diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 1aab9dfae0c66e5c8cce3ac14374cabccfac9a4b..2a33d3d16893655a1a0f81614448875d6b558141 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -17528,6 +17528,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "libc",
  "log",
  "nix 0.29.0",
+ "pretty_assertions",
  "rand 0.9.1",
  "regex",
  "rust-embed",
diff --git a/crates/agent/src/thread_store.rs b/crates/agent/src/thread_store.rs
index fe73b959b7fbe96f139a2b8267748c78cce88e2e..91b2f3b684bbbe9e3849e5b27c3a962a137869c5 100644
--- a/crates/agent/src/thread_store.rs
+++ b/crates/agent/src/thread_store.rs
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ impl ThreadStore {
                 if items.iter().any(|(path, _, _)| {
                     RULES_FILE_NAMES
                         .iter()
-                        .any(|name| path.as_ref() == RelPath::new(name).unwrap())
+                        .any(|name| path.as_ref() == RelPath::unix(name).unwrap())
                 }) {
                     self.enqueue_system_prompt_reload();
                 }
@@ -368,7 +368,7 @@ impl ThreadStore {
             .into_iter()
             .filter_map(|name| {
                 worktree
-                    .entry_for_path(RelPath::new(name).unwrap())
+                    .entry_for_path(RelPath::unix(name).unwrap())
                     .filter(|entry| entry.is_file())
                     .map(|entry| entry.path.clone())
             })
diff --git a/crates/agent2/src/agent.rs b/crates/agent2/src/agent.rs
index 7fb7a114cfaa28bfa678a2b9bfe79545218a9d5b..fe47c66feac33f5f9ddfc46c3c192bc5c54477a0 100644
--- a/crates/agent2/src/agent.rs
+++ b/crates/agent2/src/agent.rs
@@ -475,7 +475,7 @@ impl NativeAgent {
             .into_iter()
             .filter_map(|name| {
                 worktree
-                    .entry_for_path(RelPath::new(name).unwrap())
+                    .entry_for_path(RelPath::unix(name).unwrap())
                     .filter(|entry| entry.is_file())
                     .map(|entry| entry.path.clone())
             })
@@ -559,7 +559,7 @@ impl NativeAgent {
                 if items.iter().any(|(path, _, _)| {
                     RULES_FILE_NAMES
                         .iter()
-                        .any(|name| path.as_ref() == RelPath::new(name).unwrap())
+                        .any(|name| path.as_ref() == RelPath::unix(name).unwrap())
                 }) {
                     self.project_context_needs_refresh.send(()).ok();
                 }
diff --git a/crates/agent2/src/tools/edit_file_tool.rs b/crates/agent2/src/tools/edit_file_tool.rs
index 9f2e8e3e313c1a0fbf32e8fe2b3da0c0d822ad69..3b1bf6f408e88ed0e6bf80b0b55815d122ab1854 100644
--- a/crates/agent2/src/tools/edit_file_tool.rs
+++ b/crates/agent2/src/tools/edit_file_tool.rs
@@ -541,7 +541,7 @@ fn resolve_path(
                 .path
                 .file_name()
                 .and_then(|file_name| file_name.to_str())
-                .and_then(|file_name| RelPath::new(file_name).ok())
+                .and_then(|file_name| RelPath::unix(file_name).ok())
                 .context("Can't create file: invalid filename")?;
 
             let new_file_path = parent_project_path.map(|parent| ProjectPath {
@@ -565,7 +565,7 @@ mod tests {
     use prompt_store::ProjectContext;
     use serde_json::json;
     use settings::SettingsStore;
-    use util::path;
+    use util::{path, rel_path::rel_path};
 
     #[gpui::test]
     async fn test_edit_nonexistent_file(cx: &mut TestAppContext) {
@@ -614,13 +614,13 @@ mod tests {
         let mode = &EditFileMode::Create;
 
         let result = test_resolve_path(mode, "root/new.txt", cx);
-        assert_resolved_path_eq(result.await, "new.txt");
+        assert_resolved_path_eq(result.await, rel_path("new.txt"));
 
         let result = test_resolve_path(mode, "new.txt", cx);
-        assert_resolved_path_eq(result.await, "new.txt");
+        assert_resolved_path_eq(result.await, rel_path("new.txt"));
 
         let result = test_resolve_path(mode, "dir/new.txt", cx);
-        assert_resolved_path_eq(result.await, "dir/new.txt");
+        assert_resolved_path_eq(result.await, rel_path("dir/new.txt"));
 
         let result = test_resolve_path(mode, "root/dir/subdir/existing.txt", cx);
         assert_eq!(
@@ -642,10 +642,10 @@ mod tests {
         let path_with_root = "root/dir/subdir/existing.txt";
         let path_without_root = "dir/subdir/existing.txt";
         let result = test_resolve_path(mode, path_with_root, cx);
-        assert_resolved_path_eq(result.await, path_without_root);
+        assert_resolved_path_eq(result.await, rel_path(path_without_root));
 
         let result = test_resolve_path(mode, path_without_root, cx);
-        assert_resolved_path_eq(result.await, path_without_root);
+        assert_resolved_path_eq(result.await, rel_path(path_without_root));
 
         let result = test_resolve_path(mode, "root/nonexistent.txt", cx);
         assert_eq!(
@@ -691,10 +691,9 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     #[track_caller]
-    fn assert_resolved_path_eq(path: anyhow::Result<ProjectPath>, expected: &str) {
+    fn assert_resolved_path_eq(path: anyhow::Result<ProjectPath>, expected: &RelPath) {
         let actual = path.expect("Should return valid path").path;
-        let actual = actual.as_str();
-        assert_eq!(actual, expected);
+        assert_eq!(actual.as_ref(), expected);
     }
 
     #[gpui::test]
diff --git a/crates/assistant_slash_commands/src/file_command.rs b/crates/assistant_slash_commands/src/file_command.rs
index afb3d942fefe13b679cf9fbe7b711dfe32eb0195..53a631e68f73b151ea830c9ba6594c95014f2e4b 100644
--- a/crates/assistant_slash_commands/src/file_command.rs
+++ b/crates/assistant_slash_commands/src/file_command.rs
@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ fn collect_files(
                                     folded_directory_names.join(&path_including_worktree_name);
                             } else {
                                 folded_directory_names =
-                                    folded_directory_names.join(RelPath::new(&filename).unwrap());
+                                    folded_directory_names.join(RelPath::unix(&filename).unwrap());
                             }
                             continue;
                         }
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ fn collect_files(
                         directory_stack.push(entry.path.clone());
                     } else {
                         let entry_name =
-                            folded_directory_names.join(RelPath::new(&filename).unwrap());
+                            folded_directory_names.join(RelPath::unix(&filename).unwrap());
                         let entry_name = entry_name.display(path_style);
                         events_tx.unbounded_send(Ok(SlashCommandEvent::StartSection {
                             icon: IconName::Folder,
@@ -505,7 +505,7 @@ mod custom_path_matcher {
                 .iter()
                 .zip(self.sources_with_trailing_slash.iter())
                 .any(|(source, with_slash)| {
-                    let as_bytes = other.as_str().as_bytes();
+                    let as_bytes = other.as_unix_str().as_bytes();
                     let with_slash = if source.ends_with('/') {
                         source.as_bytes()
                     } else {
@@ -514,12 +514,12 @@ mod custom_path_matcher {
 
                     as_bytes.starts_with(with_slash) || as_bytes.ends_with(source.as_bytes())
                 })
-                || self.glob.is_match(other)
+                || self.glob.is_match(other.as_std_path())
                 || self.check_with_end_separator(other)
         }
 
         fn check_with_end_separator(&self, path: &RelPath) -> bool {
-            let path_str = path.as_str();
+            let path_str = path.as_unix_str();
             let separator = "/";
             if path_str.ends_with(separator) {
                 false
diff --git a/crates/assistant_tools/src/edit_file_tool.rs b/crates/assistant_tools/src/edit_file_tool.rs
index f7ed5e28bf8cf8e4d1452620c7c13732ad28ff8f..c8b7add0b8f17f70d2157681b3ae115535a7616e 100644
--- a/crates/assistant_tools/src/edit_file_tool.rs
+++ b/crates/assistant_tools/src/edit_file_tool.rs
@@ -554,7 +554,7 @@ fn resolve_path(
                 .context("Can't create file: invalid filename")?;
 
             let new_file_path = parent_project_path.map(|parent| ProjectPath {
-                path: parent.path.join(RelPath::new(file_name).unwrap()),
+                path: parent.path.join(RelPath::unix(file_name).unwrap()),
                 ..parent
             });
 
diff --git a/crates/assistant_tools/src/list_directory_tool.rs b/crates/assistant_tools/src/list_directory_tool.rs
index d46ac3ac0dc6bd1210472cad13acadd4ce209def..7d70f41a8c5000b433d47e8caa2a60d3a8024b99 100644
--- a/crates/assistant_tools/src/list_directory_tool.rs
+++ b/crates/assistant_tools/src/list_directory_tool.rs
@@ -86,6 +86,7 @@ impl Tool for ListDirectoryTool {
         _window: Option<AnyWindowHandle>,
         cx: &mut App,
     ) -> ToolResult {
+        let path_style = project.read(cx).path_style(cx);
         let input = match serde_json::from_value::<ListDirectoryToolInput>(input) {
             Ok(input) => input,
             Err(err) => return Task::ready(Err(anyhow!(err))).into(),
@@ -100,7 +101,7 @@ impl Tool for ListDirectoryTool {
                 .filter_map(|worktree| {
                     worktree.read(cx).root_entry().and_then(|entry| {
                         if entry.is_dir() {
-                            Some(entry.path.as_str())
+                            Some(entry.path.display(path_style))
                         } else {
                             None
                         }
diff --git a/crates/client/src/telemetry.rs b/crates/client/src/telemetry.rs
index 5d43b4543c2e28b07953567f3eb54d19e8b218b5..35c8d0d7d022a96068914a10898d88c46f8dabd6 100644
--- a/crates/client/src/telemetry.rs
+++ b/crates/client/src/telemetry.rs
@@ -858,7 +858,7 @@ mod tests {
             .enumerate()
             .filter_map(|(i, path)| {
                 Some((
-                    Arc::from(RelPath::new(path).ok()?),
+                    Arc::from(RelPath::unix(path).ok()?),
                     ProjectEntryId::from_proto(i as u64 + 1),
                     PathChange::Added,
                 ))
diff --git a/crates/collab/src/tests/editor_tests.rs b/crates/collab/src/tests/editor_tests.rs
index 947af01224fdc55284dc3a8166f652a9782d5e5f..5ead2cd1d1b0bd2e224cff8db71fe2908c9da060 100644
--- a/crates/collab/src/tests/editor_tests.rs
+++ b/crates/collab/src/tests/editor_tests.rs
@@ -1408,12 +1408,12 @@ async fn test_share_project(
     project_b.read_with(cx_b, |project, cx| {
         let worktree = project.worktrees(cx).next().unwrap().read(cx);
         assert_eq!(
-            worktree.paths().map(AsRef::as_ref).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+            worktree.paths().collect::<Vec<_>>(),
             [
-                Path::new(".gitignore"),
-                Path::new("a.txt"),
-                Path::new("b.txt"),
-                Path::new("ignored-dir"),
+                rel_path(".gitignore"),
+                rel_path("a.txt"),
+                rel_path("b.txt"),
+                rel_path("ignored-dir"),
             ]
         );
     });
@@ -1433,14 +1433,14 @@ async fn test_share_project(
     project_b.read_with(cx_b, |project, cx| {
         let worktree = project.worktrees(cx).next().unwrap().read(cx);
         assert_eq!(
-            worktree.paths().map(AsRef::as_ref).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+            worktree.paths().collect::<Vec<_>>(),
             [
-                Path::new(".gitignore"),
-                Path::new("a.txt"),
-                Path::new("b.txt"),
-                Path::new("ignored-dir"),
-                Path::new("ignored-dir/c.txt"),
-                Path::new("ignored-dir/d.txt"),
+                rel_path(".gitignore"),
+                rel_path("a.txt"),
+                rel_path("b.txt"),
+                rel_path("ignored-dir"),
+                rel_path("ignored-dir/c.txt"),
+                rel_path("ignored-dir/d.txt"),
             ]
         );
     });
diff --git a/crates/collab/src/tests/following_tests.rs b/crates/collab/src/tests/following_tests.rs
index 1bf0a28e341cf1e74dd12d962f875eb18f4474db..6f4a819f440929a9cc004cc018169420f758d264 100644
--- a/crates/collab/src/tests/following_tests.rs
+++ b/crates/collab/src/tests/following_tests.rs
@@ -632,13 +632,16 @@ async fn test_following_tab_order(
     let pane_paths = |pane: &Entity<workspace::Pane>, cx: &mut VisualTestContext| {
         pane.update(cx, |pane, cx| {
             pane.items()
-                .map(|item| item.project_path(cx).unwrap().path.as_str().to_owned())
+                .map(|item| item.project_path(cx).unwrap().path)
                 .collect::<Vec<_>>()
         })
     };
 
     //Verify that the tabs opened in the order we expect
-    assert_eq!(&pane_paths(&pane_a, cx_a), &["1.txt", "3.txt"]);
+    assert_eq!(
+        &pane_paths(&pane_a, cx_a),
+        &[rel_path("1.txt").into(), rel_path("3.txt").into()]
+    );
 
     //Follow client B as client A
     workspace_a.update_in(cx_a, |workspace, window, cx| {
@@ -656,7 +659,14 @@ async fn test_following_tab_order(
     executor.run_until_parked();
 
     // Verify that newly opened followed file is at the end
-    assert_eq!(&pane_paths(&pane_a, cx_a), &["1.txt", "3.txt", "2.txt"]);
+    assert_eq!(
+        &pane_paths(&pane_a, cx_a),
+        &[
+            rel_path("1.txt").into(),
+            rel_path("3.txt").into(),
+            rel_path("2.txt").into()
+        ]
+    );
 
     //Open just 1 on client B
     workspace_b
@@ -665,11 +675,21 @@ async fn test_following_tab_order(
         })
         .await
         .unwrap();
-    assert_eq!(&pane_paths(&pane_b, cx_b), &["2.txt", "1.txt"]);
+    assert_eq!(
+        &pane_paths(&pane_b, cx_b),
+        &[rel_path("2.txt").into(), rel_path("1.txt").into()]
+    );
     executor.run_until_parked();
 
     // Verify that following into 1 did not reorder
-    assert_eq!(&pane_paths(&pane_a, cx_a), &["1.txt", "3.txt", "2.txt"]);
+    assert_eq!(
+        &pane_paths(&pane_a, cx_a),
+        &[
+            rel_path("1.txt").into(),
+            rel_path("3.txt").into(),
+            rel_path("2.txt").into()
+        ]
+    );
 }
 
 #[gpui::test(iterations = 10)]
diff --git a/crates/collab/src/tests/integration_tests.rs b/crates/collab/src/tests/integration_tests.rs
index 93c3665c11edebcb371dc8f1b819f84c00b2dda8..98acecb1088b75aaec6b07d75d95c67517b56779 100644
--- a/crates/collab/src/tests/integration_tests.rs
+++ b/crates/collab/src/tests/integration_tests.rs
@@ -1699,13 +1699,8 @@ async fn test_project_reconnect(
         );
         assert!(worktree_a3.read(cx).has_update_observer());
         assert_eq!(
-            worktree_a3
-                .read(cx)
-                .snapshot()
-                .paths()
-                .map(|p| p.as_str())
-                .collect::<Vec<_>>(),
-            vec!["w.txt", "x.txt", "y.txt"]
+            worktree_a3.read(cx).snapshot().paths().collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+            vec![rel_path("w.txt"), rel_path("x.txt"), rel_path("y.txt")]
         );
     });
 
@@ -1737,9 +1732,8 @@ async fn test_project_reconnect(
                 .read(cx)
                 .snapshot()
                 .paths()
-                .map(|p| p.as_str())
                 .collect::<Vec<_>>(),
-            vec!["w.txt", "x.txt", "y.txt"]
+            vec![rel_path("w.txt"), rel_path("x.txt"), rel_path("y.txt")]
         );
     });
 
@@ -1833,7 +1827,7 @@ async fn test_project_reconnect(
                 .read(cx)
                 .snapshot()
                 .paths()
-                .map(|p| p.as_str())
+                .map(|p| p.as_unix_str())
                 .collect::<Vec<_>>(),
             vec!["z.txt"]
         );
@@ -2471,39 +2465,39 @@ async fn test_propagate_saves_and_fs_changes(
 
     worktree_a.read_with(cx_a, |tree, _| {
         assert_eq!(
-            tree.paths().map(|p| p.as_str()).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
-            ["file1.js", "file3", "file4"]
+            tree.paths().collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+            [rel_path("file1.js"), rel_path("file3"), rel_path("file4")]
         )
     });
 
     worktree_b.read_with(cx_b, |tree, _| {
         assert_eq!(
-            tree.paths().map(|p| p.as_str()).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
-            ["file1.js", "file3", "file4"]
+            tree.paths().collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+            [rel_path("file1.js"), rel_path("file3"), rel_path("file4")]
         )
     });
 
     worktree_c.read_with(cx_c, |tree, _| {
         assert_eq!(
-            tree.paths().map(|p| p.as_str()).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
-            ["file1.js", "file3", "file4"]
+            tree.paths().collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+            [rel_path("file1.js"), rel_path("file3"), rel_path("file4")]
         )
     });
 
