@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ use pathfinder_geometry::{
     vector::{Vector2F, Vector2I},
 };
 use smallvec::SmallVec;
-use std::{borrow::Cow, char, cmp, convert::TryFrom, sync::Arc};
+use std::{borrow::Cow, char, convert::TryFrom, sync::Arc};
 
 use super::open_type::apply_features_and_fallbacks;
 
@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ struct MacTextSystemState {
     font_ids_by_postscript_name: HashMap<String, FontId>,
     font_ids_by_font_key: HashMap<FontKey, SmallVec<[FontId; 4]>>,
     postscript_names_by_font_id: HashMap<FontId, String>,
+    zwnjs_scratch_space: Vec<(usize, usize)>,
 }
 
 impl MacTextSystem {
@@ -79,6 +80,7 @@ impl MacTextSystem {
             font_ids_by_postscript_name: HashMap::default(),
             font_ids_by_font_key: HashMap::default(),
             postscript_names_by_font_id: HashMap::default(),
+            zwnjs_scratch_space: Vec::new(),
         }))
     }
 }
@@ -428,30 +430,43 @@ impl MacTextSystemState {
     }
 
     fn layout_line(&mut self, text: &str, font_size: Pixels, font_runs: &[FontRun]) -> LineLayout {
+        const ZWNJ: char = '\u{200C}';
+        const ZWNJ_STR: &str = "\u{200C}";
+        const ZWNJ_SIZE_16: usize = ZWNJ.len_utf16();
+
+        self.zwnjs_scratch_space.clear();
         // Construct the attributed string, converting UTF8 ranges to UTF16 ranges.
         let mut string = CFMutableAttributedString::new();
         let mut max_ascent = 0.0f32;
         let mut max_descent = 0.0f32;
-        {
-            string.replace_str(&CFString::new(text), CFRange::init(0, 0));
-            let utf16_line_len = string.char_len() as usize;
 
-            let mut ix_converter = StringIndexConverter::new(text);
+        {
+            let mut ix_converter = StringIndexConverter::new(&text);
+            let mut last_font_run = None;
             for run in font_runs {
-                let utf8_end = ix_converter.utf8_ix + run.len;
-                let utf16_start = ix_converter.utf16_ix;
-
-                if utf16_start >= utf16_line_len {
-                    break;
+                let text = &text[ix_converter.utf8_ix..][..run.len];
+                // if the fonts are the same, we need to disconnect the text with a ZWNJ
+                // to prevent core text from forming ligatures between them
+                let needs_zwnj = last_font_run.replace(run.font_id) == Some(run.font_id);
+
+                let n_zwnjs = self.zwnjs_scratch_space.len();
+                let utf16_start = ix_converter.utf16_ix + n_zwnjs * ZWNJ_SIZE_16;
+                ix_converter.advance_to_utf8_ix(ix_converter.utf8_ix + run.len);
+
+                string.replace_str(&CFString::new(text), CFRange::init(utf16_start as isize, 0));
+                if needs_zwnj {
+                    let zwnjs_pos = string.char_len();
+                    self.zwnjs_scratch_space.push((n_zwnjs, zwnjs_pos as usize));
+                    string.replace_str(
+                        &CFString::from_static_string(ZWNJ_STR),
+                        CFRange::init(zwnjs_pos, 0),
+                    );
                 }
-
-                ix_converter.advance_to_utf8_ix(utf8_end);
-                let utf16_end = cmp::min(ix_converter.utf16_ix, utf16_line_len);
+                let utf16_end = string.char_len() as usize;
 
                 let cf_range =
                     CFRange::init(utf16_start as isize, (utf16_end - utf16_start) as isize);
-
-                let font: &FontKitFont = &self.fonts[run.font_id.0];
+                let font = &self.fonts[run.font_id.0];
 
