app.rs

   1mod async_context;
   2mod entity_map;
   3mod model_context;
   4#[cfg(any(test, feature = "test-support"))]
   5mod test_context;
   6
   7pub use async_context::*;
   8use derive_more::{Deref, DerefMut};
   9pub use entity_map::*;
  10pub use model_context::*;
  11use refineable::Refineable;
  12use smol::future::FutureExt;
  13#[cfg(any(test, feature = "test-support"))]
  14pub use test_context::*;
  15use time::UtcOffset;
  16
  17use crate::{
  18    current_platform, image_cache::ImageCache, init_app_menus, Action, ActionRegistry, Any,
  19    AnyView, AnyWindowHandle, AppMetadata, AssetSource, BackgroundExecutor, ClipboardItem, Context,
  20    DispatchPhase, DisplayId, Entity, EventEmitter, ForegroundExecutor, KeyBinding, Keymap,
  21    Keystroke, LayoutId, Menu, PathPromptOptions, Pixels, Platform, PlatformDisplay, Point, Render,
  22    SharedString, SubscriberSet, Subscription, SvgRenderer, Task, TextStyle, TextStyleRefinement,
  23    TextSystem, View, ViewContext, Window, WindowContext, WindowHandle, WindowId,
  24};
  25use anyhow::{anyhow, Result};
  26use collections::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet, VecDeque};
  27use futures::{channel::oneshot, future::LocalBoxFuture, Future};
  28use parking_lot::Mutex;
  29use slotmap::SlotMap;
  30use std::{
  31    any::{type_name, TypeId},
  32    cell::{Ref, RefCell, RefMut},
  33    marker::PhantomData,
  34    mem,
  35    ops::{Deref, DerefMut},
  36    path::{Path, PathBuf},
  37    rc::{Rc, Weak},
  38    sync::{atomic::Ordering::SeqCst, Arc},
  39    time::Duration,
  40};
  41use util::{
  42    http::{self, HttpClient},
  43    ResultExt,
  44};
  45
  46/// Temporary(?) wrapper around [`RefCell<AppContext>`] to help us debug any double borrows.
  47/// Strongly consider removing after stabilization.
  48#[doc(hidden)]
  49pub struct AppCell {
  50    app: RefCell<AppContext>,
  51}
  52
  53impl AppCell {
  54    #[doc(hidden)]
  55    #[track_caller]
  56    pub fn borrow(&self) -> AppRef {
  57        if option_env!("TRACK_THREAD_BORROWS").is_some() {
  58            let thread_id = std::thread::current().id();
  59            eprintln!("borrowed {thread_id:?}");
  60        }
  61        AppRef(self.app.borrow())
  62    }
  63
  64    #[doc(hidden)]
  65    #[track_caller]
  66    pub fn borrow_mut(&self) -> AppRefMut {
  67        if option_env!("TRACK_THREAD_BORROWS").is_some() {
  68            let thread_id = std::thread::current().id();
  69            eprintln!("borrowed {thread_id:?}");
  70        }
  71        AppRefMut(self.app.borrow_mut())
  72    }
  73}
  74
  75#[doc(hidden)]
  76#[derive(Deref, DerefMut)]
  77pub struct AppRef<'a>(Ref<'a, AppContext>);
  78
  79impl<'a> Drop for AppRef<'a> {
  80    fn drop(&mut self) {
  81        if option_env!("TRACK_THREAD_BORROWS").is_some() {
  82            let thread_id = std::thread::current().id();
  83            eprintln!("dropped borrow from {thread_id:?}");
  84        }
  85    }
  86}
  87
  88#[doc(hidden)]
  89#[derive(Deref, DerefMut)]
  90pub struct AppRefMut<'a>(RefMut<'a, AppContext>);
  91
  92impl<'a> Drop for AppRefMut<'a> {
  93    fn drop(&mut self) {
  94        if option_env!("TRACK_THREAD_BORROWS").is_some() {
  95            let thread_id = std::thread::current().id();
  96            eprintln!("dropped {thread_id:?}");
  97        }
  98    }
  99}
 100
 101/// A reference to a GPUI application, typically constructed in the `main` function of your app.
 102/// You won't interact with this type much outside of initial configuration and startup.
 103pub struct App(Rc<AppCell>);
 104
 105/// Represents an application before it is fully launched. Once your app is
 106/// configured, you'll start the app with `App::run`.
 107impl App {
 108    /// Builds an app with the given asset source.
 109    pub fn production(asset_source: Arc<dyn AssetSource>) -> Self {
 110        Self(AppContext::new(
 111            current_platform(),
 112            asset_source,
 113            http::client(),
 114        ))
 115    }
 116
 117    /// Start the application. The provided callback will be called once the
 118    /// app is fully launched.
 119    pub fn run<F>(self, on_finish_launching: F)
 120    where
 121        F: 'static + FnOnce(&mut AppContext),
 122    {
 123        let this = self.0.clone();
 124        let platform = self.0.borrow().platform.clone();
 125        platform.run(Box::new(move || {
 126            let cx = &mut *this.borrow_mut();
 127            on_finish_launching(cx);
 128        }));
 129    }
 130
 131    /// Register a handler to be invoked when the platform instructs the application
 132    /// to open one or more URLs.
 133    pub fn on_open_urls<F>(&self, mut callback: F) -> &Self
 134    where
 135        F: 'static + FnMut(Vec<String>, &mut AppContext),
 136    {
 137        let this = Rc::downgrade(&self.0);
 138        self.0.borrow().platform.on_open_urls(Box::new(move |urls| {
 139            if let Some(app) = this.upgrade() {
 140                callback(urls, &mut app.borrow_mut());
 141            }
 142        }));
 143        self
 144    }
 145
 146    /// Invokes a handler when an already-running application is launched.
 147    /// On macOS, this can occur when the application icon is double-clicked or the app is launched via the dock.