     // Ensure buffer files are updated as well.
 
     buffer_a.read_with(cx_a, |buffer, _| {
-        assert_eq!(buffer.file().unwrap().path().as_str(), "file1.js");
+        assert_eq!(buffer.file().unwrap().path().as_ref(), rel_path("file1.js"));
         assert_eq!(buffer.language().unwrap().name(), "JavaScript".into());
     });
 
     buffer_b.read_with(cx_b, |buffer, _| {
-        assert_eq!(buffer.file().unwrap().path().as_str(), "file1.js");
+        assert_eq!(buffer.file().unwrap().path().as_ref(), rel_path("file1.js"));
         assert_eq!(buffer.language().unwrap().name(), "JavaScript".into());
     });
 
     buffer_c.read_with(cx_c, |buffer, _| {
-        assert_eq!(buffer.file().unwrap().path().as_str(), "file1.js");
+        assert_eq!(buffer.file().unwrap().path().as_ref(), rel_path("file1.js"));
         assert_eq!(buffer.language().unwrap().name(), "JavaScript".into());
     });
 
@@ -3217,15 +3211,15 @@ async fn test_fs_operations(
 
     worktree_a.read_with(cx_a, |worktree, _| {
         assert_eq!(
-            worktree.paths().map(|p| p.as_str()).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
-            ["a.txt", "b.txt", "c.txt"]
+            worktree.paths().collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+            [rel_path("a.txt"), rel_path("b.txt"), rel_path("c.txt")]
         );
     });
 
     worktree_b.read_with(cx_b, |worktree, _| {
         assert_eq!(
-            worktree.paths().map(|p| p.as_str()).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
-            ["a.txt", "b.txt", "c.txt"]
+            worktree.paths().collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+            [rel_path("a.txt"), rel_path("b.txt"), rel_path("c.txt")]
         );
     });
 
@@ -3240,14 +3234,17 @@ async fn test_fs_operations(
 
     worktree_a.read_with(cx_a, |worktree, _| {
         assert_eq!(
-            worktree.paths().map(|p| p.as_str()).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
-            ["a.txt", "b.txt", "d.txt"]
+            worktree.paths().collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+            [rel_path("a.txt"), rel_path("b.txt"), rel_path("d.txt")]
         );
     });
 
     worktree_b.read_with(cx_b, |worktree, _| {
         assert_eq!(
-            worktree.paths().map(|p| p.as_str()).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+            worktree
+                .paths()
+                .map(|p| p.as_unix_str())
+                .collect::<Vec<_>>(),
             ["a.txt", "b.txt", "d.txt"]
         );
     });
@@ -3263,14 +3260,20 @@ async fn test_fs_operations(
 
     worktree_a.read_with(cx_a, |worktree, _| {
         assert_eq!(
-            worktree.paths().map(|p| p.as_str()).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+            worktree
+                .paths()
+                .map(|p| p.as_unix_str())
+                .collect::<Vec<_>>(),
             ["DIR", "a.txt", "b.txt", "d.txt"]
         );
     });
 
     worktree_b.read_with(cx_b, |worktree, _| {
         assert_eq!(
-            worktree.paths().map(|p| p.as_str()).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+            worktree
+                .paths()
+                .map(|p| p.as_unix_str())
+                .collect::<Vec<_>>(),
             ["DIR", "a.txt", "b.txt", "d.txt"]
         );
     });
@@ -3386,14 +3389,20 @@ async fn test_fs_operations(
 
     worktree_a.read_with(cx_a, |worktree, _| {
         assert_eq!(
-            worktree.paths().map(|p| p.as_str()).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+            worktree
+                .paths()
+                .map(|p| p.as_unix_str())
+                .collect::<Vec<_>>(),
             ["a.txt", "b.txt", "d.txt", "f.txt"]
         );
     });
 
     worktree_b.read_with(cx_b, |worktree, _| {
         assert_eq!(
-            worktree.paths().map(|p| p.as_str()).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+            worktree
+                .paths()
+                .map(|p| p.as_unix_str())
+                .collect::<Vec<_>>(),
             ["a.txt", "b.txt", "d.txt", "f.txt"]
         );
     });
@@ -3407,14 +3416,20 @@ async fn test_fs_operations(
 
     worktree_a.read_with(cx_a, |worktree, _| {
         assert_eq!(
-            worktree.paths().map(|p| p.as_str()).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+            worktree
+                .paths()
+                .map(|p| p.as_unix_str())
+                .collect::<Vec<_>>(),
             ["a.txt", "b.txt", "f.txt"]
         );
     });
 
     worktree_b.read_with(cx_b, |worktree, _| {
         assert_eq!(
-            worktree.paths().map(|p| p.as_str()).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+            worktree
+                .paths()
+                .map(|p| p.as_unix_str())
+                .collect::<Vec<_>>(),
             ["a.txt", "b.txt", "f.txt"]
         );
     });
diff --git a/crates/collab/src/tests/random_project_collaboration_tests.rs b/crates/collab/src/tests/random_project_collaboration_tests.rs
index 0cc4a4eadea213dc4f40d14be2cdf379915686c7..7e9b84c0571ed6dff19702ce3532c45d56f6413f 100644
--- a/crates/collab/src/tests/random_project_collaboration_tests.rs
+++ b/crates/collab/src/tests/random_project_collaboration_tests.rs
@@ -973,7 +973,7 @@ impl RandomizedTest for ProjectCollaborationTest {
                     let dot_git_dir = repo_path.join(".git");
                     let contents = contents
                         .iter()
-                        .map(|(path, contents)| (path.as_str(), contents.clone()))
+                        .map(|(path, contents)| (path.as_unix_str(), contents.clone()))
                         .collect::<Vec<_>>();
                     if client.fs().metadata(&dot_git_dir).await?.is_none() {
                         client.fs().create_dir(&dot_git_dir).await?;
@@ -1031,7 +1031,7 @@ impl RandomizedTest for ProjectCollaborationTest {
 
                     let statuses = statuses
                         .iter()
-                        .map(|(path, val)| (path.as_str(), *val))
+                        .map(|(path, val)| (path.as_unix_str(), *val))
                         .collect::<Vec<_>>();
 
                     if client.fs().metadata(&dot_git_dir).await?.is_none() {
@@ -1463,7 +1463,7 @@ fn generate_git_operation(rng: &mut StdRng, client: &TestClient) -> GitOperation
         paths
             .iter()
             .map(|path| {
-                RelPath::from_std_path(path.strip_prefix(repo_path).unwrap(), PathStyle::local())
+                RelPath::new(path.strip_prefix(repo_path).unwrap(), PathStyle::local())
                     .unwrap()
                     .to_rel_path_buf()
             })
diff --git a/crates/dap_adapters/src/python.rs b/crates/dap_adapters/src/python.rs
index 468edf5664f1a56c45ea5308747be2b8bcd0a468..5a6bd729ce4cf174822f7977fd0e86b826d45601 100644
--- a/crates/dap_adapters/src/python.rs
+++ b/crates/dap_adapters/src/python.rs
@@ -726,7 +726,7 @@ impl DebugAdapter for PythonDebugAdapter {
             .config
             .get("cwd")
             .and_then(|cwd| {
-                RelPath::from_std_path(
+                RelPath::new(
                     cwd.as_str()
                         .map(Path::new)?
                         .strip_prefix(delegate.worktree_root_path())
@@ -740,7 +740,7 @@ impl DebugAdapter for PythonDebugAdapter {
             .toolchain_store()
             .active_toolchain(
                 delegate.worktree_id(),
-                base_path,
+                base_path.into_arc(),
                 language::LanguageName::new(Self::LANGUAGE_NAME),
                 cx,
             )
diff --git a/crates/debugger_ui/src/debugger_panel.rs b/crates/debugger_ui/src/debugger_panel.rs
index 57f17e577e82bc8f97c6d9a82544324182e3d2f9..9154047aa54b43a726834e62a3a4a397ae91d74b 100644
--- a/crates/debugger_ui/src/debugger_panel.rs
+++ b/crates/debugger_ui/src/debugger_panel.rs
@@ -1062,10 +1062,10 @@ impl DebugPanel {
                 directory_in_worktree: dir,
                 ..
             } => {
-                let relative_path = if dir.ends_with(RelPath::new(".vscode").unwrap()) {
-                    dir.join(RelPath::new("launch.json").unwrap())
+                let relative_path = if dir.ends_with(RelPath::unix(".vscode").unwrap()) {
+                    dir.join(RelPath::unix("launch.json").unwrap())
                 } else {
-                    dir.join(RelPath::new("debug.json").unwrap())
+                    dir.join(RelPath::unix("debug.json").unwrap())
                 };
                 ProjectPath {
                     worktree_id: id,
@@ -1136,7 +1136,7 @@ impl DebugPanel {
                     }
                     path.pop();
 
-                    path.push(paths::local_debug_file_relative_path());
+                    path.push(paths::local_debug_file_relative_path().as_std_path());
                     let path = path.as_path();
 
                     if !fs.is_file(path).await {
diff --git a/crates/debugger_ui/src/new_process_modal.rs b/crates/debugger_ui/src/new_process_modal.rs
index 2ee8d13732f09c517015437691aae659d7449f5c..cb8edb88b5d108a48d919bb17cb1f320a6c9bdaa 100644
--- a/crates/debugger_ui/src/new_process_modal.rs
+++ b/crates/debugger_ui/src/new_process_modal.rs
@@ -1037,10 +1037,10 @@ impl DebugDelegate {
 
                     match path.components().next_back() {
                         Some(".zed") => {
-                            path.push(RelPath::new("debug.json").unwrap());
+                            path.push(RelPath::unix("debug.json").unwrap());
                         }
                         Some(".vscode") => {
-                            path.push(RelPath::new("launch.json").unwrap());
+                            path.push(RelPath::unix("launch.json").unwrap());
                         }
                         _ => {}
                     }
@@ -1133,7 +1133,7 @@ impl DebugDelegate {
                         id: _,
                         directory_in_worktree: dir,
                         id_base: _,
-                    } => dir.ends_with(RelPath::new(".zed").unwrap()),
+                    } => dir.ends_with(RelPath::unix(".zed").unwrap()),
                     _ => false,
                 });
 
@@ -1154,7 +1154,7 @@ impl DebugDelegate {
                                     id_base: _,
                                 } => {
                                     !(hide_vscode
-                                        && dir.ends_with(RelPath::new(".vscode").unwrap()))
+                                        && dir.ends_with(RelPath::unix(".vscode").unwrap()))
                                 }
                                 _ => true,
                             })
diff --git a/crates/debugger_ui/src/session/running/breakpoint_list.rs b/crates/debugger_ui/src/session/running/breakpoint_list.rs
index f0f86b124a711922a452afc1a74cd4cab9fe28fd..cec906e293485f3ab7b3685f65834d2b143ef8e2 100644
--- a/crates/debugger_ui/src/session/running/breakpoint_list.rs
+++ b/crates/debugger_ui/src/session/running/breakpoint_list.rs
@@ -682,10 +682,11 @@ impl Render for BreakpointList {
             breakpoints.into_iter().filter_map(move |breakpoint| {
                 debug_assert_eq!(&path, &breakpoint.path);
                 let file_name = breakpoint.path.file_name()?;
+                let breakpoint_path = RelPath::new(&breakpoint.path, path_style).ok();
 
                 let dir = relative_worktree_path
-                    .clone()
-                    .or_else(|| RelPath::from_std_path(&breakpoint.path, path_style).ok())?
+                    .as_deref()
+                    .or(breakpoint_path.as_deref())?
                     .parent()
                     .map(|parent| SharedString::from(parent.display(path_style).to_string()));
                 let name = file_name
diff --git a/crates/editor/src/editor_tests.rs b/crates/editor/src/editor_tests.rs
index df1640a716b3e5dae648f33aabac4d0aefecb02e..b85998c6b821560df8abc17e8ef4bb01ca1a7b6e 100644
--- a/crates/editor/src/editor_tests.rs
+++ b/crates/editor/src/editor_tests.rs
@@ -20905,7 +20905,10 @@ async fn test_display_diff_hunks(cx: &mut TestAppContext) {
         for buffer in &buffers {
             let snapshot = buffer.read(cx).snapshot();
             multibuffer.set_excerpts_for_path(
-                PathKey::namespaced(0, buffer.read(cx).file().unwrap().path().as_str().into()),
+                PathKey::namespaced(
+                    0,
+                    buffer.read(cx).file().unwrap().path().as_unix_str().into(),
+                ),
                 buffer.clone(),
                 vec![text::Anchor::MIN.to_point(&snapshot)..text::Anchor::MAX.to_point(&snapshot)],
                 2,
diff --git a/crates/editor/src/test/editor_test_context.rs b/crates/editor/src/test/editor_test_context.rs
index 06fd01c85f8d2371a9ff181b6720e25353a396c7..8cf160837420a67a76e7b72a135ed0795191e5d3 100644
--- a/crates/editor/src/test/editor_test_context.rs
+++ b/crates/editor/src/test/editor_test_context.rs
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ impl EditorTestContext {
         let path = self.update_buffer(|buffer, _| buffer.file().unwrap().path().clone());
         fs.set_head_for_repo(
             &Self::root_path().join(".git"),
-            &[(path.as_str(), diff_base.to_string())],
+            &[(path.as_unix_str(), diff_base.to_string())],
             "deadbeef",
         );
         self.cx.run_until_parked();
@@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ impl EditorTestContext {
         let path = self.update_buffer(|buffer, _| buffer.file().unwrap().path().clone());
         fs.set_index_for_repo(
             &Self::root_path().join(".git"),
-            &[(path.as_str(), diff_base.to_string())],
+            &[(path.as_unix_str(), diff_base.to_string())],
         );
         self.cx.run_until_parked();
     }
diff --git a/crates/eval/src/examples/add_arg_to_trait_method.rs b/crates/eval/src/examples/add_arg_to_trait_method.rs
index 0626be5a4e2d620337e1bd8896e25f519de86811..41fa7c3dc6361c25868e2bbe73b71010b5d07d80 100644
--- a/crates/eval/src/examples/add_arg_to_trait_method.rs
+++ b/crates/eval/src/examples/add_arg_to_trait_method.rs
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ impl Example for AddArgToTraitMethod {
 
         for tool_name in add_ignored_window_paths {
             let path_str = format!("crates/assistant_tools/src/{}.rs", tool_name);
-            let edits = edits.get(RelPath::new(&path_str).unwrap());
+            let edits = edits.get(RelPath::unix(&path_str).unwrap());
 
             let ignored = edits.is_some_and(|edits| {
                 edits.has_added_line("        _window: Option<gpui::AnyWindowHandle>,\n")
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ impl Example for AddArgToTraitMethod {
         // Adds unignored argument to `batch_tool`
 
         let batch_tool_edits =
-            edits.get(RelPath::new("crates/assistant_tools/src/batch_tool.rs").unwrap());
+            edits.get(RelPath::unix("crates/assistant_tools/src/batch_tool.rs").unwrap());
 
         cx.assert(
             batch_tool_edits.is_some_and(|edits| {
diff --git a/crates/extension_host/src/wasm_host/wit/since_v0_1_0.rs b/crates/extension_host/src/wasm_host/wit/since_v0_1_0.rs
index 16e695f04fc52b307a08ffce48bfcca77ba816c0..73207b30366565df1584b259bfd0712b6d1f6ae1 100644
--- a/crates/extension_host/src/wasm_host/wit/since_v0_1_0.rs
+++ b/crates/extension_host/src/wasm_host/wit/since_v0_1_0.rs
@@ -425,7 +425,7 @@ impl ExtensionImports for WasmState {
                 let location = location.as_ref().and_then(|location| {
                     Some(::settings::SettingsLocation {
                         worktree_id: WorktreeId::from_proto(location.worktree_id),
-                        path: RelPath::new(&location.path).ok()?,
+                        path: RelPath::unix(&location.path).ok()?,
                     })
                 });
 
