app.rs

   1use scheduler::Instant;
   2use std::{
   3    any::{TypeId, type_name},
   4    cell::{BorrowMutError, Cell, Ref, RefCell, RefMut},
   5    marker::PhantomData,
   6    mem,
   7    ops::{Deref, DerefMut},
   8    path::{Path, PathBuf},
   9    rc::{Rc, Weak},
  10    sync::{Arc, atomic::Ordering::SeqCst},
  11    time::Duration,
  12};
  13
  14use anyhow::{Context as _, Result, anyhow};
  15use derive_more::{Deref, DerefMut};
  16use futures::{
  17    Future, FutureExt,
  18    channel::oneshot,
  19    future::{LocalBoxFuture, Shared},
  20};
  21use itertools::Itertools;
  22use parking_lot::RwLock;
  23use slotmap::SlotMap;
  24
  25pub use async_context::*;
  26use collections::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet, HashMap, VecDeque};
  27pub use context::*;
  28pub use entity_map::*;
  29use gpui_util::{ResultExt, debug_panic};
  30use http_client::{HttpClient, Url};
  31use smallvec::SmallVec;
  32#[cfg(any(test, feature = "test-support"))]
  33pub use test_context::*;
  34#[cfg(all(target_os = "macos", any(test, feature = "test-support")))]
  35pub use visual_test_context::*;
  36
  37#[cfg(any(feature = "inspector", debug_assertions))]
  38use crate::InspectorElementRegistry;
  39use crate::{
  40    Action, ActionBuildError, ActionRegistry, Any, AnyView, AnyWindowHandle, AppContext, Arena,
  41    ArenaBox, Asset, AssetSource, BackgroundExecutor, Bounds, ClipboardItem, CursorStyle,
  42    DispatchPhase, DisplayId, EventEmitter, FocusHandle, FocusMap, ForegroundExecutor, Global,
  43    KeyBinding, KeyContext, Keymap, Keystroke, LayoutId, Menu, MenuItem, OwnedMenu,
  44    PathPromptOptions, Pixels, Platform, PlatformDisplay, PlatformKeyboardLayout,
  45    PlatformKeyboardMapper, Point, Priority, PromptBuilder, PromptButton, PromptHandle,
  46    PromptLevel, Render, RenderImage, RenderablePromptHandle, Reservation, ScreenCaptureSource,
  47    SharedString, SubscriberSet, Subscription, SvgRenderer, Task, TextRenderingMode, TextSystem,
  48    ThermalState, Window, WindowAppearance, WindowHandle, WindowId, WindowInvalidator,
  49    colors::{Colors, GlobalColors},
  50    hash, init_app_menus,
  51};
  52
  53mod async_context;
  54mod context;
  55mod entity_map;
  56#[cfg(any(test, feature = "test-support"))]
  57mod test_context;
  58#[cfg(all(target_os = "macos", any(test, feature = "test-support")))]
  59mod visual_test_context;
  60
  61/// The duration for which futures returned from [Context::on_app_quit] can run before the application fully quits.
  62pub const SHUTDOWN_TIMEOUT: Duration = Duration::from_millis(100);
  63
  64/// Temporary(?) wrapper around [`RefCell<App>`] to help us debug any double borrows.
  65/// Strongly consider removing after stabilization.
  66#[doc(hidden)]
  67pub struct AppCell {
  68    app: RefCell<App>,
  69}
  70
  71impl AppCell {
  72    #[doc(hidden)]
  73    #[track_caller]
  74    pub fn borrow(&self) -> AppRef<'_> {
  75        if option_env!("TRACK_THREAD_BORROWS").is_some() {
  76            let thread_id = std::thread::current().id();
  77            eprintln!("borrowed {thread_id:?}");
  78        }
  79        AppRef(self.app.borrow())
  80    }
  81
  82    #[doc(hidden)]
  83    #[track_caller]
  84    pub fn borrow_mut(&self) -> AppRefMut<'_> {
  85        if option_env!("TRACK_THREAD_BORROWS").is_some() {
  86            let thread_id = std::thread::current().id();
  87            eprintln!("borrowed {thread_id:?}");
  88        }
  89        AppRefMut(self.app.borrow_mut())
  90    }
  91
  92    #[doc(hidden)]
  93    #[track_caller]
  94    pub fn try_borrow_mut(&self) -> Result<AppRefMut<'_>, BorrowMutError> {
  95        if option_env!("TRACK_THREAD_BORROWS").is_some() {
  96            let thread_id = std::thread::current().id();
  97            eprintln!("borrowed {thread_id:?}");
  98        }
  99        Ok(AppRefMut(self.app.try_borrow_mut()?))
 100    }
 101}
 102
 103#[doc(hidden)]
 104#[derive(Deref, DerefMut)]
 105pub struct AppRef<'a>(Ref<'a, App>);
 106
 107impl Drop for AppRef<'_> {
 108    fn drop(&mut self) {
 109        if option_env!("TRACK_THREAD_BORROWS").is_some() {
 110            let thread_id = std::thread::current().id();
 111            eprintln!("dropped borrow from {thread_id:?}");
 112        }
 113    }
 114}
 115
 116#[doc(hidden)]
 117#[derive(Deref, DerefMut)]
 118pub struct AppRefMut<'a>(RefMut<'a, App>);
 119
 120impl Drop for AppRefMut<'_> {
 121    fn drop(&mut self) {
 122        if option_env!("TRACK_THREAD_BORROWS").is_some() {
 123            let thread_id = std::thread::current().id();
 124            eprintln!("dropped {thread_id:?}");
 125        }
 126    }
 127}
 128
 129/// A reference to a GPUI application, typically constructed in the `main` function of your app.
 130/// You won't interact with this type much outside of initial configuration and startup.
 131pub struct Application(Rc<AppCell>);
 132
 133/// Represents an application before it is fully launched. Once your app is
 134/// configured, you'll start the app with `App::run`.
 135impl Application {
 136    /// Builds an app with a caller-provided platform implementation.
 137    pub fn with_platform(platform: Rc<dyn Platform>) -> Self {
 138        Self(App::new_app(
 139            platform,
 140            Arc::new(()),
 141            Arc::new(NullHttpClient),
 142        ))
 143    }
 144
 145    /// Assigns the source of assets for the application.
 146    pub fn with_assets(self, asset_source: impl AssetSource) -> Self {
 147        let mut context_lock = self.0.borrow_mut();
 148        let asset_source = Arc::new(asset_source);
 149        context_lock.asset_source = asset_source.clone();
 150        context_lock.svg_renderer = SvgRenderer::new(asset_source);
 151        drop(context_lock);
 152        self
 153    }
 154
 155    /// Sets the HTTP client for the application.
 156    pub fn with_http_client(self, http_client: Arc<dyn HttpClient>) -> Self {
 157        let mut context_lock = self.0.borrow_mut();
 158        context_lock.http_client = http_client;
 159        drop(context_lock);
 160        self
 161    }
 162
 163    /// Configures when the application should automatically quit.
 164    /// By default, [`QuitMode::Default`] is used.
 165    pub fn with_quit_mode(self, mode: QuitMode) -> Self {
 166        self.0.borrow_mut().quit_mode = mode;
 167        self
 168    }
 169
 170    /// Start the application. The provided callback will be called once the
 171    /// app is fully launched.
 172    pub fn run<F>(self, on_finish_launching: F)
 173    where
 174        F: 'static + FnOnce(&mut App),
 175    {
 176        let this = self.0.clone();
 177        let platform = self.0.borrow().platform.clone();
 178        platform.run(Box::new(move || {
 179            let cx = &mut *this.borrow_mut();
 180            on_finish_launching(cx);
 181        }));
 182    }
 183
 184    /// Register a handler to be invoked when the platform instructs the application
 185    /// to open one or more URLs.
 186    pub fn on_open_urls<F>(&self, mut callback: F) -> &Self
 187    where
 188        F: 'static + FnMut(Vec<String>),
 189    {
 190        self.0.borrow().platform.on_open_urls(Box::new(callback));
 191        self
 192    }
 193
 194    /// Invokes a handler when an already-running application is launched.
 195    /// On macOS, this can occur when the application icon is double-clicked or the app is launched via the dock.
 196    pub fn on_reopen<F>(&self, mut callback: F) -> &Self
 197    where
 198        F: 'static + FnMut(&mut App),
 199    {
 200        let this = Rc::downgrade(&self.0);
 201        self.0.borrow_mut().platform.on_reopen(Box::new(move || {
 202            if let Some(app) = this.upgrade() {
 203                callback(&mut app.borrow_mut());
 204            }
 205        }));
 206        self
 207    }
 208
 209    /// Returns a handle to the [`BackgroundExecutor`] associated with this app, which can be used to spawn futures in the background.
 210    pub fn background_executor(&self) -> BackgroundExecutor {
 211        self.0.borrow().background_executor.clone()
 212    }
 213
 214    /// Returns a handle to the [`ForegroundExecutor`] associated with this app, which can be used to spawn futures in the foreground.
 215    pub fn foreground_executor(&self) -> ForegroundExecutor {
 216        self.0.borrow().foreground_executor.clone()
 217    }
 218
 219    /// Returns a reference to the [`TextSystem`] associated with this app.
 220    pub fn text_system(&self) -> Arc<TextSystem> {
 221        self.0.borrow().text_system.clone()
 222    }
 223
 224    /// Returns the file URL of the executable with the specified name in the application bundle
 225    pub fn path_for_auxiliary_executable(&self, name: &str) -> Result<PathBuf> {
 226        self.0.borrow().path_for_auxiliary_executable(name)
 227    }
 228}
 229
 230type Handler = Box<dyn FnMut(&mut App) -> bool + 'static>;
 231type Listener = Box<dyn FnMut(&dyn Any, &mut App) -> bool + 'static>;
 232pub(crate) type KeystrokeObserver =
 233    Box<dyn FnMut(&KeystrokeEvent, &mut Window, &mut App) -> bool + 'static>;
 234type QuitHandler = Box<dyn FnOnce(&mut App) -> LocalBoxFuture<'static, ()> + 'static>;
 235type WindowClosedHandler = Box<dyn FnMut(&mut App)>;
 236type ReleaseListener = Box<dyn FnOnce(&mut dyn Any, &mut App) + 'static>;
 237type NewEntityListener = Box<dyn FnMut(AnyEntity, &mut Option<&mut Window>, &mut App) + 'static>;
 238
 239/// Defines when the application should automatically quit.
 240#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]
 241pub enum QuitMode {
 242    /// Use [`QuitMode::Explicit`] on macOS and [`QuitMode::LastWindowClosed`] on other platforms.
 243    #[default]
 244    Default,
 245    /// Quit automatically when the last window is closed.
 246    LastWindowClosed,
 247    /// Quit only when requested via [`App::quit`].
 248    Explicit,
 249}
 250
 251#[doc(hidden)]
 252#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 253pub struct SystemWindowTab {
 254    pub id: WindowId,
 255    pub title: SharedString,
 256    pub handle: AnyWindowHandle,
 257    pub last_active_at: Instant,
 258}
 259
 260impl SystemWindowTab {
 261    /// Create a new instance of the window tab.
 262    pub fn new(title: SharedString, handle: AnyWindowHandle) -> Self {
 263        Self {
 264            id: handle.id,
 265            title,
 266            handle,
 267            last_active_at: Instant::now(),
 268        }
 269    }
 270}
 271
 272/// A controller for managing window tabs.
 273#[derive(Default)]
 274pub struct SystemWindowTabController {
 275    visible: Option<bool>,
 276    tab_groups: FxHashMap<usize, Vec<SystemWindowTab>>,
 277}
 278
 279impl Global for SystemWindowTabController {}
 280
 281impl SystemWindowTabController {
 282    /// Create a new instance of the window tab controller.
 283    pub fn new() -> Self {
 284        Self {
 285            visible: None,
 286            tab_groups: FxHashMap::default(),
 287        }
 288    }
 289
 290    /// Initialize the global window tab controller.
 291    pub fn init(cx: &mut App) {
 292        cx.set_global(SystemWindowTabController::new());
 293    }
 294
 295    /// Get all tab groups.
 296    pub fn tab_groups(&self) -> &FxHashMap<usize, Vec<SystemWindowTab>> {
 297        &self.tab_groups
 298    }
 299
 300    /// Get the next tab group window handle.