                 let font_metrics = font.metrics();
                 let font_scale = font_size.0 / font_metrics.units_per_em as f32;
@@ -465,17 +480,12 @@ impl MacTextSystemState {
                         &font.native_font().clone_with_font_size(font_size.into()),
                     );
                 }
-
-                if utf16_end == utf16_line_len {
-                    break;
-                }
             }
         }
-
         // Retrieve the glyphs from the shaped line, converting UTF16 offsets to UTF8 offsets.
         let line = CTLine::new_with_attributed_string(string.as_concrete_TypeRef());
         let glyph_runs = line.glyph_runs();
-        let mut runs = Vec::with_capacity(glyph_runs.len() as usize);
+        let mut runs = <Vec<ShapedRun>>::with_capacity(glyph_runs.len() as usize);
         let mut ix_converter = StringIndexConverter::new(text);
         for run in glyph_runs.into_iter() {
             let attributes = run.attributes().unwrap();
@@ -487,28 +497,44 @@ impl MacTextSystemState {
             };
             let font_id = self.id_for_native_font(font);
 
-            let mut glyphs = Vec::with_capacity(run.glyph_count().try_into().unwrap_or(0));
-            for ((glyph_id, position), glyph_utf16_ix) in run
+            let mut glyphs = match runs.last_mut() {
+                Some(run) if run.font_id == font_id => &mut run.glyphs,
+                _ => {
+                    runs.push(ShapedRun {
+                        font_id,
+                        glyphs: Vec::with_capacity(run.glyph_count().try_into().unwrap_or(0)),
+                    });
+                    &mut runs.last_mut().unwrap().glyphs
+                }
+            };
+            for ((&glyph_id, position), &glyph_utf16_ix) in run
                 .glyphs()
                 .iter()
                 .zip(run.positions().iter())
                 .zip(run.string_indices().iter())
             {
-                let glyph_utf16_ix = usize::try_from(*glyph_utf16_ix).unwrap();
+                let mut glyph_utf16_ix = usize::try_from(glyph_utf16_ix).unwrap();
+                let r = self
+                    .zwnjs_scratch_space
+                    .binary_search_by(|&(_, it)| it.cmp(&glyph_utf16_ix));
+                match r {
+                    // this glyph is a ZWNJ, skip it
+                    Ok(_) => continue,
+                    // adjust the index to account for the ZWNJs we've inserted
+                    Err(idx) => glyph_utf16_ix -= idx * ZWNJ_SIZE_16,
+                }
                 if ix_converter.utf16_ix > glyph_utf16_ix {
                     // We cannot reuse current index converter, as it can only seek forward. Restart the search.
                     ix_converter = StringIndexConverter::new(text);
                 }
                 ix_converter.advance_to_utf16_ix(glyph_utf16_ix);
                 glyphs.push(ShapedGlyph {
-                    id: GlyphId(*glyph_id as u32),
+                    id: GlyphId(glyph_id as u32),
                     position: point(position.x as f32, position.y as f32).map(px),
                     index: ix_converter.utf8_ix,
                     is_emoji: self.is_emoji(font_id),
                 });
             }
-
-            runs.push(ShapedRun { font_id, glyphs });
         }
         let typographic_bounds = line.get_typographic_bounds();
         LineLayout {
@@ -707,4 +733,93 @@ mod tests {
         // There's no glyph for \u{feff}
         assert_eq!(layout.runs[0].glyphs[1].id, GlyphId(69u32)); // b
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_layout_line_zwnj_insertion() {
+        let fonts = MacTextSystem::new();
+        let font_id = fonts.font_id(&font("Helvetica")).unwrap();
+
+        let text = "hello world";
+        let font_runs = &[
+            FontRun { font_id, len: 5 }, // "hello"
+            FontRun { font_id, len: 6 }, // " world"
+        ];
+
+        let layout = fonts.layout_line(text, px(16.), font_runs);
+        assert_eq!(layout.len, text.len());
+
+        for run in &layout.runs {
+            for glyph in &run.glyphs {
+                assert!(
+                    glyph.index < text.len(),
+                    "Glyph index {} is out of bounds for text length {}",
+                    glyph.index,
+                    text.len()
+                );
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Test with different font runs - should not insert ZWNJ
+        let font_id2 = fonts.font_id(&font("Times")).unwrap_or(font_id);
+        let font_runs_different = &[
+            FontRun { font_id, len: 5 }, // "hello"
+            // " world"
+            FontRun {
+                font_id: font_id2,
+                len: 6,
+            },
+        ];
+
+        let layout2 = fonts.layout_line(text, px(16.), font_runs_different);
+        assert_eq!(layout2.len, text.len());
+
+        for run in &layout2.runs {
+            for glyph in &run.glyphs {
+                assert!(
+                    glyph.index < text.len(),
+                    "Glyph index {} is out of bounds for text length {}",
+                    glyph.index,
+                    text.len()
+                );
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_layout_line_zwnj_edge_cases() {
+        let fonts = MacTextSystem::new();
+        let font_id = fonts.font_id(&font("Helvetica")).unwrap();
+
+        let text = "hello";
+        let font_runs = &[FontRun { font_id, len: 5 }];
+        let layout = fonts.layout_line(text, px(16.), font_runs);
+        assert_eq!(layout.len, text.len());
+
+        let text = "abc";
+        let font_runs = &[
+            FontRun { font_id, len: 1 }, // "a"
+            FontRun { font_id, len: 1 }, // "b"
+            FontRun { font_id, len: 1 }, // "c"
+        ];
+        let layout = fonts.layout_line(text, px(16.), font_runs);
+        assert_eq!(layout.len, text.len());
+
+        for run in &layout.runs {
+            for glyph in &run.glyphs {
+                assert!(
+                    glyph.index < text.len(),
+                    "Glyph index {} is out of bounds for text length {}",
+                    glyph.index,
+                    text.len()
+                );
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Test with empty text
+        let text = "";
+        let font_runs = &[];
+        let layout = fonts.layout_line(text, px(16.), font_runs);
+        assert_eq!(layout.len, 0);
+        assert!(layout.runs.is_empty());
+    }
 }
  