diff --git a/crates/extension_host/src/wasm_host/wit/since_v0_6_0.rs b/crates/extension_host/src/wasm_host/wit/since_v0_6_0.rs
index 9e608b9e8e68ee93cfcb47c39708a8a0c2499d71..861f73f4a4e766932b92a869a52b8174a206cdda 100644
--- a/crates/extension_host/src/wasm_host/wit/since_v0_6_0.rs
+++ b/crates/extension_host/src/wasm_host/wit/since_v0_6_0.rs
@@ -564,7 +564,7 @@ impl HostWorktree for WasmState {
     ) -> wasmtime::Result<Result<String, String>> {
         let delegate = self.table.get(&delegate)?;
         Ok(delegate
-            .read_text_file(RelPath::new(&path)?)
+            .read_text_file(RelPath::unix(&path)?)
             .await
             .map_err(|error| error.to_string()))
     }
@@ -917,7 +917,7 @@ impl ExtensionImports for WasmState {
                 let location = location.as_ref().and_then(|location| {
                     Some(::settings::SettingsLocation {
                         worktree_id: WorktreeId::from_proto(location.worktree_id),
-                        path: RelPath::new(&location.path).ok()?,
+                        path: RelPath::unix(&location.path).ok()?,
                     })
                 });
 
diff --git a/crates/file_finder/src/file_finder.rs b/crates/file_finder/src/file_finder.rs
index 4cc7f1d664c8c743cf19404ab6858369735c0abd..08c54dabc23b44140404072c97fcb38f86bee947 100644
--- a/crates/file_finder/src/file_finder.rs
+++ b/crates/file_finder/src/file_finder.rs
@@ -666,7 +666,7 @@ impl Matches {
         }
 
         if let Some(filename) = panel_match.0.path.file_name() {
-            let path_str = panel_match.0.path.as_str();
+            let path_str = panel_match.0.path.as_unix_str();
 
             if let Some(filename_pos) = path_str.rfind(filename)
                 && panel_match.0.positions[0] >= filename_pos
@@ -940,7 +940,7 @@ impl FileFinderDelegate {
 
             let path_style = self.project.read(cx).path_style(cx);
             let query_path = query.raw_query.as_str();
-            if let Ok(mut query_path) = RelPath::from_std_path(Path::new(query_path), path_style) {
+            if let Ok(mut query_path) = RelPath::new(Path::new(query_path), path_style) {
                 let available_worktree = self
                     .project
                     .read(cx)
@@ -953,7 +953,7 @@ impl FileFinderDelegate {
                     let worktree_root = worktree.read(cx).root_name();
                     if worktree_count > 1 {
                         if let Ok(suffix) = query_path.strip_prefix(worktree_root) {
-                            query_path = suffix.into();
+                            query_path = Cow::Owned(suffix.to_owned());
                             expect_worktree = Some(worktree);
                             break;
                         }
@@ -973,7 +973,7 @@ impl FileFinderDelegate {
                     {
                         self.matches.matches.push(Match::CreateNew(ProjectPath {
                             worktree_id: worktree.id(),
-                            path: query_path,
+                            path: query_path.into_arc(),
                         }));
                     }
                 }
@@ -1128,7 +1128,7 @@ impl FileFinderDelegate {
         let mut path_positions = path_match.positions.clone();
 
         let file_name = full_path.file_name().unwrap_or("");
-        let file_name_start = full_path.as_str().len() - file_name.len();
+        let file_name_start = full_path.as_unix_str().len() - file_name.len();
         let file_name_positions = path_positions
             .iter()
             .filter_map(|pos| {
@@ -1325,7 +1325,7 @@ impl PickerDelegate for FileFinderDelegate {
                     .all(|worktree| {
                         worktree
                             .read(cx)
-                            .entry_for_path(RelPath::new(prefix.split_at(1).0).unwrap())
+                            .entry_for_path(RelPath::unix(prefix.split_at(1).0).unwrap())
                             .is_none_or(|entry| !entry.is_dir())
                     })
                 {
diff --git a/crates/file_finder/src/file_finder_tests.rs b/crates/file_finder/src/file_finder_tests.rs
index 75b2101101bcdddf4112f6ea1f3d864f71924aa2..dffbaff7978c9267f814d5250fd8c167c4a2bd10 100644
--- a/crates/file_finder/src/file_finder_tests.rs
+++ b/crates/file_finder/src/file_finder_tests.rs
@@ -2192,7 +2192,7 @@ async fn test_nonexistent_history_items_not_shown(cx: &mut gpui::TestAppContext)
             collect_search_matches(picker).history,
             vec![
                 rel_path("test/first.rs").into(),
-                rel_path("test/third.rs").into(),
+                rel_path("test/third.rs").into()
             ],
             "Should have all opened files in the history, except the ones that do not exist on disk"
         );
diff --git a/crates/fs/src/fake_git_repo.rs b/crates/fs/src/fake_git_repo.rs
index 940210a7105a38baf472eafc4638f955b4acc6ae..91c7113214adc6af722739e946588838b7bdd7a6 100644
--- a/crates/fs/src/fake_git_repo.rs
+++ b/crates/fs/src/fake_git_repo.rs
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ impl GitRepository for FakeGitRepository {
                     .read_file_sync(path)
                     .ok()
                     .map(|content| String::from_utf8(content).unwrap())?;
-                let repo_path = RelPath::from_std_path(repo_path, PathStyle::local()).ok()?;
+                let repo_path = RelPath::new(repo_path, PathStyle::local()).ok()?;
                 Some((repo_path.into(), (content, is_ignored)))
             })
             .collect();
diff --git a/crates/fs/src/fs.rs b/crates/fs/src/fs.rs
index a1ee23cf5f33ea20d479d534d87596701dac1a16..11ff637ad4316499c95a1bd032daa48b72766eb2 100644
--- a/crates/fs/src/fs.rs
+++ b/crates/fs/src/fs.rs
@@ -1671,10 +1671,10 @@ impl FakeFs {
             for (path, content) in workdir_contents {
                 use util::{paths::PathStyle, rel_path::RelPath};
 
-                let repo_path: RepoPath = RelPath::from_std_path(path.strip_prefix(&workdir_path).unwrap(), PathStyle::local()).unwrap().into();
+                let repo_path: RepoPath = RelPath::new(path.strip_prefix(&workdir_path).unwrap(), PathStyle::local()).unwrap().into();
                 let status = statuses
                     .iter()
-                    .find_map(|(p, status)| (*p == repo_path.as_str()).then_some(status));
+                    .find_map(|(p, status)| (*p == repo_path.as_unix_str()).then_some(status));
                 let mut content = String::from_utf8_lossy(&content).to_string();
 
                 let mut index_content = None;
diff --git a/crates/fuzzy/src/paths.rs b/crates/fuzzy/src/paths.rs
index fa6d3f850465e62106d2b84f8f0a9be56c4ca19d..6fc52361e37750400aa308733865fc6fee435134 100644
--- a/crates/fuzzy/src/paths.rs
+++ b/crates/fuzzy/src/paths.rs
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ impl<'a> MatchCandidate for PathMatchCandidate<'a> {
     }
 
     fn candidate_chars(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = char> {
-        self.path.as_str().chars()
+        self.path.as_unix_str().chars()
     }
 }
 
@@ -184,8 +184,11 @@ pub async fn match_path_sets<'a, Set: PathMatchCandidateSet<'a>>(
                             let candidates = candidate_set.candidates(start).take(end - start);
 
                             let worktree_id = candidate_set.id();
-                            let mut prefix =
-                                candidate_set.prefix().as_str().chars().collect::<Vec<_>>();
+                            let mut prefix = candidate_set
+                                .prefix()
+                                .as_unix_str()
+                                .chars()
+                                .collect::<Vec<_>>();
                             if !candidate_set.root_is_file() && !prefix.is_empty() {
                                 prefix.push('/');
                             }
diff --git a/crates/git/src/blame.rs b/crates/git/src/blame.rs
index a06d5081b77672a7578e6fc74c6db56dd9705471..e58b9cb7e0427bf3af1c88f473debba0b6f94f59 100644
--- a/crates/git/src/blame.rs
+++ b/crates/git/src/blame.rs
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ async fn run_git_blame(
         .arg("-w")
         .arg("--contents")
         .arg("-")
-        .arg(path.as_str())
+        .arg(path.as_unix_str())
         .stdin(Stdio::piped())
         .stdout(Stdio::piped())
         .stderr(Stdio::piped())
diff --git a/crates/git/src/repository.rs b/crates/git/src/repository.rs
index b455f5b14c7b1bb90fe93ecd94e51c4907a5d36f..570899986020a3ecc185beadd747ab0b5fea2460 100644
--- a/crates/git/src/repository.rs
+++ b/crates/git/src/repository.rs
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ use parking_lot::Mutex;
 use rope::Rope;
 use schemars::JsonSchema;
 use serde::Deserialize;
+use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::ffi::{OsStr, OsString};
 use std::io::prelude::*;
 use std::process::{ExitStatus, Stdio};
@@ -719,7 +720,7 @@ impl GitRepository for RealGitRepository {
             let mut newline = [b'\0'];
             for (path, status_code) in changes {
                 // git-show outputs `/`-delimited paths even on Windows.
-                let Ok(rel_path) = RelPath::new(path) else {
+                let Some(rel_path) = RelPath::unix(path).log_err() else {
                     continue;
                 };
 
@@ -828,7 +829,7 @@ impl GitRepository for RealGitRepository {
                 .current_dir(&working_directory?)
                 .envs(env.iter())
                 .args(["checkout", &commit, "--"])
-                .args(paths.iter().map(|path| path.as_str()))
+                .args(paths.iter().map(|path| path.as_unix_str()))
                 .output()
                 .await?;
             anyhow::ensure!(
@@ -920,7 +921,7 @@ impl GitRepository for RealGitRepository {
                         .current_dir(&working_directory)
                         .envs(env.iter())
                         .args(["update-index", "--add", "--cacheinfo", "100644", sha])
-                        .arg(path.as_str())
+                        .arg(path.as_unix_str())
                         .output()
                         .await?;
 
@@ -935,7 +936,7 @@ impl GitRepository for RealGitRepository {
                         .current_dir(&working_directory)
                         .envs(env.iter())
                         .args(["update-index", "--force-remove"])
-                        .arg(path.as_str())
+                        .arg(path.as_unix_str())
                         .output()
                         .await?;
                     anyhow::ensure!(
@@ -1253,7 +1254,7 @@ impl GitRepository for RealGitRepository {
                         .current_dir(&working_directory?)
                         .envs(env.iter())
                         .args(["update-index", "--add", "--remove", "--"])
-                        .args(paths.iter().map(|p| p.as_str()))
+                        .args(paths.iter().map(|p| p.as_unix_str()))
                         .output()
                         .await?;
                     anyhow::ensure!(
@@ -1282,7 +1283,7 @@ impl GitRepository for RealGitRepository {
                         .current_dir(&working_directory?)
                         .envs(env.iter())
                         .args(["reset", "--quiet", "--"])
-                        .args(paths.iter().map(|p| p.as_ref()))
+                        .args(paths.iter().map(|p| p.as_std_path()))
                         .output()
                         .await?;
 
@@ -1311,7 +1312,7 @@ impl GitRepository for RealGitRepository {
                     .args(["stash", "push", "--quiet"])
                     .arg("--include-untracked");
 
-                cmd.args(paths.iter().map(|p| p.as_ref()));
+                cmd.args(paths.iter().map(|p| p.as_unix_str()));
 
                 let output = cmd.output().await?;
 
@@ -1817,7 +1818,7 @@ fn git_status_args(path_prefixes: &[RepoPath]) -> Vec<OsString> {
         if path_prefix.is_empty() {
             Path::new(".").into()
         } else {
-            path_prefix.as_os_str().into()
+            path_prefix.as_std_path().into()
         }
     }));
     args
@@ -2073,7 +2074,7 @@ pub struct RepoPath(pub Arc<RelPath>);
 
 impl RepoPath {
     pub fn new<S: AsRef<str> + ?Sized>(s: &S) -> Result<Self> {
-        let rel_path = RelPath::new(s)?;
+        let rel_path = RelPath::unix(s.as_ref())?;
         Ok(rel_path.into())
     }
 
@@ -2083,14 +2084,14 @@ impl RepoPath {
     }
 
     pub fn from_std_path(path: &Path, path_style: PathStyle) -> Result<Self> {
-        let rel_path = RelPath::from_std_path(path, path_style)?;
-        Ok(rel_path.into())
+        let rel_path = RelPath::new(path, path_style)?;
+        Ok(Self(rel_path.as_ref().into()))
     }
 }
 
 #[cfg(any(test, feature = "test-support"))]
 pub fn repo_path<S: AsRef<str> + ?Sized>(s: &S) -> RepoPath {
-    RepoPath(RelPath::new(s).unwrap().into())
+    RepoPath(RelPath::unix(s.as_ref()).unwrap().into())
 }
 
 impl From<&RelPath> for RepoPath {
@@ -2099,6 +2100,12 @@ impl From<&RelPath> for RepoPath {
     }
 }
 
+impl<'a> From<Cow<'a, RelPath>> for RepoPath {
+    fn from(value: Cow<'a, RelPath>) -> Self {
+        value.as_ref().into()
+    }
+}
+
 impl From<Arc<RelPath>> for RepoPath {
     fn from(value: Arc<RelPath>) -> Self {
         RepoPath(value)
@@ -2119,11 +2126,11 @@ impl std::ops::Deref for RepoPath {
     }
 }
 
-impl AsRef<Path> for RepoPath {
-    fn as_ref(&self) -> &Path {
-        RelPath::as_ref(&self.0)
-    }
-}
+// impl AsRef<Path> for RepoPath {
+//     fn as_ref(&self) -> &Path {
+//         RelPath::as_ref(&self.0)
+//     }
+// }
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct RepoPathDescendants<'a>(pub &'a RepoPath);
diff --git a/crates/git/src/status.rs b/crates/git/src/status.rs
index 2bcd0809dbb1ac4bf41c8b7e861ed906f086d1ad..c3f28aa2040446822f81990804a63fcb5a53300c 100644
--- a/crates/git/src/status.rs
+++ b/crates/git/src/status.rs
@@ -448,7 +448,7 @@ impl FromStr for GitStatus {
                 let status = entry.as_bytes()[0..2].try_into().unwrap();
                 let status = FileStatus::from_bytes(status).log_err()?;
                 // git-status outputs `/`-delimited repo paths, even on Windows.
-                let path = RepoPath(RelPath::new(path).log_err()?.into());
+                let path = RepoPath(RelPath::unix(path).log_err()?.into());
                 Some((path, status))
             })
             .collect::<Vec<_>>();
diff --git a/crates/git_ui/src/commit_view.rs b/crates/git_ui/src/commit_view.rs
index 038a5beaac5fcb7b1d96ff5f1e63d307bce6595c..ac00955b6112f2a8b3f9cd963194d76a8217f9c5 100644
--- a/crates/git_ui/src/commit_view.rs
+++ b/crates/git_ui/src/commit_view.rs
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ impl CommitView {
         let mut metadata_buffer_id = None;
         if let Some(worktree_id) = first_worktree_id {
             let file = Arc::new(CommitMetadataFile {
-                title: RelPath::new(&format!("commit {}", commit.sha))
+                title: RelPath::unix(&format!("commit {}", commit.sha))
                     .unwrap()
                     .into(),
                 worktree_id,
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ impl CommitView {
             });
             multibuffer.update(cx, |multibuffer, cx| {
                 multibuffer.set_excerpts_for_path(
-                    PathKey::namespaced(COMMIT_METADATA_NAMESPACE, file.title.as_str().into()),
+                    PathKey::namespaced(COMMIT_METADATA_NAMESPACE, file.title.as_unix_str().into()),
                     buffer.clone(),
                     vec![Point::zero()..buffer.read(cx).max_point()],
                     0,
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ impl CommitView {
                             .collect::<Vec<_>>();
                         let path = snapshot.file().unwrap().path().clone();
                         let _is_newly_added = multibuffer.set_excerpts_for_path(
-                            PathKey::namespaced(FILE_NAMESPACE, path.as_str().into()),
+                            PathKey::namespaced(FILE_NAMESPACE, path.as_unix_str().into()),
                             buffer,
                             diff_hunk_ranges,
                             multibuffer_context_lines(cx),
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ impl language::File for CommitMetadataFile {
     }
 
     fn full_path(&self, _: &App) -> PathBuf {
-        PathBuf::from(self.title.as_str().to_owned())
+        PathBuf::from(self.title.as_unix_str().to_owned())
     }
 
     fn file_name<'a>(&'a self, _: &'a App) -> &'a str {
diff --git a/crates/git_ui/src/project_diff.rs b/crates/git_ui/src/project_diff.rs
index a226caab34662c44c20a8bccb02d1149102befc7..0508cd4c2580ec2c49717f29cadade03f31bb1d6 100644
--- a/crates/git_ui/src/project_diff.rs
+++ b/crates/git_ui/src/project_diff.rs
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ impl ProjectDiff {
             TRACKED_NAMESPACE
         };
 