 301    pub fn get_next_tab_group_window(cx: &mut App, id: WindowId) -> Option<&AnyWindowHandle> {
 302        let controller = cx.global::<SystemWindowTabController>();
 303        let current_group = controller
 304            .tab_groups
 305            .iter()
 306            .find_map(|(group, tabs)| tabs.iter().find(|tab| tab.id == id).map(|_| group));
 307
 308        let current_group = current_group?;
 309        // TODO: `.keys()` returns arbitrary order, what does "next" mean?
 310        let mut group_ids: Vec<_> = controller.tab_groups.keys().collect();
 311        let idx = group_ids.iter().position(|g| *g == current_group)?;
 312        let next_idx = (idx + 1) % group_ids.len();
 313
 314        controller
 315            .tab_groups
 316            .get(group_ids[next_idx])
 317            .and_then(|tabs| {
 318                tabs.iter()
 319                    .max_by_key(|tab| tab.last_active_at)
 320                    .or_else(|| tabs.first())
 321                    .map(|tab| &tab.handle)
 322            })
 323    }
 324
 325    /// Get the previous tab group window handle.
 326    pub fn get_prev_tab_group_window(cx: &mut App, id: WindowId) -> Option<&AnyWindowHandle> {
 327        let controller = cx.global::<SystemWindowTabController>();
 328        let current_group = controller
 329            .tab_groups
 330            .iter()
 331            .find_map(|(group, tabs)| tabs.iter().find(|tab| tab.id == id).map(|_| group));
 332
 333        let current_group = current_group?;
 334        // TODO: `.keys()` returns arbitrary order, what does "previous" mean?
 335        let mut group_ids: Vec<_> = controller.tab_groups.keys().collect();
 336        let idx = group_ids.iter().position(|g| *g == current_group)?;
 337        let prev_idx = if idx == 0 {
 338            group_ids.len() - 1
 339        } else {
 340            idx - 1
 341        };
 342
 343        controller
 344            .tab_groups
 345            .get(group_ids[prev_idx])
 346            .and_then(|tabs| {
 347                tabs.iter()
 348                    .max_by_key(|tab| tab.last_active_at)
 349                    .or_else(|| tabs.first())
 350                    .map(|tab| &tab.handle)
 351            })
 352    }
 353
 354    /// Get all tabs in the same window.
 355    pub fn tabs(&self, id: WindowId) -> Option<&Vec<SystemWindowTab>> {
 356        self.tab_groups
 357            .values()
 358            .find(|tabs| tabs.iter().any(|tab| tab.id == id))
 359    }
 360
 361    /// Initialize the visibility of the system window tab controller.
 362    pub fn init_visible(cx: &mut App, visible: bool) {
 363        let mut controller = cx.global_mut::<SystemWindowTabController>();
 364        if controller.visible.is_none() {
 365            controller.visible = Some(visible);
 366        }
 367    }
 368
 369    /// Get the visibility of the system window tab controller.
 370    pub fn is_visible(&self) -> bool {
 371        self.visible.unwrap_or(false)
 372    }
 373
 374    /// Set the visibility of the system window tab controller.
 375    pub fn set_visible(cx: &mut App, visible: bool) {
 376        let mut controller = cx.global_mut::<SystemWindowTabController>();
 377        controller.visible = Some(visible);
 378    }
 379
 380    /// Update the last active of a window.
 381    pub fn update_last_active(cx: &mut App, id: WindowId) {
 382        let mut controller = cx.global_mut::<SystemWindowTabController>();
 383        for windows in controller.tab_groups.values_mut() {
 384            for tab in windows.iter_mut() {
 385                if tab.id == id {
 386                    tab.last_active_at = Instant::now();
 387                }
 388            }
 389        }
 390    }
 391
 392    /// Update the position of a tab within its group.
 393    pub fn update_tab_position(cx: &mut App, id: WindowId, ix: usize) {
 394        let mut controller = cx.global_mut::<SystemWindowTabController>();
 395        for (_, windows) in controller.tab_groups.iter_mut() {
 396            if let Some(current_pos) = windows.iter().position(|tab| tab.id == id) {
 397                if ix < windows.len() && current_pos != ix {
 398                    let window_tab = windows.remove(current_pos);
 399                    windows.insert(ix, window_tab);
 400                }
 401                break;
 402            }
 403        }
 404    }
 405
 406    /// Update the title of a tab.
 407    pub fn update_tab_title(cx: &mut App, id: WindowId, title: SharedString) {
 408        let controller = cx.global::<SystemWindowTabController>();
 409        let tab = controller
 410            .tab_groups
 411            .values()
 412            .flat_map(|windows| windows.iter())
 413            .find(|tab| tab.id == id);
 414
 415        if tab.map_or(true, |t| t.title == title) {
 416            return;
 417        }
 418
 419        let mut controller = cx.global_mut::<SystemWindowTabController>();
 420        for windows in controller.tab_groups.values_mut() {
 421            for tab in windows.iter_mut() {
 422                if tab.id == id {
 423                    tab.title = title;
 424                    return;
 425                }
 426            }
 427        }
 428    }
 429
 430    /// Insert a tab into a tab group.
 431    pub fn add_tab(cx: &mut App, id: WindowId, tabs: Vec<SystemWindowTab>) {
 432        let mut controller = cx.global_mut::<SystemWindowTabController>();
 433        let Some(tab) = tabs.iter().find(|tab| tab.id == id).cloned() else {
 434            return;
 435        };
 436
 437        let mut expected_tab_ids: Vec<_> = tabs
 438            .iter()
 439            .filter(|tab| tab.id != id)
 440            .map(|tab| tab.id)
 441            .sorted()
 442            .collect();
 443
 444        let mut tab_group_id = None;
 445        for (group_id, group_tabs) in &controller.tab_groups {
 446            let tab_ids: Vec<_> = group_tabs.iter().map(|tab| tab.id).sorted().collect();
 447            if tab_ids == expected_tab_ids {
 448                tab_group_id = Some(*group_id);
 449                break;
 450            }
 451        }
 452
 453        if let Some(tab_group_id) = tab_group_id {
 454            if let Some(tabs) = controller.tab_groups.get_mut(&tab_group_id) {
 455                tabs.push(tab);
 456            }
 457        } else {
 458            let new_group_id = controller.tab_groups.len();
 459            controller.tab_groups.insert(new_group_id, tabs);
 460        }
 461    }
 462
 463    /// Remove a tab from a tab group.
 464    pub fn remove_tab(cx: &mut App, id: WindowId) -> Option<SystemWindowTab> {
 465        let mut controller = cx.global_mut::<SystemWindowTabController>();
 466        let mut removed_tab = None;
 467
 468        controller.tab_groups.retain(|_, tabs| {
 469            if let Some(pos) = tabs.iter().position(|tab| tab.id == id) {
 470                removed_tab = Some(tabs.remove(pos));
 471            }
 472            !tabs.is_empty()
 473        });
 474
 475        removed_tab
 476    }
 477
 478    /// Move a tab to a new tab group.
 479    pub fn move_tab_to_new_window(cx: &mut App, id: WindowId) {
 480        let mut removed_tab = Self::remove_tab(cx, id);
 481        let mut controller = cx.global_mut::<SystemWindowTabController>();
 482
 483        if let Some(tab) = removed_tab {
 484            let new_group_id = controller.tab_groups.keys().max().map_or(0, |k| k + 1);
 485            controller.tab_groups.insert(new_group_id, vec![tab]);
 486        }
 487    }
 488
 489    /// Merge all tab groups into a single group.
 490    pub fn merge_all_windows(cx: &mut App, id: WindowId) {
 491        let mut controller = cx.global_mut::<SystemWindowTabController>();
 492        let Some(initial_tabs) = controller.tabs(id) else {
 493            return;
 494        };
 495
 496        let initial_tabs_len = initial_tabs.len();
 497        let mut all_tabs = initial_tabs.clone();
 498
 499        for (_, mut tabs) in controller.tab_groups.drain() {
 500            tabs.retain(|tab| !all_tabs[..initial_tabs_len].contains(tab));
 501            all_tabs.extend(tabs);
 502        }
 503
 504        controller.tab_groups.insert(0, all_tabs);
 505    }
 506
 507    /// Selects the next tab in the tab group in the trailing direction.
 508    pub fn select_next_tab(cx: &mut App, id: WindowId) {
 509        let mut controller = cx.global_mut::<SystemWindowTabController>();
 510        let Some(tabs) = controller.tabs(id) else {
 511            return;
 512        };
 513
 514        let current_index = tabs.iter().position(|tab| tab.id == id).unwrap();
 515        let next_index = (current_index + 1) % tabs.len();
 516
 517        let _ = &tabs[next_index].handle.update(cx, |_, window, _| {
 518            window.activate_window();
 519        });
 520    }
 521
 522    /// Selects the previous tab in the tab group in the leading direction.
 523    pub fn select_previous_tab(cx: &mut App, id: WindowId) {
 524        let mut controller = cx.global_mut::<SystemWindowTabController>();
 525        let Some(tabs) = controller.tabs(id) else {
 526            return;
 527        };
 528
 529        let current_index = tabs.iter().position(|tab| tab.id == id).unwrap();
 530        let previous_index = if current_index == 0 {
 531            tabs.len() - 1
 532        } else {
 533            current_index - 1
 534        };
 535
 536        let _ = &tabs[previous_index].handle.update(cx, |_, window, _| {
 537            window.activate_window();
 538        });
 539    }
 540}
 541
 542pub(crate) enum GpuiMode {
 543    #[cfg(any(test, feature = "test-support"))]
 544    Test {
 545        skip_drawing: bool,
 546    },
 547    Production,
 548}
 549
 550impl GpuiMode {
 551    #[cfg(any(test, feature = "test-support"))]
 552    pub fn test() -> Self {
 553        GpuiMode::Test {
 554            skip_drawing: false,
 555        }
 556    }
 557
 558    #[inline]
 559    pub(crate) fn skip_drawing(&self) -> bool {
 560        match self {
 561            #[cfg(any(test, feature = "test-support"))]
 562            GpuiMode::Test { skip_drawing } => *skip_drawing,
 563            GpuiMode::Production => false,
 564        }
 565    }
 566}
 567
 568/// Contains the state of the full application, and passed as a reference to a variety of callbacks.
 569/// Other [Context] derefs to this type.
 570/// You need a reference to an `App` to access the state of a [Entity].
 571pub struct App {
 572    pub(crate) this: Weak<AppCell>,
 573    pub(crate) platform: Rc<dyn Platform>,
 574    pub(crate) mode: GpuiMode,
 575    text_system: Arc<TextSystem>,
 576    flushing_effects: bool,
 577    pending_updates: usize,
 578    pub(crate) actions: Rc<ActionRegistry>,
 579    pub(crate) active_drag: Option<AnyDrag>,
 580    pub(crate) background_executor: BackgroundExecutor,
 581    pub(crate) foreground_executor: ForegroundExecutor,
 582    pub(crate) loading_assets: FxHashMap<(TypeId, u64), Box<dyn Any>>,
 583    asset_source: Arc<dyn AssetSource>,
 584    pub(crate) svg_renderer: SvgRenderer,
 585    http_client: Arc<dyn HttpClient>,
 586    pub(crate) globals_by_type: FxHashMap<TypeId, Box<dyn Any>>,
 587    pub(crate) entities: EntityMap,
 588    pub(crate) window_update_stack: Vec<WindowId>,
 589    pub(crate) new_entity_observers: SubscriberSet<TypeId, NewEntityListener>,
 590    pub(crate) windows: SlotMap<WindowId, Option<Box<Window>>>,
 591    pub(crate) window_handles: FxHashMap<WindowId, AnyWindowHandle>,
 592    pub(crate) focus_handles: Arc<FocusMap>,
 593    pub(crate) keymap: Rc<RefCell<Keymap>>,
 594    pub(crate) keyboard_layout: Box<dyn PlatformKeyboardLayout>,
 595    pub(crate) keyboard_mapper: Rc<dyn PlatformKeyboardMapper>,
 596    pub(crate) global_action_listeners:
 597        FxHashMap<TypeId, Vec<Rc<dyn Fn(&dyn Any, DispatchPhase, &mut Self)>>>,
 598    pending_effects: VecDeque<Effect>,
 599    pub(crate) pending_notifications: FxHashSet<EntityId>,
 600    pub(crate) pending_global_notifications: FxHashSet<TypeId>,
 601    pub(crate) observers: SubscriberSet<EntityId, Handler>,
 602    // TypeId is the type of the event that the listener callback expects
 603    pub(crate) event_listeners: SubscriberSet<EntityId, (TypeId, Listener)>,
 604    pub(crate) keystroke_observers: SubscriberSet<(), KeystrokeObserver>,
 605    pub(crate) keystroke_interceptors: SubscriberSet<(), KeystrokeObserver>,
 606    pub(crate) keyboard_layout_observers: SubscriberSet<(), Handler>,
 607    pub(crate) thermal_state_observers: SubscriberSet<(), Handler>,
 608    pub(crate) release_listeners: SubscriberSet<EntityId, ReleaseListener>,
 609    pub(crate) global_observers: SubscriberSet<TypeId, Handler>,
 610    pub(crate) quit_observers: SubscriberSet<(), QuitHandler>,
 611    pub(crate) restart_observers: SubscriberSet<(), Handler>,
 612    pub(crate) restart_path: Option<PathBuf>,
 613    pub(crate) window_closed_observers: SubscriberSet<(), WindowClosedHandler>,
 614    pub(crate) layout_id_buffer: Vec<LayoutId>, // We recycle this memory across layout requests.