  
  
    
    @@ -420,9 +420,10 @@ impl WindowTextSystem {
         let mut wrapped_lines = 0;
 
         let mut process_line = |line_text: SharedString| {
+            font_runs.clear();
             let line_end = line_start + line_text.len();
 
-            let mut last_font: Option<Font> = None;
+            let mut last_font: Option<FontId> = None;
             let mut decoration_runs = SmallVec::<[DecorationRun; 32]>::new();
             let mut run_start = line_start;
             while run_start < line_end {
@@ -432,23 +433,14 @@ impl WindowTextSystem {
 
                 let run_len_within_line = cmp::min(line_end, run_start + run.len) - run_start;
 
-                if last_font == Some(run.font.clone()) {
-                    font_runs.last_mut().unwrap().len += run_len_within_line;
-                } else {
-                    last_font = Some(run.font.clone());
-                    font_runs.push(FontRun {
-                        len: run_len_within_line,
-                        font_id: self.resolve_font(&run.font),
-                    });
-                }
-
-                if decoration_runs.last().is_some_and(|last_run| {
-                    last_run.color == run.color
-                        && last_run.underline == run.underline
-                        && last_run.strikethrough == run.strikethrough
-                        && last_run.background_color == run.background_color
-                }) {
-                    decoration_runs.last_mut().unwrap().len += run_len_within_line as u32;
+                let decoration_changed = if let Some(last_run) = decoration_runs.last_mut()
+                    && last_run.color == run.color
+                    && last_run.underline == run.underline
+                    && last_run.strikethrough == run.strikethrough
+                    && last_run.background_color == run.background_color
+                {
+                    last_run.len += run_len_within_line as u32;
+                    false
                 } else {
                     decoration_runs.push(DecorationRun {
                         len: run_len_within_line as u32,
@@ -457,6 +449,21 @@ impl WindowTextSystem {
                         underline: run.underline,
                         strikethrough: run.strikethrough,
                     });
+                    true
+                };
+
+                if let Some(font_run) = font_runs.last_mut()
+                    && Some(font_run.font_id) == last_font
+                    && !decoration_changed
+                {
+                    font_run.len += run_len_within_line;
+                } else {
+                    let font_id = self.resolve_font(&run.font);
+                    last_font = Some(font_id);
+                    font_runs.push(FontRun {
+                        len: run_len_within_line,
+                        font_id,
+                    });
                 }
 