-        let path_key = PathKey::namespaced(namespace, entry.repo_path.as_str().into());
+        let path_key = PathKey::namespaced(namespace, entry.repo_path.as_unix_str().into());
 
         self.move_to_path(path_key, window, cx)
     }
@@ -397,7 +397,7 @@ impl ProjectDiff {
                 } else {
                     TRACKED_NAMESPACE
                 };
-                let path_key = PathKey::namespaced(namespace, entry.repo_path.as_str().into());
+                let path_key = PathKey::namespaced(namespace, entry.repo_path.as_unix_str().into());
 
                 previous_paths.remove(&path_key);
                 let load_buffer = self
diff --git a/crates/language_tools/src/lsp_button.rs b/crates/language_tools/src/lsp_button.rs
index 8bf40ccc1a7f05ffd3c8ff971638d84ae4b7150c..614eaa4f05a0c4cac2572b9d014a04a8de5c4554 100644
--- a/crates/language_tools/src/lsp_button.rs
+++ b/crates/language_tools/src/lsp_button.rs
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ impl LanguageServerState {
                                             let relative_path =
                                                 abs_path.strip_prefix(&worktree.abs_path()).ok()?;
                                             let relative_path =
-                                                RelPath::from_std_path(relative_path, path_style)
+                                                RelPath::new(relative_path, path_style)
                                                     .log_err()?;
                                             let entry = worktree.entry_for_path(&relative_path)?;
                                             let project_path =
diff --git a/crates/languages/src/json.rs b/crates/languages/src/json.rs
index 512653eab7dca97fd1c9ce3fbd790466ca62abd4..e59a3693753965995eec27c8a8d06b988e47bc21 100644
--- a/crates/languages/src/json.rs
+++ b/crates/languages/src/json.rs
@@ -55,8 +55,8 @@ impl ContextProvider for JsonTaskProvider {
         let Some(file) = project::File::from_dyn(file.as_ref()).cloned() else {
             return Task::ready(None);
         };
-        let is_package_json = file.path.ends_with(RelPath::new("package.json").unwrap());
-        let is_composer_json = file.path.ends_with(RelPath::new("composer.json").unwrap());
+        let is_package_json = file.path.ends_with(RelPath::unix("package.json").unwrap());
+        let is_composer_json = file.path.ends_with(RelPath::unix("composer.json").unwrap());
         if !is_package_json && !is_composer_json {
             return Task::ready(None);
         }
diff --git a/crates/languages/src/python.rs b/crates/languages/src/python.rs
index 8b6abc9c7205a769d0630a3792e37589c0e844c5..b7c37d19bd1d7caf9d81b4590be678cdfd69832a 100644
--- a/crates/languages/src/python.rs
+++ b/crates/languages/src/python.rs
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ impl ManifestProvider for PyprojectTomlManifestProvider {
         }: ManifestQuery,
     ) -> Option<Arc<RelPath>> {
         for path in path.ancestors().take(depth) {
-            let p = path.join(RelPath::new("pyproject.toml").unwrap());
+            let p = path.join(RelPath::unix("pyproject.toml").unwrap());
             if delegate.exists(&p, Some(false)) {
                 return Some(path.into());
             }
@@ -1030,7 +1030,7 @@ impl ToolchainLister for PythonToolchainProvider {
         config.workspace_directories = Some(
             subroot_relative_path
                 .ancestors()
-                .map(|ancestor| worktree_root.join(ancestor))
+                .map(|ancestor| worktree_root.join(ancestor.as_std_path()))
                 .collect(),
         );
         for locator in locators.iter() {
diff --git a/crates/languages/src/rust.rs b/crates/languages/src/rust.rs
index b8f5c78dcef829cf97dcdb5f1698e3fa429c25fa..04a1eba03381069ac9485cec8f9a84e07a1f4bd4 100644
--- a/crates/languages/src/rust.rs
+++ b/crates/languages/src/rust.rs
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ impl ManifestProvider for CargoManifestProvider {
     ) -> Option<Arc<RelPath>> {
         let mut outermost_cargo_toml = None;
         for path in path.ancestors().take(depth) {
-            let p = path.join(RelPath::new("Cargo.toml").unwrap());
+            let p = path.join(RelPath::unix("Cargo.toml").unwrap());
             if delegate.exists(&p, Some(false)) {
                 outermost_cargo_toml = Some(Arc::from(path));
             }
diff --git a/crates/languages/src/typescript.rs b/crates/languages/src/typescript.rs
index 6e3661fa6f2807689a0e12580813ed7c7e56c0de..4d1282e28a2bf32fb6fd4925fa6c76056a59c6a9 100644
--- a/crates/languages/src/typescript.rs
+++ b/crates/languages/src/typescript.rs
@@ -269,7 +269,7 @@ impl TypeScriptContextProvider {
     ) -> Task<anyhow::Result<PackageJsonData>> {
         let new_json_data = file_relative_path
             .ancestors()
-            .map(|path| worktree_root.join(path))
+            .map(|path| worktree_root.join(path.as_std_path()))
             .map(|parent_path| {
                 self.package_json_data(&parent_path, self.last_package_json.clone(), fs.clone(), cx)
             })
@@ -533,7 +533,7 @@ impl TypeScriptLspAdapter {
     }
     async fn tsdk_path(&self, adapter: &Arc<dyn LspAdapterDelegate>) -> Option<&'static str> {
         let is_yarn = adapter
-            .read_text_file(RelPath::new(".yarn/sdks/typescript/lib/typescript.js").unwrap())
+            .read_text_file(RelPath::unix(".yarn/sdks/typescript/lib/typescript.js").unwrap())
             .await
             .is_ok();
 
diff --git a/crates/languages/src/vtsls.rs b/crates/languages/src/vtsls.rs
index 053d15775b2f3ea6328b8dca269ed8144b0628b3..9124a64227f91aa256063f012c960e92afbd8b9e 100644
--- a/crates/languages/src/vtsls.rs
+++ b/crates/languages/src/vtsls.rs
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ impl VtslsLspAdapter {
 
     async fn tsdk_path(&self, adapter: &Arc<dyn LspAdapterDelegate>) -> Option<&'static str> {
         let is_yarn = adapter
-            .read_text_file(RelPath::new(".yarn/sdks/typescript/lib/typescript.js").unwrap())
+            .read_text_file(RelPath::unix(".yarn/sdks/typescript/lib/typescript.js").unwrap())
             .await
             .is_ok();
 
diff --git a/crates/outline_panel/src/outline_panel.rs b/crates/outline_panel/src/outline_panel.rs
index 4ba636921844404590e06ea7c5402fffd9de41f7..a2c404af805db03076c112792445a04833cbbf1d 100644
--- a/crates/outline_panel/src/outline_panel.rs
+++ b/crates/outline_panel/src/outline_panel.rs
@@ -6660,7 +6660,7 @@ outline: struct OutlineEntryExcerpt
                                 .read(cx)
                                 .root_name()
                                 .join(&directory.entry.path)
-                                .as_str()
+                                .as_unix_str()
                                 .to_string()
                         } else {
                             directory
diff --git a/crates/paths/src/paths.rs b/crates/paths/src/paths.rs
index b860cc1b02207d3d489624028f35d796bfc688fc..ac68cf863149dfd9c00615574bd5e51bd4592ff6 100644
--- a/crates/paths/src/paths.rs
+++ b/crates/paths/src/paths.rs
@@ -31,12 +31,12 @@ static CONFIG_DIR: OnceLock<PathBuf> = OnceLock::new();
 
 /// Returns the relative path to the zed_server directory on the ssh host.
 pub fn remote_server_dir_relative() -> &'static RelPath {
-    RelPath::new(".zed_server").unwrap()
+    RelPath::unix(".zed_server").unwrap()
 }
 
 /// Returns the relative path to the zed_wsl_server directory on the wsl host.
 pub fn remote_wsl_server_dir_relative() -> &'static RelPath {
-    RelPath::new(".zed_wsl_server").unwrap()
+    RelPath::unix(".zed_wsl_server").unwrap()
 }
 
 /// Sets a custom directory for all user data, overriding the default data directory.
@@ -410,17 +410,17 @@ pub fn local_vscode_folder_name() -> &'static str {
 
 /// Returns the relative path to a `settings.json` file within a project.
 pub fn local_settings_file_relative_path() -> &'static RelPath {
-    RelPath::new(".zed/settings.json").unwrap()
+    RelPath::unix(".zed/settings.json").unwrap()
 }
 
 /// Returns the relative path to a `tasks.json` file within a project.
 pub fn local_tasks_file_relative_path() -> &'static RelPath {
-    RelPath::new(".zed/tasks.json").unwrap()
+    RelPath::unix(".zed/tasks.json").unwrap()
 }
 
 /// Returns the relative path to a `.vscode/tasks.json` file within a project.
 pub fn local_vscode_tasks_file_relative_path() -> &'static RelPath {
-    RelPath::new(".vscode/tasks.json").unwrap()
+    RelPath::unix(".vscode/tasks.json").unwrap()
 }
 
 pub fn debug_task_file_name() -> &'static str {
@@ -434,12 +434,12 @@ pub fn task_file_name() -> &'static str {
 /// Returns the relative path to a `debug.json` file within a project.
 /// .zed/debug.json
 pub fn local_debug_file_relative_path() -> &'static RelPath {
-    RelPath::new(".zed/debug.json").unwrap()
+    RelPath::unix(".zed/debug.json").unwrap()
 }
 
 /// Returns the relative path to a `.vscode/launch.json` file within a project.
 pub fn local_vscode_launch_file_relative_path() -> &'static RelPath {
-    RelPath::new(".vscode/launch.json").unwrap()
+    RelPath::unix(".vscode/launch.json").unwrap()
 }
 
 pub fn user_ssh_config_file() -> PathBuf {
diff --git a/crates/project/src/git_store.rs b/crates/project/src/git_store.rs
index 168549d4eb7ae11b28bcf944f9dfe2bb26946748..1a6f966b89c990e28653395815f7e292c5b89294 100644
--- a/crates/project/src/git_store.rs
+++ b/crates/project/src/git_store.rs
@@ -989,7 +989,7 @@ impl GitStore {
                             parse_git_remote_url(provider_registry, &origin_url)
                                 .context("parsing Git remote URL")?;
 
-                        let path = repo_path.as_str();
+                        let path = repo_path.as_unix_str();
 
                         Ok(provider.build_permalink(
                             remote,
@@ -1315,7 +1315,7 @@ impl GitStore {
                 });
                 if let Some((repo, path)) = self.repository_and_path_for_buffer_id(buffer_id, cx) {
                     let recv = repo.update(cx, |repo, cx| {
-                        log::debug!("hunks changed for {}", path.as_str());
+                        log::debug!("hunks changed for {}", path.as_unix_str());
                         repo.spawn_set_index_text_job(
                             path,
                             new_index_text.as_ref().map(|rope| rope.to_string()),
@@ -3118,7 +3118,7 @@ impl Repository {
                                 let repo_path = this.abs_path_to_repo_path(&abs_path)?;
                                 log::debug!(
                                     "start reload diff bases for repo path {}",
-                                    repo_path.as_str()
+                                    repo_path.as_unix_str()
                                 );
                                 diff_state.update(cx, |diff_state, _| {
                                     let has_unstaged_diff = diff_state
@@ -4162,7 +4162,10 @@ impl Repository {
             Some(GitJobKey::WriteIndex(path.clone())),
             None,
             move |git_repo, mut cx| async move {
-                log::debug!("start updating index text for buffer {}", path.as_str());
+                log::debug!(
+                    "start updating index text for buffer {}",
+                    path.as_unix_str()
+                );
                 match git_repo {
                     RepositoryState::Local {
                         backend,
@@ -4184,7 +4187,10 @@ impl Repository {
                             .await?;
                     }
                 }
-                log::debug!("finish updating index text for buffer {}", path.as_str());
+                log::debug!(
+                    "finish updating index text for buffer {}",
+                    path.as_unix_str()
+                );
 
                 if let Some(hunk_staging_operation_count) = hunk_staging_operation_count {
                     let project_path = this
diff --git a/crates/project/src/git_store/git_traversal.rs b/crates/project/src/git_store/git_traversal.rs
index 3da56b0246a84927202179a8b440c5b2e8116d29..ca4a22b14d3682790282744b4834980d669b8d93 100644
--- a/crates/project/src/git_store/git_traversal.rs
+++ b/crates/project/src/git_store/git_traversal.rs
@@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ mod tests {
 
         let traversal = GitTraversal::new(
             &repo_snapshots,
-            worktree_snapshot.traverse_from_path(true, false, true, RelPath::new("x").unwrap()),
+            worktree_snapshot.traverse_from_path(true, false, true, RelPath::unix("x").unwrap()),
         );
         let entries = traversal
             .map(|entry| (entry.path.clone(), entry.git_summary))
diff --git a/crates/project/src/lsp_store.rs b/crates/project/src/lsp_store.rs
index 77ec10d01ea5400194d5a9288f5d1b0a4e874648..ce1b52999a795dd7e6eae7618735c63995ee5b69 100644
--- a/crates/project/src/lsp_store.rs
+++ b/crates/project/src/lsp_store.rs
@@ -1850,7 +1850,7 @@ impl LocalLspStore {
                                                 if !extra_buffers.is_empty() {
                                                     extra_buffers.push_str(", ");
                                                 }
-                                                extra_buffers.push_str(path.path.as_str());
+                                                extra_buffers.push_str(path.path.as_unix_str());
                                             }
                                         })
                                         .ok();
@@ -3284,7 +3284,7 @@ impl LocalLspStore {
                     let literal_prefix = glob_literal_prefix(relative);
                     Some((
                         worktree.clone(),
-                        RelPath::from_std_path(&literal_prefix, path_style).ok()?,
+                        RelPath::new(&literal_prefix, path_style).ok()?.into_arc(),
                         relative.to_string_lossy().to_string(),
                     ))
                 }
@@ -3300,7 +3300,7 @@ impl LocalLspStore {
                     literal_prefix.push(glob_literal_prefix(Path::new(&rp.pattern)));
                     Some((
                         worktree.clone(),
-                        RelPath::from_std_path(&literal_prefix, path_style).ok()?,
+                        RelPath::new(&literal_prefix, path_style).ok()?.into_arc(),
                         rp.pattern.clone(),
                     ))
                 }
@@ -7936,11 +7936,8 @@ impl LspStore {
                 let relative_path = if let Some(known_path) = known_relative_path {
                     known_path
                 } else {
-                    RelPath::from_std_path(
-                        abs_path.strip_prefix(worktree_root)?,
-                        PathStyle::local(),
-                    )
-                    .context("failed to create relative path")?
+                    RelPath::new(abs_path.strip_prefix(worktree_root)?, PathStyle::local())?
+                        .into_arc()
                 };
                 (worktree, relative_path)
             };
diff --git a/crates/project/src/manifest_tree/path_trie.rs b/crates/project/src/manifest_tree/path_trie.rs
index 2dd301fb13a89a61086d61a55c0f53568d1f3dd0..9710bb46d022382819d1edf7e84b85b5f325cdb7 100644
--- a/crates/project/src/manifest_tree/path_trie.rs
+++ b/crates/project/src/manifest_tree/path_trie.rs
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ impl<Label: Ord + Clone> RootPathTrie<Label> {
 
         let mut path_so_far = <Arc<RelPath>>::from(RelPath::empty());
         for key in path.0.iter() {
-            path_so_far = path_so_far.join(RelPath::new(key).unwrap());
+            path_so_far = path_so_far.join(RelPath::unix(key.as_ref()).unwrap());
             current = match current.children.entry(key.clone()) {
                 Entry::Vacant(vacant_entry) => {
                     vacant_entry.insert(RootPathTrie::new_with_key(path_so_far.clone()))
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ mod tests {
 
