window.rs

   1use crate::{
   2    px, size, transparent_black, Action, AnyDrag, AnyView, AppContext, Arena, AsyncWindowContext,
   3    AvailableSpace, Bounds, Context, Corners, CursorStyle, DispatchActionListener, DispatchNodeId,
   4    DispatchTree, DisplayId, Edges, Effect, Entity, EntityId, EventEmitter, FileDropEvent, Flatten,
   5    Global, GlobalElementId, Hsla, KeyBinding, KeyContext, KeyDownEvent, KeyMatch, KeymatchResult,
   6    Keystroke, KeystrokeEvent, Model, ModelContext, Modifiers, MouseButton, MouseMoveEvent,
   7    MouseUpEvent, Pixels, PlatformAtlas, PlatformDisplay, PlatformInput, PlatformWindow, Point,
   8    PromptLevel, Render, ScaledPixels, SharedString, Size, SubscriberSet, Subscription,
   9    TaffyLayoutEngine, Task, View, VisualContext, WeakView, WindowAppearance, WindowBounds,
  10    WindowOptions, WindowTextSystem,
  11};
  12use anyhow::{anyhow, Context as _, Result};
  13use collections::FxHashSet;
  14use derive_more::{Deref, DerefMut};
  15use futures::channel::oneshot;
  16use parking_lot::RwLock;
  17use slotmap::SlotMap;
  18use smallvec::SmallVec;
  19use std::{
  20    any::{Any, TypeId},
  21    borrow::{Borrow, BorrowMut},
  22    cell::{Cell, RefCell},
  23    fmt::{Debug, Display},
  24    future::Future,
  25    hash::{Hash, Hasher},
  26    marker::PhantomData,
  27    mem,
  28    rc::Rc,
  29    sync::{
  30        atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering::SeqCst},
  31        Arc,
  32    },
  33    time::{Duration, Instant},
  34};
  35use util::{measure, ResultExt};
  36
  37mod element_cx;
  38pub use element_cx::*;
  39
  40const ACTIVE_DRAG_Z_INDEX: u16 = 1;
  41
  42/// A global stacking order, which is created by stacking successive z-index values.
  43/// Each z-index will always be interpreted in the context of its parent z-index.
  44#[derive(Debug, Deref, DerefMut, Clone, Ord, PartialOrd, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]
  45pub struct StackingOrder(SmallVec<[StackingContext; 64]>);
  46
  47/// A single entry in a primitive's z-index stacking order
  48#[derive(Clone, Ord, PartialOrd, PartialEq, Eq, Default)]
  49pub struct StackingContext {
  50    pub(crate) z_index: u16,
  51    pub(crate) id: u16,
  52}
  53
  54impl std::fmt::Debug for StackingContext {
  55    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
  56        write!(f, "{{{}.{}}} ", self.z_index, self.id)
  57    }
  58}
  59
  60/// Represents the two different phases when dispatching events.
  61#[derive(Default, Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
  62pub enum DispatchPhase {
  63    /// After the capture phase comes the bubble phase, in which mouse event listeners are
  64    /// invoked front to back and keyboard event listeners are invoked from the focused element
  65    /// to the root of the element tree. This is the phase you'll most commonly want to use when
  66    /// registering event listeners.
  67    #[default]
  68    Bubble,
  69    /// During the initial capture phase, mouse event listeners are invoked back to front, and keyboard
  70    /// listeners are invoked from the root of the tree downward toward the focused element. This phase
  71    /// is used for special purposes such as clearing the "pressed" state for click events. If
  72    /// you stop event propagation during this phase, you need to know what you're doing. Handlers
  73    /// outside of the immediate region may rely on detecting non-local events during this phase.
  74    Capture,
  75}
  76
  77impl DispatchPhase {
  78    /// Returns true if this represents the "bubble" phase.
  79    pub fn bubble(self) -> bool {
  80        self == DispatchPhase::Bubble
  81    }
  82
  83    /// Returns true if this represents the "capture" phase.
  84    pub fn capture(self) -> bool {
  85        self == DispatchPhase::Capture
  86    }
  87}
  88
  89type AnyObserver = Box<dyn FnMut(&mut WindowContext) -> bool + 'static>;
  90
  91type AnyWindowFocusListener = Box<dyn FnMut(&FocusEvent, &mut WindowContext) -> bool + 'static>;
  92
  93struct FocusEvent {
  94    previous_focus_path: SmallVec<[FocusId; 8]>,
  95    current_focus_path: SmallVec<[FocusId; 8]>,
  96}
  97
  98slotmap::new_key_type! {
  99    /// A globally unique identifier for a focusable element.
 100    pub struct FocusId;
 101}
 102
 103thread_local! {
 104    pub(crate) static ELEMENT_ARENA: RefCell<Arena> = RefCell::new(Arena::new(8 * 1024 * 1024));
 105}
 106
 107impl FocusId {
 108    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle is currently focused.
 109    pub fn is_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 110        cx.window.focus == Some(*self)
 111    }
 112
 113    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle contains the focused
 114    /// element or is itself focused.
 115    pub fn contains_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 116        cx.focused()
 117            .map_or(false, |focused| self.contains(focused.id, cx))
 118    }
 119
 120    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle is contained within the
 121    /// focused element or is itself focused.
 122    pub fn within_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 123        let focused = cx.focused();
 124        focused.map_or(false, |focused| focused.id.contains(*self, cx))
 125    }
 126
 127    /// Obtains whether this handle contains the given handle in the most recently rendered frame.
 128    pub(crate) fn contains(&self, other: Self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 129        cx.window
 130            .rendered_frame
 131            .dispatch_tree
 132            .focus_contains(*self, other)
 133    }
 134}
 135
 136/// A handle which can be used to track and manipulate the focused element in a window.
 137pub struct FocusHandle {
 138    pub(crate) id: FocusId,
 139    handles: Arc<RwLock<SlotMap<FocusId, AtomicUsize>>>,
 140}
 141
 142impl std::fmt::Debug for FocusHandle {
 143    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
 144        f.write_fmt(format_args!("FocusHandle({:?})", self.id))
 145    }
 146}
 147
 148impl FocusHandle {
 149    pub(crate) fn new(handles: &Arc<RwLock<SlotMap<FocusId, AtomicUsize>>>) -> Self {
 150        let id = handles.write().insert(AtomicUsize::new(1));
 151        Self {
 152            id,
 153            handles: handles.clone(),
 154        }
 155    }
 156
 157    pub(crate) fn for_id(
 158        id: FocusId,
 159        handles: &Arc<RwLock<SlotMap<FocusId, AtomicUsize>>>,
 160    ) -> Option<Self> {
 161        let lock = handles.read();
 162        let ref_count = lock.get(id)?;
 163        if ref_count.load(SeqCst) == 0 {
 164            None
 165        } else {
 166            ref_count.fetch_add(1, SeqCst);
 167            Some(Self {
 168                id,
 169                handles: handles.clone(),
 170            })
 171        }
 172    }
 173
 174    /// Moves the focus to the element associated with this handle.
 175    pub fn focus(&self, cx: &mut WindowContext) {
 176        cx.focus(self)
 177    }
 178
 179    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle is currently focused.
 180    pub fn is_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 181        self.id.is_focused(cx)
 182    }
 183
 184    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle contains the focused
 185    /// element or is itself focused.
 186    pub fn contains_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 187        self.id.contains_focused(cx)
 188    }
 189
 190    /// Obtains whether the element associated with this handle is contained within the
 191    /// focused element or is itself focused.
 192    pub fn within_focused(&self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 193        self.id.within_focused(cx)
 194    }
 195
 196    /// Obtains whether this handle contains the given handle in the most recently rendered frame.
 197    pub fn contains(&self, other: &Self, cx: &WindowContext) -> bool {
 198        self.id.contains(other.id, cx)
 199    }
 200}
 201
 202impl Clone for FocusHandle {
 203    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
 204        Self::for_id(self.id, &self.handles).unwrap()
 205    }
 206}
 207
 208impl PartialEq for FocusHandle {
 209    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
 210        self.id == other.id
 211    }
 212}
 213
 214impl Eq for FocusHandle {}
 215
 216impl Drop for FocusHandle {
 217    fn drop(&mut self) {
 218        self.handles
 219            .read()
 220            .get(self.id)
 221            .unwrap()
 222            .fetch_sub(1, SeqCst);
 223    }
 224}
 225
 226/// FocusableView allows users of your view to easily
 227/// focus it (using cx.focus_view(view))
 228pub trait FocusableView: 'static + Render {
 229    /// Returns the focus handle associated with this view.
 230    fn focus_handle(&self, cx: &AppContext) -> FocusHandle;
 231}
 232
 233/// ManagedView is a view (like a Modal, Popover, Menu, etc.)
 234/// where the lifecycle of the view is handled by another view.
 235pub trait ManagedView: FocusableView + EventEmitter<DismissEvent> {}
 236
 237impl<M: FocusableView + EventEmitter<DismissEvent>> ManagedView for M {}
 238
 239/// Emitted by implementers of [`ManagedView`] to indicate the view should be dismissed, such as when a view is presented as a modal.
 240pub struct DismissEvent;
 241
 242type FrameCallback = Box<dyn FnOnce(&mut WindowContext)>;
 243
 244// Holds the state for a specific window.
 245#[doc(hidden)]
 246pub struct Window {
 247    pub(crate) handle: AnyWindowHandle,
 248    pub(crate) removed: bool,
 249    pub(crate) platform_window: Box<dyn PlatformWindow>,
 250    display_id: DisplayId,
 251    sprite_atlas: Arc<dyn PlatformAtlas>,
 252    text_system: Arc<WindowTextSystem>,
 253    pub(crate) rem_size: Pixels,
 254    pub(crate) viewport_size: Size<Pixels>,
 255    layout_engine: Option<TaffyLayoutEngine>,
 256    pub(crate) root_view: Option<AnyView>,
 257    pub(crate) element_id_stack: GlobalElementId,
 258    pub(crate) rendered_frame: Frame,
 259    pub(crate) next_frame: Frame,
 260    next_frame_callbacks: Rc<RefCell<Vec<FrameCallback>>>,
 261    pub(crate) dirty_views: FxHashSet<EntityId>,
 262    pub(crate) focus_handles: Arc<RwLock<SlotMap<FocusId, AtomicUsize>>>,
 263    focus_listeners: SubscriberSet<(), AnyWindowFocusListener>,
 264    focus_lost_listeners: SubscriberSet<(), AnyObserver>,
 265    default_prevented: bool,
 266    mouse_position: Point<Pixels>,
 267    modifiers: Modifiers,
 268    scale_factor: f32,
 269    bounds: WindowBounds,
 270    bounds_observers: SubscriberSet<(), AnyObserver>,
 271    appearance: WindowAppearance,
 272    appearance_observers: SubscriberSet<(), AnyObserver>,
 273    active: Rc<Cell<bool>>,
 274    pub(crate) dirty: Rc<Cell<bool>>,
 275    pub(crate) needs_present: Rc<Cell<bool>>,
 276    pub(crate) last_input_timestamp: Rc<Cell<Instant>>,
 277    pub(crate) refreshing: bool,
 278    pub(crate) drawing: bool,
 279    activation_observers: SubscriberSet<(), AnyObserver>,
 280    pub(crate) focus: Option<FocusId>,
 281    focus_enabled: bool,
 282    pending_input: Option<PendingInput>,
 283    graphics_profiler_enabled: bool,
 284}
 285
 286#[derive(Default, Debug)]
 287struct PendingInput {
 288    keystrokes: SmallVec<[Keystroke; 1]>,
 289    bindings: SmallVec<[KeyBinding; 1]>,
 290    focus: Option<FocusId>,
 291    timer: Option<Task<()>>,
 292}
 293
 294impl PendingInput {
 295    fn input(&self) -> String {
 296        self.keystrokes
 297            .iter()
 298            .flat_map(|k| k.ime_key.clone())
 299            .collect::<Vec<String>>()
 300            .join("")
 301    }
 302
 303    fn used_by_binding(&self, binding: &KeyBinding) -> bool {
 304        if self.keystrokes.is_empty() {
 305            return true;
 306        }
 307        let keystroke = &self.keystrokes[0];
 308        for candidate in keystroke.match_candidates() {
 309            if binding.match_keystrokes(&[candidate]) == KeyMatch::Pending {
 310                return true;
 311            }
 312        }
 313        false
 314    }
 315}
 316
 317pub(crate) struct ElementStateBox {
 318    pub(crate) inner: Box<dyn Any>,
 319    pub(crate) parent_view_id: EntityId,
 320    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
 321    pub(crate) type_name: &'static str,
 322}
 323
 324impl Window {
 325    pub(crate) fn new(
 326        handle: AnyWindowHandle,
 327        options: WindowOptions,
 328        cx: &mut AppContext,
 329    ) -> Self {
 330        let platform_window = cx.platform.open_window(handle, options);
 331        let display_id = platform_window.display().id();
 332        let sprite_atlas = platform_window.sprite_atlas();
 333        let mouse_position = platform_window.mouse_position();
 334        let modifiers = platform_window.modifiers();
 335        let content_size = platform_window.content_size();
 336        let scale_factor = platform_window.scale_factor();
 337        let bounds = platform_window.bounds();
 338        let appearance = platform_window.appearance();
 339        let text_system = Arc::new(WindowTextSystem::new(cx.text_system().clone()));
 340        let dirty = Rc::new(Cell::new(true));
 341        let active = Rc::new(Cell::new(false));
 342        let needs_present = Rc::new(Cell::new(false));
 343        let next_frame_callbacks: Rc<RefCell<Vec<FrameCallback>>> = Default::default();
 344        let last_input_timestamp = Rc::new(Cell::new(Instant::now()));
 345
 346        platform_window.on_close(Box::new({
 347            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 348            move || {
 349                let _ = handle.update(&mut cx, |_, cx| cx.remove_window());
 350            }
 351        }));
 352        platform_window.on_request_frame(Box::new({
 353            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 354            let dirty = dirty.clone();
 355            let active = active.clone();
 356            let needs_present = needs_present.clone();
 357            let next_frame_callbacks = next_frame_callbacks.clone();
 358            let last_input_timestamp = last_input_timestamp.clone();
 359            move || {
 360                let next_frame_callbacks = next_frame_callbacks.take();
 361                if !next_frame_callbacks.is_empty() {
 362                    handle
 363                        .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| {
 364                            for callback in next_frame_callbacks {
 365                                callback(cx);
 366                            }
 367                        })
 368                        .log_err();
 369                }
 370
 371                // Keep presenting the current scene for 1 extra second since the
 372                // last input to prevent the display from underclocking the refresh rate.
