ElementId {
2638    /// The ID of a View element
2639    View(EntityId),
2640    /// An integer ID.
2641    Integer(usize),
2642    /// A string based ID.
2643    Name(SharedString),
2644    /// An ID that's equated with a focus handle.
2645    FocusHandle(FocusId),
2646    /// A combination of a name and an integer.
2647    NamedInteger(SharedString, usize),
2648}
2649
2650impl Display for ElementId {
2651    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
2652        match self {
2653            ElementId::View(entity_id) => write!(f, "view-{}", entity_id)?,
2654            ElementId::Integer(ix) => write!(f, "{}", ix)?,
2655            ElementId::Name(name) => write!(f, "{}", name)?,
2656            ElementId::FocusHandle(_) => write!(f, "FocusHandle")?,
2657            ElementId::NamedInteger(s, i) => write!(f, "{}-{}", s, i)?,
2658        }
2659
2660        Ok(())
2661    }
2662}
2663
2664impl ElementId {
2665    pub(crate) fn from_entity_id(entity_id: EntityId) -> Self {
2666        ElementId::View(entity_id)
2667    }
2668}
2669
2670impl TryInto<SharedString> for ElementId {
2671    type Error = anyhow::Error;
2672
2673    fn try_into(self) -> anyhow::Result<SharedString> {
2674        if let ElementId::Name(name) = self {
2675            Ok(name)
2676        } else {
2677            Err(anyhow!("element id is not string"))
2678        }
2679    }
2680}
2681
2682impl From<usize> for ElementId {
2683    fn from(id: usize) -> Self {
2684        ElementId::Integer(id)
2685    }
2686}
2687
2688impl From<i32> for ElementId {
2689    fn from(id: i32) -> Self {
2690        Self::Integer(id as usize)
2691    }
2692}
2693
2694impl From<SharedString> for ElementId {
2695    fn from(name: SharedString) -> Self {
2696        ElementId::Name(name)
2697    }
2698}
2699
2700impl From<&'static str> for ElementId {
2701    fn from(name: &'static str) -> Self {
2702        ElementId::Name(name.into())
2703    }
2704}
2705
2706impl<'a> From<&'a FocusHandle> for ElementId {
2707    fn from(handle: &'a FocusHandle) -> Self {
2708        ElementId::FocusHandle(handle.id)
2709    }
2710}
2711
2712impl From<(&'static str, EntityId)> for ElementId {
2713    fn from((name, id): (&'static str, EntityId)) -> Self {
2714        ElementId::NamedInteger(name.into(), id.as_u64() as usize)
2715    }
2716}
2717
2718impl From<(&'static str, usize)> for ElementId {
2719    fn from((name, id): (&'static str, usize)) -> Self {
2720        ElementId::NamedInteger(name.into(), id)
2721    }
2722}
2723
2724impl From<(&'static str, u64)> for ElementId {
2725    fn from((name, id): (&'static str, u64)) -> Self {
2726        ElementId::NamedInteger(name.into(), id as usize)
2727    }
2728}
2729
2730/// A rectangle to be rendered in the window at the given position and size.
2731/// Passed as an argument [`ElementContext::paint_quad`].
2732#[derive(Clone)]
2733pub struct PaintQuad {
2734    bounds: Bounds<Pixels>,
2735    corner_radii: Corners<Pixels>,
2736    background: Hsla,
2737    border_widths: Edges<Pixels>,
2738    border_color: Hsla,
2739}
2740
2741impl PaintQuad {
2742    /// Sets the corner radii of the quad.
2743    pub fn corner_radii(self, corner_radii: impl Into<Corners<Pixels>>) -> Self {
2744        PaintQuad {
2745            corner_radii: corner_radii.into(),
2746            ..self
2747        }
2748    }
2749
2750    /// Sets the border widths of the quad.
2751    pub fn border_widths(self, border_widths: impl Into<Edges<Pixels>>) -> Self {
2752        PaintQuad {
2753            border_widths: border_widths.into(),
2754            ..self
2755        }
2756    }
2757
2758    /// Sets the border color of the quad.
2759    pub fn border_color(self, border_color: impl Into<Hsla>) -> Self {
2760        PaintQuad {
2761            border_color: border_color.into(),
2762            ..self
2763        }
2764    }
2765
2766    /// Sets the background color of the quad.
2767    pub fn background(self, background: impl Into<Hsla>) -> Self {
2768        PaintQuad {
2769            background: background.into(),
2770            ..self
2771        }
2772    }
2773}
2774
2775/// Creates a quad with the given parameters.
2776pub fn quad(
2777    bounds: Bounds<Pixels>,
2778    corner_radii: impl Into<Corners<Pixels>>,
2779    background: impl Into<Hsla>,
2780    border_widths: impl Into<Edges<Pixels>>,
2781    border_color: impl Into<Hsla>,
2782) -> PaintQuad {
2783    PaintQuad {
2784        bounds,
2785        corner_radii: corner_radii.into(),
2786        background: background.into(),
2787        border_widths: border_widths.into(),
2788        border_color: border_color.into(),
2789    }
2790}
2791
2792/// Creates a filled quad with the given bounds and background color.
2793pub fn fill(bounds: impl Into<Bounds<Pixels>>, background: impl Into<Hsla>) -> PaintQuad {
2794    PaintQuad {
2795        bounds: bounds.into(),
2796        corner_radii: (0.).into(),
2797        background: background.into(),
2798        border_widths: (0.).into(),
2799        border_color: transparent_black(),
2800    }
2801}
2802
2803/// Creates a rectangle outline with the given bounds, border color, and a 1px border width
2804pub fn outline(bounds: impl Into<Bounds<Pixels>>, border_color: impl Into<Hsla>) -> PaintQuad {
2805    PaintQuad {
2806        bounds: bounds.into(),
2807        corner_radii: (0.).into(),
2808        background: transparent_black(),
2809        border_widths: (1.).into(),
2810        border_color: border_color.into(),
2811    }
2812}