         trie.walk(&TriePath::new(rel_path("a/b/c")), &mut |path, nodes| {
             assert_eq!(nodes.get(&()), Some(&LabelPresence::Present));
-            assert_eq!(path.as_str(), "a/b/c");
+            assert_eq!(path.as_unix_str(), "a/b/c");
             ControlFlow::Continue(())
         });
         // Now let's annotate a parent with "Known missing" node.
@@ -170,10 +170,10 @@ mod tests {
         // Ensure that we walk from the root to the leaf.
         let mut visited_paths = BTreeSet::new();
         trie.walk(&TriePath::new(rel_path("a/b/c")), &mut |path, nodes| {
-            if path.as_str() == "a/b/c" {
+            if path.as_unix_str() == "a/b/c" {
                 assert_eq!(visited_paths, BTreeSet::from_iter([rel_path("a").into()]));
                 assert_eq!(nodes.get(&()), Some(&LabelPresence::Present));
-            } else if path.as_str() == "a" {
+            } else if path.as_unix_str() == "a" {
                 assert!(visited_paths.is_empty());
                 assert_eq!(nodes.get(&()), Some(&LabelPresence::KnownAbsent));
             } else {
@@ -189,10 +189,10 @@ mod tests {
         trie.walk(
             &TriePath::new(rel_path("a/b/c/d/e/f/g")),
             &mut |path, nodes| {
-                if path.as_str() == "a/b/c" {
+                if path.as_unix_str() == "a/b/c" {
                     assert_eq!(visited_paths, BTreeSet::from_iter([rel_path("a").into()]));
                     assert_eq!(nodes.get(&()), Some(&LabelPresence::Present));
-                } else if path.as_str() == "a" {
+                } else if path.as_unix_str() == "a" {
                     assert!(visited_paths.is_empty());
                     assert_eq!(nodes.get(&()), Some(&LabelPresence::KnownAbsent));
                 } else {
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ mod tests {
         // Test breaking from the tree-walk.
         let mut visited_paths = BTreeSet::new();
         trie.walk(&TriePath::new(rel_path("a/b/c")), &mut |path, nodes| {
-            if path.as_str() == "a" {
+            if path.as_unix_str() == "a" {
                 assert!(visited_paths.is_empty());
                 assert_eq!(nodes.get(&()), Some(&LabelPresence::KnownAbsent));
             } else {
@@ -254,8 +254,8 @@ mod tests {
         let mut visited_paths = BTreeSet::new();
         trie.walk(&TriePath::new(rel_path("a/b/c")), &mut |path, nodes| {
             assert_eq!(nodes.get(&()), Some(&LabelPresence::Present));
-            if path.as_str() != "a" && path.as_str() != "a/b" {
-                panic!("Unexpected path: {}", path.as_str());
+            if path.as_unix_str() != "a" && path.as_unix_str() != "a/b" {
+                panic!("Unexpected path: {}", path.as_unix_str());
             }
             assert!(visited_paths.insert(path.clone()));
             ControlFlow::Continue(())
diff --git a/crates/project/src/prettier_store.rs b/crates/project/src/prettier_store.rs
index 48cf4f4c881ffa3355de41ee521cd5a61b7d6d06..625f239b28ed0c6e4ad2a0fa3886896f0adeb723 100644
--- a/crates/project/src/prettier_store.rs
+++ b/crates/project/src/prettier_store.rs
@@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ impl PrettierStore {
     ) {
         let prettier_config_files = Prettier::CONFIG_FILE_NAMES
             .iter()
-            .map(|name| RelPath::new(name).unwrap())
+            .map(|name| RelPath::unix(name).unwrap())
             .collect::<HashSet<_>>();
 
         let prettier_config_file_changed = changes
diff --git a/crates/project/src/project.rs b/crates/project/src/project.rs
index 1b85bda8513e5d82a73041f4fcafad58ab59e4fe..24a364012e7eac22e34ef767d89b916338379198 100644
--- a/crates/project/src/project.rs
+++ b/crates/project/src/project.rs
@@ -2032,7 +2032,7 @@ impl Project {
 
     pub fn worktree_root_names<'a>(&'a self, cx: &'a App) -> impl Iterator<Item = &'a str> {
         self.visible_worktrees(cx)
-            .map(|tree| tree.read(cx).root_name().as_str())
+            .map(|tree| tree.read(cx).root_name().as_unix_str())
     }
 
     pub fn worktree_for_id(&self, id: WorktreeId, cx: &App) -> Option<Entity<Worktree>> {
@@ -4242,20 +4242,18 @@ impl Project {
         cx: &mut Context<Self>,
     ) -> Task<Option<ResolvedPath>> {
         let mut candidates = vec![];
-        if let Ok(path) = RelPath::from_std_path(Path::new(path), self.path_style(cx)) {
-            candidates.push(path);
+        let path_style = self.path_style(cx);
+        if let Ok(path) = RelPath::new(path.as_ref(), path_style) {
+            candidates.push(path.into_arc());
         }
 
         if let Some(file) = buffer.read(cx).file()
             && let Some(dir) = file.path().parent()
         {
-            if let Some(joined) = self
-                .path_style(cx)
-                .join(&*dir.display(self.path_style(cx)), path)
-                && let Some(joined) =
-                    RelPath::from_std_path(Path::new(&joined), self.path_style(cx)).ok()
+            if let Some(joined) = path_style.join(&*dir.display(path_style), path)
+                && let Some(joined) = RelPath::new(joined.as_ref(), path_style).ok()
             {
-                candidates.push(joined);
+                candidates.push(joined.into_arc());
             }
         }
 
@@ -4470,30 +4468,30 @@ impl Project {
                 let worktree_abs_path = worktree.read(cx).abs_path();
 
                 if let Ok(relative_path) = path.strip_prefix(worktree_abs_path)
-                    && let Ok(path) = RelPath::from_std_path(relative_path, path_style)
+                    && let Ok(path) = RelPath::new(relative_path, path_style)
                 {
                     return Some(ProjectPath {
                         worktree_id: worktree.read(cx).id(),
-                        path,
+                        path: path.into_arc(),
                     });
                 }
             }
         } else {
             for worktree in worktree_store.visible_worktrees(cx) {
                 let worktree_root_name = worktree.read(cx).root_name();
-                if let Ok(relative_path) = path.strip_prefix(worktree_root_name)
-                    && let Ok(path) = RelPath::from_std_path(relative_path, path_style)
+                if let Ok(relative_path) = path.strip_prefix(worktree_root_name.as_std_path())
+                    && let Ok(path) = RelPath::new(relative_path, path_style)
                 {
                     return Some(ProjectPath {
                         worktree_id: worktree.read(cx).id(),
-                        path,
+                        path: path.into_arc(),
                     });
                 }
             }
 
             for worktree in worktree_store.visible_worktrees(cx) {
                 let worktree = worktree.read(cx);
-                if let Ok(path) = RelPath::from_std_path(path, path_style)
+                if let Ok(path) = RelPath::new(path, path_style)
                     && let Some(entry) = worktree.entry_for_path(&path)
                 {
                     return Some(ProjectPath {
diff --git a/crates/project/src/project_settings.rs b/crates/project/src/project_settings.rs
index e0207fedf012f79601f1ee2c63a6538d7dee74ef..a6cbc25198e224df1633f801d361116989be5ca3 100644
--- a/crates/project/src/project_settings.rs
+++ b/crates/project/src/project_settings.rs
@@ -859,7 +859,7 @@ impl SettingsObserver {
                     .unwrap()
                     .into();
                 (settings_dir, LocalSettingsKind::Debug)
-            } else if path.ends_with(RelPath::new(EDITORCONFIG_NAME).unwrap()) {
+            } else if path.ends_with(RelPath::unix(EDITORCONFIG_NAME).unwrap()) {
                 let Some(settings_dir) = path.parent().map(Arc::from) else {
                     continue;
                 };
@@ -881,7 +881,7 @@ impl SettingsObserver {
                         Some(
                             async move {
                                 let content = fs.load(&abs_path).await?;
-                                if abs_path.ends_with(local_vscode_tasks_file_relative_path()) {
+                                if abs_path.ends_with(local_vscode_tasks_file_relative_path().as_std_path()) {
                                     let vscode_tasks =
                                         parse_json_with_comments::<VsCodeTaskFile>(&content)
                                             .with_context(|| {
@@ -898,7 +898,7 @@ impl SettingsObserver {
                                             "serializing Zed tasks into JSON, file {abs_path:?}"
                                         )
                                     })
-                                } else if abs_path.ends_with(local_vscode_launch_file_relative_path()) {
+                                } else if abs_path.ends_with(local_vscode_launch_file_relative_path().as_std_path()) {
                                     let vscode_tasks =
                                         parse_json_with_comments::<VsCodeDebugTaskFile>(&content)
                                             .with_context(|| {
@@ -984,7 +984,7 @@ impl SettingsObserver {
                             Ok(()) => {
                                 cx.emit(SettingsObserverEvent::LocalSettingsUpdated(Ok(directory
                                     .as_std_path()
-                                    .join(local_settings_file_relative_path()))));
+                                    .join(local_settings_file_relative_path().as_std_path()))));
                             }
                         }
                     }),
@@ -1013,7 +1013,7 @@ impl SettingsObserver {
                         Ok(()) => {
                             cx.emit(SettingsObserverEvent::LocalTasksUpdated(Ok(directory
                                 .as_std_path()
-                                .join(RelPath::new(task_file_name()).unwrap()))));
+                                .join(task_file_name()))));
                         }
                     }
                 }
@@ -1044,7 +1044,7 @@ impl SettingsObserver {
                         Ok(()) => {
                             cx.emit(SettingsObserverEvent::LocalTasksUpdated(Ok(directory
                                 .as_std_path()
-                                .join(RelPath::new(task_file_name()).unwrap()))));
+                                .join(task_file_name()))));
                         }
                     }
                 }
diff --git a/crates/project/src/project_tests.rs b/crates/project/src/project_tests.rs
index 75f5423f1a0234965d0fbb794bd1338b3d893402..4a27d88a0193ea9a68a5499bf2430f1ba921b530 100644
--- a/crates/project/src/project_tests.rs
+++ b/crates/project/src/project_tests.rs
@@ -608,7 +608,7 @@ async fn test_running_multiple_instances_of_a_single_server_in_one_worktree(
             }: ManifestQuery,
         ) -> Option<Arc<RelPath>> {
             for path in path.ancestors().take(depth) {
-                let p = path.join(RelPath::new("pyproject.toml").unwrap());
+                let p = path.join(rel_path("pyproject.toml"));
                 if delegate.exists(&p, Some(false)) {
                     return Some(path.into());
                 }
@@ -737,7 +737,7 @@ async fn test_running_multiple_instances_of_a_single_server_in_one_worktree(
         })
         .await
         .expect("A toolchain to be discovered");
-    assert_eq!(root_path.as_ref(), RelPath::new("project-b").unwrap());
+    assert_eq!(root_path.as_ref(), rel_path("project-b"));
     assert_eq!(available_toolchains_for_b.toolchains().len(), 1);
     let currently_active_toolchain = project
         .update(cx, |this, cx| {
@@ -1285,7 +1285,7 @@ async fn test_reporting_fs_changes_to_language_servers(cx: &mut gpui::TestAppCon
                 .read(cx)
                 .snapshot()
                 .entries(true, 0)
-                .map(|entry| (entry.path.as_str(), entry.is_ignored))
+                .map(|entry| (entry.path.as_unix_str(), entry.is_ignored))
                 .collect::<Vec<_>>(),
             &[
                 ("", false),
@@ -1403,7 +1403,7 @@ async fn test_reporting_fs_changes_to_language_servers(cx: &mut gpui::TestAppCon
                 .read(cx)
                 .snapshot()
                 .entries(true, 0)
-                .map(|entry| (entry.path.as_str(), entry.is_ignored))
+                .map(|entry| (entry.path.as_unix_str(), entry.is_ignored))
                 .collect::<Vec<_>>(),
             &[
                 ("", false),
@@ -9336,7 +9336,7 @@ fn python_lang(fs: Arc<FakeFs>) -> Arc<Language> {
             let ancestors = subroot_relative_path.ancestors().collect::<Vec<_>>();
             let mut toolchains = vec![];
             for ancestor in ancestors {
-                let venv_path = worktree_root.join(ancestor).join(".venv");
+                let venv_path = worktree_root.join(ancestor.as_std_path()).join(".venv");
                 if self.0.is_dir(&venv_path).await {
                     toolchains.push(Toolchain {
                         name: SharedString::new("Python Venv"),
diff --git a/crates/project/src/task_inventory.rs b/crates/project/src/task_inventory.rs
index 6ee664bfb48db71dcedeb30799af22165c8457ac..186cdcafc638d76770873649cb109305e073cb27 100644
--- a/crates/project/src/task_inventory.rs
+++ b/crates/project/src/task_inventory.rs
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ impl TaskSourceKind {
                 id_base,
                 directory_in_worktree,
             } => {
-                format!("{id_base}_{id}_{}", directory_in_worktree.as_str())
+                format!("{id_base}_{id}_{}", directory_in_worktree.as_unix_str())
             }
             Self::Language { name } => format!("language_{name}"),
             Self::Lsp {
@@ -1182,7 +1182,7 @@ mod tests {
         let worktree_id = WorktreeId::from_usize(0);
         let local_worktree_location = SettingsLocation {
             worktree_id,
-            path: RelPath::new("foo").unwrap(),
+            path: rel_path("foo"),
         };
         inventory.update(cx, |inventory, _| {
             inventory
@@ -1476,7 +1476,7 @@ mod tests {
                 .update_file_based_tasks(
                     TaskSettingsLocation::Worktree(SettingsLocation {
                         worktree_id: worktree_1,
-                        path: RelPath::new(".zed").unwrap(),
+                        path: rel_path(".zed"),
                     }),
                     Some(&mock_tasks_from_names(
                         worktree_1_tasks.iter().map(|(_, name)| name.as_str()),
@@ -1487,7 +1487,7 @@ mod tests {
                 .update_file_based_tasks(
                     TaskSettingsLocation::Worktree(SettingsLocation {
                         worktree_id: worktree_2,
-                        path: RelPath::new(".zed").unwrap(),
+                        path: rel_path(".zed"),
                     }),
                     Some(&mock_tasks_from_names(
                         worktree_2_tasks.iter().map(|(_, name)| name.as_str()),
diff --git a/crates/project/src/toolchain_store.rs b/crates/project/src/toolchain_store.rs
index bbf1ccbe4ea1a9ec7113cc71d821665caf1b7dad..8d78f751848d12e9300bee7e8b5341cdc23f47bb 100644
--- a/crates/project/src/toolchain_store.rs
+++ b/crates/project/src/toolchain_store.rs
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ impl ToolchainStore {
         envelope: TypedEnvelope<proto::ActiveToolchain>,
         mut cx: AsyncApp,
     ) -> Result<proto::ActiveToolchainResponse> {
-        let path = RelPath::new(envelope.payload.path.as_deref().unwrap_or(""))?;
+        let path = RelPath::unix(envelope.payload.path.as_deref().unwrap_or(""))?;
         let toolchain = this
             .update(&mut cx, |this, cx| {
                 let language_name = LanguageName::from_proto(envelope.payload.language_name);
diff --git a/crates/project/src/worktree_store.rs b/crates/project/src/worktree_store.rs
index 0e187817bf9e932a2feec15348fc121e96b04e40..068249e85ae83253071e416f46a1acd65b051573 100644
--- a/crates/project/src/worktree_store.rs
+++ b/crates/project/src/worktree_store.rs
@@ -161,9 +161,9 @@ impl WorktreeStore {
         for tree in self.worktrees() {
             let path_style = tree.read(cx).path_style();
             if let Ok(relative_path) = abs_path.as_ref().strip_prefix(tree.read(cx).abs_path())
-                && let Ok(relative_path) = RelPath::from_std_path(relative_path, path_style)
+                && let Ok(relative_path) = RelPath::new(relative_path, path_style)
             {
-                return Some((tree.clone(), relative_path));
+                return Some((tree.clone(), relative_path.into_arc()));
             }
         }
         None
@@ -1025,9 +1025,9 @@ impl WorktreeStore {
                     continue;
                 }
                 let relative_path = file.strip_prefix(snapshot.abs_path())?;
-                let relative_path = RelPath::from_std_path(&relative_path, snapshot.path_style())
+                let relative_path = RelPath::new(&relative_path, snapshot.path_style())
                     .context("getting relative path")?;
-                results.push((relative_path, !metadata.is_dir))
+                results.push((relative_path.into_arc(), !metadata.is_dir))
             }
             results.sort_by(|(a_path, _), (b_path, _)| a_path.cmp(b_path));
             for (path, is_file) in results {
@@ -1052,7 +1052,7 @@ impl WorktreeStore {
                             worktree_root: snapshot.abs_path().clone(),
                             path: ProjectPath {
                                 worktree_id: snapshot.id(),
-                                path,
+                                path: path.into_arc(),
                             },
                         })
                         .await?;
diff --git a/crates/project/src/yarn.rs b/crates/project/src/yarn.rs
index 8e7ad7b2405712e611e06cdf551a1d6d7155889f..b270fe2df3585a125a8930722f2eb208c8983ce9 100644
--- a/crates/project/src/yarn.rs
+++ b/crates/project/src/yarn.rs
@@ -114,9 +114,8 @@ impl YarnPathStore {
                 };
                 // Rebase zip-path onto new temp path.
                 let as_relative =
-                    RelPath::from_std_path(path.strip_prefix(zip_file).ok()?, PathStyle::local())
-                        .ok()?;
-                Some((zip_root.into(), as_relative))
+                    RelPath::new(path.strip_prefix(zip_file).ok()?, PathStyle::local()).ok()?;
+                Some((zip_root.into(), as_relative.into_arc()))
             })
         } else {
             Task::ready(None)
diff --git a/crates/project_panel/src/project_panel.rs b/crates/project_panel/src/project_panel.rs
index da413e6367ed0a402c9d054db1579b9115a678aa..5aaefeb42112de5ffbb0f115fcf7019612e94e33 100644
--- a/crates/project_panel/src/project_panel.rs
+++ b/crates/project_panel/src/project_panel.rs
@@ -1425,7 +1425,7 @@ impl ProjectPanel {
             }
             let trimmed_filename = trimmed_filename.trim_start_matches('/');
 