 148    pub fn on_reopen<F>(&self, mut callback: F) -> &Self
 149    where
 150        F: 'static + FnMut(&mut AppContext),
 151    {
 152        let this = Rc::downgrade(&self.0);
 153        self.0.borrow_mut().platform.on_reopen(Box::new(move || {
 154            if let Some(app) = this.upgrade() {
 155                callback(&mut app.borrow_mut());
 156            }
 157        }));
 158        self
 159    }
 160
 161    /// Returns metadata associated with the application
 162    pub fn metadata(&self) -> AppMetadata {
 163        self.0.borrow().app_metadata.clone()
 164    }
 165
 166    /// Returns a handle to the [`BackgroundExecutor`] associated with this app, which can be used to spawn futures in the background.
 167    pub fn background_executor(&self) -> BackgroundExecutor {
 168        self.0.borrow().background_executor.clone()
 169    }
 170
 171    /// Returns a handle to the [`ForegroundExecutor`] associated with this app, which can be used to spawn futures in the foreground.
 172    pub fn foreground_executor(&self) -> ForegroundExecutor {
 173        self.0.borrow().foreground_executor.clone()
 174    }
 175
 176    /// Returns a reference to the [`TextSystem`] associated with this app.
 177    pub fn text_system(&self) -> Arc<TextSystem> {
 178        self.0.borrow().text_system.clone()
 179    }
 180}
 181
 182pub(crate) type FrameCallback = Box<dyn FnOnce(&mut AppContext)>;
 183type Handler = Box<dyn FnMut(&mut AppContext) -> bool + 'static>;
 184type Listener = Box<dyn FnMut(&dyn Any, &mut AppContext) -> bool + 'static>;
 185type KeystrokeObserver = Box<dyn FnMut(&KeystrokeEvent, &mut WindowContext) + 'static>;
 186type QuitHandler = Box<dyn FnOnce(&mut AppContext) -> LocalBoxFuture<'static, ()> + 'static>;
 187type ReleaseListener = Box<dyn FnOnce(&mut dyn Any, &mut AppContext) + 'static>;
 188type NewViewListener = Box<dyn FnMut(AnyView, &mut WindowContext) + 'static>;
 189
 190pub struct AppContext {
 191    pub(crate) this: Weak<AppCell>,
 192    pub(crate) platform: Rc<dyn Platform>,
 193    app_metadata: AppMetadata,
 194    text_system: Arc<TextSystem>,
 195    flushing_effects: bool,
 196    pending_updates: usize,
 197    pub(crate) actions: Rc<ActionRegistry>,
 198    pub(crate) active_drag: Option<AnyDrag>,
 199    pub(crate) active_tooltip: Option<AnyTooltip>,
 200    pub(crate) next_frame_callbacks: FxHashMap<DisplayId, Vec<FrameCallback>>,
 201    pub(crate) frame_consumers: FxHashMap<DisplayId, Task<()>>,
 202    pub(crate) background_executor: BackgroundExecutor,
 203    pub(crate) foreground_executor: ForegroundExecutor,
 204    pub(crate) svg_renderer: SvgRenderer,
 205    asset_source: Arc<dyn AssetSource>,
 206    pub(crate) image_cache: ImageCache,
 207    pub(crate) text_style_stack: Vec<TextStyleRefinement>,
 208    pub(crate) globals_by_type: FxHashMap<TypeId, Box<dyn Any>>,
 209    pub(crate) entities: EntityMap,
 210    pub(crate) new_view_observers: SubscriberSet<TypeId, NewViewListener>,
 211    pub(crate) windows: SlotMap<WindowId, Option<Window>>,
 212    pub(crate) keymap: Arc<Mutex<Keymap>>,
 213    pub(crate) global_action_listeners:
 214        FxHashMap<TypeId, Vec<Rc<dyn Fn(&dyn Any, DispatchPhase, &mut Self)>>>,
 215    pending_effects: VecDeque<Effect>,
 216    pub(crate) pending_notifications: FxHashSet<EntityId>,
 217    pub(crate) pending_global_notifications: FxHashSet<TypeId>,
 218    pub(crate) observers: SubscriberSet<EntityId, Handler>,
 219    // TypeId is the type of the event that the listener callback expects
 220    pub(crate) event_listeners: SubscriberSet<EntityId, (TypeId, Listener)>,
 221    pub(crate) keystroke_observers: SubscriberSet<(), KeystrokeObserver>,
 222    pub(crate) release_listeners: SubscriberSet<EntityId, ReleaseListener>,
 223    pub(crate) global_observers: SubscriberSet<TypeId, Handler>,
 224    pub(crate) quit_observers: SubscriberSet<(), QuitHandler>,
 225    pub(crate) layout_id_buffer: Vec<LayoutId>, // We recycle this memory across layout requests.