 373                let needs_present = needs_present.get()
 374                    || (active.get()
 375                        && last_input_timestamp.get().elapsed() < Duration::from_secs(1));
 376
 377                if dirty.get() {
 378                    measure("frame duration", || {
 379                        handle
 380                            .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| {
 381                                cx.draw();
 382                                cx.present();
 383                            })
 384                            .log_err();
 385                    })
 386                } else if needs_present {
 387                    handle.update(&mut cx, |_, cx| cx.present()).log_err();
 388                }
 389            }
 390        }));
 391        platform_window.on_resize(Box::new({
 392            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 393            move |_, _| {
 394                handle
 395                    .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| cx.window_bounds_changed())
 396                    .log_err();
 397            }
 398        }));
 399        platform_window.on_moved(Box::new({
 400            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 401            move || {
 402                handle
 403                    .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| cx.window_bounds_changed())
 404                    .log_err();
 405            }
 406        }));
 407        platform_window.on_appearance_changed(Box::new({
 408            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 409            move || {
 410                handle
 411                    .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| cx.appearance_changed())
 412                    .log_err();
 413            }
 414        }));
 415        platform_window.on_active_status_change(Box::new({
 416            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 417            move |active| {
 418                handle
 419                    .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| {
 420                        cx.window.active.set(active);
 421                        cx.window
 422                            .activation_observers
 423                            .clone()
 424                            .retain(&(), |callback| callback(cx));
 425                    })
 426                    .log_err();
 427            }
 428        }));
 429
 430        platform_window.on_input({
 431            let mut cx = cx.to_async();
 432            Box::new(move |event| {
 433                handle
 434                    .update(&mut cx, |_, cx| cx.dispatch_event(event))
 435                    .log_err()
 436                    .unwrap_or(false)
 437            })
 438        });
 439
 440        Window {
 441            handle,
 442            removed: false,
 443            platform_window,
 444            display_id,
 445            sprite_atlas,
 446            text_system,
 447            rem_size: px(16.),
 448            viewport_size: content_size,
 449            layout_engine: Some(TaffyLayoutEngine::new()),
 450            root_view: None,
 451            element_id_stack: GlobalElementId::default(),
 452            rendered_frame: Frame::new(DispatchTree::new(cx.keymap.clone(), cx.actions.clone())),
 453            next_frame: Frame::new(DispatchTree::new(cx.keymap.clone(), cx.actions.clone())),
 454            next_frame_callbacks,
 455            dirty_views: FxHashSet::default(),
 456            focus_handles: Arc::new(RwLock::new(SlotMap::with_key())),
 457            focus_listeners: SubscriberSet::new(),
 458            focus_lost_listeners: SubscriberSet::new(),
 459            default_prevented: true,
 460            mouse_position,
 461            modifiers,
 462            scale_factor,
 463            bounds,
 464            bounds_observers: SubscriberSet::new(),
 465            appearance,
 466            appearance_observers: SubscriberSet::new(),
 467            active,
 468            dirty,
 469            needs_present,
 470            last_input_timestamp,
 471            refreshing: false,
 472            drawing: false,
 473            activation_observers: SubscriberSet::new(),
 474            focus: None,
 475            focus_enabled: true,
 476            pending_input: None,
 477            graphics_profiler_enabled: false,
 478        }
 479    }
 480    fn new_focus_listener(
 481        &mut self,
 482        value: AnyWindowFocusListener,
 483    ) -> (Subscription, impl FnOnce()) {
 484        self.focus_listeners.insert((), value)
 485    }
 486}
 487
 488/// Indicates which region of the window is visible. Content falling outside of this mask will not be
 489/// rendered. Currently, only rectangular content masks are supported, but we give the mask its own type
 490/// to leave room to support more complex shapes in the future.
 491#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
 492#[repr(C)]
 493pub struct ContentMask<P: Clone + Default + Debug> {
 494    /// The bounds
 495    pub bounds: Bounds<P>,
 496}
 497
 498impl ContentMask<Pixels> {
 499    /// Scale the content mask's pixel units by the given scaling factor.
 500    pub fn scale(&self, factor: f32) -> ContentMask<ScaledPixels> {
 501        ContentMask {
 502            bounds: self.bounds.scale(factor),
 503        }
 504    }
 505
 506    /// Intersect the content mask with the given content mask.
 507    pub fn intersect(&self, other: &Self) -> Self {
 508        let bounds = self.bounds.intersect(&other.bounds);
 509        ContentMask { bounds }
 510    }
 511}
 512
 513/// Provides access to application state in the context of a single window. Derefs
 514/// to an [`AppContext`], so you can also pass a [`WindowContext`] to any method that takes
 515/// an [`AppContext`] and call any [`AppContext`] methods.
 516pub struct WindowContext<'a> {
 517    pub(crate) app: &'a mut AppContext,
 518    pub(crate) window: &'a mut Window,
 519}
 520
 521impl<'a> WindowContext<'a> {
 522    pub(crate) fn new(app: &'a mut AppContext, window: &'a mut Window) -> Self {
 523        Self { app, window }
 524    }
 525
 526    /// Obtain a handle to the window that belongs to this context.
 527    pub fn window_handle(&self) -> AnyWindowHandle {
 528        self.window.handle
 529    }
 530
 531    /// Mark the window as dirty, scheduling it to be redrawn on the next frame.
 532    pub fn refresh(&mut self) {
 533        if !self.window.drawing {
 534            self.window.refreshing = true;
 535            self.window.dirty.set(true);
 536        }
 537    }
 538
 539    /// Close this window.
 540    pub fn remove_window(&mut self) {
 541        self.window.removed = true;
 542    }
 543
 544    /// Obtain a new [`FocusHandle`], which allows you to track and manipulate the keyboard focus
 545    /// for elements rendered within this window.
 546    pub fn focus_handle(&mut self) -> FocusHandle {
 547        FocusHandle::new(&self.window.focus_handles)
 548    }
 549
 550    /// Obtain the currently focused [`FocusHandle`]. If no elements are focused, returns `None`.
 551    pub fn focused(&self) -> Option<FocusHandle> {
 552        self.window
 553            .focus
 554            .and_then(|id| FocusHandle::for_id(id, &self.window.focus_handles))
 555    }
 556
 557    /// Move focus to the element associated with the given [`FocusHandle`].
 558    pub fn focus(&mut self, handle: &FocusHandle) {
 559        if !self.window.focus_enabled || self.window.focus == Some(handle.id) {
 560            return;
 561        }
 562
 563        self.window.focus = Some(handle.id);
 564        self.window
 565            .rendered_frame
 566            .dispatch_tree
 567            .clear_pending_keystrokes();
 568        self.refresh();
 569    }
 570
 571    /// Remove focus from all elements within this context's window.
 572    pub fn blur(&mut self) {
 573        if !self.window.focus_enabled {
 574            return;
 575        }
 576
 577        self.window.focus = None;
 578        self.refresh();
 579    }
 580
 581    /// Blur the window and don't allow anything in it to be focused again.
 582    pub fn disable_focus(&mut self) {
 583        self.blur();
 584        self.window.focus_enabled = false;
 585    }
 586
 587    /// Accessor for the text system.
 588    pub fn text_system(&self) -> &Arc<WindowTextSystem> {
 589        &self.window.text_system
 590    }
 591
 592    /// Dispatch the given action on the currently focused element.
 593    pub fn dispatch_action(&mut self, action: Box<dyn Action>) {
 594        let focus_handle = self.focused();
 595
 596        self.defer(move |cx| {
 597            let node_id = focus_handle
 598                .and_then(|handle| {
 599                    cx.window
 600                        .rendered_frame
 601                        .dispatch_tree
 602                        .focusable_node_id(handle.id)
 603                })
 604                .unwrap_or_else(|| cx.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.root_node_id());
 605
 606            cx.propagate_event = true;
 607            cx.dispatch_action_on_node(node_id, action);
 608        })
 609    }
 610
 611    pub(crate) fn dispatch_keystroke_observers(
 612        &mut self,
 613        event: &dyn Any,
 614        action: Option<Box<dyn Action>>,
 615    ) {
 616        let Some(key_down_event) = event.downcast_ref::<KeyDownEvent>() else {
 617            return;
 618        };
 619
 620        self.keystroke_observers
 621            .clone()
 622            .retain(&(), move |callback| {
 623                (callback)(
 624                    &KeystrokeEvent {
 625                        keystroke: key_down_event.keystroke.clone(),
 626                        action: action.as_ref().map(|action| action.boxed_clone()),
 627                    },
 628                    self,
 629                );
 630                true
 631            });
 632    }
 633
 634    pub(crate) fn clear_pending_keystrokes(&mut self) {
 635        self.window
 636            .rendered_frame
 637            .dispatch_tree
 638            .clear_pending_keystrokes();
 639        self.window
 640            .next_frame
 641            .dispatch_tree
 642            .clear_pending_keystrokes();
 643    }
 644
 645    /// Schedules the given function to be run at the end of the current effect cycle, allowing entities
 646    /// that are currently on the stack to be returned to the app.
 647    pub fn defer(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut WindowContext) + 'static) {
 648        let handle = self.window.handle;
 649        self.app.defer(move |cx| {
 650            handle.update(cx, |_, cx| f(cx)).ok();
 651        });
 652    }
 653
 654    /// Subscribe to events emitted by a model or view.
 655    /// The entity to which you're subscribing must implement the [`EventEmitter`] trait.
 656    /// The callback will be invoked a handle to the emitting entity (either a [`View`] or [`Model`]), the event, and a window context for the current window.
 657    pub fn subscribe<Emitter, E, Evt>(
 658        &mut self,
 659        entity: &E,
 660        mut on_event: impl FnMut(E, &Evt, &mut WindowContext<'_>) + 'static,
 661    ) -> Subscription
 662    where
 663        Emitter: EventEmitter<Evt>,
 664        E: Entity<Emitter>,
 665        Evt: 'static,
 666    {
 667        let entity_id = entity.entity_id();
 668        let entity = entity.downgrade();
 669        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
 670        self.app.new_subscription(
 671            entity_id,
 672            (
 673                TypeId::of::<Evt>(),
 674                Box::new(move |event, cx| {
 675                    window_handle
 676                        .update(cx, |_, cx| {
 677                            if let Some(handle) = E::upgrade_from(&entity) {
 678                                let event = event.downcast_ref().expect("invalid event type");
 679                                on_event(handle, event, cx);
 680                                true
 681                            } else {
 682                                false
 683                            }
 684                        })
 685                        .unwrap_or(false)
 686                }),
 687            ),
 688        )
 689    }
 690
 691    /// Creates an [`AsyncWindowContext`], which has a static lifetime and can be held across
 692    /// await points in async code.