                 if run_len_within_line == run.len {
@@ -491,8 +498,6 @@ impl WindowTextSystem {
                     runs.next();
                 }
             }
-
-            font_runs.clear();
         };
 
         let mut split_lines = text.split('\n');
@@ -526,37 +531,54 @@ impl WindowTextSystem {
     /// Subsets of the line can be styled independently with the `runs` parameter.
     /// Generally, you should prefer to use [`Self::shape_line`] instead, which
     /// can be painted directly.
-    pub fn layout_line<Text>(
+    pub fn layout_line(
         &self,
-        text: Text,
+        text: &str,
         font_size: Pixels,
         runs: &[TextRun],
         force_width: Option<Pixels>,
-    ) -> Arc<LineLayout>
-    where
-        Text: AsRef<str>,
-        SharedString: From<Text>,
-    {
+    ) -> Arc<LineLayout> {
+        let mut last_run = None::<&TextRun>;
+        let mut last_font: Option<FontId> = None;
         let mut font_runs = self.font_runs_pool.lock().pop().unwrap_or_default();
+        font_runs.clear();
+
         for run in runs.iter() {
-            let font_id = self.resolve_font(&run.font);
-            if let Some(last_run) = font_runs.last_mut()
-                && last_run.font_id == font_id
+            let decoration_changed = if let Some(last_run) = last_run
+                && last_run.color == run.color
+                && last_run.underline == run.underline
+                && last_run.strikethrough == run.strikethrough
+            // we do not consider differing background color relevant, as it does not affect glyphs
+            // && last_run.background_color == run.background_color
             {
-                last_run.len += run.len;
-                continue;
+                false
+            } else {
+                last_run = Some(run);
+                true
+            };
+
+            if let Some(font_run) = font_runs.last_mut()
+                && Some(font_run.font_id) == last_font
+                && !decoration_changed
+            {
+                font_run.len += run.len;
+            } else {
+                let font_id = self.resolve_font(&run.font);
+                last_font = Some(font_id);
+                font_runs.push(FontRun {
+                    len: run.len,
+                    font_id,
+                });
             }
-            font_runs.push(FontRun {
-                len: run.len,
-                font_id,
-            });
         }
 
-        let layout =
-            self.line_layout_cache
-                .layout_line_internal(text, font_size, &font_runs, force_width);
+        let layout = self.line_layout_cache.layout_line(
+            &SharedString::new(text),
+            font_size,
+            &font_runs,
+            force_width,
+        );
 
-        font_runs.clear();
         self.font_runs_pool.lock().push(font_runs);
 
         layout
  
  
  
    
    @@ -501,7 +501,7 @@ impl LineLayoutCache {
         } else {
             drop(current_frame);
             let text = SharedString::from(text);
-            let unwrapped_layout = self.layout_line::<&SharedString>(&text, font_size, runs);
+            let unwrapped_layout = self.layout_line::<&SharedString>(&text, font_size, runs, None);
             let wrap_boundaries = if let Some(wrap_width) = wrap_width {
                 unwrapped_layout.compute_wrap_boundaries(text.as_ref(), wrap_width, max_lines)
             } else {
@@ -535,19 +535,6 @@ impl LineLayoutCache {
         text: Text,
         font_size: Pixels,
         runs: &[FontRun],
-    ) -> Arc<LineLayout>
-    where
-        Text: AsRef<str>,
-        SharedString: From<Text>,
-    {
-        self.layout_line_internal(text, font_size, runs, None)
-    }
-
-    pub fn layout_line_internal<Text>(
-        &self,
-        text: Text,
-        font_size: Pixels,
-        runs: &[FontRun],
         force_width: Option<Pixels>,
     ) -> Arc<LineLayout>
     where