 226    pub(crate) propagate_event: bool,
 227}
 228
 229impl AppContext {
 230    pub(crate) fn new(
 231        platform: Rc<dyn Platform>,
 232        asset_source: Arc<dyn AssetSource>,
 233        http_client: Arc<dyn HttpClient>,
 234    ) -> Rc<AppCell> {
 235        let executor = platform.background_executor();
 236        let foreground_executor = platform.foreground_executor();
 237        assert!(
 238            executor.is_main_thread(),
 239            "must construct App on main thread"
 240        );
 241
 242        let text_system = Arc::new(TextSystem::new(platform.text_system()));
 243        let entities = EntityMap::new();
 244
 245        let app_metadata = AppMetadata {
 246            os_name: platform.os_name(),
 247            os_version: platform.os_version().ok(),
 248            app_version: platform.app_version().ok(),
 249        };
 250
 251        let app = Rc::new_cyclic(|this| AppCell {
 252            app: RefCell::new(AppContext {
 253                this: this.clone(),
 254                platform: platform.clone(),
 255                app_metadata,
 256                text_system,
 257                actions: Rc::new(ActionRegistry::default()),
 258                flushing_effects: false,
 259                pending_updates: 0,
 260                active_drag: None,
 261                active_tooltip: None,
 262                next_frame_callbacks: FxHashMap::default(),
 263                frame_consumers: FxHashMap::default(),
 264                background_executor: executor,
 265                foreground_executor,
 266                svg_renderer: SvgRenderer::new(asset_source.clone()),
 267                asset_source,
 268                image_cache: ImageCache::new(http_client),
 269                text_style_stack: Vec::new(),
 270                globals_by_type: FxHashMap::default(),
 271                entities,
 272                new_view_observers: SubscriberSet::new(),
 273                windows: SlotMap::with_key(),
 274                keymap: Arc::new(Mutex::new(Keymap::default())),
 275                global_action_listeners: FxHashMap::default(),
 276                pending_effects: VecDeque::new(),
 277                pending_notifications: FxHashSet::default(),
 278                pending_global_notifications: FxHashSet::default(),
 279                observers: SubscriberSet::new(),
 280                event_listeners: SubscriberSet::new(),
 281                release_listeners: SubscriberSet::new(),
 282                keystroke_observers: SubscriberSet::new(),
 283                global_observers: SubscriberSet::new(),
 284                quit_observers: SubscriberSet::new(),
 285                layout_id_buffer: Default::default(),
 286                propagate_event: true,
 287            }),
 288        });
 289
 290        init_app_menus(platform.as_ref(), &mut app.borrow_mut());
 291
 292        platform.on_quit(Box::new({
 293            let cx = app.clone();
 294            move || {
 295                cx.borrow_mut().shutdown();
 296            }
 297        }));
 298
 299        app
 300    }
 301
 302    /// Quit the application gracefully. Handlers registered with [`ModelContext::on_app_quit`]
 303    /// will be given 100ms to complete before exiting.
 304    pub fn shutdown(&mut self) {
 305        let mut futures = Vec::new();
 306
 307        for observer in self.quit_observers.remove(&()) {
 308            futures.push(observer(self));
 309        }
 310
 311        self.windows.clear();
 312        self.flush_effects();
 313
 314        let futures = futures::future::join_all(futures);
 315        if self
 316            .background_executor
 317            .block_with_timeout(Duration::from_millis(100), futures)
 318            .is_err()
 319        {
 320            log::error!("timed out waiting on app_will_quit");
 321        }
 322    }
 323
 324    /// Gracefully quit the application via the platform's standard routine.
 325    pub fn quit(&mut self) {
 326        self.platform.quit();
 327    }
 328
 329    /// Get metadata about the app and platform.
 330    pub fn app_metadata(&self) -> AppMetadata {
 331        self.app_metadata.clone()
 332    }
 333
 334    /// Schedules all windows in the application to be redrawn. This can be called
 335    /// multiple times in an update cycle and still result in a single redraw.
 336    pub fn refresh(&mut self) {
 337        self.pending_effects.push_back(Effect::Refresh);
 338    }
 339
 340    pub(crate) fn update<R>(&mut self, update: impl FnOnce(&mut Self) -> R) -> R {
 341        self.pending_updates += 1;
 342        let result = update(self);
 343        if !self.flushing_effects && self.pending_updates == 1 {
 344            self.flushing_effects = true;
 345            self.flush_effects();
 346            self.flushing_effects = false;
 347        }
 348        self.pending_updates -= 1;
 349        result
 350    }
 351
 352    /// Arrange a callback to be invoked when the given model or view calls `notify` on its respective context.
 353    pub fn observe<W, E>(
 354        &mut self,
 355        entity: &E,
 356        mut on_notify: impl FnMut(E, &mut AppContext) + 'static,
 357    ) -> Subscription
 358    where
 359        W: 'static,
 360        E: Entity<W>,
 361    {
 362        self.observe_internal(entity, move |e, cx| {
 363            on_notify(e, cx);
 364            true
 365        })
 366    }
 367
 368    pub(crate) fn observe_internal<W, E>(
 369        &mut self,
 370        entity: &E,
 371        mut on_notify: impl FnMut(E, &mut AppContext) -> bool + 'static,
 372    ) -> Subscription
 373    where
 374        W: 'static,
 375        E: Entity<W>,
 376    {
 377        let entity_id = entity.entity_id();
 378        let handle = entity.downgrade();
 379        let (subscription, activate) = self.observers.insert(
 380            entity_id,
 381            Box::new(move |cx| {
 382                if let Some(handle) = E::upgrade_from(&handle) {
 383                    on_notify(handle, cx)
 384                } else {
 385                    false
 386                }
 387            }),
 388        );
 389        self.defer(move |_| activate());
 390        subscription
 391    }
 392
 393    /// Arrange for the given callback to be invoked whenever the given model or view emits an event of a given type.
 394    /// The callback is provided a handle to the emitting entity and a reference to the emitted event.
 395    pub fn subscribe<T, E, Event>(
 396        &mut self,
 397        entity: &E,
 398        mut on_event: impl FnMut(E, &Event, &mut AppContext) + 'static,
 399    ) -> Subscription
 400    where
 401        T: 'static + EventEmitter<Event>,
 402        E: Entity<T>,
 403        Event: 'static,
 404    {
 405        self.subscribe_internal(entity, move |entity, event, cx| {
 406            on_event(entity, event, cx);
 407            true
 408        })
 409    }
 410
 411    pub(crate) fn subscribe_internal<T, E, Evt>(
 412        &mut self,
 413        entity: &E,
 414        mut on_event: impl FnMut(E, &Evt, &mut AppContext) -> bool + 'static,
 415    ) -> Subscription
 416    where
 417        T: 'static + EventEmitter<Evt>,
 418        E: Entity<T>,
 419        Evt: 'static,
 420    {
 421        let entity_id = entity.entity_id();
 422        let entity = entity.downgrade();
 423        let (subscription, activate) = self.event_listeners.insert(
 424            entity_id,
 425            (
 426                TypeId::of::<Evt>(),
 427                Box::new(move |event, cx| {
 428                    let event: &Evt = event.downcast_ref().expect("invalid event type");
 429                    if let Some(handle) = E::upgrade_from(&entity) {
 430                        on_event(handle, event, cx)
 431                    } else {
 432                        false
 433                    }
 434                }),
 435            ),
 436        );
 437        self.defer(move |_| activate());
 438        subscription
 439    }
 440
 441    /// Returns handles to all open windows in the application.