 615    pub(crate) propagate_event: bool,
 616    pub(crate) prompt_builder: Option<PromptBuilder>,
 617    pub(crate) window_invalidators_by_entity:
 618        FxHashMap<EntityId, FxHashMap<WindowId, WindowInvalidator>>,
 619    pub(crate) tracked_entities: FxHashMap<WindowId, FxHashSet<EntityId>>,
 620    #[cfg(any(feature = "inspector", debug_assertions))]
 621    pub(crate) inspector_renderer: Option<crate::InspectorRenderer>,
 622    #[cfg(any(feature = "inspector", debug_assertions))]
 623    pub(crate) inspector_element_registry: InspectorElementRegistry,
 624    #[cfg(any(test, feature = "test-support", debug_assertions))]
 625    pub(crate) name: Option<&'static str>,
 626    pub(crate) text_rendering_mode: Rc<Cell<TextRenderingMode>>,
 627    quit_mode: QuitMode,
 628    quitting: bool,
 629    /// Per-App element arena. This isolates element allocations between different
 630    /// App instances (important for tests where multiple Apps run concurrently).
 631    pub(crate) element_arena: RefCell<Arena>,
 632    /// Per-App event arena.
 633    pub(crate) event_arena: Arena,
 634}
 635
 636impl App {
 637    #[allow(clippy::new_ret_no_self)]
 638    pub(crate) fn new_app(
 639        platform: Rc<dyn Platform>,
 640        asset_source: Arc<dyn AssetSource>,
 641        http_client: Arc<dyn HttpClient>,
 642    ) -> Rc<AppCell> {
 643        let background_executor = platform.background_executor();
 644        let foreground_executor = platform.foreground_executor();
 645        assert!(
 646            background_executor.is_main_thread(),
 647            "must construct App on main thread"
 648        );
 649
 650        let text_system = Arc::new(TextSystem::new(platform.text_system()));
 651        let entities = EntityMap::new();
 652        let keyboard_layout = platform.keyboard_layout();
 653        let keyboard_mapper = platform.keyboard_mapper();
 654
 655        let app = Rc::new_cyclic(|this| AppCell {
 656            app: RefCell::new(App {
 657                this: this.clone(),
 658                platform: platform.clone(),
 659                text_system,
 660                text_rendering_mode: Rc::new(Cell::new(TextRenderingMode::default())),
 661                mode: GpuiMode::Production,
 662                actions: Rc::new(ActionRegistry::default()),
 663                flushing_effects: false,
 664                pending_updates: 0,
 665                active_drag: None,
 666                background_executor,
 667                foreground_executor,
 668                svg_renderer: SvgRenderer::new(asset_source.clone()),
 669                loading_assets: Default::default(),
 670                asset_source,
 671                http_client,
 672                globals_by_type: FxHashMap::default(),
 673                entities,
 674                new_entity_observers: SubscriberSet::new(),
 675                windows: SlotMap::with_key(),
 676                window_update_stack: Vec::new(),
 677                window_handles: FxHashMap::default(),
 678                focus_handles: Arc::new(RwLock::new(SlotMap::with_key())),
 679                keymap: Rc::new(RefCell::new(Keymap::default())),
 680                keyboard_layout,
 681                keyboard_mapper,
 682                global_action_listeners: FxHashMap::default(),
 683                pending_effects: VecDeque::new(),
 684                pending_notifications: FxHashSet::default(),
 685                pending_global_notifications: FxHashSet::default(),
 686                observers: SubscriberSet::new(),
 687                tracked_entities: FxHashMap::default(),
 688                window_invalidators_by_entity: FxHashMap::default(),
 689                event_listeners: SubscriberSet::new(),
 690                release_listeners: SubscriberSet::new(),
 691                keystroke_observers: SubscriberSet::new(),
 692                keystroke_interceptors: SubscriberSet::new(),
 693                keyboard_layout_observers: SubscriberSet::new(),
 694                thermal_state_observers: SubscriberSet::new(),
 695                global_observers: SubscriberSet::new(),
 696                quit_observers: SubscriberSet::new(),
 697                restart_observers: SubscriberSet::new(),
 698                restart_path: None,
 699                window_closed_observers: SubscriberSet::new(),
 700                layout_id_buffer: Default::default(),
 701                propagate_event: true,
 702                prompt_builder: Some(PromptBuilder::Default),
 703                #[cfg(any(feature = "inspector", debug_assertions))]
 704                inspector_renderer: None,
 705                #[cfg(any(feature = "inspector", debug_assertions))]
 706                inspector_element_registry: InspectorElementRegistry::default(),
 707                quit_mode: QuitMode::default(),
 708                quitting: false,
 709
 710                #[cfg(any(test, feature = "test-support", debug_assertions))]
 711                name: None,
 712                element_arena: RefCell::new(Arena::new(1024 * 1024)),
 713                event_arena: Arena::new(1024 * 1024),
 714            }),
 715        });
 716
 717        init_app_menus(platform.as_ref(), &app.borrow());
 718        SystemWindowTabController::init(&mut app.borrow_mut());
 719
 720        platform.on_keyboard_layout_change(Box::new({
 721            let app = Rc::downgrade(&app);
 722            move || {
 723                if let Some(app) = app.upgrade() {
 724                    let cx = &mut app.borrow_mut();
 725                    cx.keyboard_layout = cx.platform.keyboard_layout();
 726                    cx.keyboard_mapper = cx.platform.keyboard_mapper();
 727                    cx.keyboard_layout_observers
 728                        .clone()
 729                        .retain(&(), move |callback| (callback)(cx));
 730                }
 731            }
 732        }));
 733
 734        platform.on_thermal_state_change(Box::new({
 735            let app = Rc::downgrade(&app);
 736            move || {
 737                if let Some(app) = app.upgrade() {
 738                    let cx = &mut app.borrow_mut();
 739                    cx.thermal_state_observers
 740                        .clone()
 741                        .retain(&(), move |callback| (callback)(cx));
 742                }
 743            }
 744        }));
 745
 746        platform.on_quit(Box::new({
 747            let cx = app.clone();
 748            move || {
 749                cx.borrow_mut().shutdown();
 750            }
 751        }));
 752
 753        app
 754    }
 755
 756    /// Quit the application gracefully. Handlers registered with [`Context::on_app_quit`]
 757    /// will be given 100ms to complete before exiting.
 758    pub fn shutdown(&mut self) {
 759        let mut futures = Vec::new();
 760
 761        for observer in self.quit_observers.remove(&()) {
 762            futures.push(observer(self));
 763        }
 764
 765        self.windows.clear();
 766        self.window_handles.clear();
 767        self.flush_effects();
 768        self.quitting = true;
 769
 770        let futures = futures::future::join_all(futures);
 771        if self
 772            .foreground_executor
 773            .block_with_timeout(SHUTDOWN_TIMEOUT, futures)
 774            .is_err()
 775        {
 776            log::error!("timed out waiting on app_will_quit");
 777        }
 778
 779        self.quitting = false;
 780    }
 781
 782    /// Get the id of the current keyboard layout
 783    pub fn keyboard_layout(&self) -> &dyn PlatformKeyboardLayout {
 784        self.keyboard_layout.as_ref()
 785    }
 786
 787    /// Get the current keyboard mapper.
 788    pub fn keyboard_mapper(&self) -> &Rc<dyn PlatformKeyboardMapper> {
 789        &self.keyboard_mapper
 790    }
 791
 792    /// Invokes a handler when the current keyboard layout changes
 793    pub fn on_keyboard_layout_change<F>(&self, mut callback: F) -> Subscription
 794    where
 795        F: 'static + FnMut(&mut App),
 796    {
 797        let (subscription, activate) = self.keyboard_layout_observers.insert(
 798            (),
 799            Box::new(move |cx| {
 800                callback(cx);
 801                true
 802            }),
 803        );
 804        activate();
 805        subscription
 806    }
 807
 808    /// Gracefully quit the application via the platform's standard routine.
 809    pub fn quit(&self) {
 810        self.platform.quit();
 811    }
 812
 813    /// Schedules all windows in the application to be redrawn. This can be called
 814    /// multiple times in an update cycle and still result in a single redraw.
 815    pub fn refresh_windows(&mut self) {
 816        self.pending_effects.push_back(Effect::RefreshWindows);
 817    }
 818
 819    pub(crate) fn update<R>(&mut self, update: impl FnOnce(&mut Self) -> R) -> R {
 820        self.start_update();
 821        let result = update(self);
 822        self.finish_update();
 823        result
 824    }
 825
 826    pub(crate) fn start_update(&mut self) {
 827        self.pending_updates += 1;
 828    }
 829
 830    pub(crate) fn finish_update(&mut self) {
 831        if !self.flushing_effects && self.pending_updates == 1 {
 832            self.flushing_effects = true;
 833            self.flush_effects();
 834            self.flushing_effects = false;
 835        }
 836        self.pending_updates -= 1;
 837    }
 838
 839    /// Arrange a callback to be invoked when the given entity calls `notify` on its respective context.
 840    pub fn observe<W>(
 841        &mut self,
 842        entity: &Entity<W>,
 843        mut on_notify: impl FnMut(Entity<W>, &mut App) + 'static,
 844    ) -> Subscription
 845    where
 846        W: 'static,
 847    {
 848        self.observe_internal(entity, move |e, cx| {
 849            on_notify(e, cx);
 850            true
 851        })
 852    }
 853
 854    pub(crate) fn detect_accessed_entities<R>(
 855        &mut self,
 856        callback: impl FnOnce(&mut App) -> R,
 857    ) -> (R, FxHashSet<EntityId>) {
 858        let accessed_entities_start = self.entities.accessed_entities.get_mut().clone();
 859        let result = callback(self);
 860        let entities_accessed_in_callback = self
 861            .entities
 862            .accessed_entities
 863            .get_mut()
 864            .difference(&accessed_entities_start)
 865            .copied()
 866            .collect::<FxHashSet<EntityId>>();
 867        (result, entities_accessed_in_callback)
 868    }
 869
 870    pub(crate) fn record_entities_accessed(
 871        &mut self,
 872        window_handle: AnyWindowHandle,
 873        invalidator: WindowInvalidator,
 874        entities: &FxHashSet<EntityId>,
 875    ) {
 876        let mut tracked_entities =
 877            std::mem::take(self.tracked_entities.entry(window_handle.id).or_default());
 878        for entity in tracked_entities.iter() {
 879            self.window_invalidators_by_entity
 880                .entry(*entity)
 881                .and_modify(|windows| {
 882                    windows.remove(&window_handle.id);
 883                });
 884        }
 885        for entity in entities.iter() {
 886            self.window_invalidators_by_entity
 887                .entry(*entity)
 888                .or_default()
 889                .insert(window_handle.id, invalidator.clone());
 890        }
 891        tracked_entities.clear();
 892        tracked_entities.extend(entities.iter().copied());
 893        self.tracked_entities
 894            .insert(window_handle.id, tracked_entities);
 895    }
 896
 897    pub(crate) fn new_observer(&mut self, key: EntityId, value: Handler) -> Subscription {
 898        let (subscription, activate) = self.observers.insert(key, value);
 899        self.defer(move |_| activate());
 900        subscription
 901    }
 902
 903    pub(crate) fn observe_internal<W>(
 904        &mut self,
 905        entity: &Entity<W>,
 906        mut on_notify: impl FnMut(Entity<W>, &mut App) -> bool + 'static,
 907    ) -> Subscription
 908    where
 909        W: 'static,
 910    {
 911        let entity_id = entity.entity_id();
 912        let handle = entity.downgrade();
 913        self.new_observer(
 914            entity_id,
 915            Box::new(move |cx| {
 916                if let Some(entity) = handle.upgrade() {
 917                    on_notify(entity, cx)
 918                } else {
 919                    false
 920                }
 921            }),
 922        )
 923    }
 924
 925    /// Arrange for the given callback to be invoked whenever the given entity emits an event of a given type.