 693    pub fn to_async(&self) -> AsyncWindowContext {
 694        AsyncWindowContext::new(self.app.to_async(), self.window.handle)
 695    }
 696
 697    /// Schedule the given closure to be run directly after the current frame is rendered.
 698    pub fn on_next_frame(&mut self, callback: impl FnOnce(&mut WindowContext) + 'static) {
 699        RefCell::borrow_mut(&self.window.next_frame_callbacks).push(Box::new(callback));
 700    }
 701
 702    /// Spawn the future returned by the given closure on the application thread pool.
 703    /// The closure is provided a handle to the current window and an `AsyncWindowContext` for
 704    /// use within your future.
 705    pub fn spawn<Fut, R>(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(AsyncWindowContext) -> Fut) -> Task<R>
 706    where
 707        R: 'static,
 708        Fut: Future<Output = R> + 'static,
 709    {
 710        self.app
 711            .spawn(|app| f(AsyncWindowContext::new(app, self.window.handle)))
 712    }
 713
 714    /// Updates the global of the given type. The given closure is given simultaneous mutable
 715    /// access both to the global and the context.
 716    pub fn update_global<G, R>(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut G, &mut Self) -> R) -> R
 717    where
 718        G: Global,
 719    {
 720        let mut global = self.app.lease_global::<G>();
 721        let result = f(&mut global, self);
 722        self.app.end_global_lease(global);
 723        result
 724    }
 725
 726    fn window_bounds_changed(&mut self) {
 727        self.window.scale_factor = self.window.platform_window.scale_factor();
 728        self.window.viewport_size = self.window.platform_window.content_size();
 729        self.window.bounds = self.window.platform_window.bounds();
 730        self.window.display_id = self.window.platform_window.display().id();
 731        self.refresh();
 732
 733        self.window
 734            .bounds_observers
 735            .clone()
 736            .retain(&(), |callback| callback(self));
 737    }
 738
 739    /// Returns the bounds of the current window in the global coordinate space, which could span across multiple displays.
 740    pub fn window_bounds(&self) -> WindowBounds {
 741        self.window.bounds
 742    }
 743
 744    fn appearance_changed(&mut self) {
 745        self.window.appearance = self.window.platform_window.appearance();
 746
 747        self.window
 748            .appearance_observers
 749            .clone()
 750            .retain(&(), |callback| callback(self));
 751    }
 752
 753    /// Returns the appearance of the current window.
 754    pub fn appearance(&self) -> WindowAppearance {
 755        self.window.appearance
 756    }
 757
 758    /// Returns the size of the drawable area within the window.
 759    pub fn viewport_size(&self) -> Size<Pixels> {
 760        self.window.viewport_size
 761    }
 762
 763    /// Returns whether this window is focused by the operating system (receiving key events).
 764    pub fn is_window_active(&self) -> bool {
 765        self.window.active.get()
 766    }
 767
 768    /// Toggle zoom on the window.
 769    pub fn zoom_window(&self) {
 770        self.window.platform_window.zoom();
 771    }
 772
 773    /// Updates the window's title at the platform level.
 774    pub fn set_window_title(&mut self, title: &str) {
 775        self.window.platform_window.set_title(title);
 776    }
 777
 778    /// Mark the window as dirty at the platform level.
 779    pub fn set_window_edited(&mut self, edited: bool) {
 780        self.window.platform_window.set_edited(edited);
 781    }
 782
 783    /// Determine the display on which the window is visible.
 784    pub fn display(&self) -> Option<Rc<dyn PlatformDisplay>> {
 785        self.platform
 786            .displays()
 787            .into_iter()
 788            .find(|display| display.id() == self.window.display_id)
 789    }
 790
 791    /// Show the platform character palette.
 792    pub fn show_character_palette(&self) {
 793        self.window.platform_window.show_character_palette();
 794    }
 795
 796    /// The scale factor of the display associated with the window. For example, it could
 797    /// return 2.0 for a "retina" display, indicating that each logical pixel should actually
 798    /// be rendered as two pixels on screen.
 799    pub fn scale_factor(&self) -> f32 {
 800        self.window.scale_factor
 801    }
 802
 803    /// The size of an em for the base font of the application. Adjusting this value allows the
 804    /// UI to scale, just like zooming a web page.
 805    pub fn rem_size(&self) -> Pixels {
 806        self.window.rem_size
 807    }
 808
 809    /// Sets the size of an em for the base font of the application. Adjusting this value allows the
 810    /// UI to scale, just like zooming a web page.
 811    pub fn set_rem_size(&mut self, rem_size: impl Into<Pixels>) {
 812        self.window.rem_size = rem_size.into();
 813    }
 814
 815    /// The line height associated with the current text style.
 816    pub fn line_height(&self) -> Pixels {
 817        let rem_size = self.rem_size();
 818        let text_style = self.text_style();
 819        text_style
 820            .line_height
 821            .to_pixels(text_style.font_size, rem_size)
 822    }
 823
 824    /// Call to prevent the default action of an event. Currently only used to prevent
 825    /// parent elements from becoming focused on mouse down.
 826    pub fn prevent_default(&mut self) {
 827        self.window.default_prevented = true;
 828    }
 829
 830    /// Obtain whether default has been prevented for the event currently being dispatched.
 831    pub fn default_prevented(&self) -> bool {
 832        self.window.default_prevented
 833    }
 834
 835    /// Determine whether the given action is available along the dispatch path to the currently focused element.
 836    pub fn is_action_available(&self, action: &dyn Action) -> bool {
 837        let target = self
 838            .focused()
 839            .and_then(|focused_handle| {
 840                self.window
 841                    .rendered_frame
 842                    .dispatch_tree
 843                    .focusable_node_id(focused_handle.id)
 844            })
 845            .unwrap_or_else(|| self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.root_node_id());
 846        self.window
 847            .rendered_frame
 848            .dispatch_tree
 849            .is_action_available(action, target)
 850    }
 851
 852    /// The position of the mouse relative to the window.
 853    pub fn mouse_position(&self) -> Point<Pixels> {
 854        self.window.mouse_position
 855    }
 856
 857    /// The current state of the keyboard's modifiers
 858    pub fn modifiers(&self) -> Modifiers {
 859        self.window.modifiers
 860    }
 861
 862    /// Returns true if there is no opaque layer containing the given point
 863    /// on top of the given level. Layers who are extensions of the queried layer
 864    /// are not considered to be on top of queried layer.
 865    pub fn was_top_layer(&self, point: &Point<Pixels>, layer: &StackingOrder) -> bool {
 866        // Precondition: the depth map is ordered from topmost to bottomost.
 867
 868        for (opaque_layer, _, bounds) in self.window.rendered_frame.depth_map.iter() {
 869            if layer >= opaque_layer {
 870                // The queried layer is either above or is the same as the this opaque layer.
 871                // Anything after this point is guaranteed to be below the queried layer.
 872                return true;
 873            }
 874
 875            if !bounds.contains(point) {
 876                // This opaque layer is above the queried layer but it doesn't contain
 877                // the given position, so we can ignore it even if it's above.
 878                continue;
 879            }
 880
 881            // At this point, we've established that this opaque layer is on top of the queried layer
 882            // and contains the position:
 883            // If neither the opaque layer or the queried layer is an extension of the other then
 884            // we know they are on different stacking orders, and return false.
 885            let is_on_same_layer = opaque_layer
 886                .iter()
 887                .zip(layer.iter())
 888                .all(|(a, b)| a.z_index == b.z_index);
 889
 890            if !is_on_same_layer {
 891                return false;
 892            }
 893        }
 894
 895        true
 896    }
 897
 898    pub(crate) fn was_top_layer_under_active_drag(
 899        &self,
 900        point: &Point<Pixels>,
 901        layer: &StackingOrder,
 902    ) -> bool {
 903        // Precondition: the depth map is ordered from topmost to bottomost.
 904
 905        for (opaque_layer, _, bounds) in self.window.rendered_frame.depth_map.iter() {
 906            if layer >= opaque_layer {
 907                // The queried layer is either above or is the same as the this opaque layer.
 908                // Anything after this point is guaranteed to be below the queried layer.
 909                return true;
 910            }
 911
 912            if !bounds.contains(point) {
 913                // This opaque layer is above the queried layer but it doesn't contain
 914                // the given position, so we can ignore it even if it's above.
 915                continue;
 916            }
 917
 918            // All normal content is rendered with a base z-index of 0, we know that if the root of this opaque layer
 919            // equals `ACTIVE_DRAG_Z_INDEX` then it must be the drag layer and we can ignore it as we are
 920            // looking to see if the queried layer was the topmost underneath the drag layer.
 921            if opaque_layer
 922                .first()
 923                .map(|c| c.z_index == ACTIVE_DRAG_Z_INDEX)
 924                .unwrap_or(false)
 925            {
 926                continue;
 927            }
 928
 929            // At this point, we've established that this opaque layer is on top of the queried layer
 930            // and contains the position:
 931            // If neither the opaque layer or the queried layer is an extension of the other then
 932            // we know they are on different stacking orders, and return false.
 933            let is_on_same_layer = opaque_layer
 934                .iter()
 935                .zip(layer.iter())
 936                .all(|(a, b)| a.z_index == b.z_index);
 937
 938            if !is_on_same_layer {
 939                return false;
 940            }
 941        }
 942
 943        true
 944    }
 945
 946    /// Called during painting to get the current stacking order.
 947    pub fn stacking_order(&self) -> &StackingOrder {
 948        &self.window.next_frame.z_index_stack
 949    }
 950
 951    /// Produces a new frame and assigns it to `rendered_frame`. To actually show
 952    /// the contents of the new [Scene], use [present].
 953    pub fn draw(&mut self) {
 954        self.window.dirty.set(false);
 955        self.window.drawing = true;
 956
 957        if let Some(requested_handler) = self.window.rendered_frame.requested_input_handler.as_mut()
 958        {
 959            let input_handler = self.window.platform_window.take_input_handler();
 960            requested_handler.handler = input_handler;
 961        }
 962
 963        let root_view = self.window.root_view.take().unwrap();
 964        self.with_element_context(|cx| {
 965            cx.with_z_index(0, |cx| {
 966                cx.with_key_dispatch(Some(KeyContext::default()), None, |_, cx| {
 967                    // We need to use cx.cx here so we can utilize borrow splitting
 968                    for (action_type, action_listeners) in &cx.cx.app.global_action_listeners {
 969                        for action_listener in action_listeners.iter().cloned() {
 970                            cx.cx.window.next_frame.dispatch_tree.on_action(
 971                                *action_type,
 972                                Rc::new(
 973                                    move |action: &dyn Any, phase, cx: &mut WindowContext<'_>| {
 974                                        action_listener(action, phase, cx)
 975                                    },
 976                                ),
 977                            )
 978                        }
 979                    }
 980
 981                    let available_space = cx.window.viewport_size.map(Into::into);
 982                    root_view.draw(Point::default(), available_space, cx);
 983                })
 984            })
 985        });
 986
 987        if let Some(active_drag) = self.app.active_drag.take() {
 988            self.with_element_context(|cx| {
 989                cx.with_z_index(ACTIVE_DRAG_Z_INDEX, |cx| {
 990                    let offset = cx.mouse_position() - active_drag.cursor_offset;
 991                    let available_space =
 992                        size(AvailableSpace::MinContent, AvailableSpace::MinContent);
 993                    active_drag.view.draw(offset, available_space, cx);
 994                })
 995            });
 996            self.active_drag = Some(active_drag);
 997        } else if let Some(tooltip_request) = self.window.next_frame.tooltip_request.take() {
 998            self.with_element_context(|cx| {
 999                cx.with_z_index(1, |cx| {
1000                    let available_space =
1001                        size(AvailableSpace::MinContent, AvailableSpace::MinContent);
1002                    tooltip_request.tooltip.view.draw(
1003                        tooltip_request.tooltip.cursor_offset,
1004                        available_space,
1005                        cx,
1006                    );
1007                })
1008            });
1009            self.window.next_frame.tooltip_request = Some(tooltip_request);
1010        }
1011        self.window.dirty_views.clear();
1012
1013        self.window
1014            .next_frame
1015            .dispatch_tree
1016            .preserve_pending_keystrokes(
1017                &mut self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree,
1018                self.window.focus,
1019            );
1020        self.window.next_frame.focus = self.window.focus;
1021        self.window.next_frame.window_active = self.window.active.get();
1022        self.window.root_view = Some(root_view);
1023
1024        // Set the cursor only if we're the active window.