 442    /// Each handle could be downcast to a handle typed for the root view of that window.
 443    /// To find all windows of a given type, you could filter on
 444    pub fn windows(&self) -> Vec<AnyWindowHandle> {
 445        self.windows
 446            .values()
 447            .filter_map(|window| Some(window.as_ref()?.handle))
 448            .collect()
 449    }
 450
 451    pub fn active_window(&self) -> Option<AnyWindowHandle> {
 452        self.platform.active_window()
 453    }
 454
 455    /// Opens a new window with the given option and the root view returned by the given function.
 456    /// The function is invoked with a `WindowContext`, which can be used to interact with window-specific
 457    /// functionality.
 458    pub fn open_window<V: 'static + Render>(
 459        &mut self,
 460        options: crate::WindowOptions,
 461        build_root_view: impl FnOnce(&mut WindowContext) -> View<V>,
 462    ) -> WindowHandle<V> {
 463        self.update(|cx| {
 464            let id = cx.windows.insert(None);
 465            let handle = WindowHandle::new(id);
 466            let mut window = Window::new(handle.into(), options, cx);
 467            let root_view = build_root_view(&mut WindowContext::new(cx, &mut window));
 468            window.root_view.replace(root_view.into());
 469            cx.windows.get_mut(id).unwrap().replace(window);
 470            handle
 471        })
 472    }
 473
 474    /// Instructs the platform to activate the application by bringing it to the foreground.
 475    pub fn activate(&self, ignoring_other_apps: bool) {
 476        self.platform.activate(ignoring_other_apps);
 477    }
 478
 479    pub fn hide(&self) {
 480        self.platform.hide();
 481    }
 482
 483    pub fn hide_other_apps(&self) {
 484        self.platform.hide_other_apps();
 485    }
 486
 487    pub fn unhide_other_apps(&self) {
 488        self.platform.unhide_other_apps();
 489    }
 490
 491    /// Returns the list of currently active displays.
 492    pub fn displays(&self) -> Vec<Rc<dyn PlatformDisplay>> {
 493        self.platform.displays()
 494    }
 495
 496    /// Writes data to the platform clipboard.
 497    pub fn write_to_clipboard(&self, item: ClipboardItem) {
 498        self.platform.write_to_clipboard(item)
 499    }
 500
 501    /// Reads data from the platform clipboard.
 502    pub fn read_from_clipboard(&self) -> Option<ClipboardItem> {
 503        self.platform.read_from_clipboard()
 504    }
 505
 506    /// Writes credentials to the platform keychain.
 507    pub fn write_credentials(&self, url: &str, username: &str, password: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
 508        self.platform.write_credentials(url, username, password)
 509    }
 510
 511    /// Reads credentials from the platform keychain.
 512    pub fn read_credentials(&self, url: &str) -> Result<Option<(String, Vec<u8>)>> {
 513        self.platform.read_credentials(url)
 514    }
 515
 516    /// Deletes credentials from the platform keychain.
 517    pub fn delete_credentials(&self, url: &str) -> Result<()> {
 518        self.platform.delete_credentials(url)
 519    }
 520
 521    /// Directs the platform's default browser to open the given URL.
 522    pub fn open_url(&self, url: &str) {
 523        self.platform.open_url(url);
 524    }
 525
 526    pub fn app_path(&self) -> Result<PathBuf> {
 527        self.platform.app_path()
 528    }
 529
 530    pub fn path_for_auxiliary_executable(&self, name: &str) -> Result<PathBuf> {
 531        self.platform.path_for_auxiliary_executable(name)
 532    }
 533
 534    pub fn double_click_interval(&self) -> Duration {
 535        self.platform.double_click_interval()
 536    }
 537
 538    pub fn prompt_for_paths(
 539        &self,
 540        options: PathPromptOptions,
 541    ) -> oneshot::Receiver<Option<Vec<PathBuf>>> {
 542        self.platform.prompt_for_paths(options)
 543    }
 544
 545    pub fn prompt_for_new_path(&self, directory: &Path) -> oneshot::Receiver<Option<PathBuf>> {
 546        self.platform.prompt_for_new_path(directory)
 547    }
 548
 549    pub fn reveal_path(&self, path: &Path) {
 550        self.platform.reveal_path(path)
 551    }
 552
 553    pub fn should_auto_hide_scrollbars(&self) -> bool {
 554        self.platform.should_auto_hide_scrollbars()
 555    }
 556
 557    pub fn restart(&self) {
 558        self.platform.restart()
 559    }
 560
 561    pub fn local_timezone(&self) -> UtcOffset {
 562        self.platform.local_timezone()
 563    }
 564
 565    pub(crate) fn push_effect(&mut self, effect: Effect) {
 566        match &effect {
 567            Effect::Notify { emitter } => {
 568                if !self.pending_notifications.insert(*emitter) {
 569                    return;
 570                }
 571            }
 572            Effect::NotifyGlobalObservers { global_type } => {
 573                if !self.pending_global_notifications.insert(*global_type) {
 574                    return;
 575                }
 576            }
 577            _ => {}
 578        };
 579
 580        self.pending_effects.push_back(effect);
 581    }
 582
 583    /// Called at the end of [`AppContext::update`] to complete any side effects
 584    /// such as notifying observers, emitting events, etc. Effects can themselves
 585    /// cause effects, so we continue looping until all effects are processed.