 926    /// The callback is provided a handle to the emitting entity and a reference to the emitted event.
 927    pub fn subscribe<T, Event>(
 928        &mut self,
 929        entity: &Entity<T>,
 930        mut on_event: impl FnMut(Entity<T>, &Event, &mut App) + 'static,
 931    ) -> Subscription
 932    where
 933        T: 'static + EventEmitter<Event>,
 934        Event: 'static,
 935    {
 936        self.subscribe_internal(entity, move |entity, event, cx| {
 937            on_event(entity, event, cx);
 938            true
 939        })
 940    }
 941
 942    pub(crate) fn new_subscription(
 943        &mut self,
 944        key: EntityId,
 945        value: (TypeId, Listener),
 946    ) -> Subscription {
 947        let (subscription, activate) = self.event_listeners.insert(key, value);
 948        self.defer(move |_| activate());
 949        subscription
 950    }
 951    pub(crate) fn subscribe_internal<T, Evt>(
 952        &mut self,
 953        entity: &Entity<T>,
 954        mut on_event: impl FnMut(Entity<T>, &Evt, &mut App) -> bool + 'static,
 955    ) -> Subscription
 956    where
 957        T: 'static + EventEmitter<Evt>,
 958        Evt: 'static,
 959    {
 960        let entity_id = entity.entity_id();
 961        let handle = entity.downgrade();
 962        self.new_subscription(
 963            entity_id,
 964            (
 965                TypeId::of::<Evt>(),
 966                Box::new(move |event, cx| {
 967                    let event: &Evt = event.downcast_ref().expect("invalid event type");
 968                    if let Some(entity) = handle.upgrade() {
 969                        on_event(entity, event, cx)
 970                    } else {
 971                        false
 972                    }
 973                }),
 974            ),
 975        )
 976    }
 977
 978    /// Returns handles to all open windows in the application.
 979    /// Each handle could be downcast to a handle typed for the root view of that window.
 980    /// To find all windows of a given type, you could filter on
 981    pub fn windows(&self) -> Vec<AnyWindowHandle> {
 982        self.windows
 983            .keys()
 984            .flat_map(|window_id| self.window_handles.get(&window_id).copied())
 985            .collect()
 986    }
 987
 988    /// Returns the window handles ordered by their appearance on screen, front to back.
 989    ///
 990    /// The first window in the returned list is the active/topmost window of the application.
 991    ///
 992    /// This method returns None if the platform doesn't implement the method yet.
 993    pub fn window_stack(&self) -> Option<Vec<AnyWindowHandle>> {
 994        self.platform.window_stack()
 995    }
 996
 997    /// Returns a handle to the window that is currently focused at the platform level, if one exists.
 998    pub fn active_window(&self) -> Option<AnyWindowHandle> {
 999        self.platform.active_window()
1000    }
1001
1002    /// Opens a new window with the given option and the root view returned by the given function.
1003    /// The function is invoked with a `Window`, which can be used to interact with window-specific
1004    /// functionality.
1005    pub fn open_window<V: 'static + Render>(
1006        &mut self,
1007        options: crate::WindowOptions,
1008        build_root_view: impl FnOnce(&mut Window, &mut App) -> Entity<V>,
1009    ) -> anyhow::Result<WindowHandle<V>> {
1010        self.update(|cx| {
1011            let id = cx.windows.insert(None);
1012            let handle = WindowHandle::new(id);
1013            match Window::new(handle.into(), options, cx) {
1014                Ok(mut window) => {
1015                    cx.window_update_stack.push(id);
1016                    let root_view = build_root_view(&mut window, cx);
1017                    cx.window_update_stack.pop();
1018                    window.root.replace(root_view.into());
1019                    window.defer(cx, |window: &mut Window, cx| window.appearance_changed(cx));
1020
1021                    // allow a window to draw at least once before returning
1022                    // this didn't cause any issues on non windows platforms as it seems we always won the race to on_request_frame
1023                    // on windows we quite frequently lose the race and return a window that has never rendered, which leads to a crash
1024                    // where DispatchTree::root_node_id asserts on empty nodes
1025                    let clear = window.draw(cx);
1026                    clear.clear();
1027
1028                    cx.window_handles.insert(id, window.handle);
1029                    cx.windows.get_mut(id).unwrap().replace(Box::new(window));
1030                    Ok(handle)
1031                }
1032                Err(e) => {
1033                    cx.windows.remove(id);
1034                    Err(e)
1035                }
1036            }
1037        })
1038    }
1039
1040    /// Instructs the platform to activate the application by bringing it to the foreground.
1041    pub fn activate(&self, ignoring_other_apps: bool) {
1042        self.platform.activate(ignoring_other_apps);
1043    }
1044
1045    /// Hide the application at the platform level.
1046    pub fn hide(&self) {
1047        self.platform.hide();
1048    }
1049
1050    /// Hide other applications at the platform level.
1051    pub fn hide_other_apps(&self) {
1052        self.platform.hide_other_apps();
1053    }
1054
1055    /// Unhide other applications at the platform level.
1056    pub fn unhide_other_apps(&self) {
1057        self.platform.unhide_other_apps();
1058    }
1059
1060    /// Returns the list of currently active displays.
1061    pub fn displays(&self) -> Vec<Rc<dyn PlatformDisplay>> {
1062        self.platform.displays()
1063    }
1064
1065    /// Returns the primary display that will be used for new windows.
1066    pub fn primary_display(&self) -> Option<Rc<dyn PlatformDisplay>> {
1067        self.platform.primary_display()
1068    }
1069
1070    /// Returns whether `screen_capture_sources` may work.
1071    pub fn is_screen_capture_supported(&self) -> bool {
1072        self.platform.is_screen_capture_supported()
1073    }
1074
1075    /// Returns a list of available screen capture sources.
1076    pub fn screen_capture_sources(
1077        &self,
1078    ) -> oneshot::Receiver<Result<Vec<Rc<dyn ScreenCaptureSource>>>> {
1079        self.platform.screen_capture_sources()
1080    }
1081
1082    /// Returns the display with the given ID, if one exists.
1083    pub fn find_display(&self, id: DisplayId) -> Option<Rc<dyn PlatformDisplay>> {
1084        self.displays()
1085            .iter()
1086            .find(|display| display.id() == id)
1087            .cloned()
1088    }
1089
1090    /// Returns the current thermal state of the system.
1091    pub fn thermal_state(&self) -> ThermalState {
1092        self.platform.thermal_state()
1093    }
1094
1095    /// Invokes a handler when the thermal state changes
1096    pub fn on_thermal_state_change<F>(&self, mut callback: F) -> Subscription
1097    where
1098        F: 'static + FnMut(&mut App),
1099    {
1100        let (subscription, activate) = self.thermal_state_observers.insert(
1101            (),
1102            Box::new(move |cx| {
1103                callback(cx);
1104                true
1105            }),
1106        );
1107        activate();
1108        subscription
1109    }
1110
1111    /// Returns the appearance of the application's windows.
1112    pub fn window_appearance(&self) -> WindowAppearance {
1113        self.platform.window_appearance()
1114    }
1115
1116    /// Reads data from the platform clipboard.
1117    pub fn read_from_clipboard(&self) -> Option<ClipboardItem> {
1118        self.platform.read_from_clipboard()
1119    }
1120
1121    /// Sets the text rendering mode for the application.
1122    pub fn set_text_rendering_mode(&mut self, mode: TextRenderingMode) {
1123        self.text_rendering_mode.set(mode);
1124    }
1125
1126    /// Returns the current text rendering mode for the application.
1127    pub fn text_rendering_mode(&self) -> TextRenderingMode {
1128        self.text_rendering_mode.get()
1129    }
1130
1131    /// Writes data to the platform clipboard.
1132    pub fn write_to_clipboard(&self, item: ClipboardItem) {
1133        self.platform.write_to_clipboard(item)
1134    }
1135
1136    /// Reads data from the primary selection buffer.
1137    /// Only available on Linux.
1138    #[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "freebsd"))]
1139    pub fn read_from_primary(&self) -> Option<ClipboardItem> {
1140        self.platform.read_from_primary()
1141    }
1142
1143    /// Writes data to the primary selection buffer.
1144    /// Only available on Linux.
1145    #[cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "freebsd"))]
1146    pub fn write_to_primary(&self, item: ClipboardItem) {
1147        self.platform.write_to_primary(item)
1148    }
1149
1150    /// Reads data from macOS's "Find" pasteboard.
1151    ///
1152    /// Used to share the current search string between apps.
1153    ///
1154    /// https://developer.apple.com/documentation/appkit/nspasteboard/name-swift.struct/find
1155    #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
1156    pub fn read_from_find_pasteboard(&self) -> Option<ClipboardItem> {
1157        self.platform.read_from_find_pasteboard()
1158    }
1159
1160    /// Writes data to macOS's "Find" pasteboard.
1161    ///
1162    /// Used to share the current search string between apps.
1163    ///
1164    /// https://developer.apple.com/documentation/appkit/nspasteboard/name-swift.struct/find
1165    #[cfg(target_os = "macos")]
1166    pub fn write_to_find_pasteboard(&self, item: ClipboardItem) {
1167        self.platform.write_to_find_pasteboard(item)
1168    }
1169
1170    /// Writes credentials to the platform keychain.
1171    pub fn write_credentials(
1172        &self,
1173        url: &str,
1174        username: &str,
1175        password: &[u8],
1176    ) -> Task<Result<()>> {
1177        self.platform.write_credentials(url, username, password)
1178    }
1179
1180    /// Reads credentials from the platform keychain.
1181    pub fn read_credentials(&self, url: &str) -> Task<Result<Option<(String, Vec<u8>)>>> {
1182        self.platform.read_credentials(url)
1183    }
1184
1185    /// Deletes credentials from the platform keychain.
1186    pub fn delete_credentials(&self, url: &str) -> Task<Result<()>> {
1187        self.platform.delete_credentials(url)
1188    }
1189
1190    /// Directs the platform's default browser to open the given URL.
1191    pub fn open_url(&self, url: &str) {
1192        self.platform.open_url(url);
1193    }
1194
1195    /// Registers the given URL scheme (e.g. `zed` for `zed://` urls) to be
1196    /// opened by the current app.
1197    ///
1198    /// On some platforms (e.g. macOS) you may be able to register URL schemes
1199    /// as part of app distribution, but this method exists to let you register
1200    /// schemes at runtime.
1201    pub fn register_url_scheme(&self, scheme: &str) -> Task<Result<()>> {
1202        self.platform.register_url_scheme(scheme)
1203    }
1204
1205    /// Returns the full pathname of the current app bundle.
1206    ///
1207    /// Returns an error if the app is not being run from a bundle.
1208    pub fn app_path(&self) -> Result<PathBuf> {
1209        self.platform.app_path()
1210    }
1211
1212    /// On Linux, returns the name of the compositor in use.
1213    ///
1214    /// Returns an empty string on other platforms.
1215    pub fn compositor_name(&self) -> &'static str {
1216        self.platform.compositor_name()
1217    }
1218
1219    /// Returns the file URL of the executable with the specified name in the application bundle
1220    pub fn path_for_auxiliary_executable(&self, name: &str) -> Result<PathBuf> {
1221        self.platform.path_for_auxiliary_executable(name)
1222    }
1223
1224    /// Displays a platform modal for selecting paths.
1225    ///
1226    /// When one or more paths are selected, they'll be relayed asynchronously via the returned oneshot channel.
1227    /// If cancelled, a `None` will be relayed instead.
1228    /// May return an error on Linux if the file picker couldn't be opened.
1229    pub fn prompt_for_paths(
1230        &self,
1231        options: PathPromptOptions,
1232    ) -> oneshot::Receiver<Result<Option<Vec<PathBuf>>>> {
1233        self.platform.prompt_for_paths(options)
1234    }
1235
1236    /// Displays a platform modal for selecting a new path where a file can be saved.
1237    ///
1238    /// The provided directory will be used to set the initial location.
1239    /// When a path is selected, it is relayed asynchronously via the returned oneshot channel.
1240    /// If cancelled, a `None` will be relayed instead.
1241    /// May return an error on Linux if the file picker couldn't be opened.