1025        let cursor_style_request = self.window.next_frame.requested_cursor_style.take();
1026        if self.is_window_active() {
1027            let cursor_style =
1028                cursor_style_request.map_or(CursorStyle::Arrow, |request| request.style);
1029            self.platform.set_cursor_style(cursor_style);
1030        }
1031
1032        // Register requested input handler with the platform window.
1033        if let Some(requested_input) = self.window.next_frame.requested_input_handler.as_mut() {
1034            if let Some(handler) = requested_input.handler.take() {
1035                self.window.platform_window.set_input_handler(handler);
1036            }
1037        }
1038
1039        self.window.layout_engine.as_mut().unwrap().clear();
1040        self.text_system()
1041            .finish_frame(&self.window.next_frame.reused_views);
1042        self.window
1043            .next_frame
1044            .finish(&mut self.window.rendered_frame);
1045        ELEMENT_ARENA.with_borrow_mut(|element_arena| {
1046            let percentage = (element_arena.len() as f32 / element_arena.capacity() as f32) * 100.;
1047            if percentage >= 80. {
1048                log::warn!("elevated element arena occupation: {}.", percentage);
1049            }
1050            element_arena.clear();
1051        });
1052
1053        let previous_focus_path = self.window.rendered_frame.focus_path();
1054        let previous_window_active = self.window.rendered_frame.window_active;
1055        mem::swap(&mut self.window.rendered_frame, &mut self.window.next_frame);
1056        self.window.next_frame.clear();
1057        let current_focus_path = self.window.rendered_frame.focus_path();
1058        let current_window_active = self.window.rendered_frame.window_active;
1059
1060        if previous_focus_path != current_focus_path
1061            || previous_window_active != current_window_active
1062        {
1063            if !previous_focus_path.is_empty() && current_focus_path.is_empty() {
1064                self.window
1065                    .focus_lost_listeners
1066                    .clone()
1067                    .retain(&(), |listener| listener(self));
1068            }
1069
1070            let event = FocusEvent {
1071                previous_focus_path: if previous_window_active {
1072                    previous_focus_path
1073                } else {
1074                    Default::default()
1075                },
1076                current_focus_path: if current_window_active {
1077                    current_focus_path
1078                } else {
1079                    Default::default()
1080                },
1081            };
1082            self.window
1083                .focus_listeners
1084                .clone()
1085                .retain(&(), |listener| listener(&event, self));
1086        }
1087        self.window.refreshing = false;
1088        self.window.drawing = false;
1089        self.window.needs_present.set(true);
1090    }
1091
1092    fn present(&self) {
1093        self.window
1094            .platform_window
1095            .draw(&self.window.rendered_frame.scene);
1096        self.window.needs_present.set(false);
1097    }
1098
1099    /// Dispatch a given keystroke as though the user had typed it.
1100    /// You can create a keystroke with Keystroke::parse("").
1101    pub fn dispatch_keystroke(&mut self, keystroke: Keystroke) -> bool {
1102        let keystroke = keystroke.with_simulated_ime();
1103        if self.dispatch_event(PlatformInput::KeyDown(KeyDownEvent {
1104            keystroke: keystroke.clone(),
1105            is_held: false,
1106        })) {
1107            return true;
1108        }
1109
1110        if let Some(input) = keystroke.ime_key {
1111            if let Some(mut input_handler) = self.window.platform_window.take_input_handler() {
1112                input_handler.dispatch_input(&input, self);
1113                self.window.platform_window.set_input_handler(input_handler);
1114                return true;
1115            }
1116        }
1117
1118        false
1119    }
1120
1121    /// Dispatch a mouse or keyboard event on the window.
1122    pub fn dispatch_event(&mut self, event: PlatformInput) -> bool {
1123        self.window.last_input_timestamp.set(Instant::now());
1124        // Handlers may set this to false by calling `stop_propagation`.
1125        self.app.propagate_event = true;
1126        // Handlers may set this to true by calling `prevent_default`.
1127        self.window.default_prevented = false;
1128
1129        let event = match event {
1130            // Track the mouse position with our own state, since accessing the platform
1131            // API for the mouse position can only occur on the main thread.
1132            PlatformInput::MouseMove(mouse_move) => {
1133                self.window.mouse_position = mouse_move.position;
1134                self.window.modifiers = mouse_move.modifiers;
1135                PlatformInput::MouseMove(mouse_move)
1136            }
1137            PlatformInput::MouseDown(mouse_down) => {
1138                self.window.mouse_position = mouse_down.position;
1139                self.window.modifiers = mouse_down.modifiers;
1140                PlatformInput::MouseDown(mouse_down)
1141            }
1142            PlatformInput::MouseUp(mouse_up) => {
1143                self.window.mouse_position = mouse_up.position;
1144                self.window.modifiers = mouse_up.modifiers;
1145                PlatformInput::MouseUp(mouse_up)
1146            }
1147            PlatformInput::MouseExited(mouse_exited) => {
1148                self.window.modifiers = mouse_exited.modifiers;
1149                PlatformInput::MouseExited(mouse_exited)
1150            }
1151            PlatformInput::ModifiersChanged(modifiers_changed) => {
1152                self.window.modifiers = modifiers_changed.modifiers;
1153                PlatformInput::ModifiersChanged(modifiers_changed)
1154            }
1155            PlatformInput::ScrollWheel(scroll_wheel) => {
1156                self.window.mouse_position = scroll_wheel.position;
1157                self.window.modifiers = scroll_wheel.modifiers;
1158                PlatformInput::ScrollWheel(scroll_wheel)
1159            }
1160            // Translate dragging and dropping of external files from the operating system
1161            // to internal drag and drop events.
1162            PlatformInput::FileDrop(file_drop) => match file_drop {
1163                FileDropEvent::Entered { position, paths } => {
1164                    self.window.mouse_position = position;
1165                    if self.active_drag.is_none() {
1166                        self.active_drag = Some(AnyDrag {
1167                            value: Box::new(paths.clone()),
1168                            view: self.new_view(|_| paths).into(),
1169                            cursor_offset: position,
1170                        });
1171                    }
1172                    PlatformInput::MouseMove(MouseMoveEvent {
1173                        position,
1174                        pressed_button: Some(MouseButton::Left),
1175                        modifiers: Modifiers::default(),
1176                    })
1177                }
1178                FileDropEvent::Pending { position } => {
1179                    self.window.mouse_position = position;
1180                    PlatformInput::MouseMove(MouseMoveEvent {
1181                        position,
1182                        pressed_button: Some(MouseButton::Left),
1183                        modifiers: Modifiers::default(),
1184                    })
1185                }
1186                FileDropEvent::Submit { position } => {
1187                    self.activate(true);
1188                    self.window.mouse_position = position;
1189                    PlatformInput::MouseUp(MouseUpEvent {
1190                        button: MouseButton::Left,
1191                        position,
1192                        modifiers: Modifiers::default(),
1193                        click_count: 1,
1194                    })
1195                }
1196                FileDropEvent::Exited => PlatformInput::MouseUp(MouseUpEvent {
1197                    button: MouseButton::Left,
1198                    position: Point::default(),
1199                    modifiers: Modifiers::default(),
1200                    click_count: 1,
1201                }),
1202            },
1203            PlatformInput::KeyDown(_) | PlatformInput::KeyUp(_) => event,
1204        };
1205
1206        if let Some(any_mouse_event) = event.mouse_event() {
1207            self.dispatch_mouse_event(any_mouse_event);
1208        } else if let Some(any_key_event) = event.keyboard_event() {
1209            self.dispatch_key_event(any_key_event);
1210        }
1211
1212        !self.app.propagate_event
1213    }
1214
1215    fn dispatch_mouse_event(&mut self, event: &dyn Any) {
1216        if let Some(mut handlers) = self
1217            .window
1218            .rendered_frame
1219            .mouse_listeners
1220            .remove(&event.type_id())
1221        {
1222            // Because handlers may add other handlers, we sort every time.
1223            handlers.sort_by(|(a, _, _), (b, _, _)| a.cmp(b));
1224
1225            // Capture phase, events bubble from back to front. Handlers for this phase are used for
1226            // special purposes, such as detecting events outside of a given Bounds.
1227            for (_, _, handler) in &mut handlers {
1228                self.with_element_context(|cx| {
1229                    handler(event, DispatchPhase::Capture, cx);
1230                });
1231                if !self.app.propagate_event {
1232                    break;
1233                }
1234            }
1235
1236            // Bubble phase, where most normal handlers do their work.
1237            if self.app.propagate_event {
1238                for (_, _, handler) in handlers.iter_mut().rev() {
1239                    self.with_element_context(|cx| {
1240                        handler(event, DispatchPhase::Bubble, cx);
1241                    });
1242                    if !self.app.propagate_event {
1243                        break;
1244                    }
1245                }
1246            }
1247
1248            self.window
1249                .rendered_frame
1250                .mouse_listeners
1251                .insert(event.type_id(), handlers);
1252        }
1253
1254        if self.app.propagate_event && self.has_active_drag() {
1255            if event.is::<MouseMoveEvent>() {
1256                // If this was a mouse move event, redraw the window so that the
1257                // active drag can follow the mouse cursor.
1258                self.refresh();
1259            } else if event.is::<MouseUpEvent>() {
1260                // If this was a mouse up event, cancel the active drag and redraw
1261                // the window.
1262                self.active_drag = None;
1263                self.refresh();
1264            }
1265        }
1266    }
1267
1268    fn dispatch_key_event(&mut self, event: &dyn Any) {
1269        if self.window.dirty.get() {
1270            self.draw();
1271        }
1272
1273        let node_id = self
1274            .window
1275            .focus
1276            .and_then(|focus_id| {
1277                self.window
1278                    .rendered_frame
1279                    .dispatch_tree
1280                    .focusable_node_id(focus_id)
1281            })
1282            .unwrap_or_else(|| self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.root_node_id());
1283
1284        let dispatch_path = self
1285            .window
1286            .rendered_frame
1287            .dispatch_tree
1288            .dispatch_path(node_id);
1289
1290        if let Some(key_down_event) = event.downcast_ref::<KeyDownEvent>() {
1291            let KeymatchResult { bindings, pending } = self
1292                .window
1293                .rendered_frame
1294                .dispatch_tree
1295                .dispatch_key(&key_down_event.keystroke, &dispatch_path);
1296
1297            if pending {
1298                let mut currently_pending = self.window.pending_input.take().unwrap_or_default();
1299                if currently_pending.focus.is_some() && currently_pending.focus != self.window.focus
1300                {
1301                    currently_pending = PendingInput::default();
1302                }
1303                currently_pending.focus = self.window.focus;
1304                currently_pending
1305                    .keystrokes
1306                    .push(key_down_event.keystroke.clone());
1307                for binding in bindings {
1308                    currently_pending.bindings.push(binding);
1309                }
1310
1311                currently_pending.timer = Some(self.spawn(|mut cx| async move {
1312                    cx.background_executor.timer(Duration::from_secs(1)).await;
1313                    cx.update(move |cx| {
1314                        cx.clear_pending_keystrokes();
1315                        let Some(currently_pending) = cx.window.pending_input.take() else {
1316                            return;
1317                        };
1318                        cx.replay_pending_input(currently_pending)
1319                    })
1320                    .log_err();
1321                }));
1322                self.window.pending_input = Some(currently_pending);
1323
1324                self.propagate_event = false;
1325                return;
1326            } else if let Some(currently_pending) = self.window.pending_input.take() {
1327                if bindings
1328                    .iter()
1329                    .all(|binding| !currently_pending.used_by_binding(binding))
1330                {
1331                    self.replay_pending_input(currently_pending)
1332                }
1333            }
1334
1335            if !bindings.is_empty() {
1336                self.clear_pending_keystrokes();
1337            }
1338
1339            self.propagate_event = true;
1340            for binding in bindings {
1341                self.dispatch_action_on_node(node_id, binding.action.boxed_clone());
1342                if !self.propagate_event {
1343                    self.dispatch_keystroke_observers(event, Some(binding.action));
1344                    return;
1345                }
1346            }
1347        }
1348
1349        self.dispatch_key_down_up_event(event, &dispatch_path);
1350        if !self.propagate_event {
1351            return;
1352        }
1353
1354        self.dispatch_keystroke_observers(event, None);
1355    }
1356
1357    fn dispatch_key_down_up_event(
1358        &mut self,
1359        event: &dyn Any,
1360        dispatch_path: &SmallVec<[DispatchNodeId; 32]>,
1361    ) {
1362        // Capture phase
1363        for node_id in dispatch_path {
1364            let node = self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.node(*node_id);
1365
1366            for key_listener in node.key_listeners.clone() {
1367                self.with_element_context(|cx| {
1368                    key_listener(event, DispatchPhase::Capture, cx);
1369                });
1370                if !self.propagate_event {
1371                    return;
1372                }
1373            }
1374        }
1375
1376        // Bubble phase
1377        for node_id in dispatch_path.iter().rev() {
1378            // Handle low level key events
1379            let node = self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.node(*node_id);
1380            for key_listener in node.key_listeners.clone() {
1381                self.with_element_context(|cx| {
1382                    key_listener(event, DispatchPhase::Bubble, cx);
1383                });
1384                if !self.propagate_event {
1385                    return;
1386                }
1387            }
1388        }
1389    }
1390
1391    /// Determine whether a potential multi-stroke key binding is in progress on this window.