 586    fn flush_effects(&mut self) {
 587        loop {
 588            self.release_dropped_entities();
 589            self.release_dropped_focus_handles();
 590
 591            if let Some(effect) = self.pending_effects.pop_front() {
 592                match effect {
 593                    Effect::Notify { emitter } => {
 594                        self.apply_notify_effect(emitter);
 595                    }
 596
 597                    Effect::Emit {
 598                        emitter,
 599                        event_type,
 600                        event,
 601                    } => self.apply_emit_effect(emitter, event_type, event),
 602
 603                    Effect::Refresh => {
 604                        self.apply_refresh_effect();
 605                    }
 606
 607                    Effect::NotifyGlobalObservers { global_type } => {
 608                        self.apply_notify_global_observers_effect(global_type);
 609                    }
 610
 611                    Effect::Defer { callback } => {
 612                        self.apply_defer_effect(callback);
 613                    }
 614                }
 615            } else {
 616                for window in self.windows.values() {
 617                    if let Some(window) = window.as_ref() {
 618                        if window.dirty {
 619                            window.platform_window.invalidate();
 620                        }
 621                    }
 622                }
 623
 624                #[cfg(any(test, feature = "test-support"))]
 625                for window in self
 626                    .windows
 627                    .values()
 628                    .filter_map(|window| {
 629                        let window = window.as_ref()?;
 630                        (window.dirty || window.focus_invalidated).then_some(window.handle)
 631                    })
 632                    .collect::<Vec<_>>()
 633                {
 634                    self.update_window(window, |_, cx| cx.draw()).unwrap();
 635                }
 636
 637                if self.pending_effects.is_empty() {
 638                    break;
 639                }
 640            }
 641        }
 642    }
 643
 644    /// Repeatedly called during `flush_effects` to release any entities whose
 645    /// reference count has become zero. We invoke any release observers before dropping
 646    /// each entity.
 647    fn release_dropped_entities(&mut self) {
 648        loop {
 649            let dropped = self.entities.take_dropped();
 650            if dropped.is_empty() {
 651                break;
 652            }
 653
 654            for (entity_id, mut entity) in dropped {
 655                self.observers.remove(&entity_id);
 656                self.event_listeners.remove(&entity_id);
 657                for release_callback in self.release_listeners.remove(&entity_id) {
 658                    release_callback(entity.as_mut(), self);
 659                }
 660            }
 661        }
 662    }
 663
 664    /// Repeatedly called during `flush_effects` to handle a focused handle being dropped.
 665    fn release_dropped_focus_handles(&mut self) {
 666        for window_handle in self.windows() {
 667            window_handle
 668                .update(self, |_, cx| {
 669                    let mut blur_window = false;
 670                    let focus = cx.window.focus;
 671                    cx.window.focus_handles.write().retain(|handle_id, count| {
 672                        if count.load(SeqCst) == 0 {
 673                            if focus == Some(handle_id) {
 674                                blur_window = true;
 675                            }
 676                            false
 677                        } else {
 678                            true
 679                        }
 680                    });
 681
 682                    if blur_window {
 683                        cx.blur();
 684                    }
 685                })
 686                .unwrap();
 687        }
 688    }
 689
 690    fn apply_notify_effect(&mut self, emitter: EntityId) {
 691        self.pending_notifications.remove(&emitter);
 692
 693        self.observers
 694            .clone()
 695            .retain(&emitter, |handler| handler(self));
 696    }
 697
 698    fn apply_emit_effect(&mut self, emitter: EntityId, event_type: TypeId, event: Box<dyn Any>) {
 699        self.event_listeners
 700            .clone()
 701            .retain(&emitter, |(stored_type, handler)| {
 702                if *stored_type == event_type {
 703                    handler(event.as_ref(), self)
 704                } else {
 705                    true
 706                }
 707            });
 708    }
 709
 710    fn apply_refresh_effect(&mut self) {
 711        for window in self.windows.values_mut() {
 712            if let Some(window) = window.as_mut() {
 713                window.dirty = true;
 714            }
 715        }
 716    }
 717
 718    fn apply_notify_global_observers_effect(&mut self, type_id: TypeId) {
 719        self.pending_global_notifications.remove(&type_id);
 720        self.global_observers
 721            .clone()
 722            .retain(&type_id, |observer| observer(self));
 723    }
 724
 725    fn apply_defer_effect(&mut self, callback: Box<dyn FnOnce(&mut Self) + 'static>) {
 726        callback(self);
 727    }
 728
 729    /// Creates an `AsyncAppContext`, which can be cloned and has a static lifetime
 730    /// so it can be held across `await` points.
 731    pub fn to_async(&self) -> AsyncAppContext {
 732        AsyncAppContext {
 733            app: unsafe { mem::transmute(self.this.clone()) },
 734            background_executor: self.background_executor.clone(),
 735            foreground_executor: self.foreground_executor.clone(),
 736        }
 737    }
 738
 739    /// Obtains a reference to the executor, which can be used to spawn futures.
 740    pub fn background_executor(&self) -> &BackgroundExecutor {
 741        &self.background_executor
 742    }
 743
 744    /// Obtains a reference to the executor, which can be used to spawn futures.
 745    pub fn foreground_executor(&self) -> &ForegroundExecutor {
 746        &self.foreground_executor
 747    }
 748
 749    /// Spawns the future returned by the given function on the thread pool. The closure will be invoked
 750    /// with AsyncAppContext, which allows the application state to be accessed across await points.
 751    pub fn spawn<Fut, R>(&self, f: impl FnOnce(AsyncAppContext) -> Fut) -> Task<R>
 752    where
 753        Fut: Future<Output = R> + 'static,
 754        R: 'static,
 755    {
 756        self.foreground_executor.spawn(f(self.to_async()))
 757    }
 758
 759    /// Schedules the given function to be run at the end of the current effect cycle, allowing entities
 760    /// that are currently on the stack to be returned to the app.
 761    pub fn defer(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut AppContext) + 'static) {
 762        self.push_effect(Effect::Defer {
 763            callback: Box::new(f),
 764        });
 765    }
 766
 767    /// Accessor for the application's asset source, which is provided when constructing the `App`.
 768    pub fn asset_source(&self) -> &Arc<dyn AssetSource> {
 769        &self.asset_source
 770    }
 771
 772    /// Accessor for the text system.