1242    pub fn prompt_for_new_path(
1243        &self,
1244        directory: &Path,
1245        suggested_name: Option<&str>,
1246    ) -> oneshot::Receiver<Result<Option<PathBuf>>> {
1247        self.platform.prompt_for_new_path(directory, suggested_name)
1248    }
1249
1250    /// Reveals the specified path at the platform level, such as in Finder on macOS.
1251    pub fn reveal_path(&self, path: &Path) {
1252        self.platform.reveal_path(path)
1253    }
1254
1255    /// Opens the specified path with the system's default application.
1256    pub fn open_with_system(&self, path: &Path) {
1257        self.platform.open_with_system(path)
1258    }
1259
1260    /// Returns whether the user has configured scrollbars to auto-hide at the platform level.
1261    pub fn should_auto_hide_scrollbars(&self) -> bool {
1262        self.platform.should_auto_hide_scrollbars()
1263    }
1264
1265    /// Restarts the application.
1266    pub fn restart(&mut self) {
1267        self.restart_observers
1268            .clone()
1269            .retain(&(), |observer| observer(self));
1270        self.platform.restart(self.restart_path.take())
1271    }
1272
1273    /// Sets the path to use when restarting the application.
1274    pub fn set_restart_path(&mut self, path: PathBuf) {
1275        self.restart_path = Some(path);
1276    }
1277
1278    /// Returns the HTTP client for the application.
1279    pub fn http_client(&self) -> Arc<dyn HttpClient> {
1280        self.http_client.clone()
1281    }
1282
1283    /// Sets the HTTP client for the application.
1284    pub fn set_http_client(&mut self, new_client: Arc<dyn HttpClient>) {
1285        self.http_client = new_client;
1286    }
1287
1288    /// Configures when the application should automatically quit.
1289    /// By default, [`QuitMode::Default`] is used.
1290    pub fn set_quit_mode(&mut self, mode: QuitMode) {
1291        self.quit_mode = mode;
1292    }
1293
1294    /// Returns the SVG renderer used by the application.
1295    pub fn svg_renderer(&self) -> SvgRenderer {
1296        self.svg_renderer.clone()
1297    }
1298
1299    pub(crate) fn push_effect(&mut self, effect: Effect) {
1300        match &effect {
1301            Effect::Notify { emitter } => {
1302                if !self.pending_notifications.insert(*emitter) {
1303                    return;
1304                }
1305            }
1306            Effect::NotifyGlobalObservers { global_type } => {
1307                if !self.pending_global_notifications.insert(*global_type) {
1308                    return;
1309                }
1310            }
1311            _ => {}
1312        };
1313
1314        self.pending_effects.push_back(effect);
1315    }
1316
1317    /// Called at the end of [`App::update`] to complete any side effects
1318    /// such as notifying observers, emitting events, etc. Effects can themselves
1319    /// cause effects, so we continue looping until all effects are processed.
1320    fn flush_effects(&mut self) {
1321        loop {
1322            self.release_dropped_entities();
1323            self.release_dropped_focus_handles();
1324            if let Some(effect) = self.pending_effects.pop_front() {
1325                match effect {
1326                    Effect::Notify { emitter } => {
1327                        self.apply_notify_effect(emitter);
1328                    }
1329
1330                    Effect::Emit {
1331                        emitter,
1332                        event_type,
1333                        event,
1334                    } => self.apply_emit_effect(emitter, event_type, &*event),
1335
1336                    Effect::RefreshWindows => {
1337                        self.apply_refresh_effect();
1338                    }
1339
1340                    Effect::NotifyGlobalObservers { global_type } => {
1341                        self.apply_notify_global_observers_effect(global_type);
1342                    }
1343
1344                    Effect::Defer { callback } => {
1345                        self.apply_defer_effect(callback);
1346                    }
1347                    Effect::EntityCreated {
1348                        entity,
1349                        tid,
1350                        window,
1351                    } => {
1352                        self.apply_entity_created_effect(entity, tid, window);
1353                    }
1354                }
1355            } else {
1356                #[cfg(any(test, feature = "test-support"))]
1357                for window in self
1358                    .windows
1359                    .values()
1360                    .filter_map(|window| {
1361                        let window = window.as_deref()?;
1362                        window.invalidator.is_dirty().then_some(window.handle)
1363                    })
1364                    .collect::<Vec<_>>()
1365                {
1366                    self.update_window(window, |_, window, cx| window.draw(cx).clear())
1367                        .unwrap();
1368                }
1369
1370                if self.pending_effects.is_empty() {
1371                    self.event_arena.clear();
1372                    break;
1373                }
1374            }
1375        }
1376    }
1377
1378    /// Repeatedly called during `flush_effects` to release any entities whose
1379    /// reference count has become zero. We invoke any release observers before dropping
1380    /// each entity.
1381    fn release_dropped_entities(&mut self) {
1382        loop {
1383            let dropped = self.entities.take_dropped();
1384            if dropped.is_empty() {
1385                break;
1386            }
1387
1388            for (entity_id, mut entity) in dropped {
1389                self.observers.remove(&entity_id);
1390                self.event_listeners.remove(&entity_id);
1391                for release_callback in self.release_listeners.remove(&entity_id) {
1392                    release_callback(entity.as_mut(), self);
1393                }
1394            }
1395        }
1396    }
1397
1398    /// Repeatedly called during `flush_effects` to handle a focused handle being dropped.
1399    fn release_dropped_focus_handles(&mut self) {
1400        self.focus_handles
1401            .clone()
1402            .write()
1403            .retain(|handle_id, focus| {
1404                if focus.ref_count.load(SeqCst) == 0 {
1405                    for window_handle in self.windows() {
1406                        window_handle
1407                            .update(self, |_, window, _| {
1408                                if window.focus == Some(handle_id) {
1409                                    window.blur();
1410                                }
1411                            })
1412                            .unwrap();
1413                    }
1414                    false
1415                } else {
1416                    true
1417                }
1418            });
1419    }
1420
1421    fn apply_notify_effect(&mut self, emitter: EntityId) {
1422        self.pending_notifications.remove(&emitter);
1423
1424        self.observers
1425            .clone()
1426            .retain(&emitter, |handler| handler(self));
1427    }
1428
1429    fn apply_emit_effect(&mut self, emitter: EntityId, event_type: TypeId, event: &dyn Any) {
1430        self.event_listeners
1431            .clone()
1432            .retain(&emitter, |(stored_type, handler)| {
1433                if *stored_type == event_type {
1434                    handler(event, self)
1435                } else {
1436                    true
1437                }
1438            });
1439    }
1440
1441    fn apply_refresh_effect(&mut self) {
1442        for window in self.windows.values_mut() {
1443            if let Some(window) = window.as_deref_mut() {
1444                window.refreshing = true;
1445                window.invalidator.set_dirty(true);
1446            }
1447        }
1448    }
1449
1450    fn apply_notify_global_observers_effect(&mut self, type_id: TypeId) {
1451        self.pending_global_notifications.remove(&type_id);
1452        self.global_observers
1453            .clone()
1454            .retain(&type_id, |observer| observer(self));
1455    }
1456
1457    fn apply_defer_effect(&mut self, callback: Box<dyn FnOnce(&mut Self) + 'static>) {
1458        callback(self);
1459    }
1460
1461    fn apply_entity_created_effect(
1462        &mut self,
1463        entity: AnyEntity,
1464        tid: TypeId,
1465        window: Option<WindowId>,
1466    ) {
1467        self.new_entity_observers.clone().retain(&tid, |observer| {
1468            if let Some(id) = window {
1469                self.update_window_id(id, {
1470                    let entity = entity.clone();
1471                    |_, window, cx| (observer)(entity, &mut Some(window), cx)
1472                })
1473                .expect("All windows should be off the stack when flushing effects");
1474            } else {
1475                (observer)(entity.clone(), &mut None, self)
1476            }
1477            true
1478        });
1479    }
1480
1481    fn update_window_id<T, F>(&mut self, id: WindowId, update: F) -> Result<T>
1482    where
1483        F: FnOnce(AnyView, &mut Window, &mut App) -> T,
1484    {
1485        self.update(|cx| {
1486            let mut window = cx.windows.get_mut(id)?.take()?;
1487
1488            let root_view = window.root.clone().unwrap();
1489
1490            cx.window_update_stack.push(window.handle.id);
1491            let result = update(root_view, &mut window, cx);
1492            fn trail(id: WindowId, window: Box<Window>, cx: &mut App) -> Option<()> {
1493                cx.window_update_stack.pop();
1494
1495                if window.removed {
1496                    cx.window_handles.remove(&id);
1497                    cx.windows.remove(id);
1498
1499                    cx.window_closed_observers.clone().retain(&(), |callback| {
1500                        callback(cx);
1501                        true
1502                    });
1503
1504                    let quit_on_empty = match cx.quit_mode {
1505                        QuitMode::Explicit => false,
1506                        QuitMode::LastWindowClosed => true,
1507                        QuitMode::Default => cfg!(not(target_os = "macos")),
1508                    };
1509
1510                    if quit_on_empty && cx.windows.is_empty() {
1511                        cx.quit();
1512                    }
1513                } else {
1514                    cx.windows.get_mut(id)?.replace(window);
1515                }
1516                Some(())
1517            }
1518            trail(id, window, cx)?;
1519
1520            Some(result)
1521        })
1522        .context("window not found")
1523    }
1524
1525    /// Creates an `AsyncApp`, which can be cloned and has a static lifetime
1526    /// so it can be held across `await` points.
1527    pub fn to_async(&self) -> AsyncApp {
1528        AsyncApp {
1529            app: self.this.clone(),
1530            background_executor: self.background_executor.clone(),
1531            foreground_executor: self.foreground_executor.clone(),
1532        }
1533    }
1534
1535    /// Obtains a reference to the executor, which can be used to spawn futures.
1536    pub fn background_executor(&self) -> &BackgroundExecutor {
1537        &self.background_executor
1538    }
1539
1540    /// Obtains a reference to the executor, which can be used to spawn futures.
1541    pub fn foreground_executor(&self) -> &ForegroundExecutor {
1542        if self.quitting {
1543            panic!("Can't spawn on main thread after on_app_quit")
1544        };
1545        &self.foreground_executor
1546    }
1547
1548    /// Spawns the future returned by the given function on the main thread. The closure will be invoked
1549    /// with [AsyncApp], which allows the application state to be accessed across await points.
1550    #[track_caller]
1551    pub fn spawn<AsyncFn, R>(&self, f: AsyncFn) -> Task<R>
1552    where
1553        AsyncFn: AsyncFnOnce(&mut AsyncApp) -> R + 'static,
1554        R: 'static,
1555    {
1556        if self.quitting {
1557            debug_panic!("Can't spawn on main thread after on_app_quit")
1558        };
1559
1560        let mut cx = self.to_async();
1561
1562        self.foreground_executor
1563            .spawn(async move { f(&mut cx).await }.boxed_local())
1564    }
1565
1566    /// Spawns the future returned by the given function on the main thread with
1567    /// the given priority. The closure will be invoked with [AsyncApp], which
1568    /// allows the application state to be accessed across await points.
1569    pub fn spawn_with_priority<AsyncFn, R>(&self, priority: Priority, f: AsyncFn) -> Task<R>
1570    where
1571        AsyncFn: AsyncFnOnce(&mut AsyncApp) -> R + 'static,
1572        R: 'static,
1573    {
1574        if self.quitting {
1575            debug_panic!("Can't spawn on main thread after on_app_quit")
1576        };
1577
1578        let mut cx = self.to_async();
1579
1580        self.foreground_executor
1581            .spawn_with_priority(priority, async move { f(&mut cx).await }.boxed_local())
1582    }
1583
1584    /// Schedules the given function to be run at the end of the current effect cycle, allowing entities
1585    /// that are currently on the stack to be returned to the app.
1586    pub fn defer(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut App) + 'static) {
1587        self.push_effect(Effect::Defer {
1588            callback: Box::new(f),
1589        });
1590    }
1591
1592    /// Accessor for the application's asset source, which is provided when constructing the `App`.
1593    pub fn asset_source(&self) -> &Arc<dyn AssetSource> {
1594        &self.asset_source
1595    }
1596
1597    /// Accessor for the text system.
1598    pub fn text_system(&self) -> &Arc<TextSystem> {
1599        &self.text_system
1600    }
1601
1602    /// Check whether a global of the given type has been assigned.
1603    pub fn has_global<G: Global>(&self) -> bool {
1604        self.globals_by_type.contains_key(&TypeId::of::<G>())
1605    }
1606
1607    /// Access the global of the given type. Panics if a global for that type has not been assigned.