1392    pub fn has_pending_keystrokes(&self) -> bool {
1393        self.window
1394            .rendered_frame
1395            .dispatch_tree
1396            .has_pending_keystrokes()
1397    }
1398
1399    fn replay_pending_input(&mut self, currently_pending: PendingInput) {
1400        let node_id = self
1401            .window
1402            .focus
1403            .and_then(|focus_id| {
1404                self.window
1405                    .rendered_frame
1406                    .dispatch_tree
1407                    .focusable_node_id(focus_id)
1408            })
1409            .unwrap_or_else(|| self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.root_node_id());
1410
1411        if self.window.focus != currently_pending.focus {
1412            return;
1413        }
1414
1415        let input = currently_pending.input();
1416
1417        self.propagate_event = true;
1418        for binding in currently_pending.bindings {
1419            self.dispatch_action_on_node(node_id, binding.action.boxed_clone());
1420            if !self.propagate_event {
1421                return;
1422            }
1423        }
1424
1425        let dispatch_path = self
1426            .window
1427            .rendered_frame
1428            .dispatch_tree
1429            .dispatch_path(node_id);
1430
1431        for keystroke in currently_pending.keystrokes {
1432            let event = KeyDownEvent {
1433                keystroke,
1434                is_held: false,
1435            };
1436
1437            self.dispatch_key_down_up_event(&event, &dispatch_path);
1438            if !self.propagate_event {
1439                return;
1440            }
1441        }
1442
1443        if !input.is_empty() {
1444            if let Some(mut input_handler) = self.window.platform_window.take_input_handler() {
1445                input_handler.dispatch_input(&input, self);
1446                self.window.platform_window.set_input_handler(input_handler)
1447            }
1448        }
1449    }
1450
1451    fn dispatch_action_on_node(&mut self, node_id: DispatchNodeId, action: Box<dyn Action>) {
1452        let dispatch_path = self
1453            .window
1454            .rendered_frame
1455            .dispatch_tree
1456            .dispatch_path(node_id);
1457
1458        // Capture phase
1459        for node_id in &dispatch_path {
1460            let node = self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.node(*node_id);
1461            for DispatchActionListener {
1462                action_type,
1463                listener,
1464            } in node.action_listeners.clone()
1465            {
1466                let any_action = action.as_any();
1467                if action_type == any_action.type_id() {
1468                    self.with_element_context(|cx| {
1469                        listener(any_action, DispatchPhase::Capture, cx);
1470                    });
1471
1472                    if !self.propagate_event {
1473                        return;
1474                    }
1475                }
1476            }
1477        }
1478        // Bubble phase
1479        for node_id in dispatch_path.iter().rev() {
1480            let node = self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.node(*node_id);
1481            for DispatchActionListener {
1482                action_type,
1483                listener,
1484            } in node.action_listeners.clone()
1485            {
1486                let any_action = action.as_any();
1487                if action_type == any_action.type_id() {
1488                    self.propagate_event = false; // Actions stop propagation by default during the bubble phase
1489
1490                    self.with_element_context(|cx| {
1491                        listener(any_action, DispatchPhase::Bubble, cx);
1492                    });
1493
1494                    if !self.propagate_event {
1495                        return;
1496                    }
1497                }
1498            }
1499        }
1500    }
1501
1502    /// Toggle the graphics profiler to debug your application's rendering performance.
1503    pub fn toggle_graphics_profiler(&mut self) {
1504        self.window.graphics_profiler_enabled = !self.window.graphics_profiler_enabled;
1505        self.window
1506            .platform_window
1507            .set_graphics_profiler_enabled(self.window.graphics_profiler_enabled);
1508    }
1509
1510    /// Register the given handler to be invoked whenever the global of the given type
1511    /// is updated.
1512    pub fn observe_global<G: Global>(
1513        &mut self,
1514        f: impl Fn(&mut WindowContext<'_>) + 'static,
1515    ) -> Subscription {
1516        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
1517        let (subscription, activate) = self.global_observers.insert(
1518            TypeId::of::<G>(),
1519            Box::new(move |cx| window_handle.update(cx, |_, cx| f(cx)).is_ok()),
1520        );
1521        self.app.defer(move |_| activate());
1522        subscription
1523    }
1524
1525    /// Focus the current window and bring it to the foreground at the platform level.
1526    pub fn activate_window(&self) {
1527        self.window.platform_window.activate();
1528    }
1529
1530    /// Minimize the current window at the platform level.
1531    pub fn minimize_window(&self) {
1532        self.window.platform_window.minimize();
1533    }
1534
1535    /// Toggle full screen status on the current window at the platform level.
1536    pub fn toggle_full_screen(&self) {
1537        self.window.platform_window.toggle_full_screen();
1538    }
1539
1540    /// Present a platform dialog.
1541    /// The provided message will be presented, along with buttons for each answer.
1542    /// When a button is clicked, the returned Receiver will receive the index of the clicked button.
1543    pub fn prompt(
1544        &self,
1545        level: PromptLevel,
1546        message: &str,
1547        detail: Option<&str>,
1548        answers: &[&str],
1549    ) -> oneshot::Receiver<usize> {
1550        self.window
1551            .platform_window
1552            .prompt(level, message, detail, answers)
1553    }
1554
1555    /// Returns all available actions for the focused element.
1556    pub fn available_actions(&self) -> Vec<Box<dyn Action>> {
1557        let node_id = self
1558            .window
1559            .focus
1560            .and_then(|focus_id| {
1561                self.window
1562                    .rendered_frame
1563                    .dispatch_tree
1564                    .focusable_node_id(focus_id)
1565            })
1566            .unwrap_or_else(|| self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.root_node_id());
1567
1568        self.window
1569            .rendered_frame
1570            .dispatch_tree
1571            .available_actions(node_id)
1572    }
1573
1574    /// Returns key bindings that invoke the given action on the currently focused element.
1575    pub fn bindings_for_action(&self, action: &dyn Action) -> Vec<KeyBinding> {
1576        self.window
1577            .rendered_frame
1578            .dispatch_tree
1579            .bindings_for_action(
1580                action,
1581                &self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree.context_stack,
1582            )
1583    }
1584
1585    /// Returns any bindings that would invoke the given action on the given focus handle if it were focused.
1586    pub fn bindings_for_action_in(
1587        &self,
1588        action: &dyn Action,
1589        focus_handle: &FocusHandle,
1590    ) -> Vec<KeyBinding> {
1591        let dispatch_tree = &self.window.rendered_frame.dispatch_tree;
1592
1593        let Some(node_id) = dispatch_tree.focusable_node_id(focus_handle.id) else {
1594            return vec![];
1595        };
1596        let context_stack: Vec<_> = dispatch_tree
1597            .dispatch_path(node_id)
1598            .into_iter()
1599            .filter_map(|node_id| dispatch_tree.node(node_id).context.clone())
1600            .collect();
1601        dispatch_tree.bindings_for_action(action, &context_stack)
1602    }
1603
1604    /// Returns a generic event listener that invokes the given listener with the view and context associated with the given view handle.
1605    pub fn listener_for<V: Render, E>(
1606        &self,
1607        view: &View<V>,
1608        f: impl Fn(&mut V, &E, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
1609    ) -> impl Fn(&E, &mut WindowContext) + 'static {
1610        let view = view.downgrade();
1611        move |e: &E, cx: &mut WindowContext| {
1612            view.update(cx, |view, cx| f(view, e, cx)).ok();
1613        }
1614    }
1615
1616    /// Returns a generic handler that invokes the given handler with the view and context associated with the given view handle.
1617    pub fn handler_for<V: Render>(
1618        &self,
1619        view: &View<V>,
1620        f: impl Fn(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
1621    ) -> impl Fn(&mut WindowContext) {
1622        let view = view.downgrade();
1623        move |cx: &mut WindowContext| {
1624            view.update(cx, |view, cx| f(view, cx)).ok();
1625        }
1626    }
1627
1628    /// Register a callback that can interrupt the closing of the current window based the returned boolean.
1629    /// If the callback returns false, the window won't be closed.
1630    pub fn on_window_should_close(&mut self, f: impl Fn(&mut WindowContext) -> bool + 'static) {
1631        let mut this = self.to_async();
1632        self.window
1633            .platform_window
1634            .on_should_close(Box::new(move || this.update(|cx| f(cx)).unwrap_or(true)))
1635    }
1636
1637    pub(crate) fn parent_view_id(&self) -> EntityId {
1638        *self
1639            .window
1640            .next_frame
1641            .view_stack
1642            .last()
1643            .expect("a view should always be on the stack while drawing")
1644    }
1645
1646    /// Register an action listener on the window for the next frame. The type of action
1647    /// is determined by the first parameter of the given listener. When the next frame is rendered
1648    /// the listener will be cleared.
1649    ///
1650    /// This is a fairly low-level method, so prefer using action handlers on elements unless you have
1651    /// a specific need to register a global listener.
1652    pub fn on_action(
1653        &mut self,
1654        action_type: TypeId,
1655        listener: impl Fn(&dyn Any, DispatchPhase, &mut WindowContext) + 'static,
1656    ) {
1657        self.window
1658            .next_frame
1659            .dispatch_tree
1660            .on_action(action_type, Rc::new(listener));
1661    }
1662}
1663
1664impl Context for WindowContext<'_> {
1665    type Result<T> = T;
1666
1667    fn new_model<T>(&mut self, build_model: impl FnOnce(&mut ModelContext<'_, T>) -> T) -> Model<T>
1668    where
1669        T: 'static,
1670    {
1671        let slot = self.app.entities.reserve();
1672        let model = build_model(&mut ModelContext::new(&mut *self.app, slot.downgrade()));
1673        self.entities.insert(slot, model)
1674    }
1675
1676    fn update_model<T: 'static, R>(
1677        &mut self,
1678        model: &Model<T>,
1679        update: impl FnOnce(&mut T, &mut ModelContext<'_, T>) -> R,
1680    ) -> R {
1681        let mut entity = self.entities.lease(model);
1682        let result = update(
1683            &mut *entity,
1684            &mut ModelContext::new(&mut *self.app, model.downgrade()),
1685        );
1686        self.entities.end_lease(entity);
1687        result
1688    }
1689
1690    fn update_window<T, F>(&mut self, window: AnyWindowHandle, update: F) -> Result<T>
1691    where
1692        F: FnOnce(AnyView, &mut WindowContext<'_>) -> T,
1693    {
1694        if window == self.window.handle {
1695            let root_view = self.window.root_view.clone().unwrap();
1696            Ok(update(root_view, self))
1697        } else {
1698            window.update(self.app, update)
1699        }
1700    }
1701
1702    fn read_model<T, R>(
1703        &self,
1704        handle: &Model<T>,
1705        read: impl FnOnce(&T, &AppContext) -> R,
1706    ) -> Self::Result<R>
1707    where
1708        T: 'static,
1709    {
1710        let entity = self.entities.read(handle);
1711        read(entity, &*self.app)
1712    }
1713
1714    fn read_window<T, R>(
1715        &self,
1716        window: &WindowHandle<T>,
1717        read: impl FnOnce(View<T>, &AppContext) -> R,
1718    ) -> Result<R>
1719    where
1720        T: 'static,
1721    {
1722        if window.any_handle == self.window.handle {
1723            let root_view = self
1724                .window
1725                .root_view
1726                .clone()
1727                .unwrap()
1728                .downcast::<T>()
1729                .map_err(|_| anyhow!("the type of the window's root view has changed"))?;
1730            Ok(read(root_view, self))
1731        } else {
1732            self.app.read_window(window, read)
1733        }
1734    }
1735}
1736
1737impl VisualContext for WindowContext<'_> {
1738    fn new_view<V>(
1739        &mut self,
1740        build_view_state: impl FnOnce(&mut ViewContext<'_, V>) -> V,
1741    ) -> Self::Result<View<V>>
1742    where
1743        V: 'static + Render,
1744    {
1745        let slot = self.app.entities.reserve();
1746        let view = View {
1747            model: slot.clone(),
1748        };
1749        let mut cx = ViewContext::new(&mut *self.app, &mut *self.window, &view);
1750        let entity = build_view_state(&mut cx);
1751        cx.entities.insert(slot, entity);
1752
1753        // Non-generic part to avoid leaking SubscriberSet to invokers of `new_view`.