 773    pub fn text_system(&self) -> &Arc<TextSystem> {
 774        &self.text_system
 775    }
 776
 777    /// The current text style. Which is composed of all the style refinements provided to `with_text_style`.
 778    pub fn text_style(&self) -> TextStyle {
 779        let mut style = TextStyle::default();
 780        for refinement in &self.text_style_stack {
 781            style.refine(refinement);
 782        }
 783        style
 784    }
 785
 786    /// Check whether a global of the given type has been assigned.
 787    pub fn has_global<G: 'static>(&self) -> bool {
 788        self.globals_by_type.contains_key(&TypeId::of::<G>())
 789    }
 790
 791    /// Access the global of the given type. Panics if a global for that type has not been assigned.
 792    #[track_caller]
 793    pub fn global<G: 'static>(&self) -> &G {
 794        self.globals_by_type
 795            .get(&TypeId::of::<G>())
 796            .map(|any_state| any_state.downcast_ref::<G>().unwrap())
 797            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("no state of type {} exists", type_name::<G>()))
 798            .unwrap()
 799    }
 800
 801    /// Access the global of the given type if a value has been assigned.
 802    pub fn try_global<G: 'static>(&self) -> Option<&G> {
 803        self.globals_by_type
 804            .get(&TypeId::of::<G>())
 805            .map(|any_state| any_state.downcast_ref::<G>().unwrap())
 806    }
 807
 808    /// Access the global of the given type mutably. Panics if a global for that type has not been assigned.
 809    #[track_caller]
 810    pub fn global_mut<G: 'static>(&mut self) -> &mut G {
 811        let global_type = TypeId::of::<G>();
 812        self.push_effect(Effect::NotifyGlobalObservers { global_type });
 813        self.globals_by_type
 814            .get_mut(&global_type)
 815            .and_then(|any_state| any_state.downcast_mut::<G>())
 816            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("no state of type {} exists", type_name::<G>()))
 817            .unwrap()
 818    }
 819
 820    /// Access the global of the given type mutably. A default value is assigned if a global of this type has not
 821    /// yet been assigned.
 822    pub fn default_global<G: 'static + Default>(&mut self) -> &mut G {
 823        let global_type = TypeId::of::<G>();
 824        self.push_effect(Effect::NotifyGlobalObservers { global_type });
 825        self.globals_by_type
 826            .entry(global_type)
 827            .or_insert_with(|| Box::<G>::default())
 828            .downcast_mut::<G>()
 829            .unwrap()
 830    }
 831
 832    /// Set the value of the global of the given type.
 833    pub fn set_global<G: Any>(&mut self, global: G) {
 834        let global_type = TypeId::of::<G>();
 835        self.push_effect(Effect::NotifyGlobalObservers { global_type });
 836        self.globals_by_type.insert(global_type, Box::new(global));
 837    }
 838
 839    /// Clear all stored globals. Does not notify global observers.
 840    #[cfg(any(test, feature = "test-support"))]
 841    pub fn clear_globals(&mut self) {
 842        self.globals_by_type.drain();
 843    }
 844
 845    /// Remove the global of the given type from the app context. Does not notify global observers.
 846    pub fn remove_global<G: Any>(&mut self) -> G {
 847        let global_type = TypeId::of::<G>();
 848        *self
 849            .globals_by_type
 850            .remove(&global_type)
 851            .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("no global added for {}", std::any::type_name::<G>()))
 852            .downcast()
 853            .unwrap()
 854    }
 855
 856    /// Update the global of the given type with a closure. Unlike `global_mut`, this method provides
 857    /// your closure with mutable access to the `AppContext` and the global simultaneously.
 858    pub fn update_global<G: 'static, R>(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut G, &mut Self) -> R) -> R {
 859        self.update(|cx| {
 860            let mut global = cx.lease_global::<G>();
 861            let result = f(&mut global, cx);
 862            cx.end_global_lease(global);
 863            result
 864        })
 865    }
 866
 867    /// Register a callback to be invoked when a global of the given type is updated.
 868    pub fn observe_global<G: 'static>(
 869        &mut self,
 870        mut f: impl FnMut(&mut Self) + 'static,
 871    ) -> Subscription {
 872        let (subscription, activate) = self.global_observers.insert(
 873            TypeId::of::<G>(),
 874            Box::new(move |cx| {
 875                f(cx);
 876                true
 877            }),
 878        );
 879        self.defer(move |_| activate());
 880        subscription
 881    }
 882
 883    /// Move the global of the given type to the stack.
 884    pub(crate) fn lease_global<G: 'static>(&mut self) -> GlobalLease<G> {
 885        GlobalLease::new(
 886            self.globals_by_type
 887                .remove(&TypeId::of::<G>())
 888                .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("no global registered of type {}", type_name::<G>()))
 889                .unwrap(),
 890        )
 891    }
 892
 893    /// Restore the global of the given type after it is moved to the stack.