-            let Ok(filename) = RelPath::new(trimmed_filename) else {
+            let Ok(filename) = RelPath::unix(trimmed_filename) else {
                 edit_state.validation_state = ValidationState::Warning(
                     "File or directory name contains leading or trailing whitespace.".to_string(),
                 );
@@ -1460,7 +1460,7 @@ impl ProjectPanel {
                 if already_exists {
                     edit_state.validation_state = ValidationState::Error(format!(
                         "File or directory '{}' already exists at location. Please choose a different name.",
-                        filename.as_str()
+                        filename.as_unix_str()
                     ));
                     cx.notify();
                     return;
@@ -1495,7 +1495,7 @@ impl ProjectPanel {
         } else {
             filename.trim_start_matches('/')
         };
-        let filename = RelPath::from_std_path(filename.as_ref(), path_style).ok()?;
+        let filename = RelPath::new(filename.as_ref(), path_style).ok()?.into_arc();
 
         edit_state.is_dir =
             edit_state.is_dir || (edit_state.is_new_entry() && filename_indicates_dir);
@@ -2438,7 +2438,7 @@ impl ProjectPanel {
             .path
             .file_name()?
             .to_string();
-        new_path.push(RelPath::new(&clipboard_entry_file_name).unwrap());
+        new_path.push(RelPath::unix(&clipboard_entry_file_name).unwrap());
         let extension = new_path.extension().map(|s| s.to_string());
         let file_name_without_extension = new_path.file_stem()?.to_string();
         let file_name_len = file_name_without_extension.len();
@@ -2466,7 +2466,7 @@ impl ProjectPanel {
                     new_file_name.push_str(extension);
                 }
 
-                new_path.push(RelPath::new(&new_file_name).unwrap());
+                new_path.push(RelPath::unix(&new_file_name).unwrap());
 
                 disambiguation_range = Some(file_name_len..(file_name_len + disambiguation_len));
                 ix += 1;
@@ -2839,7 +2839,7 @@ impl ProjectPanel {
             }
 
             let mut new_path = destination_path.to_rel_path_buf();
-            new_path.push(RelPath::new(source_path.path.file_name()?).unwrap());
+            new_path.push(RelPath::unix(source_path.path.file_name()?).unwrap());
             if new_path.as_rel_path() != source_path.path.as_ref() {
                 let task = project.rename_entry(
                     entry_to_move,
@@ -3007,7 +3007,7 @@ impl ProjectPanel {
             entry: Entry {
                 id: NEW_ENTRY_ID,
                 kind: new_entry_kind,
-                path: parent_entry.path.join(RelPath::new("\0").unwrap()),
+                path: parent_entry.path.join(RelPath::unix("\0").unwrap()),
                 inode: 0,
                 mtime: parent_entry.mtime,
                 size: parent_entry.size,
@@ -3185,7 +3185,7 @@ impl ProjectPanel {
                                     entry.path.strip_prefix(root_folded_entry).ok().and_then(
                                         |suffix| {
                                             Some(
-                                                RelPath::new(root_folded_entry.file_name()?)
+                                                RelPath::unix(root_folded_entry.file_name()?)
                                                     .unwrap()
                                                     .join(suffix),
                                             )
@@ -3196,11 +3196,11 @@ impl ProjectPanel {
                                     entry
                                         .path
                                         .file_name()
-                                        .map(|file_name| RelPath::new(file_name).unwrap().into())
+                                        .map(|file_name| RelPath::unix(file_name).unwrap().into())
                                 })
                                 .unwrap_or_else(|| entry.path.clone());
                         let depth = path.components().count();
-                        (depth, path.as_str().chars().count())
+                        (depth, path.as_unix_str().chars().count())
                     };
                 let width_estimate =
                     item_width_estimate(depth, chars, entry.canonical_path.is_some());
@@ -3337,7 +3337,7 @@ impl ProjectPanel {
             if let Some(name) = path.file_name()
                 && let Some(name) = name.to_str()
             {
-                let target_path = target_directory.join(RelPath::new(name).unwrap());
+                let target_path = target_directory.join(RelPath::unix(name).unwrap());
                 if worktree.read(cx).entry_for_path(&target_path).is_some() {
                     paths_to_replace.push((name.to_string(), path.clone()));
                 }
@@ -3650,7 +3650,7 @@ impl ProjectPanel {
                                     }
                                 } else {
                                     details.filename.clear();
-                                    details.filename.push_str(processing_filename.as_str());
+                                    details.filename.push_str(processing_filename.as_unix_str());
                                 }
                             } else {
                                 if edit_state.is_new_entry() {
@@ -4019,7 +4019,7 @@ impl ProjectPanel {
             .path_for_entry(drag_state.active_selection.entry_id, cx)
         {
             if let Some(parent_path) = entry_path.path.parent() {
-                if !parent_path.as_os_str().is_empty() {
+                if !parent_path.is_empty() {
                     return true;
                 }
             }
@@ -4784,7 +4784,7 @@ impl ProjectPanel {
                 .path
                 .file_name()
                 .map(|name| name.to_string())
-                .unwrap_or_else(|| root_name.as_str().to_string())
+                .unwrap_or_else(|| root_name.as_unix_str().to_string())
         };
 
         let selection = SelectedEntry {
diff --git a/crates/remote/src/transport/ssh.rs b/crates/remote/src/transport/ssh.rs
index 31ce2fd9f77b5dad7718b9862a9c7f06299c6b0f..616cf3810658c4efc25cc4ae348ff73873bd664f 100644
--- a/crates/remote/src/transport/ssh.rs
+++ b/crates/remote/src/transport/ssh.rs
@@ -419,7 +419,7 @@ impl SshRemoteConnection {
             version_str
         );
         let dst_path =
-            paths::remote_server_dir_relative().join(RelPath::new(&binary_name).unwrap());
+            paths::remote_server_dir_relative().join(RelPath::unix(&binary_name).unwrap());
 
         #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
         if let Some(remote_server_path) =
@@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ impl SshRemoteConnection {
                 .await?
         {
             let tmp_path = paths::remote_server_dir_relative().join(
-                RelPath::new(&format!(
+                RelPath::unix(&format!(
                     "download-{}-{}",
                     std::process::id(),
                     remote_server_path.file_name().unwrap().to_string_lossy()
@@ -462,7 +462,7 @@ impl SshRemoteConnection {
         })??;
 
         let tmp_path_gz = remote_server_dir_relative().join(
-            RelPath::new(&format!(
+            RelPath::unix(&format!(
                 "{}-download-{}.gz",
                 binary_name,
                 std::process::id()
diff --git a/crates/remote/src/transport/wsl.rs b/crates/remote/src/transport/wsl.rs
index 4d9a63e9aef3442ed6b2768fdc2557bd428c070a..2096c25fa461df723c837314072b55fda6b3c988 100644
--- a/crates/remote/src/transport/wsl.rs
+++ b/crates/remote/src/transport/wsl.rs
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ impl WslRemoteConnection {
         );
 
         let dst_path =
-            paths::remote_wsl_server_dir_relative().join(RelPath::new(&binary_name).unwrap());
+            paths::remote_wsl_server_dir_relative().join(RelPath::unix(&binary_name).unwrap());
 
         if let Some(parent) = dst_path.parent() {
             self.run_wsl_command("mkdir", &["-p", &parent.display(PathStyle::Posix)])
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ impl WslRemoteConnection {
             super::build_remote_server_from_source(&self.platform, delegate.as_ref(), cx).await?
         {
             let tmp_path = paths::remote_wsl_server_dir_relative().join(
-                &RelPath::new(&format!(
+                &RelPath::unix(&format!(
                     "download-{}-{}",
                     std::process::id(),
                     remote_server_path.file_name().unwrap().to_string_lossy()
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ impl WslRemoteConnection {
             dst_path.display(PathStyle::Posix),
             std::process::id()
         );
-        let tmp_path = RelPath::new(&tmp_path).unwrap();
+        let tmp_path = RelPath::unix(&tmp_path).unwrap();
 
         self.upload_file(&src_path, &tmp_path, delegate, cx).await?;
         self.extract_and_install(&tmp_path, &dst_path, delegate, cx)
diff --git a/crates/remote_server/src/remote_editing_tests.rs b/crates/remote_server/src/remote_editing_tests.rs
index d127de0b6e4c0f5b973f9492719fc7bd45a3e827..7527e3f139cecc315a90add08674d6745829d225 100644
--- a/crates/remote_server/src/remote_editing_tests.rs
+++ b/crates/remote_server/src/remote_editing_tests.rs
@@ -1039,7 +1039,7 @@ async fn test_adding_then_removing_then_adding_worktrees(
         assert!(worktree.is_visible());
         let entries = worktree.entries(true, 0).collect::<Vec<_>>();
         assert_eq!(entries.len(), 2);
-        assert_eq!(entries[1].path.as_str(), "README.md")
+        assert_eq!(entries[1].path.as_unix_str(), "README.md")
     })
 }
 
diff --git a/crates/remote_server/src/unix.rs b/crates/remote_server/src/unix.rs
index d6b730e6d63ea990e695f71a38028dfcc9f8600f..b91b91edcb5543e540d7508eff7b325ddc6886b7 100644
--- a/crates/remote_server/src/unix.rs
+++ b/crates/remote_server/src/unix.rs
@@ -953,7 +953,7 @@ fn cleanup_old_binaries() -> Result<()> {
     let release_channel = release_channel::RELEASE_CHANNEL.dev_name();
     let prefix = format!("zed-remote-server-{}-", release_channel);
 
-    for entry in std::fs::read_dir(server_dir)? {
+    for entry in std::fs::read_dir(server_dir.as_std_path())? {
         let path = entry?.path();
 
         if let Some(file_name) = path.file_name()
diff --git a/crates/settings/src/settings_store.rs b/crates/settings/src/settings_store.rs
index 0024ff6069a6e768a4f553ec82e6965f9cadfd11..3d3cb069d21b07f47a55b3a2242aff884184007a 100644
--- a/crates/settings/src/settings_store.rs
+++ b/crates/settings/src/settings_store.rs
@@ -633,7 +633,7 @@ impl SettingsStore {
                 return Err(InvalidSettingsError::Tasks {
                     message: "Attempted to submit tasks into the settings store".to_string(),
                     path: directory_path
-                        .join(RelPath::new(task_file_name()).unwrap())
+                        .join(RelPath::unix(task_file_name()).unwrap())
                         .as_std_path()
                         .to_path_buf(),
                 });
@@ -643,7 +643,7 @@ impl SettingsStore {
                     message: "Attempted to submit debugger config into the settings store"
                         .to_string(),
                     path: directory_path
-                        .join(RelPath::new(task_file_name()).unwrap())
+                        .join(RelPath::unix(task_file_name()).unwrap())
                         .as_std_path()
                         .to_path_buf(),
                 });
@@ -698,7 +698,8 @@ impl SettingsStore {
                             v.insert((editorconfig_contents.to_owned(), None));
                             return Err(InvalidSettingsError::Editorconfig {
                                 message: e.to_string(),
-                                path: directory_path.join(RelPath::new(EDITORCONFIG_NAME).unwrap()),
+                                path: directory_path
+                                    .join(RelPath::unix(EDITORCONFIG_NAME).unwrap()),
                             });
                         }
                     },
@@ -716,7 +717,7 @@ impl SettingsStore {
                                     return Err(InvalidSettingsError::Editorconfig {
                                         message: e.to_string(),
                                         path: directory_path
-                                            .join(RelPath::new(EDITORCONFIG_NAME).unwrap()),
+                                            .join(RelPath::unix(EDITORCONFIG_NAME).unwrap()),
                                     });
                                 }
                             }
diff --git a/crates/terminal_view/src/terminal_path_like_target.rs b/crates/terminal_view/src/terminal_path_like_target.rs
index 31c9fe2b554095cd025332c59e08dab54865f692..4469a975ad62fbfbe32f3e6c2f4d56d704097428 100644
--- a/crates/terminal_view/src/terminal_path_like_target.rs
+++ b/crates/terminal_view/src/terminal_path_like_target.rs
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ fn possible_open_target(
         let mut paths_to_check = Vec::with_capacity(potential_paths.len());
         let relative_cwd = cwd
             .and_then(|cwd| cwd.strip_prefix(&worktree_root).ok())
-            .and_then(|cwd| RelPath::from_std_path(cwd, PathStyle::local()).ok())
+            .and_then(|cwd| RelPath::new(cwd, PathStyle::local()).ok())
             .and_then(|cwd_stripped| {
                 (cwd_stripped.as_ref() != RelPath::empty()).then(|| {
                     is_cwd_in_worktree = true;
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ fn possible_open_target(
             };
 
             if let Ok(relative_path_to_check) =
-                RelPath::from_std_path(&path_to_check.path, PathStyle::local())
+                RelPath::new(&path_to_check.path, PathStyle::local())
                 && !worktree.read(cx).is_single_file()
                 && let Some(entry) = relative_cwd
                     .clone()
@@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ fn possible_open_target(
                         for entry in traversal {
                             if let Some(path_in_worktree) =
                                 worktree_paths_to_check.iter().find(|path_to_check| {
-                                    RelPath::from_std_path(&path_to_check.path, PathStyle::local())
+                                    RelPath::new(&path_to_check.path, PathStyle::local())
                                         .is_ok_and(|path| entry.path.ends_with(&path))
                                 })
                             {
diff --git a/crates/util/Cargo.toml b/crates/util/Cargo.toml
index f4737b4a8cbd227e4f08e498018a76f2890b2d19..c42688bf9162f649437de990f3f219d1479e2515 100644
--- a/crates/util/Cargo.toml
+++ b/crates/util/Cargo.toml
@@ -57,3 +57,4 @@ git2.workspace = true
 indoc.workspace = true
 rand.workspace = true
 util_macros.workspace = true
+pretty_assertions.workspace = true
diff --git a/crates/util/src/rel_path.rs b/crates/util/src/rel_path.rs
index 201822ed7b46bf567858c1b8616e044c690191e6..c8f759d6ed90373a8b55f2a83320da688e03e3ad 100644
--- a/crates/util/src/rel_path.rs
+++ b/crates/util/src/rel_path.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 use crate::paths::{PathStyle, is_absolute};
-use anyhow::{Context as _, Result, anyhow, bail};
+use anyhow::{Context as _, Result, anyhow};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use std::{
-    borrow::Cow,
-    ffi::OsStr,
+    borrow::{Borrow, Cow},
     fmt,
     ops::Deref,
     path::{Path, PathBuf},
@@ -23,51 +22,71 @@ impl RelPath {
     }
 
     #[track_caller]
-    pub fn new<S: AsRef<str> + ?Sized>(s: &S) -> anyhow::Result<&Self> {
-        let this = unsafe { Self::new_unchecked(s) };
-        if this.0.starts_with("/")
-            || this.0.ends_with("/")
-            || this
-                .components()
-                .any(|component| component == ".." || component == "." || component.is_empty())
+    pub fn new<'a>(path: &'a Path, path_style: PathStyle) -> Result<Cow<'a, Self>> {
+        let mut path = path.to_str().context("non utf-8 path")?;
+
+        let (prefixes, suffixes): (&[_], &[_]) = match path_style {
+            PathStyle::Posix => (&["./"], &['/']),
+            PathStyle::Windows => (&["./", ".\\"], &['/', '\\']),
+        };
+
+        while prefixes.iter().any(|prefix| path.starts_with(prefix)) {
+            path = &path[prefixes[0].len()..];
+        }
+        while let Some(prefix) = path.strip_suffix(suffixes)
+            && !prefix.is_empty()
         {
-            bail!("invalid relative path: {:?}", &this.0);
+            path = prefix;
         }
-        Ok(this)
-    }
-
-    #[track_caller]
-    pub fn from_std_path(path: &Path, path_style: PathStyle) -> Result<Arc<Self>> {
-        let path = path.to_str().context("non utf-8 path")?;
-        let mut string = Cow::Borrowed(path);
 
-        if is_absolute(&string, path_style) {
+        if is_absolute(&path, path_style) {
             return Err(anyhow!("absolute path not allowed: {path:?}"));
         }
 
-        if path_style == PathStyle::Windows {
+        let mut string = Cow::Borrowed(path);
+        if path_style == PathStyle::Windows && path.contains('\\') {
             string = Cow::Owned(string.as_ref().replace('\\', "/"))
         }
 