1754        fn notify_observers(cx: &mut WindowContext, tid: TypeId, view: AnyView) {
1755            cx.new_view_observers.clone().retain(&tid, |observer| {
1756                let any_view = view.clone();
1757                (observer)(any_view, cx);
1758                true
1759            });
1760        }
1761        notify_observers(self, TypeId::of::<V>(), AnyView::from(view.clone()));
1762
1763        view
1764    }
1765
1766    /// Updates the given view. Prefer calling [`View::update`] instead, which calls this method.
1767    fn update_view<T: 'static, R>(
1768        &mut self,
1769        view: &View<T>,
1770        update: impl FnOnce(&mut T, &mut ViewContext<'_, T>) -> R,
1771    ) -> Self::Result<R> {
1772        let mut lease = self.app.entities.lease(&view.model);
1773        let mut cx = ViewContext::new(&mut *self.app, &mut *self.window, view);
1774        let result = update(&mut *lease, &mut cx);
1775        cx.app.entities.end_lease(lease);
1776        result
1777    }
1778
1779    fn replace_root_view<V>(
1780        &mut self,
1781        build_view: impl FnOnce(&mut ViewContext<'_, V>) -> V,
1782    ) -> Self::Result<View<V>>
1783    where
1784        V: 'static + Render,
1785    {
1786        let view = self.new_view(build_view);
1787        self.window.root_view = Some(view.clone().into());
1788        self.refresh();
1789        view
1790    }
1791
1792    fn focus_view<V: crate::FocusableView>(&mut self, view: &View<V>) -> Self::Result<()> {
1793        self.update_view(view, |view, cx| {
1794            view.focus_handle(cx).clone().focus(cx);
1795        })
1796    }
1797
1798    fn dismiss_view<V>(&mut self, view: &View<V>) -> Self::Result<()>
1799    where
1800        V: ManagedView,
1801    {
1802        self.update_view(view, |_, cx| cx.emit(DismissEvent))
1803    }
1804}
1805
1806impl<'a> std::ops::Deref for WindowContext<'a> {
1807    type Target = AppContext;
1808
1809    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
1810        self.app
1811    }
1812}
1813
1814impl<'a> std::ops::DerefMut for WindowContext<'a> {
1815    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
1816        self.app
1817    }
1818}
1819
1820impl<'a> Borrow<AppContext> for WindowContext<'a> {
1821    fn borrow(&self) -> &AppContext {
1822        self.app
1823    }
1824}
1825
1826impl<'a> BorrowMut<AppContext> for WindowContext<'a> {
1827    fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut AppContext {
1828        self.app
1829    }
1830}
1831
1832/// This trait contains functionality that is shared across [`ViewContext`] and [`WindowContext`]
1833pub trait BorrowWindow: BorrowMut<Window> + BorrowMut<AppContext> {
1834    #[doc(hidden)]
1835    fn app_mut(&mut self) -> &mut AppContext {
1836        self.borrow_mut()
1837    }
1838
1839    #[doc(hidden)]
1840    fn app(&self) -> &AppContext {
1841        self.borrow()
1842    }
1843
1844    #[doc(hidden)]
1845    fn window(&self) -> &Window {
1846        self.borrow()
1847    }
1848
1849    #[doc(hidden)]
1850    fn window_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Window {
1851        self.borrow_mut()
1852    }
1853}
1854
1855impl Borrow<Window> for WindowContext<'_> {
1856    fn borrow(&self) -> &Window {
1857        self.window
1858    }
1859}
1860
1861impl BorrowMut<Window> for WindowContext<'_> {
1862    fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Window {
1863        self.window
1864    }
1865}
1866
1867impl<T> BorrowWindow for T where T: BorrowMut<AppContext> + BorrowMut<Window> {}
1868
1869/// Provides access to application state that is specialized for a particular [`View`].
1870/// Allows you to interact with focus, emit events, etc.
1871/// ViewContext also derefs to [`WindowContext`], giving you access to all of its methods as well.
1872/// When you call [`View::update`], you're passed a `&mut V` and an `&mut ViewContext<V>`.
1873pub struct ViewContext<'a, V> {
1874    window_cx: WindowContext<'a>,
1875    view: &'a View<V>,
1876}
1877
1878impl<V> Borrow<AppContext> for ViewContext<'_, V> {
1879    fn borrow(&self) -> &AppContext {
1880        &*self.window_cx.app
1881    }
1882}
1883
1884impl<V> BorrowMut<AppContext> for ViewContext<'_, V> {
1885    fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut AppContext {
1886        &mut *self.window_cx.app
1887    }
1888}
1889
1890impl<V> Borrow<Window> for ViewContext<'_, V> {
1891    fn borrow(&self) -> &Window {
1892        &*self.window_cx.window
1893    }
1894}
1895
1896impl<V> BorrowMut<Window> for ViewContext<'_, V> {
1897    fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Window {
1898        &mut *self.window_cx.window
1899    }
1900}
1901
1902impl<'a, V: 'static> ViewContext<'a, V> {
1903    pub(crate) fn new(app: &'a mut AppContext, window: &'a mut Window, view: &'a View<V>) -> Self {
1904        Self {
1905            window_cx: WindowContext::new(app, window),
1906            view,
1907        }
1908    }
1909
1910    /// Get the entity_id of this view.
1911    pub fn entity_id(&self) -> EntityId {
1912        self.view.entity_id()
1913    }
1914
1915    /// Get the view pointer underlying this context.
1916    pub fn view(&self) -> &View<V> {
1917        self.view
1918    }
1919
1920    /// Get the model underlying this view.
1921    pub fn model(&self) -> &Model<V> {
1922        &self.view.model
1923    }
1924
1925    /// Access the underlying window context.
1926    pub fn window_context(&mut self) -> &mut WindowContext<'a> {
1927        &mut self.window_cx
1928    }
1929
1930    /// Sets a given callback to be run on the next frame.
1931    pub fn on_next_frame(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static)
1932    where
1933        V: 'static,
1934    {
1935        let view = self.view().clone();
1936        self.window_cx.on_next_frame(move |cx| view.update(cx, f));
1937    }
1938
1939    /// Schedules the given function to be run at the end of the current effect cycle, allowing entities
1940    /// that are currently on the stack to be returned to the app.
1941    pub fn defer(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static) {
1942        let view = self.view().downgrade();
1943        self.window_cx.defer(move |cx| {
1944            view.update(cx, f).ok();
1945        });
1946    }
1947
1948    /// Observe another model or view for changes to its state, as tracked by [`ModelContext::notify`].
1949    pub fn observe<V2, E>(
1950        &mut self,
1951        entity: &E,
1952        mut on_notify: impl FnMut(&mut V, E, &mut ViewContext<'_, V>) + 'static,
1953    ) -> Subscription
1954    where
1955        V2: 'static,
1956        V: 'static,
1957        E: Entity<V2>,
1958    {
1959        let view = self.view().downgrade();
1960        let entity_id = entity.entity_id();
1961        let entity = entity.downgrade();
1962        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
1963        self.app.new_observer(
1964            entity_id,
1965            Box::new(move |cx| {
1966                window_handle
1967                    .update(cx, |_, cx| {
1968                        if let Some(handle) = E::upgrade_from(&entity) {
1969                            view.update(cx, |this, cx| on_notify(this, handle, cx))
1970                                .is_ok()
1971                        } else {
1972                            false
1973                        }
1974                    })
1975                    .unwrap_or(false)
1976            }),
1977        )
1978    }
1979
1980    /// Subscribe to events emitted by another model or view.
1981    /// The entity to which you're subscribing must implement the [`EventEmitter`] trait.
1982    /// The callback will be invoked with a reference to the current view, a handle to the emitting entity (either a [`View`] or [`Model`]), the event, and a view context for the current view.
1983    pub fn subscribe<V2, E, Evt>(
1984        &mut self,
1985        entity: &E,
1986        mut on_event: impl FnMut(&mut V, E, &Evt, &mut ViewContext<'_, V>) + 'static,
1987    ) -> Subscription
1988    where
1989        V2: EventEmitter<Evt>,
1990        E: Entity<V2>,
1991        Evt: 'static,
1992    {
1993        let view = self.view().downgrade();
1994        let entity_id = entity.entity_id();
1995        let handle = entity.downgrade();
1996        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
1997        self.app.new_subscription(
1998            entity_id,
1999            (
2000                TypeId::of::<Evt>(),
2001                Box::new(move |event, cx| {
2002                    window_handle
2003                        .update(cx, |_, cx| {
2004                            if let Some(handle) = E::upgrade_from(&handle) {
2005                                let event = event.downcast_ref().expect("invalid event type");
2006                                view.update(cx, |this, cx| on_event(this, handle, event, cx))
2007                                    .is_ok()
2008                            } else {
2009                                false
2010                            }
2011                        })
2012                        .unwrap_or(false)
2013                }),
2014            ),
2015        )
2016    }
2017
2018    /// Register a callback to be invoked when the view is released.
2019    ///
2020    /// The callback receives a handle to the view's window. This handle may be
2021    /// invalid, if the window was closed before the view was released.
2022    pub fn on_release(
2023        &mut self,
2024        on_release: impl FnOnce(&mut V, AnyWindowHandle, &mut AppContext) + 'static,
2025    ) -> Subscription {
2026        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
2027        let (subscription, activate) = self.app.release_listeners.insert(
2028            self.view.model.entity_id,
2029            Box::new(move |this, cx| {
2030                let this = this.downcast_mut().expect("invalid entity type");
2031                on_release(this, window_handle, cx)
2032            }),
2033        );
2034        activate();
2035        subscription
2036    }
2037
2038    /// Register a callback to be invoked when the given Model or View is released.
2039    pub fn observe_release<V2, E>(
2040        &mut self,
2041        entity: &E,
2042        mut on_release: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut V2, &mut ViewContext<'_, V>) + 'static,
2043    ) -> Subscription
2044    where
2045        V: 'static,
2046        V2: 'static,
2047        E: Entity<V2>,
2048    {
2049        let view = self.view().downgrade();
2050        let entity_id = entity.entity_id();
2051        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
2052        let (subscription, activate) = self.app.release_listeners.insert(
2053            entity_id,
2054            Box::new(move |entity, cx| {
2055                let entity = entity.downcast_mut().expect("invalid entity type");
2056                let _ = window_handle.update(cx, |_, cx| {
2057                    view.update(cx, |this, cx| on_release(this, entity, cx))
2058                });
2059            }),
2060        );
2061        activate();
2062        subscription
2063    }
2064
2065    /// Indicate that this view has changed, which will invoke any observers and also mark the window as dirty.
2066    /// If this view or any of its ancestors are *cached*, notifying it will cause it or its ancestors to be redrawn.
2067    pub fn notify(&mut self) {
2068        for view_id in self
2069            .window
2070            .rendered_frame
2071            .dispatch_tree
2072            .view_path(self.view.entity_id())
2073            .into_iter()
2074            .rev()
2075        {
2076            if !self.window.dirty_views.insert(view_id) {
2077                break;
2078            }
2079        }
2080
2081        if !self.window.drawing {
2082            self.window_cx.window.dirty.set(true);
2083            self.window_cx.app.push_effect(Effect::Notify {
2084                emitter: self.view.model.entity_id,
2085            });
2086        }
2087    }
2088
2089    /// Register a callback to be invoked when the window is resized.