1608    #[track_caller]
1609    pub fn global<G: Global>(&self) -> &G {
1610        self.globals_by_type
1611            .get(&TypeId::of::<G>())
1612            .map(|any_state| any_state.downcast_ref::<G>().unwrap())
1613            .with_context(|| format!("no state of type {} exists", type_name::<G>()))
1614            .unwrap()
1615    }
1616
1617    /// Access the global of the given type if a value has been assigned.
1618    pub fn try_global<G: Global>(&self) -> Option<&G> {
1619        self.globals_by_type
1620            .get(&TypeId::of::<G>())
1621            .map(|any_state| any_state.downcast_ref::<G>().unwrap())
1622    }
1623
1624    /// Access the global of the given type mutably. Panics if a global for that type has not been assigned.
1625    #[track_caller]
1626    pub fn global_mut<G: Global>(&mut self) -> &mut G {
1627        let global_type = TypeId::of::<G>();
1628        self.push_effect(Effect::NotifyGlobalObservers { global_type });
1629        self.globals_by_type
1630            .get_mut(&global_type)
1631            .and_then(|any_state| any_state.downcast_mut::<G>())
1632            .with_context(|| format!("no state of type {} exists", type_name::<G>()))
1633            .unwrap()
1634    }
1635
1636    /// Access the global of the given type mutably. A default value is assigned if a global of this type has not
1637    /// yet been assigned.
1638    pub fn default_global<G: Global + Default>(&mut self) -> &mut G {
1639        let global_type = TypeId::of::<G>();
1640        self.push_effect(Effect::NotifyGlobalObservers { global_type });
1641        self.globals_by_type
1642            .entry(global_type)
1643            .or_insert_with(|| Box::<G>::default())
1644            .downcast_mut::<G>()
1645            .unwrap()
1646    }
1647
1648    /// Sets the value of the global of the given type.
1649    pub fn set_global<G: Global>(&mut self, global: G) {
1650        let global_type = TypeId::of::<G>();
1651        self.push_effect(Effect::NotifyGlobalObservers { global_type });
1652        self.globals_by_type.insert(global_type, Box::new(global));
1653    }
1654
1655    /// Clear all stored globals. Does not notify global observers.
1656    #[cfg(any(test, feature = "test-support"))]
1657    pub fn clear_globals(&mut self) {
1658        self.globals_by_type.drain();
1659    }
1660
1661    /// Remove the global of the given type from the app context. Does not notify global observers.
1662    pub fn remove_global<G: Global>(&mut self) -> G {
1663        let global_type = TypeId::of::<G>();
1664        self.push_effect(Effect::NotifyGlobalObservers { global_type });
1665        *self
1666            .globals_by_type
1667            .remove(&global_type)
1668            .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("no global added for {}", std::any::type_name::<G>()))
1669            .downcast()
1670            .unwrap()
1671    }
1672
1673    /// Register a callback to be invoked when a global of the given type is updated.
1674    pub fn observe_global<G: Global>(
1675        &mut self,
1676        mut f: impl FnMut(&mut Self) + 'static,
1677    ) -> Subscription {
1678        let (subscription, activate) = self.global_observers.insert(
1679            TypeId::of::<G>(),
1680            Box::new(move |cx| {
1681                f(cx);
1682                true
1683            }),
1684        );
1685        self.defer(move |_| activate());
1686        subscription
1687    }
1688
1689    /// Move the global of the given type to the stack.
1690    #[track_caller]
1691    pub(crate) fn lease_global<G: Global>(&mut self) -> GlobalLease<G> {
1692        GlobalLease::new(
1693            self.globals_by_type
1694                .remove(&TypeId::of::<G>())
1695                .with_context(|| format!("no global registered of type {}", type_name::<G>()))
1696                .unwrap(),
1697        )
1698    }
1699
1700    /// Restore the global of the given type after it is moved to the stack.
1701    pub(crate) fn end_global_lease<G: Global>(&mut self, lease: GlobalLease<G>) {
1702        let global_type = TypeId::of::<G>();
1703
1704        self.push_effect(Effect::NotifyGlobalObservers { global_type });
1705        self.globals_by_type.insert(global_type, lease.global);
1706    }
1707
1708    pub(crate) fn new_entity_observer(
1709        &self,
1710        key: TypeId,
1711        value: NewEntityListener,
1712    ) -> Subscription {
1713        let (subscription, activate) = self.new_entity_observers.insert(key, value);
1714        activate();
1715        subscription
1716    }
1717
1718    /// Arrange for the given function to be invoked whenever a view of the specified type is created.
1719    /// The function will be passed a mutable reference to the view along with an appropriate context.
1720    pub fn observe_new<T: 'static>(
1721        &self,
1722        on_new: impl 'static + Fn(&mut T, Option<&mut Window>, &mut Context<T>),
1723    ) -> Subscription {
1724        self.new_entity_observer(
1725            TypeId::of::<T>(),
1726            Box::new(
1727                move |any_entity: AnyEntity, window: &mut Option<&mut Window>, cx: &mut App| {
1728                    any_entity
1729                        .downcast::<T>()
1730                        .unwrap()
1731                        .update(cx, |entity_state, cx| {
1732                            on_new(entity_state, window.as_deref_mut(), cx)
1733                        })
1734                },
1735            ),
1736        )
1737    }
1738
1739    /// Observe the release of a entity. The callback is invoked after the entity
1740    /// has no more strong references but before it has been dropped.
1741    pub fn observe_release<T>(
1742        &self,
1743        handle: &Entity<T>,
1744        on_release: impl FnOnce(&mut T, &mut App) + 'static,
1745    ) -> Subscription
1746    where
1747        T: 'static,
1748    {
1749        let (subscription, activate) = self.release_listeners.insert(
1750            handle.entity_id(),
1751            Box::new(move |entity, cx| {
1752                let entity = entity.downcast_mut().expect("invalid entity type");
1753                on_release(entity, cx)
1754            }),
1755        );
1756        activate();
1757        subscription
1758    }
1759
1760    /// Observe the release of a entity. The callback is invoked after the entity
1761    /// has no more strong references but before it has been dropped.
1762    pub fn observe_release_in<T>(
1763        &self,
1764        handle: &Entity<T>,
1765        window: &Window,
1766        on_release: impl FnOnce(&mut T, &mut Window, &mut App) + 'static,
1767    ) -> Subscription
1768    where
1769        T: 'static,
1770    {
1771        let window_handle = window.handle;
1772        self.observe_release(handle, move |entity, cx| {
1773            let _ = window_handle.update(cx, |_, window, cx| on_release(entity, window, cx));
1774        })
1775    }
1776
1777    /// Register a callback to be invoked when a keystroke is received by the application
1778    /// in any window. Note that this fires after all other action and event mechanisms have resolved
1779    /// and that this API will not be invoked if the event's propagation is stopped.
1780    pub fn observe_keystrokes(
1781        &mut self,
1782        mut f: impl FnMut(&KeystrokeEvent, &mut Window, &mut App) + 'static,
1783    ) -> Subscription {
1784        fn inner(
1785            keystroke_observers: &SubscriberSet<(), KeystrokeObserver>,
1786            handler: KeystrokeObserver,
1787        ) -> Subscription {
1788            let (subscription, activate) = keystroke_observers.insert((), handler);
1789            activate();
1790            subscription
1791        }
1792
1793        inner(
1794            &self.keystroke_observers,
1795            Box::new(move |event, window, cx| {
1796                f(event, window, cx);
1797                true
1798            }),
1799        )
1800    }
1801
1802    /// Register a callback to be invoked when a keystroke is received by the application
1803    /// in any window. Note that this fires _before_ all other action and event mechanisms have resolved
1804    /// unlike [`App::observe_keystrokes`] which fires after. This means that `cx.stop_propagation` calls
1805    /// within interceptors will prevent action dispatch
1806    pub fn intercept_keystrokes(
1807        &mut self,
1808        mut f: impl FnMut(&KeystrokeEvent, &mut Window, &mut App) + 'static,
1809    ) -> Subscription {
1810        fn inner(
1811            keystroke_interceptors: &SubscriberSet<(), KeystrokeObserver>,
1812            handler: KeystrokeObserver,
1813        ) -> Subscription {
1814            let (subscription, activate) = keystroke_interceptors.insert((), handler);
1815            activate();
1816            subscription
1817        }
1818
1819        inner(
1820            &self.keystroke_interceptors,
1821            Box::new(move |event, window, cx| {
1822                f(event, window, cx);
1823                true
1824            }),
1825        )
1826    }
1827
1828    /// Register key bindings.
1829    pub fn bind_keys(&mut self, bindings: impl IntoIterator<Item = KeyBinding>) {
1830        self.keymap.borrow_mut().add_bindings(bindings);
1831        self.pending_effects.push_back(Effect::RefreshWindows);
1832    }
1833
1834    /// Clear all key bindings in the app.
1835    pub fn clear_key_bindings(&mut self) {
1836        self.keymap.borrow_mut().clear();
1837        self.pending_effects.push_back(Effect::RefreshWindows);
1838    }
1839
1840    /// Get all key bindings in the app.
1841    pub fn key_bindings(&self) -> Rc<RefCell<Keymap>> {
1842        self.keymap.clone()
1843    }
1844
1845    /// Register a global handler for actions invoked via the keyboard. These handlers are run at
1846    /// the end of the bubble phase for actions, and so will only be invoked if there are no other
1847    /// handlers or if they called `cx.propagate()`.
1848    pub fn on_action<A: Action>(
1849        &mut self,
1850        listener: impl Fn(&A, &mut Self) + 'static,
1851    ) -> &mut Self {
1852        self.global_action_listeners
1853            .entry(TypeId::of::<A>())
1854            .or_default()
1855            .push(Rc::new(move |action, phase, cx| {
1856                if phase == DispatchPhase::Bubble {
1857                    let action = action.downcast_ref().unwrap();
1858                    listener(action, cx)
1859                }
1860            }));
1861        self
1862    }
1863
1864    /// Event handlers propagate events by default. Call this method to stop dispatching to
1865    /// event handlers with a lower z-index (mouse) or higher in the tree (keyboard). This is
1866    /// the opposite of [`Self::propagate`]. It's also possible to cancel a call to [`Self::propagate`] by
1867    /// calling this method before effects are flushed.
1868    pub fn stop_propagation(&mut self) {
1869        self.propagate_event = false;
1870    }
1871
1872    /// Action handlers stop propagation by default during the bubble phase of action dispatch
1873    /// dispatching to action handlers higher in the element tree. This is the opposite of
1874    /// [`Self::stop_propagation`]. It's also possible to cancel a call to [`Self::stop_propagation`] by calling
1875    /// this method before effects are flushed.
1876    pub fn propagate(&mut self) {
1877        self.propagate_event = true;
1878    }
1879
1880    /// Build an action from some arbitrary data, typically a keymap entry.
1881    pub fn build_action(
1882        &self,
1883        name: &str,
1884        data: Option<serde_json::Value>,
1885    ) -> std::result::Result<Box<dyn Action>, ActionBuildError> {
1886        self.actions.build_action(name, data)
1887    }
1888
1889    /// Get all action names that have been registered. Note that registration only allows for
1890    /// actions to be built dynamically, and is unrelated to binding actions in the element tree.
1891    pub fn all_action_names(&self) -> &[&'static str] {
1892        self.actions.all_action_names()
1893    }
1894
1895    /// Returns key bindings that invoke the given action on the currently focused element, without
1896    /// checking context. Bindings are returned in the order they were added. For display, the last
1897    /// binding should take precedence.
1898    pub fn all_bindings_for_input(&self, input: &[Keystroke]) -> Vec<KeyBinding> {
1899        RefCell::borrow(&self.keymap).all_bindings_for_input(input)
1900    }
1901
1902    /// Get all non-internal actions that have been registered, along with their schemas.
1903    pub fn action_schemas(
1904        &self,
1905        generator: &mut schemars::SchemaGenerator,
1906    ) -> Vec<(&'static str, Option<schemars::Schema>)> {
1907        self.actions.action_schemas(generator)
1908    }
1909
1910    /// Get the schema for a specific action by name.
1911    /// Returns `None` if the action is not found.
1912    /// Returns `Some(None)` if the action exists but has no schema.
1913    /// Returns `Some(Some(schema))` if the action exists and has a schema.
1914    pub fn action_schema_by_name(
1915        &self,
1916        name: &str,
1917        generator: &mut schemars::SchemaGenerator,
1918    ) -> Option<Option<schemars::Schema>> {
1919        self.actions.action_schema_by_name(name, generator)
1920    }
1921
1922    /// Get a map from a deprecated action name to the canonical name.