-        let mut this = RelPathBuf::new();
-        for component in unsafe { Self::new_unchecked(string.as_ref()) }.components() {
-            match component {
-                "" => {}
-                "." => {}
-                ".." => {
-                    if !this.pop() {
-                        return Err(anyhow!("path is not relative: {string:?}"));
+        let mut result = match string {
+            Cow::Borrowed(string) => Cow::Borrowed(unsafe { Self::new_unchecked(string) }),
+            Cow::Owned(string) => Cow::Owned(RelPathBuf(string)),
+        };
+
+        if result
+            .components()
+            .any(|component| component == "" || component == "." || component == "..")
+        {
+            let mut normalized = RelPathBuf::new();
+            for component in result.components() {
+                match component {
+                    "" => {}
+                    "." => {}
+                    ".." => {
+                        if !normalized.pop() {
+                            return Err(anyhow!("path is not relative: {result:?}"));
+                        }
                     }
+                    other => normalized.push(&RelPath::unix(other)?),
                 }
-                other => this.push(RelPath::new(other)?),
             }
+            result = Cow::Owned(normalized)
         }
 
-        Ok(this.into())
+        Ok(result)
     }
 
-    pub unsafe fn new_unchecked<S: AsRef<str> + ?Sized>(s: &S) -> &Self {
-        unsafe { &*(s.as_ref() as *const str as *const Self) }
+    #[track_caller]
+    pub fn unix<S: AsRef<Path> + ?Sized>(path: &S) -> anyhow::Result<&Self> {
+        let path = path.as_ref();
+        match Self::new(path, PathStyle::Posix)? {
+            Cow::Borrowed(path) => Ok(path),
+            Cow::Owned(_) => Err(anyhow!("invalid relative path {path:?}")),
+        }
+    }
+
+    unsafe fn new_unchecked(s: &str) -> &Self {
+        unsafe { &*(s as *const str as *const Self) }
     }
 
     pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
@@ -115,7 +134,7 @@ impl RelPath {
         false
     }
 
-    pub fn strip_prefix(&self, other: &Self) -> Result<&Self> {
+    pub fn strip_prefix<'a>(&'a self, other: &Self) -> Result<&'a Self> {
         if other.is_empty() {
             return Ok(self);
         }
@@ -146,21 +165,6 @@ impl RelPath {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn push(&self, component: &str) -> Result<Arc<Self>> {
-        if component.is_empty() {
-            bail!("pushed component is empty");
-        } else if component.contains('/') {
-            bail!("pushed component contains a separator: {component:?}");
-        }
-        let path = format!(
-            "{}{}{}",
-            &self.0,
-            if self.is_empty() { "" } else { "/" },
-            component
-        );
-        Ok(Arc::from(unsafe { Self::new_unchecked(&path) }))
-    }
-
     pub fn join(&self, other: &Self) -> Arc<Self> {
         let result = if self.0.is_empty() {
             Cow::Borrowed(&other.0)
@@ -173,7 +177,7 @@ impl RelPath {
     }
 
     pub fn to_proto(&self) -> String {
-        self.0.to_owned()
+        self.as_unix_str().to_owned()
     }
 
     pub fn to_rel_path_buf(&self) -> RelPathBuf {
@@ -181,13 +185,17 @@ impl RelPath {
     }
 
     pub fn from_proto(path: &str) -> Result<Arc<Self>> {
-        Ok(Arc::from(Self::new(path)?))
+        Ok(Arc::from(Self::unix(path)?))
     }
 
-    pub fn as_str(&self) -> &str {
+    pub fn as_unix_str(&self) -> &str {
         &self.0
     }
 
+    pub fn into_arc(&self) -> Arc<Self> {
+        Arc::from(self)
+    }
+
     pub fn display(&self, style: PathStyle) -> Cow<'_, str> {
         match style {
             PathStyle::Posix => Cow::Borrowed(&self.0),
@@ -195,16 +203,22 @@ impl RelPath {
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn as_bytes(&self) -> &[u8] {
-        &self.0.as_bytes()
+    pub fn as_std_path(&self) -> &Path {
+        Path::new(&self.0)
     }
+}
+
+impl ToOwned for RelPath {
+    type Owned = RelPathBuf;
 
-    pub fn as_os_str(&self) -> &OsStr {
-        self.0.as_ref()
+    fn to_owned(&self) -> Self::Owned {
+        self.to_rel_path_buf()
     }
+}
 
-    pub fn as_std_path(&self) -> &Path {
-        Path::new(&self.0)
+impl Borrow<RelPath> for RelPathBuf {
+    fn borrow(&self) -> &RelPath {
+        self.as_rel_path()
     }
 }
 
@@ -293,9 +307,9 @@ impl Deref for RelPathBuf {
     }
 }
 
-impl AsRef<Path> for RelPath {
-    fn as_ref(&self) -> &Path {
-        Path::new(&self.0)
+impl<'a> From<&'a RelPath> for Cow<'a, RelPath> {
+    fn from(value: &'a RelPath) -> Self {
+        Self::Borrowed(value)
     }
 }
 
@@ -309,7 +323,7 @@ impl From<&RelPath> for Arc<RelPath> {
 #[cfg(any(test, feature = "test-support"))]
 #[track_caller]
 pub fn rel_path(path: &str) -> &RelPath {
-    RelPath::new(path).unwrap()
+    RelPath::unix(path).unwrap()
 }
 
 impl PartialEq<str> for RelPath {
@@ -384,35 +398,52 @@ impl<'a> DoubleEndedIterator for RelPathComponents<'a> {
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
     use itertools::Itertools;
-    use std::path::PathBuf;
+    use pretty_assertions::assert_matches;
 
     #[test]
-    fn test_path_construction() {
-        assert!(RelPath::new("/").is_err());
-        assert!(RelPath::new("/foo").is_err());
-        assert!(RelPath::new("foo/").is_err());
-        assert!(RelPath::new("foo//bar").is_err());
-        assert!(RelPath::new("foo/../bar").is_err());
-        assert!(RelPath::new("./foo/bar").is_err());
-        assert!(RelPath::new("..").is_err());
-
-        assert!(RelPath::from_std_path(Path::new("/"), PathStyle::local()).is_err());
-        assert!(RelPath::from_std_path(Path::new("//"), PathStyle::local()).is_err());
-        assert!(RelPath::from_std_path(Path::new("/foo/"), PathStyle::local()).is_err());
-        assert_eq!(
-            RelPath::from_std_path(&PathBuf::from_iter(["foo", ""]), PathStyle::local()).unwrap(),
-            Arc::from(rel_path("foo"))
-        );
-    }
+    fn test_rel_path_new() {
+        assert!(RelPath::new(Path::new("/"), PathStyle::local()).is_err());
+        assert!(RelPath::new(Path::new("//"), PathStyle::local()).is_err());
+        assert!(RelPath::new(Path::new("/foo/"), PathStyle::local()).is_err());
+
+        let path = RelPath::new("foo/".as_ref(), PathStyle::local()).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(path, rel_path("foo").into());
+        assert_matches!(path, Cow::Borrowed(_));
+
+        let path = RelPath::new("foo\\".as_ref(), PathStyle::Windows).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(path, rel_path("foo").into());
+        assert_matches!(path, Cow::Borrowed(_));
 
-    #[test]
-    fn test_rel_path_from_std_path() {
         assert_eq!(
-            RelPath::from_std_path(Path::new("foo/bar/../baz/./quux/"), PathStyle::local())
+            RelPath::new("foo/bar/../baz/./quux/".as_ref(), PathStyle::local())
                 .unwrap()
                 .as_ref(),
             rel_path("foo/baz/quux")
         );
+
+        let path = RelPath::new("./foo/bar".as_ref(), PathStyle::Posix).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(path.as_ref(), rel_path("foo/bar"));
+        assert_matches!(path, Cow::Borrowed(_));
+
+        let path = RelPath::new(".\\foo".as_ref(), PathStyle::Windows).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(path, rel_path("foo").into());
+        assert_matches!(path, Cow::Borrowed(_));
+
+        let path = RelPath::new("./.\\./foo/\\/".as_ref(), PathStyle::Windows).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(path, rel_path("foo").into());
+        assert_matches!(path, Cow::Borrowed(_));
+
+        let path = RelPath::new("foo/./bar".as_ref(), PathStyle::Posix).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(path.as_ref(), rel_path("foo/bar"));
+        assert_matches!(path, Cow::Owned(_));
+
+        let path = RelPath::new("./foo/bar".as_ref(), PathStyle::Windows).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(path.as_ref(), rel_path("foo/bar"));
+        assert_matches!(path, Cow::Borrowed(_));
+
+        let path = RelPath::new(".\\foo\\bar".as_ref(), PathStyle::Windows).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(path.as_ref(), rel_path("foo/bar"));
+        assert_matches!(path, Cow::Owned(_));
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -456,10 +487,7 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_rel_path_parent() {
-        assert_eq!(
-            rel_path("foo/bar/baz").parent(),
-            Some(RelPath::new("foo/bar").unwrap())
-        );
+        assert_eq!(rel_path("foo/bar/baz").parent(), Some(rel_path("foo/bar")));
         assert_eq!(rel_path("foo").parent(), Some(RelPath::empty()));
         assert_eq!(rel_path("").parent(), None);
     }
@@ -470,7 +498,9 @@ mod tests {
         for [lhs, rhs] in test_cases.iter().array_combinations::<2>() {
             assert_eq!(
                 Path::new(lhs).cmp(Path::new(rhs)),
-                RelPath::new(lhs).unwrap().cmp(RelPath::new(rhs).unwrap())
+                RelPath::unix(lhs)
+                    .unwrap()
+                    .cmp(&RelPath::unix(rhs).unwrap())
             );
         }
     }
@@ -486,30 +516,22 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_rel_path_constructors_absolute_path() {
-        assert!(RelPath::from_std_path(Path::new("/a/b"), PathStyle::Windows).is_err());
-        assert!(RelPath::from_std_path(Path::new("\\a\\b"), PathStyle::Windows).is_err());
-        assert!(RelPath::from_std_path(Path::new("/a/b"), PathStyle::Posix).is_err());
-        assert!(RelPath::from_std_path(Path::new("C:/a/b"), PathStyle::Windows).is_err());
-        assert!(RelPath::from_std_path(Path::new("C:\\a\\b"), PathStyle::Windows).is_err());
-        assert!(RelPath::from_std_path(Path::new("C:/a/b"), PathStyle::Posix).is_ok());
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_push() {
-        assert_eq!(rel_path("a/b").push("c").unwrap().as_str(), "a/b/c");
-        assert_eq!(rel_path("").push("c").unwrap().as_str(), "c");
-        assert!(rel_path("a/b").push("").is_err());
-        assert!(rel_path("a/b").push("c/d").is_err());
+        assert!(RelPath::new(Path::new("/a/b"), PathStyle::Windows).is_err());
+        assert!(RelPath::new(Path::new("\\a\\b"), PathStyle::Windows).is_err());
+        assert!(RelPath::new(Path::new("/a/b"), PathStyle::Posix).is_err());
+        assert!(RelPath::new(Path::new("C:/a/b"), PathStyle::Windows).is_err());
+        assert!(RelPath::new(Path::new("C:\\a\\b"), PathStyle::Windows).is_err());
+        assert!(RelPath::new(Path::new("C:/a/b"), PathStyle::Posix).is_ok());
     }
 
     #[test]
     fn test_pop() {
         let mut path = rel_path("a/b").to_rel_path_buf();
         path.pop();
-        assert_eq!(path.as_rel_path().as_str(), "a");
+        assert_eq!(path.as_rel_path().as_unix_str(), "a");
         path.pop();
-        assert_eq!(path.as_rel_path().as_str(), "");
+        assert_eq!(path.as_rel_path().as_unix_str(), "");
         path.pop();
-        assert_eq!(path.as_rel_path().as_str(), "");
+        assert_eq!(path.as_rel_path().as_unix_str(), "");
     }
 }
diff --git a/crates/vim/src/command.rs b/crates/vim/src/command.rs
index 1e38bbaf8de0595fdfd456a6ba81b76d6556563a..5f7db1369b923373c89b28752332ccd035825ba3 100644
--- a/crates/vim/src/command.rs
+++ b/crates/vim/src/command.rs
@@ -306,10 +306,10 @@ pub fn register(editor: &mut Editor, cx: &mut Context<Vim>) {
                 return;
             };
             let path_style = worktree.read(cx).path_style();
-            let Ok(project_path) = RelPath::from_std_path(Path::new(&action.filename), path_style)
-                .map(|path| ProjectPath {
+            let Ok(project_path) =
+                RelPath::new(Path::new(&action.filename), path_style).map(|path| ProjectPath {
                     worktree_id: worktree.read(cx).id(),
-                    path,
+                    path: path.into_arc(),
                 })
             else {
                 // TODO implement save_as with absolute path
@@ -372,14 +372,12 @@ pub fn register(editor: &mut Editor, cx: &mut Context<Vim>) {
                 return;
             };
             let path_style = worktree.read(cx).path_style();
-            let Some(path) =
-                RelPath::from_std_path(Path::new(&action.filename), path_style).log_err()
-            else {
+            let Some(path) = RelPath::new(Path::new(&action.filename), path_style).log_err() else {
                 return;
             };
             let project_path = ProjectPath {
                 worktree_id: worktree.read(cx).id(),
-                path,
+                path: path.into_arc(),
             };
 
             let direction = if action.vertical {
@@ -472,14 +470,12 @@ pub fn register(editor: &mut Editor, cx: &mut Context<Vim>) {
                 return;
             };
             let path_style = worktree.read(cx).path_style();
-            let Some(path) =
-                RelPath::from_std_path(Path::new(&action.filename), path_style).log_err()
-            else {
+            let Some(path) = RelPath::new(Path::new(&action.filename), path_style).log_err() else {
                 return;
             };
             let project_path = ProjectPath {
                 worktree_id: worktree.read(cx).id(),
-                path,
+                path: path.into_arc(),
             };
 
             let _ = workspace.update(cx, |workspace, cx| {
diff --git a/crates/vim/src/state.rs b/crates/vim/src/state.rs
index a7a88512e0b6fa38663f736d7fa2fdde39205917..ca3be77a854328b59823e6a2c4d9c1854f0120be 100644
--- a/crates/vim/src/state.rs
+++ b/crates/vim/src/state.rs
@@ -344,11 +344,10 @@ impl MarksState {
                 .worktrees(cx)
                 .filter_map(|worktree| {
                     let relative = path.strip_prefix(worktree.read(cx).abs_path()).ok()?;
-                    let path = RelPath::from_std_path(relative, worktree.read(cx).path_style())
-                        .log_err()?;
+                    let path = RelPath::new(relative, worktree.read(cx).path_style()).log_err()?;
                     Some(ProjectPath {
                         worktree_id: worktree.read(cx).id(),
-                        path,
+                        path: path.into_arc(),
                     })
                 })
                 .next();
diff --git a/crates/workspace/src/persistence.rs b/crates/workspace/src/persistence.rs
index 1752d77ae6fc738ec8cf1a87d07a9133f0d5e9d7..9e729b07e7d751495f30c1efa4ab04a768ced1eb 100644
--- a/crates/workspace/src/persistence.rs
+++ b/crates/workspace/src/persistence.rs
@@ -915,7 +915,7 @@ impl WorkspaceDb {
                     relative_worktree_path == String::default()
                 );
 
-                let Some(relative_path) = RelPath::new(&relative_worktree_path).log_err() else {
+                let Some(relative_path) = RelPath::unix(&relative_worktree_path).log_err() else {
                     continue;
                 };
                 if worktree_id != u64::MAX && relative_worktree_path != String::default() {
@@ -1001,7 +1001,7 @@ impl WorkspaceDb {
                     for toolchain in toolchains {
                         let query = sql!(INSERT OR REPLACE INTO user_toolchains(remote_connection_id, workspace_id, worktree_id, relative_worktree_path, language_name, name, path, raw_json) VALUES (?1, ?2, ?3, ?4, ?5, ?6, ?7, ?8));
                         let (workspace_id, worktree_id, relative_worktree_path) = match scope {
-                            ToolchainScope::Subproject(worktree_id, ref path) => (Some(workspace.id), Some(worktree_id), Some(path.as_str().to_owned())),
+                            ToolchainScope::Subproject(worktree_id, ref path) => (Some(workspace.id), Some(worktree_id), Some(path.as_unix_str().to_owned())),
                             ToolchainScope::Project => (Some(workspace.id), None, None),
                             ToolchainScope::Global => (None, None, None),
                         };
@@ -1661,7 +1661,7 @@ impl WorkspaceDb {
                 workspace_id,
                 language_name.as_ref().to_string(),
                 worktree_id.to_usize(),
-                relative_worktree_path.as_str().to_string(),
+                relative_worktree_path.as_unix_str().to_string(),
             ))?;
 