2090    pub fn observe_window_bounds(
2091        &mut self,
2092        mut callback: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2093    ) -> Subscription {
2094        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2095        let (subscription, activate) = self.window.bounds_observers.insert(
2096            (),
2097            Box::new(move |cx| view.update(cx, |view, cx| callback(view, cx)).is_ok()),
2098        );
2099        activate();
2100        subscription
2101    }
2102
2103    /// Register a callback to be invoked when the window is activated or deactivated.
2104    pub fn observe_window_activation(
2105        &mut self,
2106        mut callback: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2107    ) -> Subscription {
2108        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2109        let (subscription, activate) = self.window.activation_observers.insert(
2110            (),
2111            Box::new(move |cx| view.update(cx, |view, cx| callback(view, cx)).is_ok()),
2112        );
2113        activate();
2114        subscription
2115    }
2116
2117    /// Registers a callback to be invoked when the window appearance changes.
2118    pub fn observe_window_appearance(
2119        &mut self,
2120        mut callback: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2121    ) -> Subscription {
2122        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2123        let (subscription, activate) = self.window.appearance_observers.insert(
2124            (),
2125            Box::new(move |cx| view.update(cx, |view, cx| callback(view, cx)).is_ok()),
2126        );
2127        activate();
2128        subscription
2129    }
2130
2131    /// Register a listener to be called when the given focus handle receives focus.
2132    /// Returns a subscription and persists until the subscription is dropped.
2133    pub fn on_focus(
2134        &mut self,
2135        handle: &FocusHandle,
2136        mut listener: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2137    ) -> Subscription {
2138        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2139        let focus_id = handle.id;
2140        let (subscription, activate) =
2141            self.window.new_focus_listener(Box::new(move |event, cx| {
2142                view.update(cx, |view, cx| {
2143                    if event.previous_focus_path.last() != Some(&focus_id)
2144                        && event.current_focus_path.last() == Some(&focus_id)
2145                    {
2146                        listener(view, cx)
2147                    }
2148                })
2149                .is_ok()
2150            }));
2151        self.app.defer(|_| activate());
2152        subscription
2153    }
2154
2155    /// Register a listener to be called when the given focus handle or one of its descendants receives focus.
2156    /// Returns a subscription and persists until the subscription is dropped.
2157    pub fn on_focus_in(
2158        &mut self,
2159        handle: &FocusHandle,
2160        mut listener: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2161    ) -> Subscription {
2162        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2163        let focus_id = handle.id;
2164        let (subscription, activate) =
2165            self.window.new_focus_listener(Box::new(move |event, cx| {
2166                view.update(cx, |view, cx| {
2167                    if !event.previous_focus_path.contains(&focus_id)
2168                        && event.current_focus_path.contains(&focus_id)
2169                    {
2170                        listener(view, cx)
2171                    }
2172                })
2173                .is_ok()
2174            }));
2175        self.app.defer(move |_| activate());
2176        subscription
2177    }
2178
2179    /// Register a listener to be called when the given focus handle loses focus.
2180    /// Returns a subscription and persists until the subscription is dropped.
2181    pub fn on_blur(
2182        &mut self,
2183        handle: &FocusHandle,
2184        mut listener: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2185    ) -> Subscription {
2186        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2187        let focus_id = handle.id;
2188        let (subscription, activate) =
2189            self.window.new_focus_listener(Box::new(move |event, cx| {
2190                view.update(cx, |view, cx| {
2191                    if event.previous_focus_path.last() == Some(&focus_id)
2192                        && event.current_focus_path.last() != Some(&focus_id)
2193                    {
2194                        listener(view, cx)
2195                    }
2196                })
2197                .is_ok()
2198            }));
2199        self.app.defer(move |_| activate());
2200        subscription
2201    }
2202
2203    /// Register a listener to be called when nothing in the window has focus.
2204    /// This typically happens when the node that was focused is removed from the tree,
2205    /// and this callback lets you chose a default place to restore the users focus.
2206    /// Returns a subscription and persists until the subscription is dropped.
2207    pub fn on_focus_lost(
2208        &mut self,
2209        mut listener: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2210    ) -> Subscription {
2211        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2212        let (subscription, activate) = self.window.focus_lost_listeners.insert(
2213            (),
2214            Box::new(move |cx| view.update(cx, |view, cx| listener(view, cx)).is_ok()),
2215        );
2216        activate();
2217        subscription
2218    }
2219
2220    /// Register a listener to be called when the given focus handle or one of its descendants loses focus.
2221    /// Returns a subscription and persists until the subscription is dropped.
2222    pub fn on_focus_out(
2223        &mut self,
2224        handle: &FocusHandle,
2225        mut listener: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2226    ) -> Subscription {
2227        let view = self.view.downgrade();
2228        let focus_id = handle.id;
2229        let (subscription, activate) =
2230            self.window.new_focus_listener(Box::new(move |event, cx| {
2231                view.update(cx, |view, cx| {
2232                    if event.previous_focus_path.contains(&focus_id)
2233                        && !event.current_focus_path.contains(&focus_id)
2234                    {
2235                        listener(view, cx)
2236                    }
2237                })
2238                .is_ok()
2239            }));
2240        self.app.defer(move |_| activate());
2241        subscription
2242    }
2243
2244    /// Schedule a future to be run asynchronously.
2245    /// The given callback is invoked with a [`WeakView<V>`] to avoid leaking the view for a long-running process.
2246    /// It's also given an [`AsyncWindowContext`], which can be used to access the state of the view across await points.
2247    /// The returned future will be polled on the main thread.
2248    pub fn spawn<Fut, R>(
2249        &mut self,
2250        f: impl FnOnce(WeakView<V>, AsyncWindowContext) -> Fut,
2251    ) -> Task<R>
2252    where
2253        R: 'static,
2254        Fut: Future<Output = R> + 'static,
2255    {
2256        let view = self.view().downgrade();
2257        self.window_cx.spawn(|cx| f(view, cx))
2258    }
2259
2260    /// Updates the global state of the given type.
2261    pub fn update_global<G, R>(&mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut G, &mut Self) -> R) -> R
2262    where
2263        G: Global,
2264    {
2265        let mut global = self.app.lease_global::<G>();
2266        let result = f(&mut global, self);
2267        self.app.end_global_lease(global);
2268        result
2269    }
2270
2271    /// Register a callback to be invoked when the given global state changes.
2272    pub fn observe_global<G: Global>(
2273        &mut self,
2274        mut f: impl FnMut(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<'_, V>) + 'static,
2275    ) -> Subscription {
2276        let window_handle = self.window.handle;
2277        let view = self.view().downgrade();
2278        let (subscription, activate) = self.global_observers.insert(
2279            TypeId::of::<G>(),
2280            Box::new(move |cx| {
2281                window_handle
2282                    .update(cx, |_, cx| view.update(cx, |view, cx| f(view, cx)).is_ok())
2283                    .unwrap_or(false)
2284            }),
2285        );
2286        self.app.defer(move |_| activate());
2287        subscription
2288    }
2289
2290    /// Register a callback to be invoked when the given Action type is dispatched to the window.
2291    pub fn on_action(
2292        &mut self,
2293        action_type: TypeId,
2294        listener: impl Fn(&mut V, &dyn Any, DispatchPhase, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2295    ) {
2296        let handle = self.view().clone();
2297        self.window_cx
2298            .on_action(action_type, move |action, phase, cx| {
2299                handle.update(cx, |view, cx| {
2300                    listener(view, action, phase, cx);
2301                })
2302            });
2303    }
2304
2305    /// Emit an event to be handled any other views that have subscribed via [ViewContext::subscribe].
2306    pub fn emit<Evt>(&mut self, event: Evt)
2307    where
2308        Evt: 'static,
2309        V: EventEmitter<Evt>,
2310    {
2311        let emitter = self.view.model.entity_id;
2312        self.app.push_effect(Effect::Emit {
2313            emitter,
2314            event_type: TypeId::of::<Evt>(),
2315            event: Box::new(event),
2316        });
2317    }
2318
2319    /// Move focus to the current view, assuming it implements [`FocusableView`].
2320    pub fn focus_self(&mut self)
2321    where
2322        V: FocusableView,
2323    {
2324        self.defer(|view, cx| view.focus_handle(cx).focus(cx))
2325    }
2326
2327    /// Convenience method for accessing view state in an event callback.
2328    ///
2329    /// Many GPUI callbacks take the form of `Fn(&E, &mut WindowContext)`,
2330    /// but it's often useful to be able to access view state in these
2331    /// callbacks. This method provides a convenient way to do so.
2332    pub fn listener<E>(
2333        &self,
2334        f: impl Fn(&mut V, &E, &mut ViewContext<V>) + 'static,
2335    ) -> impl Fn(&E, &mut WindowContext) + 'static {
2336        let view = self.view().downgrade();
2337        move |e: &E, cx: &mut WindowContext| {
2338            view.update(cx, |view, cx| f(view, e, cx)).ok();
2339        }
2340    }
2341}
2342
2343impl<V> Context for ViewContext<'_, V> {
2344    type Result<U> = U;
2345
2346    fn new_model<T: 'static>(
2347        &mut self,
2348        build_model: impl FnOnce(&mut ModelContext<'_, T>) -> T,
2349    ) -> Model<T> {
2350        self.window_cx.new_model(build_model)
2351    }
2352
2353    fn update_model<T: 'static, R>(
2354        &mut self,
2355        model: &Model<T>,
2356        update: impl FnOnce(&mut T, &mut ModelContext<'_, T>) -> R,
2357    ) -> R {
2358        self.window_cx.update_model(model, update)
2359    }
2360
2361    fn update_window<T, F>(&mut self, window: AnyWindowHandle, update: F) -> Result<T>
2362    where
2363        F: FnOnce(AnyView, &mut WindowContext<'_>) -> T,
2364    {
2365        self.window_cx.update_window(window, update)
2366    }
2367
2368    fn read_model<T, R>(
2369        &self,
2370        handle: &Model<T>,
2371        read: impl FnOnce(&T, &AppContext) -> R,
2372    ) -> Self::Result<R>
2373    where
2374        T: 'static,
2375    {
2376        self.window_cx.read_model(handle, read)
2377    }
2378
2379    fn read_window<T, R>(
2380        &self,
2381        window: &WindowHandle<T>,
2382        read: impl FnOnce(View<T>, &AppContext) -> R,
2383    ) -> Result<R>
2384    where
2385        T: 'static,
2386    {
2387        self.window_cx.read_window(window, read)
2388    }
2389}
2390
2391impl<V: 'static> VisualContext for ViewContext<'_, V> {
2392    fn new_view<W: Render + 'static>(
2393        &mut self,
2394        build_view_state: impl FnOnce(&mut ViewContext<'_, W>) -> W,
2395    ) -> Self::Result<View<W>> {
2396        self.window_cx.new_view(build_view_state)
2397    }
2398
2399    fn update_view<V2: 'static, R>(
2400        &mut self,
2401        view: &View<V2>,
2402        update: impl FnOnce(&mut V2, &mut ViewContext<'_, V2>) -> R,
2403    ) -> Self::Result<R> {
2404        self.window_cx.update_view(view, update)
2405    }
2406
2407    fn replace_root_view<W>(
2408        &mut self,
2409        build_view: impl FnOnce(&mut ViewContext<'_, W>) -> W,
2410    ) -> Self::Result<View<W>>
2411    where
2412        W: 'static + Render,
2413    {
2414        self.window_cx.replace_root_view(build_view)
2415    }
2416
2417    fn focus_view<W: FocusableView>(&mut self, view: &View<W>) -> Self::Result<()> {
2418        self.window_cx.focus_view(view)
2419    }
2420
2421    fn dismiss_view<W: ManagedView>(&mut self, view: &View<W>) -> Self::Result<()> {
2422        self.window_cx.dismiss_view(view)
2423    }
2424}
2425
2426impl<'a, V> std::ops::Deref for ViewContext<'a, V> {
2427    type Target = WindowContext<'a>;
2428
2429    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
2430        &self.window_cx
2431    }
2432}
2433
2434impl<'a, V> std::ops::DerefMut for ViewContext<'a, V> {
2435    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
2436        &mut self.window_cx
2437    }
2438}
2439
2440// #[derive(Clone, Copy, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
2441slotmap::new_key_type! {
2442    /// A unique identifier for a window.
2443    pub struct WindowId;
2444}
2445
2446impl WindowId {
2447    /// Converts this window ID to a `u64`.