1923    pub fn deprecated_actions_to_preferred_actions(&self) -> &HashMap<&'static str, &'static str> {
1924        self.actions.deprecated_aliases()
1925    }
1926
1927    /// Get a map from an action name to the deprecation messages.
1928    pub fn action_deprecation_messages(&self) -> &HashMap<&'static str, &'static str> {
1929        self.actions.deprecation_messages()
1930    }
1931
1932    /// Get a map from an action name to the documentation.
1933    pub fn action_documentation(&self) -> &HashMap<&'static str, &'static str> {
1934        self.actions.documentation()
1935    }
1936
1937    /// Register a callback to be invoked when the application is about to quit.
1938    /// It is not possible to cancel the quit event at this point.
1939    pub fn on_app_quit<Fut>(
1940        &self,
1941        mut on_quit: impl FnMut(&mut App) -> Fut + 'static,
1942    ) -> Subscription
1943    where
1944        Fut: 'static + Future<Output = ()>,
1945    {
1946        let (subscription, activate) = self.quit_observers.insert(
1947            (),
1948            Box::new(move |cx| {
1949                let future = on_quit(cx);
1950                future.boxed_local()
1951            }),
1952        );
1953        activate();
1954        subscription
1955    }
1956
1957    /// Register a callback to be invoked when the application is about to restart.
1958    ///
1959    /// These callbacks are called before any `on_app_quit` callbacks.
1960    pub fn on_app_restart(&self, mut on_restart: impl 'static + FnMut(&mut App)) -> Subscription {
1961        let (subscription, activate) = self.restart_observers.insert(
1962            (),
1963            Box::new(move |cx| {
1964                on_restart(cx);
1965                true
1966            }),
1967        );
1968        activate();
1969        subscription
1970    }
1971
1972    /// Register a callback to be invoked when a window is closed
1973    /// The window is no longer accessible at the point this callback is invoked.
1974    pub fn on_window_closed(&self, mut on_closed: impl FnMut(&mut App) + 'static) -> Subscription {
1975        let (subscription, activate) = self.window_closed_observers.insert((), Box::new(on_closed));
1976        activate();
1977        subscription
1978    }
1979
1980    pub(crate) fn clear_pending_keystrokes(&mut self) {
1981        for window in self.windows() {
1982            window
1983                .update(self, |_, window, cx| {
1984                    if window.pending_input_keystrokes().is_some() {
1985                        window.clear_pending_keystrokes();
1986                        window.pending_input_changed(cx);
1987                    }
1988                })
1989                .ok();
1990        }
1991    }
1992
1993    /// Checks if the given action is bound in the current context, as defined by the app's current focus,
1994    /// the bindings in the element tree, and any global action listeners.
1995    pub fn is_action_available(&mut self, action: &dyn Action) -> bool {
1996        let mut action_available = false;
1997        if let Some(window) = self.active_window()
1998            && let Ok(window_action_available) =
1999                window.update(self, |_, window, cx| window.is_action_available(action, cx))
2000        {
2001            action_available = window_action_available;
2002        }
2003
2004        action_available
2005            || self
2006                .global_action_listeners
2007                .contains_key(&action.as_any().type_id())
2008    }
2009
2010    /// Sets the menu bar for this application. This will replace any existing menu bar.
2011    pub fn set_menus(&self, menus: Vec<Menu>) {
2012        self.platform.set_menus(menus, &self.keymap.borrow());
2013    }
2014
2015    /// Gets the menu bar for this application.
2016    pub fn get_menus(&self) -> Option<Vec<OwnedMenu>> {
2017        self.platform.get_menus()
2018    }
2019
2020    /// Sets the right click menu for the app icon in the dock
2021    pub fn set_dock_menu(&self, menus: Vec<MenuItem>) {
2022        self.platform.set_dock_menu(menus, &self.keymap.borrow())
2023    }
2024
2025    /// Performs the action associated with the given dock menu item, only used on Windows for now.
2026    pub fn perform_dock_menu_action(&self, action: usize) {
2027        self.platform.perform_dock_menu_action(action);
2028    }
2029
2030    /// Adds given path to the bottom of the list of recent paths for the application.
2031    /// The list is usually shown on the application icon's context menu in the dock,
2032    /// and allows to open the recent files via that context menu.
2033    /// If the path is already in the list, it will be moved to the bottom of the list.
2034    pub fn add_recent_document(&self, path: &Path) {
2035        self.platform.add_recent_document(path);
2036    }
2037
2038    /// Updates the jump list with the updated list of recent paths for the application, only used on Windows for now.
2039    /// Note that this also sets the dock menu on Windows.
2040    pub fn update_jump_list(
2041        &self,
2042        menus: Vec<MenuItem>,
2043        entries: Vec<SmallVec<[PathBuf; 2]>>,
2044    ) -> Task<Vec<SmallVec<[PathBuf; 2]>>> {
2045        self.platform.update_jump_list(menus, entries)
2046    }
2047
2048    /// Dispatch an action to the currently active window or global action handler
2049    /// See [`crate::Action`] for more information on how actions work
2050    pub fn dispatch_action(&mut self, action: &dyn Action) {
2051        if let Some(active_window) = self.active_window() {
2052            active_window
2053                .update(self, |_, window, cx| {
2054                    window.dispatch_action(action.boxed_clone(), cx)
2055                })
2056                .log_err();
2057        } else {
2058            self.dispatch_global_action(action);
2059        }
2060    }
2061
2062    fn dispatch_global_action(&mut self, action: &dyn Action) {
2063        self.propagate_event = true;
2064
2065        if let Some(mut global_listeners) = self
2066            .global_action_listeners
2067            .remove(&action.as_any().type_id())
2068        {
2069            for listener in &global_listeners {
2070                listener(action.as_any(), DispatchPhase::Capture, self);
2071                if !self.propagate_event {
2072                    break;
2073                }
2074            }
2075
2076            global_listeners.extend(
2077                self.global_action_listeners
2078                    .remove(&action.as_any().type_id())
2079                    .unwrap_or_default(),
2080            );
2081
2082            self.global_action_listeners
2083                .insert(action.as_any().type_id(), global_listeners);
2084        }
2085
2086        if self.propagate_event
2087            && let Some(mut global_listeners) = self
2088                .global_action_listeners
2089                .remove(&action.as_any().type_id())
2090        {
2091            for listener in global_listeners.iter().rev() {
2092                listener(action.as_any(), DispatchPhase::Bubble, self);
2093                if !self.propagate_event {
2094                    break;
2095                }
2096            }
2097
2098            global_listeners.extend(
2099                self.global_action_listeners
2100                    .remove(&action.as_any().type_id())
2101                    .unwrap_or_default(),
2102            );
2103
2104            self.global_action_listeners
2105                .insert(action.as_any().type_id(), global_listeners);
2106        }
2107    }
2108
2109    /// Is there currently something being dragged?
2110    pub fn has_active_drag(&self) -> bool {
2111        self.active_drag.is_some()
2112    }
2113
2114    /// Gets the cursor style of the currently active drag operation.
2115    pub fn active_drag_cursor_style(&self) -> Option<CursorStyle> {
2116        self.active_drag.as_ref().and_then(|drag| drag.cursor_style)
2117    }
2118
2119    /// Stops active drag and clears any related effects.
2120    pub fn stop_active_drag(&mut self, window: &mut Window) -> bool {
2121        if self.active_drag.is_some() {
2122            self.active_drag = None;
2123            window.refresh();
2124            true
2125        } else {
2126            false
2127        }
2128    }
2129
2130    /// Sets the cursor style for the currently active drag operation.
2131    pub fn set_active_drag_cursor_style(
2132        &mut self,
2133        cursor_style: CursorStyle,
2134        window: &mut Window,
2135    ) -> bool {
2136        if let Some(ref mut drag) = self.active_drag {
2137            drag.cursor_style = Some(cursor_style);
2138            window.refresh();
2139            true
2140        } else {
2141            false
2142        }
2143    }
2144
2145    /// Set the prompt renderer for GPUI. This will replace the default or platform specific
2146    /// prompts with this custom implementation.
2147    pub fn set_prompt_builder(
2148        &mut self,
2149        renderer: impl Fn(
2150            PromptLevel,
2151            &str,
2152            Option<&str>,
2153            &[PromptButton],
2154            PromptHandle,
2155            &mut Window,
2156            &mut App,
2157        ) -> RenderablePromptHandle
2158        + 'static,
2159    ) {
2160        self.prompt_builder = Some(PromptBuilder::Custom(Box::new(renderer)));
2161    }
2162
2163    /// Reset the prompt builder to the default implementation.
2164    pub fn reset_prompt_builder(&mut self) {
2165        self.prompt_builder = Some(PromptBuilder::Default);
2166    }
2167
2168    /// Remove an asset from GPUI's cache
2169    pub fn remove_asset<A: Asset>(&mut self, source: &A::Source) {
2170        let asset_id = (TypeId::of::<A>(), hash(source));
2171        self.loading_assets.remove(&asset_id);
2172    }
2173
2174    /// Asynchronously load an asset, if the asset hasn't finished loading this will return None.
2175    ///
2176    /// Note that the multiple calls to this method will only result in one `Asset::load` call at a
2177    /// time, and the results of this call will be cached
2178    pub fn fetch_asset<A: Asset>(&mut self, source: &A::Source) -> (Shared<Task<A::Output>>, bool) {
2179        let asset_id = (TypeId::of::<A>(), hash(source));
2180        let mut is_first = false;
2181        let task = self
2182            .loading_assets
2183            .remove(&asset_id)
2184            .map(|boxed_task| *boxed_task.downcast::<Shared<Task<A::Output>>>().unwrap())
2185            .unwrap_or_else(|| {
2186                is_first = true;
2187                let future = A::load(source.clone(), self);
2188
2189                self.background_executor().spawn(future).shared()
2190            });
2191
2192        self.loading_assets.insert(asset_id, Box::new(task.clone()));
2193
2194        (task, is_first)
2195    }
2196
2197    /// Obtain a new [`FocusHandle`], which allows you to track and manipulate the keyboard focus
2198    /// for elements rendered within this window.
2199    #[track_caller]
2200    pub fn focus_handle(&self) -> FocusHandle {
2201        FocusHandle::new(&self.focus_handles)
2202    }
2203
2204    /// Tell GPUI that an entity has changed and observers of it should be notified.
2205    pub fn notify(&mut self, entity_id: EntityId) {
2206        let window_invalidators = mem::take(
2207            self.window_invalidators_by_entity
2208                .entry(entity_id)
2209                .or_default(),
2210        );
2211
2212        if window_invalidators.is_empty() {
2213            if self.pending_notifications.insert(entity_id) {
2214                self.pending_effects
2215                    .push_back(Effect::Notify { emitter: entity_id });
2216            }
2217        } else {
2218            for invalidator in window_invalidators.values() {
2219                invalidator.invalidate_view(entity_id, self);
2220            }
2221        }
2222
2223        self.window_invalidators_by_entity
2224            .insert(entity_id, window_invalidators);
2225    }
2226
2227    /// Returns the name for this [`App`].
2228    #[cfg(any(test, feature = "test-support", debug_assertions))]
2229    pub fn get_name(&self) -> Option<&'static str> {
2230        self.name
2231    }
2232
2233    /// Returns `true` if the platform file picker supports selecting a mix of files and directories.
2234    pub fn can_select_mixed_files_and_dirs(&self) -> bool {
2235        self.platform.can_select_mixed_files_and_dirs()
2236    }
2237
2238    /// Removes an image from the sprite atlas on all windows.
2239    ///
2240    /// If the current window is being updated, it will be removed from `App.windows`, you can use `current_window` to specify the current window.
2241    /// This is a no-op if the image is not in the sprite atlas.
2242    pub fn drop_image(&mut self, image: Arc<RenderImage>, current_window: Option<&mut Window>) {
2243        // remove the texture from all other windows
2244        for window in self.windows.values_mut().flatten() {
2245            _ = window.drop_image(image.clone());
2246        }
2247
2248        // remove the texture from the current window
2249        if let Some(window) = current_window {
2250            _ = window.drop_image(image);
2251        }
2252    }
2253
2254    /// Sets the renderer for the inspector.
2255    #[cfg(any(feature = "inspector", debug_assertions))]
2256    pub fn set_inspector_renderer(&mut self, f: crate::InspectorRenderer) {
2257        self.inspector_renderer = Some(f);
2258    }
2259
2260    /// Registers a renderer specific to an inspector state.