 894    pub(crate) fn end_global_lease<G: 'static>(&mut self, lease: GlobalLease<G>) {
 895        let global_type = TypeId::of::<G>();
 896        self.push_effect(Effect::NotifyGlobalObservers { global_type });
 897        self.globals_by_type.insert(global_type, lease.global);
 898    }
 899
 900    pub fn observe_new_views<V: 'static>(
 901        &mut self,
 902        on_new: impl 'static + Fn(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>),
 903    ) -> Subscription {
 904        let (subscription, activate) = self.new_view_observers.insert(
 905            TypeId::of::<V>(),
 906            Box::new(move |any_view: AnyView, cx: &mut WindowContext| {
 907                any_view
 908                    .downcast::<V>()
 909                    .unwrap()
 910                    .update(cx, |view_state, cx| {
 911                        on_new(view_state, cx);
 912                    })
 913            }),
 914        );
 915        activate();
 916        subscription
 917    }
 918
 919    pub fn observe_release<E, T>(
 920        &mut self,
 921        handle: &E,
 922        on_release: impl FnOnce(&mut T, &mut AppContext) + 'static,
 923    ) -> Subscription
 924    where
 925        E: Entity<T>,
 926        T: 'static,
 927    {
 928        let (subscription, activate) = self.release_listeners.insert(
 929            handle.entity_id(),
 930            Box::new(move |entity, cx| {
 931                let entity = entity.downcast_mut().expect("invalid entity type");
 932                on_release(entity, cx)
 933            }),
 934        );
 935        activate();
 936        subscription
 937    }
 938
 939    pub fn observe_keystrokes(
 940        &mut self,
 941        f: impl FnMut(&KeystrokeEvent, &mut WindowContext) + 'static,
 942    ) -> Subscription {
 943        let (subscription, activate) = self.keystroke_observers.insert((), Box::new(f));
 944        activate();
 945        subscription
 946    }
 947
 948    pub(crate) fn push_text_style(&mut self, text_style: TextStyleRefinement) {
 949        self.text_style_stack.push(text_style);
 950    }
 951
 952    pub(crate) fn pop_text_style(&mut self) {
 953        self.text_style_stack.pop();
 954    }
 955
 956    /// Register key bindings.
 957    pub fn bind_keys(&mut self, bindings: impl IntoIterator<Item = KeyBinding>) {
 958        self.keymap.lock().add_bindings(bindings);
 959        self.pending_effects.push_back(Effect::Refresh);
 960    }
 961
 962    pub fn clear_key_bindings(&mut self) {
 963        self.keymap.lock().clear();
 964        self.pending_effects.push_back(Effect::Refresh);
 965    }
 966
 967    /// Register a global listener for actions invoked via the keyboard.
 968    pub fn on_action<A: Action>(&mut self, listener: impl Fn(&A, &mut Self) + 'static) {
 969        self.global_action_listeners
 970            .entry(TypeId::of::<A>())
 971            .or_default()
 972            .push(Rc::new(move |action, phase, cx| {
 973                if phase == DispatchPhase::Bubble {
 974                    let action = action.downcast_ref().unwrap();
 975                    listener(action, cx)
 976                }
 977            }));
 978    }
 979
 980    /// Event handlers propagate events by default. Call this method to stop dispatching to
 981    /// event handlers with a lower z-index (mouse) or higher in the tree (keyboard). This is
 982    /// the opposite of [`Self::propagate`]. It's also possible to cancel a call to [`Self::propagate`] by
 983    /// calling this method before effects are flushed.
 984    pub fn stop_propagation(&mut self) {
 985        self.propagate_event = false;
 986    }
 987
 988    /// Action handlers stop propagation by default during the bubble phase of action dispatch
 989    /// dispatching to action handlers higher in the element tree. This is the opposite of
 990    /// [`Self::stop_propagation`]. It's also possible to cancel a call to [`Self::stop_propagation`] by calling
 991    /// this method before effects are flushed.
 992    pub fn propagate(&mut self) {
 993        self.propagate_event = true;
 994    }
 995
 996    pub fn build_action(
 997        &self,
 998        name: &str,
 999        data: Option<serde_json::Value>,
1000    ) -> Result<Box<dyn Action>> {
1001        self.actions.build_action(name, data)
1002    }
1003
1004    pub fn all_action_names(&self) -> &[SharedString] {
1005        self.actions.all_action_names()
1006    }
1007
1008    pub fn on_app_quit<Fut>(
1009        &mut self,
1010        mut on_quit: impl FnMut(&mut AppContext) -> Fut + 'static,
1011    ) -> Subscription
1012    where
1013        Fut: 'static + Future<Output = ()>,
1014    {
1015        let (subscription, activate) = self.quit_observers.insert(
1016            (),
1017            Box::new(move |cx| {
1018                let future = on_quit(cx);
1019                future.boxed_local()
1020            }),
1021        );
1022        activate();
1023        subscription
1024    }
1025
1026    pub(crate) fn clear_pending_keystrokes(&mut self) {
1027        for window in self.windows() {
1028            window
1029                .update(self, |_, cx| {
1030                    cx.window
1031                        .rendered_frame
1032                        .dispatch_tree
1033                        .clear_pending_keystrokes();
1034                    cx.window
1035                        .next_frame
1036                        .dispatch_tree
1037                        .clear_pending_keystrokes();
1038                })
1039                .ok();
1040        }
1041    }
1042
1043    pub fn is_action_available(&mut self, action: &dyn Action) -> bool {
1044        if let Some(window) = self.active_window() {
1045            if let Ok(window_action_available) =
1046                window.update(self, |_, cx| cx.is_action_available(action))
1047            {
1048                return window_action_available;
1049            }
1050        }
1051
1052        self.global_action_listeners
1053            .contains_key(&action.as_any().type_id())
1054    }
1055
1056    pub fn set_menus(&mut self, menus: Vec<Menu>) {
1057        self.platform.set_menus(menus, &self.keymap.lock());
1058    }
1059
1060    pub fn dispatch_action(&mut self, action: &dyn Action) {
1061        if let Some(active_window) = self.active_window() {
1062            active_window
1063                .update(self, |_, cx| cx.dispatch_action(action.boxed_clone()))
1064                .log_err();
1065        } else {
1066            self.propagate_event = true;
1067
1068            if let Some(mut global_listeners) = self
1069                .global_action_listeners
1070                .remove(&action.as_any().type_id())
1071            {
1072                for listener in &global_listeners {
1073                    listener(action.as_any(), DispatchPhase::Capture, self);
1074                    if !self.propagate_event {
1075                        break;
1076                    }
1077                }
1078
1079                global_listeners.extend(
1080                    self.global_action_listeners
1081                        .remove(&action.as_any().type_id())
1082                        .unwrap_or_default(),
1083                );
1084
1085                self.global_action_listeners
1086                    .insert(action.as_any().type_id(), global_listeners);
1087            }
1088
1089            if self.propagate_event {
1090                if let Some(mut global_listeners) = self
1091                    .global_action_listeners
1092                    .remove(&action.as_any().type_id())
1093                {
1094                    for listener in global_listeners.iter().rev() {
1095                        listener(action.as_any(), DispatchPhase::Bubble, self);
1096                        if !self.propagate_event {
1097                            break;
1098                        }
1099                    }
1100
1101                    global_listeners.extend(
1102                        self.global_action_listeners
1103                            .remove(&action.as_any().type_id())
1104                            .unwrap_or_default(),
1105                    );
1106
1107                    self.global_action_listeners
1108                        .insert(action.as_any().type_id(), global_listeners);
1109                }
1110            }
1111        }
1112    }
1113
1114    pub fn has_active_drag(&self) -> bool {
1115        self.active_drag.is_some()
1116    }
1117}
1118
1119impl Context for AppContext {
1120    type Result<T> = T;
1121
1122    /// Build an entity that is owned by the application. The given function will be invoked with
1123    /// a `ModelContext` and must return an object representing the entity. A `Model` will be returned
1124    /// which can be used to access the entity in a context.