2448    pub fn as_u64(&self) -> u64 {
2449        self.0.as_ffi()
2450    }
2451}
2452
2453/// A handle to a window with a specific root view type.
2454/// Note that this does not keep the window alive on its own.
2455#[derive(Deref, DerefMut)]
2456pub struct WindowHandle<V> {
2457    #[deref]
2458    #[deref_mut]
2459    pub(crate) any_handle: AnyWindowHandle,
2460    state_type: PhantomData<V>,
2461}
2462
2463impl<V: 'static + Render> WindowHandle<V> {
2464    /// Creates a new handle from a window ID.
2465    /// This does not check if the root type of the window is `V`.
2466    pub fn new(id: WindowId) -> Self {
2467        WindowHandle {
2468            any_handle: AnyWindowHandle {
2469                id,
2470                state_type: TypeId::of::<V>(),
2471            },
2472            state_type: PhantomData,
2473        }
2474    }
2475
2476    /// Get the root view out of this window.
2477    ///
2478    /// This will fail if the window is closed or if the root view's type does not match `V`.
2479    pub fn root<C>(&self, cx: &mut C) -> Result<View<V>>
2480    where
2481        C: Context,
2482    {
2483        Flatten::flatten(cx.update_window(self.any_handle, |root_view, _| {
2484            root_view
2485                .downcast::<V>()
2486                .map_err(|_| anyhow!("the type of the window's root view has changed"))
2487        }))
2488    }
2489
2490    /// Updates the root view of this window.
2491    ///
2492    /// This will fail if the window has been closed or if the root view's type does not match
2493    pub fn update<C, R>(
2494        &self,
2495        cx: &mut C,
2496        update: impl FnOnce(&mut V, &mut ViewContext<'_, V>) -> R,
2497    ) -> Result<R>
2498    where
2499        C: Context,
2500    {
2501        cx.update_window(self.any_handle, |root_view, cx| {
2502            let view = root_view
2503                .downcast::<V>()
2504                .map_err(|_| anyhow!("the type of the window's root view has changed"))?;
2505            Ok(cx.update_view(&view, update))
2506        })?
2507    }
2508
2509    /// Read the root view out of this window.
2510    ///
2511    /// This will fail if the window is closed or if the root view's type does not match `V`.
2512    pub fn read<'a>(&self, cx: &'a AppContext) -> Result<&'a V> {
2513        let x = cx
2514            .windows
2515            .get(self.id)
2516            .and_then(|window| {
2517                window
2518                    .as_ref()
2519                    .and_then(|window| window.root_view.clone())
2520                    .map(|root_view| root_view.downcast::<V>())
2521            })
2522            .ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("window not found"))?
2523            .map_err(|_| anyhow!("the type of the window's root view has changed"))?;
2524
2525        Ok(x.read(cx))
2526    }
2527
2528    /// Read the root view out of this window, with a callback
2529    ///
2530    /// This will fail if the window is closed or if the root view's type does not match `V`.
2531    pub fn read_with<C, R>(&self, cx: &C, read_with: impl FnOnce(&V, &AppContext) -> R) -> Result<R>
2532    where
2533        C: Context,
2534    {
2535        cx.read_window(self, |root_view, cx| read_with(root_view.read(cx), cx))
2536    }
2537
2538    /// Read the root view pointer off of this window.
2539    ///
2540    /// This will fail if the window is closed or if the root view's type does not match `V`.
2541    pub fn root_view<C>(&self, cx: &C) -> Result<View<V>>
2542    where
2543        C: Context,
2544    {
2545        cx.read_window(self, |root_view, _cx| root_view.clone())
2546    }
2547
2548    /// Check if this window is 'active'.
2549    ///
2550    /// Will return `None` if the window is closed or currently
2551    /// borrowed.
2552    pub fn is_active(&self, cx: &mut AppContext) -> Option<bool> {
2553        cx.update_window(self.any_handle, |_, cx| cx.is_window_active())
2554            .ok()
2555    }
2556}
2557
2558impl<V> Copy for WindowHandle<V> {}
2559
2560impl<V> Clone for WindowHandle<V> {
2561    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
2562        *self
2563    }
2564}
2565
2566impl<V> PartialEq for WindowHandle<V> {
2567    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
2568        self.any_handle == other.any_handle
2569    }
2570}
2571
2572impl<V> Eq for WindowHandle<V> {}
2573
2574impl<V> Hash for WindowHandle<V> {
2575    fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
2576        self.any_handle.hash(state);
2577    }
2578}
2579
2580impl<V: 'static> From<WindowHandle<V>> for AnyWindowHandle {
2581    fn from(val: WindowHandle<V>) -> Self {
2582        val.any_handle
2583    }
2584}
2585
2586/// A handle to a window with any root view type, which can be downcast to a window with a specific root view type.
2587#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
2588pub struct AnyWindowHandle {
2589    pub(crate) id: WindowId,
2590    state_type: TypeId,
2591}
2592
2593impl AnyWindowHandle {
2594    /// Get the ID of this window.
2595    pub fn window_id(&self) -> WindowId {
2596        self.id
2597    }
2598
2599    /// Attempt to convert this handle to a window handle with a specific root view type.
2600    /// If the types do not match, this will return `None`.
2601    pub fn downcast<T: 'static>(&self) -> Option<WindowHandle<T>> {
2602        if TypeId::of::<T>() == self.state_type {
2603            Some(WindowHandle {
2604                any_handle: *self,
2605                state_type: PhantomData,
2606            })
2607        } else {
2608            None
2609        }
2610    }
2611
2612    /// Updates the state of the root view of this window.
2613    ///
2614    /// This will fail if the window has been closed.
2615    pub fn update<C, R>(
2616        self,
2617        cx: &mut C,
2618        update: impl FnOnce(AnyView, &mut WindowContext<'_>) -> R,
2619    ) -> Result<R>
2620    where
2621        C: Context,
2622    {
2623        cx.update_window(self, update)
2624    }
2625
2626    /// Read the state of the root view of this window.
2627    ///
2628    /// This will fail if the window has been closed.
2629    pub fn read<T, C, R>(self, cx: &C, read: impl FnOnce(View<T>, &AppContext) -> R) -> Result<R>
2630    where
2631        C: Context,
2632        T: 'static,
2633    {
2634        let view = self
2635            .downcast::<T>()
2636            .context("the type of the window's root view has changed")?;
2637
2638        cx.read_window(&view, read)
2639    }
2640}
2641
2642/// An identifier for an [`Element`](crate::Element).
2643///
2644/// Can be constructed with a string, a number, or both, as well
2645/// as other internal representations.
2646#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
2647pub enum ElementId {
2648    /// The ID of a View element
2649    View(EntityId),
2650    /// An integer ID.
2651    Integer(usize),
2652    /// A string based ID.
2653    Name(SharedString),
2654    /// An ID that's equated with a focus handle.
2655    FocusHandle(FocusId),
2656    /// A combination of a name and an integer.
2657    NamedInteger(SharedString, usize),
2658}
2659
2660impl Display for ElementId {
2661    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
2662        match self {
2663            ElementId::View(entity_id) => write!(f, "view-{}", entity_id)?,
2664            ElementId::Integer(ix) => write!(f, "{}", ix)?,
2665            ElementId::Name(name) => write!(f, "{}", name)?,
2666            ElementId::FocusHandle(_) => write!(f, "FocusHandle")?,
2667            ElementId::NamedInteger(s, i) => write!(f, "{}-{}", s, i)?,
2668        }
2669
2670        Ok(())
2671    }
2672}
2673
2674impl ElementId {
2675    pub(crate) fn from_entity_id(entity_id: EntityId) -> Self {
2676        ElementId::View(entity_id)
2677    }
2678}
2679
2680impl TryInto<SharedString> for ElementId {
2681    type Error = anyhow::Error;
2682
2683    fn try_into(self) -> anyhow::Result<SharedString> {
2684        if let ElementId::Name(name) = self {
2685            Ok(name)
2686        } else {
2687            Err(anyhow!("element id is not string"))
2688        }
2689    }
2690}
2691
2692impl From<usize> for ElementId {
2693    fn from(id: usize) -> Self {
2694        ElementId::Integer(id)
2695    }
2696}
2697
2698impl From<i32> for ElementId {
2699    fn from(id: i32) -> Self {
2700        Self::Integer(id as usize)
2701    }
2702}
2703
2704impl From<SharedString> for ElementId {
2705    fn from(name: SharedString) -> Self {
2706        ElementId::Name(name)
2707    }
2708}
2709
2710impl From<&'static str> for ElementId {
2711    fn from(name: &'static str) -> Self {
2712        ElementId::Name(name.into())
2713    }
2714}
2715
2716impl<'a> From<&'a FocusHandle> for ElementId {
2717    fn from(handle: &'a FocusHandle) -> Self {
2718        ElementId::FocusHandle(handle.id)
2719    }
2720}
2721
2722impl From<(&'static str, EntityId)> for ElementId {
2723    fn from((name, id): (&'static str, EntityId)) -> Self {
2724        ElementId::NamedInteger(name.into(), id.as_u64() as usize)
2725    }
2726}
2727
2728impl From<(&'static str, usize)> for ElementId {
2729    fn from((name, id): (&'static str, usize)) -> Self {
2730        ElementId::NamedInteger(name.into(), id)
2731    }
2732}
2733
2734impl From<(&'static str, u64)> for ElementId {
2735    fn from((name, id): (&'static str, u64)) -> Self {
2736        ElementId::NamedInteger(name.into(), id as usize)
2737    }
2738}
2739
2740/// A rectangle to be rendered in the window at the given position and size.
2741/// Passed as an argument [`ElementContext::paint_quad`].
2742#[derive(Clone)]
2743pub struct PaintQuad {
2744    bounds: Bounds<Pixels>,
2745    corner_radii: Corners<Pixels>,
2746    background: Hsla,
2747    border_widths: Edges<Pixels>,
2748    border_color: Hsla,
2749}
2750
2751impl PaintQuad {
2752    /// Sets the corner radii of the quad.
2753    pub fn corner_radii(self, corner_radii: impl Into<Corners<Pixels>>) -> Self {
2754        PaintQuad {
2755            corner_radii: corner_radii.into(),
2756            ..self
2757        }
2758    }
2759
2760    /// Sets the border widths of the quad.
2761    pub fn border_widths(self, border_widths: impl Into<Edges<Pixels>>) -> Self {
2762        PaintQuad {
2763            border_widths: border_widths.into(),
2764            ..self
2765        }
2766    }
2767
2768    /// Sets the border color of the quad.
2769    pub fn border_color(self, border_color: impl Into<Hsla>) -> Self {
2770        PaintQuad {
2771            border_color: border_color.into(),
2772            ..self
2773        }
2774    }
2775
2776    /// Sets the background color of the quad.
2777    pub fn background(self, background: impl Into<Hsla>) -> Self {
2778        PaintQuad {
2779            background: background.into(),
2780            ..self
2781        }
2782    }
2783}
2784
2785/// Creates a quad with the given parameters.
2786pub fn quad(
2787    bounds: Bounds<Pixels>,
2788    corner_radii: impl Into<Corners<Pixels>>,
2789    background: impl Into<Hsla>,
2790    border_widths: impl Into<Edges<Pixels>>,
2791    border_color: impl Into<Hsla>,
2792) -> PaintQuad {
2793    PaintQuad {
2794        bounds,
2795        corner_radii: corner_radii.into(),
2796        background: background.into(),
2797        border_widths: border_widths.into(),
2798        border_color: border_color.into(),
2799    }
2800}
2801
2802/// Creates a filled quad with the given bounds and background color.
2803pub fn fill(bounds: impl Into<Bounds<Pixels>>, background: impl Into<Hsla>) -> PaintQuad {
2804    PaintQuad {
2805        bounds: bounds.into(),
2806        corner_radii: (0.).into(),
2807        background: background.into(),
2808        border_widths: (0.).into(),
2809        border_color: transparent_black(),
2810    }
2811}
2812
2813/// Creates a rectangle outline with the given bounds, border color, and a 1px border width
2814pub fn outline(bounds: impl Into<Bounds<Pixels>>, border_color: impl Into<Hsla>) -> PaintQuad {
2815    PaintQuad {
2816        bounds: bounds.into(),
2817        corner_radii: (0.).into(),
2818        background: transparent_black(),
2819        border_widths: (1.).into(),
2820        border_color: border_color.into(),
2821    }
2822}