2261    #[cfg(any(feature = "inspector", debug_assertions))]
2262    pub fn register_inspector_element<T: 'static, R: crate::IntoElement>(
2263        &mut self,
2264        f: impl 'static + Fn(crate::InspectorElementId, &T, &mut Window, &mut App) -> R,
2265    ) {
2266        self.inspector_element_registry.register(f);
2267    }
2268
2269    /// Initializes gpui's default colors for the application.
2270    ///
2271    /// These colors can be accessed through `cx.default_colors()`.
2272    pub fn init_colors(&mut self) {
2273        self.set_global(GlobalColors(Arc::new(Colors::default())));
2274    }
2275}
2276
2277impl AppContext for App {
2278    /// Builds an entity that is owned by the application.
2279    ///
2280    /// The given function will be invoked with a [`Context`] and must return an object representing the entity. An
2281    /// [`Entity`] handle will be returned, which can be used to access the entity in a context.
2282    fn new<T: 'static>(&mut self, build_entity: impl FnOnce(&mut Context<T>) -> T) -> Entity<T> {
2283        self.update(|cx| {
2284            let slot = cx.entities.reserve();
2285            let handle = slot.clone();
2286            let entity = build_entity(&mut Context::new_context(cx, slot.downgrade()));
2287
2288            cx.push_effect(Effect::EntityCreated {
2289                entity: handle.clone().into_any(),
2290                tid: TypeId::of::<T>(),
2291                window: cx.window_update_stack.last().cloned(),
2292            });
2293
2294            cx.entities.insert(slot, entity);
2295            handle
2296        })
2297    }
2298
2299    fn reserve_entity<T: 'static>(&mut self) -> Reservation<T> {
2300        Reservation(self.entities.reserve())
2301    }
2302
2303    fn insert_entity<T: 'static>(
2304        &mut self,
2305        reservation: Reservation<T>,
2306        build_entity: impl FnOnce(&mut Context<T>) -> T,
2307    ) -> Entity<T> {
2308        self.update(|cx| {
2309            let slot = reservation.0;
2310            let entity = build_entity(&mut Context::new_context(cx, slot.downgrade()));
2311            cx.entities.insert(slot, entity)
2312        })
2313    }
2314
2315    /// Updates the entity referenced by the given handle. The function is passed a mutable reference to the
2316    /// entity along with a `Context` for the entity.
2317    fn update_entity<T: 'static, R>(
2318        &mut self,
2319        handle: &Entity<T>,
2320        update: impl FnOnce(&mut T, &mut Context<T>) -> R,
2321    ) -> R {
2322        self.update(|cx| {
2323            let mut entity = cx.entities.lease(handle);
2324            let result = update(
2325                &mut entity,
2326                &mut Context::new_context(cx, handle.downgrade()),
2327            );
2328            cx.entities.end_lease(entity);
2329            result
2330        })
2331    }
2332
2333    fn as_mut<'a, T>(&'a mut self, handle: &Entity<T>) -> GpuiBorrow<'a, T>
2334    where
2335        T: 'static,
2336    {
2337        GpuiBorrow::new(handle.clone(), self)
2338    }
2339
2340    fn read_entity<T, R>(&self, handle: &Entity<T>, read: impl FnOnce(&T, &App) -> R) -> R
2341    where
2342        T: 'static,
2343    {
2344        let entity = self.entities.read(handle);
2345        read(entity, self)
2346    }
2347
2348    fn update_window<T, F>(&mut self, handle: AnyWindowHandle, update: F) -> Result<T>
2349    where
2350        F: FnOnce(AnyView, &mut Window, &mut App) -> T,
2351    {
2352        self.update_window_id(handle.id, update)
2353    }
2354
2355    fn read_window<T, R>(
2356        &self,
2357        window: &WindowHandle<T>,
2358        read: impl FnOnce(Entity<T>, &App) -> R,
2359    ) -> Result<R>
2360    where
2361        T: 'static,
2362    {
2363        let window = self
2364            .windows
2365            .get(window.id)
2366            .context("window not found")?
2367            .as_deref()
2368            .expect("attempted to read a window that is already on the stack");
2369
2370        let root_view = window.root.clone().unwrap();
2371        let view = root_view
2372            .downcast::<T>()
2373            .map_err(|_| anyhow!("root view's type has changed"))?;
2374
2375        Ok(read(view, self))
2376    }
2377
2378    fn background_spawn<R>(&self, future: impl Future<Output = R> + Send + 'static) -> Task<R>
2379    where
2380        R: Send + 'static,
2381    {
2382        self.background_executor.spawn(future)
2383    }
2384
2385    fn read_global<G, R>(&self, callback: impl FnOnce(&G, &App) -> R) -> R
2386    where
2387        G: Global,
2388    {
2389        let mut g = self.global::<G>();
2390        callback(g, self)
2391    }
2392}
2393
2394/// These effects are processed at the end of each application update cycle.
2395pub(crate) enum Effect {
2396    Notify {
2397        emitter: EntityId,
2398    },
2399    Emit {
2400        emitter: EntityId,
2401        event_type: TypeId,
2402        event: ArenaBox<dyn Any>,
2403    },
2404    RefreshWindows,
2405    NotifyGlobalObservers {
2406        global_type: TypeId,
2407    },
2408    Defer {
2409        callback: Box<dyn FnOnce(&mut App) + 'static>,
2410    },
2411    EntityCreated {
2412        entity: AnyEntity,
2413        tid: TypeId,
2414        window: Option<WindowId>,
2415    },
2416}
2417
2418impl std::fmt::Debug for Effect {
2419    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
2420        match self {
2421            Effect::Notify { emitter } => write!(f, "Notify({})", emitter),
2422            Effect::Emit { emitter, .. } => write!(f, "Emit({:?})", emitter),
2423            Effect::RefreshWindows => write!(f, "RefreshWindows"),
2424            Effect::NotifyGlobalObservers { global_type } => {
2425                write!(f, "NotifyGlobalObservers({:?})", global_type)
2426            }
2427            Effect::Defer { .. } => write!(f, "Defer(..)"),
2428            Effect::EntityCreated { entity, .. } => write!(f, "EntityCreated({:?})", entity),
2429        }
2430    }
2431}
2432
2433/// Wraps a global variable value during `update_global` while the value has been moved to the stack.
2434pub(crate) struct GlobalLease<G: Global> {
2435    global: Box<dyn Any>,
2436    global_type: PhantomData<G>,
2437}
2438
2439impl<G: Global> GlobalLease<G> {
2440    fn new(global: Box<dyn Any>) -> Self {
2441        GlobalLease {
2442            global,
2443            global_type: PhantomData,
2444        }
2445    }
2446}
2447
2448impl<G: Global> Deref for GlobalLease<G> {
2449    type Target = G;
2450
2451    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
2452        self.global.downcast_ref().unwrap()
2453    }
2454}
2455
2456impl<G: Global> DerefMut for GlobalLease<G> {
2457    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
2458        self.global.downcast_mut().unwrap()
2459    }
2460}
2461
2462/// Contains state associated with an active drag operation, started by dragging an element
2463/// within the window or by dragging into the app from the underlying platform.
2464pub struct AnyDrag {
2465    /// The view used to render this drag
2466    pub view: AnyView,
2467
2468    /// The value of the dragged item, to be dropped
2469    pub value: Arc<dyn Any>,
2470
2471    /// This is used to render the dragged item in the same place
2472    /// on the original element that the drag was initiated
2473    pub cursor_offset: Point<Pixels>,
2474
2475    /// The cursor style to use while dragging
2476    pub cursor_style: Option<CursorStyle>,
2477}
2478
2479/// Contains state associated with a tooltip. You'll only need this struct if you're implementing
2480/// tooltip behavior on a custom element. Otherwise, use [Div::tooltip](crate::Interactivity::tooltip).
2481#[derive(Clone)]
2482pub struct AnyTooltip {
2483    /// The view used to display the tooltip
2484    pub view: AnyView,
2485
2486    /// The absolute position of the mouse when the tooltip was deployed.
2487    pub mouse_position: Point<Pixels>,
2488
2489    /// Given the bounds of the tooltip, checks whether the tooltip should still be visible and
2490    /// updates its state accordingly. This is needed atop the hovered element's mouse move handler
2491    /// to handle the case where the element is not painted (e.g. via use of `visible_on_hover`).
2492    pub check_visible_and_update: Rc<dyn Fn(Bounds<Pixels>, &mut Window, &mut App) -> bool>,
2493}
2494
2495/// A keystroke event, and potentially the associated action
2496#[derive(Debug)]
2497pub struct KeystrokeEvent {
2498    /// The keystroke that occurred
2499    pub keystroke: Keystroke,
2500
2501    /// The action that was resolved for the keystroke, if any
2502    pub action: Option<Box<dyn Action>>,
2503
2504    /// The context stack at the time
2505    pub context_stack: Vec<KeyContext>,
2506}
2507
2508struct NullHttpClient;
2509
2510impl HttpClient for NullHttpClient {
2511    fn send(
2512        &self,
2513        _req: http_client::Request<http_client::AsyncBody>,
2514    ) -> futures::future::BoxFuture<
2515        'static,
2516        anyhow::Result<http_client::Response<http_client::AsyncBody>>,
2517    > {
2518        async move {
2519            anyhow::bail!("No HttpClient available");
2520        }
2521        .boxed()
2522    }
2523
2524    fn user_agent(&self) -> Option<&http_client::http::HeaderValue> {
2525        None
2526    }
2527
2528    fn proxy(&self) -> Option<&Url> {
2529        None
2530    }
2531}
2532
2533/// A mutable reference to an entity owned by GPUI
2534pub struct GpuiBorrow<'a, T> {
2535    inner: Option<Lease<T>>,
2536    app: &'a mut App,
2537}
2538
2539impl<'a, T: 'static> GpuiBorrow<'a, T> {
2540    fn new(inner: Entity<T>, app: &'a mut App) -> Self {
2541        app.start_update();
2542        let lease = app.entities.lease(&inner);
2543        Self {
2544            inner: Some(lease),
2545            app,
2546        }
2547    }
2548}
2549
2550impl<'a, T: 'static> std::borrow::Borrow<T> for GpuiBorrow<'a, T> {
2551    fn borrow(&self) -> &T {
2552        self.inner.as_ref().unwrap().borrow()
2553    }
2554}
2555
2556impl<'a, T: 'static> std::borrow::BorrowMut<T> for GpuiBorrow<'a, T> {
2557    fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T {
2558        self.inner.as_mut().unwrap().borrow_mut()
2559    }
2560}
2561
2562impl<'a, T: 'static> std::ops::Deref for GpuiBorrow<'a, T> {
2563    type Target = T;
2564
2565    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
2566        self.inner.as_ref().unwrap()
2567    }
2568}
2569
2570impl<'a, T: 'static> std::ops::DerefMut for GpuiBorrow<'a, T> {
2571    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T {
2572        self.inner.as_mut().unwrap()
2573    }
2574}
2575
2576impl<'a, T> Drop for GpuiBorrow<'a, T> {
2577    fn drop(&mut self) {
2578        let lease = self.inner.take().unwrap();
2579        self.app.notify(lease.id);
2580        self.app.entities.end_lease(lease);
2581        self.app.finish_update();
2582    }
2583}
2584
2585impl Drop for App {
2586    fn drop(&mut self) {
2587        self.foreground_executor.close();
2588        self.background_executor.close();
2589    }
2590}
2591
2592#[cfg(test)]
2593mod test {
2594    use std::{cell::RefCell, rc::Rc};
2595
2596    use crate::{AppContext, TestAppContext};
2597
2598    #[test]
2599    fn test_gpui_borrow() {
2600        let cx = TestAppContext::single();
2601        let observation_count = Rc::new(RefCell::new(0));
2602
2603        let state = cx.update(|cx| {
2604            let state = cx.new(|_| false);
2605            cx.observe(&state, {
2606                let observation_count = observation_count.clone();
2607                move |_, _| {
2608                    let mut count = observation_count.borrow_mut();
2609                    *count += 1;
2610                }
2611            })
2612            .detach();
2613
2614            state
2615        });
2616
2617        cx.update(|cx| {
2618            // Calling this like this so that we don't clobber the borrow_mut above
2619            *std::borrow::BorrowMut::borrow_mut(&mut state.as_mut(cx)) = true;
2620        });
2621
2622        cx.update(|cx| {
2623            state.write(cx, false);
2624        });
2625
2626        assert_eq!(*observation_count.borrow(), 2);
2627    }
2628}