             Ok(toolchain
@@ -1743,7 +1743,7 @@ impl WorkspaceDb {
             insert((
                 workspace_id,
                 worktree_id.to_usize(),
-                relative_worktree_path.as_str(),
+                relative_worktree_path.as_unix_str(),
                 toolchain.language_name.as_ref(),
                 toolchain.name.as_ref(),
                 toolchain.path.as_ref(),
diff --git a/crates/workspace/src/workspace.rs b/crates/workspace/src/workspace.rs
index 2c2359fd9014c6fe241b194bb4b62cd81e064b92..c286a0e5dee19cef60d2f07427e1430ef05aadba 100644
--- a/crates/workspace/src/workspace.rs
+++ b/crates/workspace/src/workspace.rs
@@ -2631,11 +2631,9 @@ impl Workspace {
                                     .strip_prefix(worktree_abs_path.as_ref())
                                     .ok()
                                     .and_then(|relative_path| {
-                                        let relative_path = RelPath::from_std_path(
-                                            relative_path,
-                                            PathStyle::local(),
-                                        )
-                                        .log_err()?;
+                                        let relative_path =
+                                            RelPath::new(relative_path, PathStyle::local())
+                                                .log_err()?;
                                         worktree.entry_for_path(&relative_path)
                                     })
                             }
@@ -10766,7 +10764,7 @@ mod tests {
             .flat_map(|item| {
                 item.project_paths(cx)
                     .into_iter()
-                    .map(|path| path.path.as_str().to_string())
+                    .map(|path| path.path.display(PathStyle::local()).into_owned())
             })
             .collect()
     }
diff --git a/crates/worktree/src/worktree.rs b/crates/worktree/src/worktree.rs
index f84f1599e456c78e3d210f590779e60e6fa12622..5accfba47216d745f95f2cc08f6373f328a89545 100644
--- a/crates/worktree/src/worktree.rs
+++ b/crates/worktree/src/worktree.rs
@@ -386,7 +386,9 @@ impl Worktree {
                     abs_path
                         .file_name()
                         .and_then(|f| f.to_str())
-                        .map_or(RelPath::empty().into(), |f| RelPath::new(f).unwrap().into()),
+                        .map_or(RelPath::empty().into(), |f| {
+                            RelPath::unix(f).unwrap().into()
+                        }),
                     abs_path.clone(),
                     PathStyle::local(),
                 ),
@@ -423,7 +425,7 @@ impl Worktree {
                 if !metadata.is_dir {
                     if let Some(file_name) = abs_path.file_name()
                         && let Some(file_name) = file_name.to_str()
-                        && let Ok(path) = RelPath::new(file_name)
+                        && let Ok(path) = RelPath::unix(file_name)
                     {
                         entry.is_private = !share_private_files && settings.is_path_private(path);
                     }
@@ -1556,11 +1558,12 @@ impl LocalWorktree {
         let paths_to_refresh = paths
             .iter()
             .filter_map(|(_, target)| {
-                RelPath::from_std_path(
+                RelPath::new(
                     target.strip_prefix(&worktree_path).ok()?,
                     PathStyle::local(),
                 )
                 .ok()
+                .map(|path| path.into_arc())
             })
             .collect::<Vec<_>>();
 
@@ -1767,7 +1770,9 @@ impl LocalWorktree {
                 .as_path()
                 .file_name()
                 .and_then(|f| f.to_str())
-                .map_or(RelPath::empty().into(), |f| RelPath::new(f).unwrap().into());
+                .map_or(RelPath::empty().into(), |f| {
+                    RelPath::unix(f).unwrap().into()
+                });
             self.snapshot.update_abs_path(new_path, root_name);
         }
         self.restart_background_scanners(cx);
@@ -1962,7 +1967,7 @@ impl RemoteWorktree {
                 let Some(filename) = root_path_to_copy
                     .file_name()
                     .and_then(|name| name.to_str())
-                    .and_then(|filename| RelPath::new(filename).ok())
+                    .and_then(|filename| RelPath::unix(filename).ok())
                 else {
                     continue;
                 };
@@ -1972,9 +1977,7 @@ impl RemoteWorktree {
                     let Some(relative_path) = abs_path
                         .strip_prefix(&root_path_to_copy)
                         .map_err(|e| anyhow::Error::from(e))
-                        .and_then(|relative_path| {
-                            RelPath::from_std_path(relative_path, PathStyle::local())
-                        })
+                        .and_then(|relative_path| RelPath::new(relative_path, PathStyle::local()))
                         .log_err()
                     else {
                         continue;
@@ -2025,7 +2028,7 @@ impl Snapshot {
             abs_path: SanitizedPath::from_arc(abs_path),
             path_style,
             root_char_bag: root_name
-                .as_str()
+                .as_unix_str()
                 .chars()
                 .map(|c| c.to_ascii_lowercase())
                 .collect(),
@@ -2154,7 +2157,7 @@ impl Snapshot {
         self.abs_path = abs_path;
         if root_name != self.root_name {
             self.root_char_bag = root_name
-                .as_str()
+                .as_unix_str()
                 .chars()
                 .map(|c| c.to_ascii_lowercase())
                 .collect();
@@ -2349,7 +2352,7 @@ impl Snapshot {
     }
 
     pub fn root_name_str(&self) -> &str {
-        self.root_name.as_str()
+        self.root_name.as_unix_str()
     }
 
     pub fn scan_id(&self) -> usize {
@@ -2589,7 +2592,7 @@ impl LocalSnapshot {
 
         if git_state {
             for ignore_parent_abs_path in self.ignores_by_parent_abs_path.keys() {
-                let ignore_parent_path = &RelPath::from_std_path(
+                let ignore_parent_path = &RelPath::new(
                     ignore_parent_abs_path
                         .strip_prefix(self.abs_path.as_path())
                         .unwrap(),
@@ -2598,8 +2601,10 @@ impl LocalSnapshot {
                 .unwrap();
                 assert!(self.entry_for_path(ignore_parent_path).is_some());
                 assert!(
-                    self.entry_for_path(&ignore_parent_path.join(RelPath::new(GITIGNORE).unwrap()))
-                        .is_some()
+                    self.entry_for_path(
+                        &ignore_parent_path.join(RelPath::unix(GITIGNORE).unwrap())
+                    )
+                    .is_some()
                 );
             }
         }
@@ -3038,7 +3043,7 @@ impl language::File for File {
     fn file_name<'a>(&'a self, cx: &'a App) -> &'a str {
         self.path
             .file_name()
-            .unwrap_or_else(|| self.worktree.read(cx).root_name.as_str())
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| self.worktree.read(cx).root_name_str())
     }
 
     fn worktree_id(&self, cx: &App) -> WorktreeId {
@@ -3815,9 +3820,9 @@ impl BackgroundScanner {
                     }
                 }
 
-                let relative_path: Arc<RelPath> = if let Ok(path) =
+                let relative_path = if let Ok(path) =
                     abs_path.strip_prefix(&root_canonical_path)
-                    && let Ok(path) = RelPath::from_std_path(path, PathStyle::local())
+                    && let Ok(path) = RelPath::new(path, PathStyle::local())
                 {
                     path
                 } else {
@@ -3864,7 +3869,7 @@ impl BackgroundScanner {
                     return false;
                 }
 
-                relative_paths.push(relative_path);
+                relative_paths.push(relative_path.into_arc());
                 true
             }
         });
@@ -4116,7 +4121,7 @@ impl BackgroundScanner {
             let child_name = child_abs_path.file_name().unwrap();
             let Some(child_path) = child_name
                 .to_str()
-                .and_then(|name| Some(job.path.join(RelPath::new(name).ok()?)))
+                .and_then(|name| Some(job.path.join(RelPath::unix(name).ok()?)))
             else {
                 continue;
             };
@@ -4231,7 +4236,7 @@ impl BackgroundScanner {
             {
                 let relative_path = job
                     .path
-                    .join(RelPath::new(child_name.to_str().unwrap()).unwrap());
+                    .join(RelPath::unix(child_name.to_str().unwrap()).unwrap());
                 if self.is_path_private(&relative_path) {
                     log::debug!("detected private file: {relative_path:?}");
                     child_entry.is_private = true;
@@ -4366,7 +4371,7 @@ impl BackgroundScanner {
 
                     if let (Some(scan_queue_tx), true) = (&scan_queue_tx, is_dir) {
                         if state.should_scan_directory(&fs_entry)
-                            || (fs_entry.path.as_os_str().is_empty()
+                            || (fs_entry.path.is_empty()
                                 && abs_path.file_name() == Some(OsStr::new(DOT_GIT)))
                         {
                             state.enqueue_scan_dir(
@@ -4489,7 +4494,7 @@ impl BackgroundScanner {
                 .retain(|parent_abs_path, (_, needs_update)| {
                     if let Ok(parent_path) = parent_abs_path.strip_prefix(abs_path.as_path())
                         && let Some(parent_path) =
-                            RelPath::from_std_path(&parent_path, PathStyle::local()).log_err()
+                            RelPath::new(&parent_path, PathStyle::local()).log_err()
                     {
                         if *needs_update {
                             *needs_update = false;
@@ -4498,7 +4503,7 @@ impl BackgroundScanner {
                             }
                         }
 
-                        let ignore_path = parent_path.join(RelPath::new(GITIGNORE).unwrap());
+                        let ignore_path = parent_path.join(RelPath::unix(GITIGNORE).unwrap());
                         if snapshot.snapshot.entry_for_path(&ignore_path).is_none() {
                             return false;
                         }
@@ -4546,7 +4551,7 @@ impl BackgroundScanner {
             .abs_path
             .strip_prefix(snapshot.abs_path.as_path())
             .unwrap();
-        let Some(path) = RelPath::from_std_path(&path, PathStyle::local()).log_err() else {
+        let Some(path) = RelPath::new(&path, PathStyle::local()).log_err() else {
             return;
         };
 
@@ -4650,7 +4655,9 @@ impl BackgroundScanner {
                     };
                     affected_repo_roots.push(dot_git_dir.parent().unwrap().into());
                     state.insert_git_repository(
-                        RelPath::from_std_path(relative, PathStyle::local()).unwrap(),
+                        RelPath::new(relative, PathStyle::local())
+                            .unwrap()
+                            .into_arc(),
                         self.fs.as_ref(),
                         self.watcher.as_ref(),
                     );
@@ -4675,7 +4682,7 @@ impl BackgroundScanner {
                     .entry_for_id(work_directory_id)
                     .is_some_and(|entry| {
                         snapshot
-                            .entry_for_path(&entry.path.join(RelPath::new(DOT_GIT).unwrap()))
+                            .entry_for_path(&entry.path.join(RelPath::unix(DOT_GIT).unwrap()))
                             .is_some()
                     });
 
@@ -4908,7 +4915,7 @@ fn swap_to_front(child_paths: &mut Vec<PathBuf>, file: &str) {
 
 fn char_bag_for_path(root_char_bag: CharBag, path: &RelPath) -> CharBag {
     let mut result = root_char_bag;
-    result.extend(path.as_str().chars().map(|c| c.to_ascii_lowercase()));
+    result.extend(path.as_unix_str().chars().map(|c| c.to_ascii_lowercase()));
     result
 }
 
@@ -4971,7 +4978,7 @@ impl WorktreeModelHandle for Entity<Worktree> {
             let mut events = cx.events(&tree);
             while events.next().await.is_some() {
                 if tree.read_with(cx, |tree, _| {
-                    tree.entry_for_path(RelPath::new(file_name).unwrap())
+                    tree.entry_for_path(RelPath::unix(file_name).unwrap())
                         .is_some()
                 }) {
                     break;
@@ -4983,7 +4990,7 @@ impl WorktreeModelHandle for Entity<Worktree> {
                 .unwrap();
             while events.next().await.is_some() {
                 if tree.read_with(cx, |tree, _| {
-                    tree.entry_for_path(RelPath::new(file_name).unwrap())
+                    tree.entry_for_path(RelPath::unix(file_name).unwrap())
                         .is_none()
                 }) {
                     break;
diff --git a/crates/zed/src/zed.rs b/crates/zed/src/zed.rs
index 95e1fe5eac1b3da88f34b24ee6deac651e718082..0d6eb5a622e61bbb37b8dfea185de28e402b1e95 100644
--- a/crates/zed/src/zed.rs
+++ b/crates/zed/src/zed.rs
@@ -1669,8 +1669,9 @@ fn open_local_file(
         cx.spawn_in(window, async move |workspace, cx| {
             // Check if the file actually exists on disk (even if it's excluded from worktree)
             let file_exists = {
-                let full_path = worktree
-                    .read_with(cx, |tree, _| tree.abs_path().join(settings_relative_path))?;
+                let full_path = worktree.read_with(cx, |tree, _| {
+                    tree.abs_path().join(settings_relative_path.as_std_path())
+                })?;
 
                 let fs = project.read_with(cx, |project, _| project.fs().clone())?;
 
diff --git a/crates/zeta/src/license_detection.rs b/crates/zeta/src/license_detection.rs
index ce6fe0c31fb1d797ed949e1ca18da4372ca5c890..3c9e97189dadfa4bcaa17b12e8c792edde352579 100644
--- a/crates/zeta/src/license_detection.rs
+++ b/crates/zeta/src/license_detection.rs
@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ impl LicenseDetectionWatcher {
             include_ignored: true,
         };
         for top_file in local_worktree.child_entries_with_options(RelPath::empty(), options) {
-            let path_bytes = top_file.path.as_os_str().as_encoded_bytes();
+            let path_bytes = top_file.path.as_unix_str().as_bytes();
             if top_file.is_created() && LICENSE_FILE_NAME_REGEX.is_match(path_bytes) {
                 let rel_path = top_file.path.clone();
                 files_to_check_tx.unbounded_send(rel_path).ok();
@@ -302,7 +302,7 @@ impl LicenseDetectionWatcher {
                 worktree::Event::UpdatedEntries(updated_entries) => {
                     for updated_entry in updated_entries.iter() {
                         let rel_path = &updated_entry.0;
-                        let path_bytes = rel_path.as_os_str().as_encoded_bytes();
+                        let path_bytes = rel_path.as_unix_str().as_bytes();
                         if LICENSE_FILE_NAME_REGEX.is_match(path_bytes) {
                             files_to_check_tx.unbounded_send(rel_path.clone()).ok();
                         }
diff --git a/crates/zeta/src/zeta.rs b/crates/zeta/src/zeta.rs
index d8a6f7e7d325edba7684e5b4cb031c4d4bacb2d3..6e546465322453c5f4e8f474a21eb2738dc3a5ff 100644
--- a/crates/zeta/src/zeta.rs
+++ b/crates/zeta/src/zeta.rs
@@ -1181,11 +1181,11 @@ impl Event {
                 let old_path = old_snapshot
                     .file()
                     .map(|f| f.path().as_ref())
-                    .unwrap_or(RelPath::new("untitled").unwrap());
+                    .unwrap_or(RelPath::unix("untitled").unwrap());
                 let new_path = new_snapshot
                     .file()
                     .map(|f| f.path().as_ref())
-                    .unwrap_or(RelPath::new("untitled").unwrap());
+                    .unwrap_or(RelPath::unix("untitled").unwrap());
                 if old_path != new_path {
                     writeln!(prompt, "User renamed {:?} to {:?}\n", old_path, new_path).unwrap();
                 }
diff --git a/crates/zeta2_tools/src/zeta2_tools.rs b/crates/zeta2_tools/src/zeta2_tools.rs
index 3ce5f4359438f483a30749efe083f0599cd090b5..741c3e4f69df2024637c81ab31df3d6c0e8e9c65 100644
--- a/crates/zeta2_tools/src/zeta2_tools.rs
+++ b/crates/zeta2_tools/src/zeta2_tools.rs
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ impl Zeta2Inspector {
                         let multibuffer = cx.new(|cx| {
                             let mut multibuffer = MultiBuffer::new(language::Capability::ReadOnly);
                             let excerpt_file = Arc::new(ExcerptMetadataFile {
-                                title: RelPath::new("Cursor Excerpt").unwrap().into(),
+                                title: RelPath::unix("Cursor Excerpt").unwrap().into(),
                                 path_style,
                                 worktree_id,
                             });
@@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ impl Zeta2Inspector {
                                     .path_for_entry(snippet.declaration.project_entry_id(), cx);
 
                                 let snippet_file = Arc::new(ExcerptMetadataFile {
-                                    title: RelPath::new(&format!(
+                                    title: RelPath::unix(&format!(
                                         "{} (Score density: {})",
                                         path.map(|p| p.path.display(path_style).to_string())
                                             .unwrap_or_else(|| "".to_string()),
diff --git a/crates/zeta_cli/src/main.rs b/crates/zeta_cli/src/main.rs
index 6c36927cd17ed21ed84989d5d9a3ef13828dc142..47cbbd29d5edb9a0f4a36ec8a3cd5f4c3d7857b4 100644
--- a/crates/zeta_cli/src/main.rs
+++ b/crates/zeta_cli/src/main.rs
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ impl FromStr for CursorPosition {
             ));
         }
 
-        let path = RelPath::from_std_path(Path::new(&parts[0]), PathStyle::local())?;
+        let path = RelPath::new(Path::new(&parts[0]), PathStyle::local())?.into_arc();
         let line: u32 = parts[1]
             .parse()
             .map_err(|_| anyhow!("Invalid line number: '{}'", parts[1]))?;