1125    fn new_model<T: 'static>(
1126        &mut self,
1127        build_model: impl FnOnce(&mut ModelContext<'_, T>) -> T,
1128    ) -> Model<T> {
1129        self.update(|cx| {
1130            let slot = cx.entities.reserve();
1131            let entity = build_model(&mut ModelContext::new(cx, slot.downgrade()));
1132            cx.entities.insert(slot, entity)
1133        })
1134    }
1135
1136    /// Update the entity referenced by the given model. The function is passed a mutable reference to the
1137    /// entity along with a `ModelContext` for the entity.
1138    fn update_model<T: 'static, R>(
1139        &mut self,
1140        model: &Model<T>,
1141        update: impl FnOnce(&mut T, &mut ModelContext<'_, T>) -> R,
1142    ) -> R {
1143        self.update(|cx| {
1144            let mut entity = cx.entities.lease(model);
1145            let result = update(&mut entity, &mut ModelContext::new(cx, model.downgrade()));
1146            cx.entities.end_lease(entity);
1147            result
1148        })
1149    }
1150
1151    fn update_window<T, F>(&mut self, handle: AnyWindowHandle, update: F) -> Result<T>
1152    where
1153        F: FnOnce(AnyView, &mut WindowContext<'_>) -> T,
1154    {
1155        self.update(|cx| {
1156            let mut window = cx
1157                .windows
1158                .get_mut(handle.id)
1159                .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("window not found"))?
1160                .take()
1161                .unwrap();
1162
1163            let root_view = window.root_view.clone().unwrap();
1164            let result = update(root_view, &mut WindowContext::new(cx, &mut window));
1165
1166            if window.removed {
1167                cx.windows.remove(handle.id);
1168            } else {
1169                cx.windows
1170                    .get_mut(handle.id)
1171                    .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("window not found"))?
1172                    .replace(window);
1173            }
1174
1175            Ok(result)
1176        })
1177    }
1178
1179    fn read_model<T, R>(
1180        &self,
1181        handle: &Model<T>,
1182        read: impl FnOnce(&T, &AppContext) -> R,
1183    ) -> Self::Result<R>
1184    where
1185        T: 'static,
1186    {
1187        let entity = self.entities.read(handle);
1188        read(entity, self)
1189    }
1190
1191    fn read_window<T, R>(
1192        &self,
1193        window: &WindowHandle<T>,
1194        read: impl FnOnce(View<T>, &AppContext) -> R,
1195    ) -> Result<R>
1196    where
1197        T: 'static,
1198    {
1199        let window = self
1200            .windows
1201            .get(window.id)
1202            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("window not found"))?
1203            .as_ref()
1204            .unwrap();
1205
1206        let root_view = window.root_view.clone().unwrap();
1207        let view = root_view
1208            .downcast::<T>()
1209            .map_err(|_| anyhow!("root view's type has changed"))?;
1210
1211        Ok(read(view, self))
1212    }
1213}
1214
1215/// These effects are processed at the end of each application update cycle.
1216pub(crate) enum Effect {
1217    Notify {
1218        emitter: EntityId,
1219    },
1220    Emit {
1221        emitter: EntityId,
1222        event_type: TypeId,
1223        event: Box<dyn Any>,
1224    },
1225    Refresh,
1226    NotifyGlobalObservers {
1227        global_type: TypeId,
1228    },
1229    Defer {
1230        callback: Box<dyn FnOnce(&mut AppContext) + 'static>,
1231    },
1232}
1233
1234/// Wraps a global variable value during `update_global` while the value has been moved to the stack.
1235pub(crate) struct GlobalLease<G: 'static> {
1236    global: Box<dyn Any>,
1237    global_type: PhantomData<G>,
1238}
1239
1240impl<G: 'static> GlobalLease<G> {
1241    fn new(global: Box<dyn Any>) -> Self {
1242        GlobalLease {
1243            global,
1244            global_type: PhantomData,
1245        }
1246    }
1247}
1248
1249impl<G: 'static> Deref for GlobalLease<G> {
1250    type Target = G;
1251
1252    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
1253        self.global.downcast_ref().unwrap()
1254    }
1255}
1256
1257impl<G: 'static> DerefMut for GlobalLease<G> {
1258    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
1259        self.global.downcast_mut().unwrap()
1260    }
1261}
1262
1263/// Contains state associated with an active drag operation, started by dragging an element
1264/// within the window or by dragging into the app from the underlying platform.
1265pub struct AnyDrag {
1266    pub view: AnyView,
1267    pub value: Box<dyn Any>,
1268    pub cursor_offset: Point<Pixels>,
1269}
1270
1271#[derive(Clone)]
1272pub(crate) struct AnyTooltip {
1273    pub view: AnyView,
1274    pub cursor_offset: Point<Pixels>,
1275}
1276
1277#[derive(Debug)]
1278pub struct KeystrokeEvent {
1279    pub keystroke: Keystroke,
1280    pub action: Option<Box<dyn Action>>,
1281}